精品解析：上海市零陵中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

零陵中学2024学年第一学期期中试卷 高二英语 (满分120分，考试时间90分钟) I. Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A (1’*10=10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe. 2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition. 3. A.50 minutes. B.25 minutes. C. An hour and a quarter. D. An hour and a half. 4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm. C. The woman will take the next train. D. The woman has to wait for the train. 5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking. C. She is always very frank. D. She often talks loudly. 6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift. C. She wants to forget her birthday. D. She doesn’t want to grow old. 7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening. B. The film is not worth seeing at all. C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman. D. The man is very tired from his work. 8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter. C. Hot weather helps people lose weight. D. Light was stronger this morning. 9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary. C. He was not a man of his word. D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party. 10. A. She would rather invite more people to come. B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting. C. The family members always eat a lot. D. They should prepare more food and drinks. Section B (1.5’*10=15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Reasonable. B. A little bit high. C. Hard to afford. D. Quite low. 12 A. Banks. B. Friends. C. Parents. D. Schools. 13. A. Medical schools reduce the tuition. B. Medical schools receive money from the government. C. Medical schools borrow money from banks. D. Medical students study for a shorter time. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It can help to learn how to serve their parents. B. It can help to learn how to become strong and fat. C. Children will benefit from it and prepare themselves for the future. D It can make children more confident and cleverer. 15. A. Broken radios and television sets are useful. B. One’s curiosity may be useful for his later life. C. An engineer must fix many broken radios. D. A good student should spend much time repairing radios. 16. A. The parents’ ideas of educating their children do have some problems. B. The education system in China is less than satisfactory. C. It’s important to develop children’s skills. D. Children’s hobby is a key to success in the future. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Kids should do chores on weekends. B. Parents should help kids with chores. C. Parents feel pride in helping around the house. D. Chores teach children responsibility. 18. A. Kids’ academic achievements will improve. B. Kids’ rooms will be clean and tidy. C. Kids will take care of themselves. D. Kids will finish schoolwork sooner. 19. A. Kids like doing schoolwork. B. Kids don’t need to do chores. C. Kids are spoiled. D. Kids appreciate parents. 20. A. The woman won’t ask her kids to do chores. B. The woman will encourage her kids to do chores. C. The man won’t ask his kids to do chores. D. The man will encourage his kids to study. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A (1’*10=10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Tea Art It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese, ___1___ used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty. Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident ___2___ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like ___3___ (add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people ___4___ (appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ___5___ it is made of tea rather than milk.” Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty, ___6___ tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi. Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine ___7___ (powder) tea creating a mixture. Then more hot water is added slowly ___8___ the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities ___9___ be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today. This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha ___10___ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019. 【答案】1. which 2. has used 3. adding 4. appreciate 5. that 6. when 7. powdered 8. as##when##while 9. can 10. was listed 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 “点茶”艺术的历史以及韩喆明对这一技术的传承与发展。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯茶艺术，或中国的点茶，这曾经是宋朝的一种仪式。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词dian cha进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个指物的关系代词，代替先行词dian cha在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词which。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的六年里，这位40岁的上海居民用茶和勺子在古画的基础上创作了近200个图案。根据句意和所给动词use分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语over the past six years可知，该句子应该用现在完成时；再根据主语the 40-year-old Shanghai resident可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has used。 【3题详解】 考查动名词。句意：韩说“这就像在茶里加上铃铛和口哨，给人一种更强的场合感，所以喝茶更有趣”。根据句意和所给动词add以及空格前的介词like分析句子可知，空格处应该填入动名词adding作介词like的宾语。故填adding。 【4题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：这也是他想让古老的仪式回归现代生活，让更多人欣赏它的魅力。根据句意和所给动词appreciate以及空格前的使役动词have分析句子可知，此处是考查固定搭配have somebody do something“让某人做某事”，其中do是省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填appreciate。 【5题详解】 考查连词。句意：它类似于一杯咖啡上面的泡沫，只是它是由茶而不是牛奶制成的。根据空格前的except和空格后的句子可知，空格处应该填入一个连词引导宾语从句，因为空格后的句子是一个完整的句子，且句意完整，所以该连词只起连接作用，没有任何意义。故填that。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶几乎成为每个人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋政治家和思想家王安石所说的，茶就像大米、油和盐等其他必需品一样。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Song Dynasty进行限定说明，因为从句中缺少时间状语，所以空格处应该填入关系副词when。故填when。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这个过程开始于将热水倒在茶叶粉末上，形成糊状。根据句意和所给名词powder以及空格后的名词tea分析句子可知，空格处应该填入powder的形容词形式powdered“粉状的”作定语，修饰后面的名词tea。故填powdered。 【8题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：然后慢慢加入更多的热水，同时不断手拿竹签搅动茶叶。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个时间状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词引导时间状语从句，所以应该用连词as、when或while。故填as/when/while。 【9题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：有人认为，这种方法后来传播到包括日本在内的东亚其他地区，与今天抹茶的制作方式十分相似。根据句意和空格后的be分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个助动词或情态动词，且意义为“能够”，所以应该用情态动词can。故填can。 【10题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这种倒热水的动作叫点，故名点茶，2019年被列入江苏省镇江市润州区非物质文化遗产。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语in 2019可知，该句子应该用一般过去时；主语the name dian cha和动词list之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，主语是单数。故填was listed。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. urged B. intention C. practically D. criticisms E. willingly F. pressing G. assumption H. somehow I. launch J. aware K. regulate In the ever- evolving landscape of technology and society, urgent issues arise that demand our attention and prompt us to take action. Recently, a new issue has come to light, which has been widely criticized by various stakeholders. This issue, if not addressed, could have far- reaching consequences. ____11____ of the gravity of the situation, a group of concerned citizens decided to ____12____ a campaign to raise awareness. Their aim was not merely to criticize the status quo but to offer practical solutions that could be implemented to ____13____ the problem effectively. They believed that with a collective will, the community could persist in finding a way to resolve the issue, even if it seemed insurmountable. The campaign ____14____ individuals and organizations to take a stand and contribute to the process. They emphasized that everyone had a role to play, regardless of their background or expertise. The ____15____ was that by working together, the community could find a way to overcome the challenges and create a better future. The group’s process was transparent and inclusive. They welcomed ideas from all quarters and were willing to adjust their approach based on feedback. They generally encouraged frequent discussions and debates to ensure that all perspectives were considered. This open- mindedness was key to their success. ____16____ speaking, the group faced numerous obstacles. However, they did not let these deter them. Instead, they used each setback as an opportunity to learn and improve. Their persistence paid off as they managed to garner support from influential figures who could help press the issue further. The campaign was not without its critics. Some questioned the group’s assumptions and intentions, arguing that their approach was flawed. Despite these ____17____, the group remained steadfast, believing that their cause was just and that change was necessary. In the end, the group’s efforts were not in vain. Their persistence and willingness to engage with the community ____18____ managed to bring about a shift in public opinion. The issue was no longer ignored but was now at the forefront of public discourse. The group’s work served as a reminder that change is possible when individuals come together with a shared ____19____ to make a difference. This story illustrates the power of collective action and the importance of addressing ______20______ issues head-on. It shows that with determination, collaboration, and a willingness to adapt, even the most complex problems can be tackled. It is a testament to the fact that when we work together, we can overcome challenges and create a better world for all. 【答案】11. J 12. I 13. K 14. A 15. G 16. C 17. D 18. H 19. B 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了面对急需解决的紧迫问题，一群关心的公民决定发起一场提高认识的运动。该运动敦促个人和组织表明立场，为这一进程做出贡献。该组织的坚持和与社区互动的意愿成功地改变了公众舆论，也说明了集体行动的力量和正面解决紧迫问题的重要性。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：意识到形势的严重性，一群关心的公民决定开展一场提高认识的运动。根据后文“to raise awareness”可知，此处构成固定短语be aware of，表示“意识到”，空处作状语，需用形容词短语， J项aware符合句意。故选J项。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。根据句意以及后文“a campaign”可知，“发起运动”应使用动词空格处缺少动词launch，decide to do sth.为固定搭配，空处需填动词原形。故选I项。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的目的不仅仅是批评现状，而是提供切实可行的解决方案，以有效地规范问题。根据上文“to offer practical solutions”可知，提供解决方案的目的是有效地规范问题。空格处缺少的意思是“规范”，regulate表示“控制，规范”，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选K项。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：该运动敦促个人和组织表明立场，为这一进程做出贡献。根据后文“take a stand and contribute to the process”可知，此处表示的意思是本次运动对个人以及组织的要求，urge表示“敦促”，陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时。故选A项。 15题详解】 考查名词。句意：其目的是通过共同努力，社区可以找到克服挑战和创造更美好未来的方法。根据后文“by working together, the community could find a way to overcome the challenges and create a better future”可知，这是一种假设，空格处缺少的意思是“假设”，名词assumption，符合句意，作主语，结合谓语“was”可知，使用单数形式。故选G项。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：实际上，该组织面临着许多障碍。根据后文“the group faced numerous obstacles”可知，“面临障碍”是事实，空格处缺少的意思是“实际上”，副词practically“实际上地”符合句意，修饰动词speaking。故选C项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管有这些批评，该组织仍然坚定不移，相信他们的事业是正义的，改变是必要的。根据上文“The campaign was not without its critics”可知，空格处缺少的意思是“批评”，名词criticism表示“批评”，作宾语，结合“these”可知，使用名词复数形式。故选D项。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们的坚持和与社区互动的意愿以某种方式促成了公众舆论的转变。根据上文“In the end, the group’s efforts were not in vain”可知，“他们的坚持和与社区互动的意愿”取得了一定的成果。空格处缺少的意思是“以某种方式”，此处为副词作状语，H项somehow符合句意。故选H项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：该小组的工作提醒我们，当个人带着共同的意图走到一起，改变是可能的。根据上文“individuals come together”可知，个人能够走到一起是有共同的目的和意图，空格处需要的意思是“意图”，名词intention表示“意图”，作宾语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这个故事说明了集体行动的力量和正面解决紧迫问题的重要性。根据上文“urgent issues arise”可知，空格处为需要的意思是“紧迫的”，形容词pressing表示“紧迫的”，作定语修饰名词。故选F项。 III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A (1’*15=15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The famous American inventor Thomas Alva Edison once claimed that genius was one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration(汗水). Now, it seems, there is scientific evidence to ___21___ his claim. The idea that geniuses such as Shakespeare, Mozart, and Picasso possessed certain inborn talents is a false belief, according to a study by a British psychologist and his colleagues. After examining outstanding performance in the arts and sports, these researchers concluded that ___22___ is determined by opportunity, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence, and — most important of all —___23___ Even people who were not thought to be ___24___ with any special talent could, after having received training, reach levels ___25___ considered attainable (可获得的) only by gifted individuals. Talent is a false belief, and it is time that people got rid of it, they said. This theory — a dramatic ___26___ with traditional beliefs — has been ___27___ by academics worldwide. In fact, studies of accomplished artists and mathematicians, and top tennis players and swimmers, have reported few early signs of ___28___ in these people before any parental encouragement. No case has been found of anyone reaching the highest levels of achievement without ___29___ himself or herself to thousands of hours of serious training. Even those who are believed to be exceptionally talented — whether in music, mathematics, chess, or sports — have needed lengthy periods of instruction and practice to achieve their highest level of success. The persistent false belief that some people reach high levels of performance without spending numerous hours practicing _____30_____ much to the fact that their practice is usually outside the casual observer’s view, stated one scientist. The importance of practice has been noticed in athletics. For instance, differences in the composition of certain muscles were once thought to be _____31_____ predictors of athletic performance. However, the differences in the proportion of certain muscle fibers(组织) that are _____32_____ for success in long-distance running are largely the result of extended practice in running. “What makes a genius then?” one may ask. _____33_____ , there is no clear answer. What is known, however, is that nurture is at least as important as nature? _____34_____, a supportive environment will do far more for a child’s prospects of success than any inborn gifts. This is a message that most of us will find _____35_____ — even if we haven’t won the gene lottery, our fate is still in our own hands. 21. A. make B. challenge C. support D. dismiss 22. A. excellence B. harmony C. negotiation D. response 23. A. education B. practice C. fortune D. character 24. A. satisfied B. concerned C. decorated D. gifted 25. A. preciously B. practically C. previously D. primarily 26. A. break B. association C. partnership D. relief 27. A. doubted B. concluded C. mentioned D. applauded 28. A. accomplishment B. treasure C. diligence D. inspiration 29. A. adapting B. attaching C. linking D. devoting 30. A. carries B. leaves C. owes D. connects 31. A. creative B. reliable C. natural D. active 32. A. essential B. suitable C. possible D. feasible 33. A. Unlikely B. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately 34. A. To sum up B. In other words C. For example D. In addition 35. A. misleading B. puzzling C. comforting D. amusing 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了研究的新发现：天赋不是成功的唯一因素，通过不断的强化练习也可以成功。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，似乎有科学证据支持他的说法。A. make使得，制造；B. challenge挑战C. support支持；D. dismiss解散，解雇。分析上下文，下文提到“莎士比亚、莫扎特和毕加索等天才具有天生才能的观点是错误”。同时后文提到了通过“练习”可以实现某些成就。因此此处表示科学证据来 “支持”他的说法。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在考察了在艺术和体育方面的杰出表现后，这些研究人员得出结论，优秀是由机会、鼓励、训练和动机决定的。A. excellence优秀；B. harmony和谐；C. negotiation谈判；D. response响应。分析上下文，划线前提到是对艺术和体育方面的“杰出”表现进行考查。故此处得出的结论也应是“优秀”由很多因素决定。故选A项。 23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：卓越取决于机会、鼓励、训练、动力、自信，以及——最重要的——实践。A. education教育；B. practice实践；C. fortune运气，财富；D. character性质，品质。分析上下文，前文提及“卓越取决于机会、鼓励、训练、动力、自信”可知，此处的“实践”也是排除“天赋”成为优秀的条件之一。同时此处也和倒数第二段倒数第一行的practice构成呼应。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是那些被认为没有任何特殊天赋的人，在经过训练之后，也能达到以前认为只有天才才能达到的水平。A. satisfied感到满意的；B. concerned有关的；C. decorated装饰的；D. gifted有天赋的。be gifted with“有……的天赋”，是固定短语。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在经过训练之后，也能达到以前认为只有天才才能达到的水平。A. preciously珍贵地；B. practically实际地C. previously以前，先前；D. primarily首先，主要地。分析上下文，此处强调的是经过训练后，被认为没有任何天赋的人也能获得一些之前认为的只有那些天才才能获得的成就。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一理论——对传统信仰的戏剧性突破——得到了全世界学术界的赞誉。A. break突破；B. association协会，联盟；C. partnership合伙；D. relief减轻，接触。分析上下文可知，研究者的这一观点是对传统的看法的突破。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一理论——对传统信仰的戏剧性突破——得到了全世界学术界的赞誉。A. doubted怀疑；B. concluded结论；C. mentioned提及；D. applauded赞同。分析上下文，根据后文的对艺术家，数学家，运动员的举例可知，就是为了说明这一理论得到了很多人包括全世界学术界的认可。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对有成就的艺术家、数学家、顶级网球运动员和游泳运动员的研究表明，在父母的鼓励之前，这些人几乎没有取得成就的早期迹象。A. accomplishment成就；B. treasure财富；C. diligence勤奋；D. inspiration灵感，启发。分析上下文，划线前提到“有成就的艺术家、数学家、顶级网球运动员和游泳运动员”，所以此处是把后来的成就和早期进行对比。认为在父母鼓励之前，他们没有取得成就的早期现象。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有发现任何人在不投入数千小时的认真训练的情况下就能达到最高成就的案例。A. adapting改编，适应；B. attaching附上，依恋；C. linking联系，相关联；D. devoting致力于。Devote…to“投身于，致力于”，是固定短语。分析上下文，此处强调的是必须将自己投身于训练中才有可能成功。后句通过举例在音乐、数学、国际象棋或体育方面极具天赋的人的例子来佐证这个观点。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名科学家说，人们一直错误地认为，有些人不需要花费大量的时间练习就能达到高水平的表现，这很大程度上是因为他们的练习通常不在一般观察者的视野之内。A. carries携带；B. leaves离开；C. owes把……归功于；D. connects连接，联合。owe…to“将……归咎于”，是固定短语。分析句意，此处表达的是，可以将很多人的误解归咎于天才们的练习一般观察者的视野之内。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，某些肌肉组成的差异曾被认为是运动表现的可靠预测因素。A. creative有创意的；B. reliable可靠的；C. natural自然的；D. active活跃的。分析上下文，句中的“某些肌肉组成的差异”指的就是所谓的“天赋”。前文提到“天赋”是成功的关键因素。故此处认为某些肌肉组成的差异是运动表现的可靠因素。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，某些对长跑成功至关重要的肌肉纤维所占比例的差异，很大程度上是长期跑步练习的结果。A. essential重要的；B. suitable适合的；C. possible可能的；D. feasible可行的，可能的。分析上下文，该段第一句话提到“在田径运动中，练习的重要性已经得到了重视”。此处呼应上文，此处表示长期跑步练习是成功的关键。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“那么是什么造就了天才呢？”有人可能会问。不幸的是，没有明确的答案。A. Unlikely未必；B. Similarly类似地；C. Hopefully有希望地D. Unfortunately不幸地。分析上下文，前面提出一个问题，后面却表示没有明确的答案，由此可知，此处应表示“不幸地”。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，对一个孩子的成功前景来说，一个支持性的环境比任何天生的天赋都更有帮助。A. To sum up总之；B. In other words换言之；C. For example例如；D. In addition另外，此外。分析上下文，前句提到“然而，我们所知道的是，教养至少和天性同等重要”，而空后的内容和前句表达同一个意思，是对前句进行解读。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个让我们大多数人感到欣慰的消息——即使我们没有赢得基因彩票，我们的命运仍然掌握在我们自己的手中。A. misleading误导的；B. puzzling令人费解的；C. comforting令人欣慰的；D. amusing有趣的。分析上下文，根据破折号后的内容，尽管我们决定不了基因但是我们的命运还是在我们手中，所以这是令人欣慰的消息。故选C项。 Section B (2’*11=22’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Work your brain! Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food. The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orange­flavored drinks. Its complexity are stunning, far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age. “It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.” Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health: Nutrition Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage (格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar. Exercise Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day. Mental games Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better. 36. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ______. A. inform us how the brain works B. give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy C. tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives D. show how special the brain is to us 37. The underlined word “stunning” means ______. A. interesting B. strange C. significant D. amazing 38. According to the text, more exercise ______. A. keeps our mind sharp B. helps improve our memory C. gives our brain a rest D. is good for brain cells communicating with each other 39. In order to keep brain healthy, we should avoid ______. A. eating a good lunch B. doing puzzles C. eating a large supper D. taking aerobic exercise 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了给大脑保健的方法：合理的营养、适度的运动和智力活动。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一、二段介绍大脑的神奇，意在唤起读者对于大脑的赞叹并为下文“大脑保健”进行铺垫。在根据第三段“To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated.(为了保持这一艺术作品的完美，我们需要正确的饮食、锻炼和保持精神上的刺激。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是给我们关于如何保持大脑健康的建议。故选B。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。文章前半部分介绍了大脑的精巧和复杂。再根据划线词后半句“far beyond anything most of us can imagine.(远远超出了我们大多数人的想象。)”可知，大脑的精巧和复杂性远远超出人们的想象，令人惊叹。所以划线词stunning为“令人惊叹的”之意。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. (运动可以刺激我们大脑中的一种激素，从而提高记忆力。)”可知，运动可刺激大脑里有助于改善记忆的荷尔蒙的分泌，从而帮助提高我们的记忆力。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。从表格中“For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar.(早餐要吃得像个国王；午餐时，像女王一样；为了晚餐，像个乞丐。)”可知，给大脑保健所需要的合理营养要求早饭、午饭吃好，避免丰盛的晚餐。故选C。 (B) New big pack from Sierra Designs The latest pack from Sierra Designs is the Gigawatt 60L. The pack has an adjustable back system that fits back lengths from 40cm to 53cm. It’s made from durable 300D polyester. Features include a zipped top and side access, oversized side and front pockets. The Gigawatt 60L weighs 1.84kg and costs £130. sierradesigns.com Scarpa upgrades its Maestrale boots Maestrale Re-Made ski boots are made from Polymer taken from around three tons of leftover materials. Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits(排放) 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a “classic” boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew, which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. The design and manufacturing process behind the Re-Made boot were developed by Scarpa’s Green Lab, the production department dedicated to sustainable solutions. A pair costs £500. scarpa.co.uk/ellis-brigham.com Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update The well-established Vasque Breeze hiking boot has been modernised with environmentally friendly materials. It’s now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. The Breeze is also comfortable to wear with its soft footbed. The Breeze weighs 1120 grams and comes in two widths. It costs £140. vasque.com The North Face launches new ski touring clothing The Dawn Turn clothing provides a layering system for ski touring designed to keep you warm, dry and freely moving. It includes a shell jacket, midlayers, trousers and accessories. The Dawn Turn 2.0 jacket won the innovation award at ISPO for its breathable layer. The cost is £350. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket is made from waterproof DryVent. It features a windproof hood and oversized front pockets, and costs £325. thenorthface.co.uk 40. Who might be the target readers of the passage? A. The ski athletes. B. The environmentalists. C. The fabric producers. D. The outdoor lovers. 41. In the ski boots production, which order is correct in terms of the carbon dioxide emissions? A. Polymer>Pebax Renew>Fossil-based Plastics B. Fossil-based Plastics> Polymer>Pebax Renew C. Fossil-based Plastics>Pebax Renew>Polymer D. Polymer>Fossil-based Plastics>Pebax Renew 42. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket won the innovation award at ISPO. B. The Vasque Breeze hiking boot is both eco-friendly and waterproof. C. The latest big pack from Sierra Designs has a fixed back system. D. Both kinds of boots mentioned in the passage have two different widths. 【答案】40. D 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Sierra Designs、Scarpa、Vasque和The North Face等品牌推出的新产品，这些产品不仅注重功能性，还强调环保和可持续性。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The pack has an adjustable back system that fits back lengths from 40cm to 53cm. (背包有一个可调节的背部系统，适合40cm至53cm的背部长度)”可知，目标读者可能是对户外活动有兴趣，并且需要一个能够适应不同体型的背包的户外爱好者。故选D项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a 'classic' boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew, which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. (用聚合物制作Re-Made靴子比用植物基Pebax Rnew制作“经典”靴子少排放27%的二氧化碳，而Pebax Rnew比化石基塑料少排放32%的二氧化碳)”可知，从二氧化碳排放量来看，正确的顺序是化石基塑料 > Pebax Renew > 聚合物。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The Breeze is now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. (Breeze现在使用回收聚酯纤维制作，并且是第一个带有由25%回收材料制成的VasqueDry防水膜的靴子)”可知，Vasque Breeze徒步靴既环保又防水。故选B项。 (C) Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for troublesome employees’ opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she anonymously wrote about the characteristics of her job and coworkers. The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on potential employees. A New York Times article reported that many companies recruiting (招募) on college campuses use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks. Although the use of MySpace or Google to investigate a student’s background is somewhat upsetting to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alumni. Company employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet— especially Facebook— for student misconduct. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook. Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences. 43. The main purpose of the passage is to _________. A. explain the growth of the digital world through from the aspect of privacy B. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself C. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacy D. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information 44. The author implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _________. A. know to whom you make your online information available B. avoid uploading information that would be damaging if it were discovered C. carefully select and limit who can view your electronic profile D. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you 45. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the last paragraph and the other paragraphs? A. It offers detailed examples to support previous point s of view. B. It summarizes the points of view in the previous paragraphs. C. It provides suggestions to solve the previously mentioned problems. D. It offers evidence to make the previous point s of view clearer. 46. According to the passage, which of following does the writer imply? A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permissible in court. B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online. C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it. D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself causes no risk. 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。越来越多的Facebook等网站用户开始意识到在线身份的潜在隐患，为了避免经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果，文章提供了一些简单的安全防范措施。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them.(虽然像Facebook和MySpace这样的网站在21世纪第一个十年的中期经历了不断增长，但一些用户没有意识到他们在网上发布的信息可能会反过来给他们带来麻烦)”以及最后一段“Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.(虽然越来越多的Facebook等网站用户开始意识到在线身份的潜在隐患，但许多普通用户仍然没有采取三个基本的安全防范措施。首先，只将您的信息提供给您认可的特定人员。其次，定期搜索可能是错误发布的或由心怀不满的前同事发布的关于自己的潜在有害信息。第三，永远不要以你的名义或在你的页面上发布冒犯性的材料，因为尽管有最好的预防措施，这些材料很可能会传播到更广阔的世界。通过采取这些简单的步骤，数字世界的成员可以意识到电子社区的许多好处，而不会经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果)”可知，本文写作目的是讨论数字世界的风险，并提出保护自己的方法。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.(虽然越来越多的Facebook等网站用户开始意识到在线身份的潜在隐患，但许多普通用户仍然没有采取三个基本的安全防范措施。首先，只将您的信息提供给您认可的特定人员。其次，定期搜索可能是错误发布的或由心怀不满的前同事发布的关于自己的潜在有害信息。第三，永远不要以你的名义或在你的页面上发布冒犯性的材料，因为尽管有最好的预防措施，这些材料很可能会传播到更广阔的世界。通过采取这些简单的步骤，数字世界的成员可以意识到电子社区的许多好处，而不会经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果)”可知，作者暗示用户应该采取的行动来保护他们的在线隐私不包括和雇主谈谈，告诉他们任何关于你的错误信息。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.(首先，只将您的信息提供给您认可的特定人员。其次，定期搜索可能是错误发布的或由心怀不满的前同事发布的关于自己的潜在有害信息。第三，永远不要以你的名义或在你的页面上发布冒犯性的材料，因为尽管有最好的预防措施，这些材料很可能会传播到更广阔的世界。通过采取这些简单的步骤，数字世界的成员可以意识到电子社区的许多好处，而不会经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果)”可知，最后一段为解决上述问题提供了建议。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Company employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet— especially Facebook— for student misconduct. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.(虽公司老板并不是唯一对大学生生活感兴趣的人。社交网站的第三个意外用途是监控互联网（尤其是Facebook）学生不当行为的大学管理者。例如，波士顿后湾的一所大学开除了学生政府协会主席，因为他加入了一个高度批评校园警察的Facebook小组。此外，北卡罗莱纳州一所州立大学的15名学生因Facebook上出现的照片而面临未成年人饮酒的指控)”可知，法庭允许提供非本意从互联网上获得的信息。故选A。 Section C (2’*4=8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Best Language for Math What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it. Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries. ___47___ Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University. Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” — spoken with the “ten” first. ___48___ English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English-number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). ___49___ It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. ___50___ Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract. Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you! A. So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly. B. The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors. C. Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades. D This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems. E. Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently. F. That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10. 【答案】47. C 48. F 49. B 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中文、日文和韩文等语言在数学表达上相较于英语的优越性，主要体现在数字词汇的简洁性和对数学概念表达的清晰性上。 【47题详解】 下文“Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.(研究人员包括西北大学教育学院教授Karen Fuson和德克萨斯A&M大学中国数学教育专家Li Yeping)”提到了一些研究中文和英文在数学表达上差异的研究人员，C选项“Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades. (特别是中文和英文之间的差异，已经研究了几十年)”引出下文，说明中文和英文之间的差异已经被研究多年，与下文提到的研究人员相呼应。故选C项。 【48题详解】 上文“English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” — spoken with the “ten” first.(英语中每个数字都有独立命名，而中文(以及日语、韩语等语言)则采用“十一”(先说“十”再说“一”)这样的组合表达方式)”对比了英语和中文等语言在表达数字上的差异，F选项“That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10.(这使得孩子们更容易理解位值，也清楚地表明数字系统是基于10的单位)”进一步解释了中文等语言在表达数字上的优势，即更容易让孩子理解位值的概念，并且清楚地表明数字系统是基于10的单位，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English-number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法).(英语中超过10的数字单词未能明确标示数位。表示“十几”的数字单词颠倒了个位数与“十”的顺序，这容易导致儿童混淆，例如将17与71弄混。因此，使用英语数字单词的儿童在进行多位数加减法时会更加困难)”可知，本句介绍了英语数词在表达上的不清晰导致的问题，B选项“The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.(解决问题所需的额外思维步骤会导致更多错误)”进一步解释了这种不清晰如何导致孩子在数学运算中出错，符合语境。故选B项。 【50题详解】 上文“It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4(对于说中文的人来说，使用“凑十”加减法策略比说英语的人更自然。当把两个数字相加时，学生把数字分解成几部分，然后把它们重新组合成十和一。例如，9加5变成9加1加4)”介绍了中文使用者在进行加减法时更倾向于使用“凑十”策略，D选项“This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.(这种方法是解决更高级的多位数加减法问题的有力工具)”承接上文，说明这种方法是解决更高级的多位数加减法问题的有力工具，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 IV. Summary Writing (10%) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Becoming an Attractive Employee The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers. For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise(专业技能)in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments. Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee?" In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了年轻人如何吸引他们未来的雇主。首先，他们需要展示自己在信息技术方面的知识和技能。第二，他们应该在简历中包含反映他们合作精神和目标导向的经历。最后，他们需要采取正确的态度，也就是考虑未来雇主的期望。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① …it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. ② For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. ③ They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. ④ Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. ⑤ Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. ⑥ In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee?" 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 They need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. They should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. 【点睛】[高分句型1] They should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented.该句运用了定语从句和宾语从句对要点4进行了重组，使句子结构复杂高级； [高分句型2] they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.该句用“that is, …”引出了同位关系，对要点5和6进行了整合，表意清晰，言简意赅。 V. Translation. (20%) 52. 我们已经意识到日常生活中的每件小事都会对环境有影响。(difference) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We have realized that every little thing in our daily life will make a difference to the environment. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态、宾语从句和短语。表示“已经意识到”用现在完成时，表示“意识到”用realize，后面跟that引导的宾语从句，表示“日常生活中的每件小事”用every little thing in our daily life，表示“都会”用will，后用动词原形，表示“对环境有影响”用make a difference to the environment。故翻译为We have realized that every little thing in our daily life will make a difference to the environment. 53. 我们没有想到由于经济危机， 这家公司已不复存在。(occur，cease) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It didn't occur to us that due to the economic crisis, this company had ceased to exist. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句、动词短语以及时态。根据句意，本句可以写成中从复合句。主句陈述过去事实，使用一般过去时。“某人想到……”使用动词occur构成的固定句型It occurred to sb that+从句，“我们没有想到”可以翻译成It didn't occur to us。that引导主语从句。“这家公司”是从句主语，英语是this company，“不复存在”的英语可以使用动词cease构成短语cease to exist，是谓语部分，是发生在过去的事情，主句是一般过去时，此处应使用过去完成时had ceased to exist。“经济危机”的英语是the economic crisis，用作原因状语，可以使用介词短语due to，故翻译为It didn't occur to us that due to the economic crisis, this company had ceased to exist. 54. 他们刚刚发起那项活动就筹到了帮助盲人的善款。(Hardly) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Hardly had they launched the campaign when they raised money to help the blind. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和短语、倒装句。表示“一……就……”用hardly…when…句型，Hardly要放在句首，后面用部分倒装，用过去完成时，表示“发起活动”用launch the campaign，when引导的从句用一般过去时，表示“筹集帮助盲人的善款”用raise money to help the blind。故翻译为Hardly had they launched the campaign when they raised money to help the blind. 55. 结果，是一位受过良好教育的学生与我们分享他在地震灾区的志愿者经历。(turn out, 强调句) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a result, it was a well-educated student who shared with us his volunteer experience in the quake-hit area.或It turned out that a well-educated student shared with us his volunteer experience in the quake-hit area. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语，动词短语和定语从句。根据所给中文提示词，“结果”可以用介词短语as a result或用turn out，用强调句it was...who或主语从句it turned out that，主语a well-educated student 表示“一位受过良好教育的学生”，“和某人分享”是share with，描述的是已发生的事用一般过去时，宾语是us，“他的志愿者经历”译为his volunteer experience，也作宾语，“在地震灾区”，译为 in the quake-hit area。故译为：As a result, it was a well-educated student who shared with us his volunteer experience in the quake-hit area.或It turned out that a well-educated student shared with us his volunteer experience in the quake-hit area. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 零陵中学2024学年第一学期期中试卷 高二英语 (满分120分，考试时间90分钟) I. Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A (1’*10=10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe. 2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition. 3. A.50 minutes. B.25 minutes. C. An hour and a quarter. D. An hour and a half. 4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm. C. The woman will take the next train. D. The woman has to wait for the train. 5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking. C. She is always very frank. D. She often talks loudly. 6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift. C. She wants to forget her birthday. D. She doesn’t want to grow old. 7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening. B. The film is not worth seeing at all. C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman. D. The man is very tired from his work. 8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter. C. Hot weather helps people lose weight. D. Light was stronger this morning. 9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary. C. He was not a man of his word. D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party. 10. A. She would rather invite more people to come. B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting. C. The family members always eat a lot. D. They should prepare more food and drinks. Section B (1.5’*10=15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Reasonable. B. A little bit high. C. Hard to afford. D. Quite low. 12. A. Banks. B. Friends. C. Parents. D. Schools. 13. A. Medical schools reduce the tuition. B. Medical schools receive money from the government. C Medical schools borrow money from banks. D. Medical students study for a shorter time. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It can help to learn how to serve their parents. B. It can help to learn how to become strong and fat. C. Children will benefit from it and prepare themselves for the future. D. It can make children more confident and cleverer. 15. A. Broken radios and television sets are useful. B. One’s curiosity may be useful for his later life. C. An engineer must fix many broken radios. D. A good student should spend much time repairing radios. 16. A. The parents’ ideas of educating their children do have some problems. B. The education system in China is less than satisfactory. C. It’s important to develop children’s skills. D. Children’s hobby is a key to success in the future. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Kids should do chores on weekends. B. Parents should help kids with chores. C. Parents feel pride in helping around the house. D. Chores teach children responsibility. 18. A. Kids’ academic achievements will improve. B. Kids’ rooms will be clean and tidy. C. Kids will take care of themselves. D. Kids will finish schoolwork sooner. 19. A. Kids like doing schoolwork. B. Kids don’t need to do chores. C. Kids are spoiled. D. Kids appreciate parents. 20. A. The woman won’t ask her kids to do chores. B. The woman will encourage her kids to do chores. C. The man won’t ask his kids to do chores. D. The man will encourage his kids to study. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A (1’*10=10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Tea Art It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese, ___1___ used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty. Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident ___2___ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like ___3___ (add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people ___4___ (appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ___5___ it is made of tea rather than milk.” Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty, ___6___ tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi. Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine ___7___ (powder) tea creating a mixture. Then more hot water is added slowly ___8___ the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities ___9___ be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today. This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha ___10___ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019. Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. urged B. intention C. practically D. criticisms E. willingly F. pressing G. assumption H. somehow I. launch J. aware K. regulate In the ever- evolving landscape of technology and society, urgent issues arise that demand our attention and prompt us to take action. Recently, a new issue has come to light, which has been widely criticized by various stakeholders. This issue, if not addressed, could have far- reaching consequences. ____11____ of the gravity of the situation, a group of concerned citizens decided to ____12____ a campaign to raise awareness. Their aim was not merely to criticize the status quo but to offer practical solutions that could be implemented to ____13____ the problem effectively. They believed that with a collective will, the community could persist in finding a way to resolve the issue, even if it seemed insurmountable. The campaign ____14____ individuals and organizations to take a stand and contribute to the process. They emphasized that everyone had a role to play, regardless of their background or expertise. The ____15____ was that by working together, the community could find a way to overcome the challenges and create a better future. The group’s process was transparent and inclusive. They welcomed ideas from all quarters and were willing to adjust their approach based on feedback. They generally encouraged frequent discussions and debates to ensure that all perspectives were considered. This open- mindedness was key to their success. ____16____ speaking, the group faced numerous obstacles. However, they did not let these deter them. Instead, they used each setback as an opportunity to learn and improve. Their persistence paid off as they managed to garner support from influential figures who could help press the issue further. The campaign was not without its critics. Some questioned the group’s assumptions and intentions, arguing that their approach was flawed. Despite these ____17____, the group remained steadfast, believing that their cause was just and that change was necessary. In the end, the group’s efforts were not in vain. Their persistence and willingness to engage with the community ____18____ managed to bring about a shift in public opinion. The issue was no longer ignored but was now at the forefront of public discourse. The group’s work served as a reminder that change is possible when individuals come together with a shared ____19____ to make a difference. This story illustrates the power of collective action and the importance of addressing ______20______ issues head-on. It shows that with determination, collaboration, and a willingness to adapt, even the most complex problems can be tackled. It is a testament to the fact that when we work together, we can overcome challenges and create a better world for all. III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A (1’*15=15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The famous American inventor Thomas Alva Edison once claimed that genius was one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration(汗水). Now, it seems, there is scientific evidence to ___21___ his claim. The idea that geniuses such as Shakespeare, Mozart, and Picasso possessed certain inborn talents is a false belief, according to a study by a British psychologist and his colleagues. After examining outstanding performance in the arts and sports, these researchers concluded that ___22___ is determined by opportunity, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence, and — most important of all —___23___ Even people who were not thought to be ___24___ with any special talent could, after having received training, reach levels ___25___ considered attainable (可获得的) only by gifted individuals. Talent is a false belief, and it is time that people got rid of it, they said. This theory — a dramatic ___26___ with traditional beliefs — has been ___27___ by academics worldwide. In fact, studies of accomplished artists and mathematicians, and top tennis players and swimmers, have reported few early signs of ___28___ in these people before any parental encouragement. No case has been found of anyone reaching the highest levels of achievement without ___29___ himself or herself to thousands of hours of serious training. Even those who are believed to be exceptionally talented — whether in music, mathematics, chess, or sports — have needed lengthy periods of instruction and practice to achieve their highest level of success. The persistent false belief that some people reach high levels of performance without spending numerous hours practicing _____30_____ much to the fact that their practice is usually outside the casual observer’s view, stated one scientist. The importance of practice has been noticed in athletics. For instance, differences in the composition of certain muscles were once thought to be _____31_____ predictors of athletic performance. However, the differences in the proportion of certain muscle fibers(组织) that are _____32_____ for success in long-distance running are largely the result of extended practice in running. “What makes a genius then?” one may ask. _____33_____ , there is no clear answer. What is known, however, is that nurture is at least as important as nature? _____34_____, a supportive environment will do far more for a child’s prospects of success than any inborn gifts. This is a message that most of us will find _____35_____ — even if we haven’t won the gene lottery, our fate is still in our own hands. 21. A. make B. challenge C. support D. dismiss 22 A. excellence B. harmony C. negotiation D. response 23. A. education B. practice C. fortune D. character 24. A. satisfied B. concerned C. decorated D. gifted 25. A. preciously B. practically C. previously D. primarily 26. A. break B. association C. partnership D. relief 27. A. doubted B. concluded C. mentioned D. applauded 28. A. accomplishment B. treasure C. diligence D. inspiration 29. A. adapting B. attaching C. linking D. devoting 30. A. carries B. leaves C. owes D. connects 31. A. creative B. reliable C. natural D. active 32. A. essential B. suitable C. possible D. feasible 33. A. Unlikely B. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately 34. A. To sum up B. In other words C. For example D. In addition 35. A. misleading B. puzzling C. comforting D. amusing Section B (2’*11=22’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Work your brain! Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food. The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orange­flavored drinks. Its complexity are stunning far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age. “It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.” Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health: Nutrition Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage (格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar. Exercise Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day. Mental games Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better. 36. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ______. A. inform us how the brain works B. give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy C. tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives D. show how special the brain is to us 37. The underlined word “stunning” means ______. A. interesting B. strange C. significant D. amazing 38. According to the text, more exercise ______. A. keeps our mind sharp B. helps improve our memory C. gives our brain a rest D. is good for brain cells communicating with each other 39. In order to keep brain healthy, we should avoid ______. A. eating a good lunch B. doing puzzles C. eating a large supper D. taking aerobic exercise (B) New big pack from Sierra Designs The latest pack from Sierra Designs is the Gigawatt 60L. The pack has an adjustable back system that fits back lengths from 40cm to 53cm. It’s made from durable 300D polyester. Features include a zipped top and side access, oversized side and front pockets. The Gigawatt 60L weighs 1.84kg and costs £130. sierradesigns.com Scarpa upgrades its Maestrale boots Maestrale Re-Made ski boots are made from Polymer taken from around three tons of leftover materials. Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits(排放) 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a “classic” boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. The design and manufacturing process behind the Re-Made boot were developed by Scarpa’s Green Lab, the production department dedicated to sustainable solutions. A pair costs £500. scarpa.co.uk/ellis-brigham.com Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update The well-established Vasque Breeze hiking boot has been modernised with environmentally friendly materials. It’s now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. The Breeze is also comfortable to wear with its soft footbed. The Breeze weighs 1120 grams and comes in two widths. It costs £140. vasque.com The North Face launches new ski touring clothing The Dawn Turn clothing provides a layering system for ski touring designed to keep you warm, dry and freely moving. It includes a shell jacket, midlayers, trousers and accessories. The Dawn Turn 2.0 jacket won the innovation award at ISPO for its breathable layer. The cost is £350. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket is made from waterproof DryVent. It features a windproof hood and oversized front pockets, and costs £325. thenorthface.co.uk 40. Who might be the target readers of the passage? A. The ski athletes. B. The environmentalists. C. The fabric producers. D. The outdoor lovers. 41. In the ski boots production, which order is correct in terms of the carbon dioxide emissions? A. Polymer>Pebax Renew>Fossil-based Plastics B. Fossil-based Plastics> Polymer>Pebax Renew C. Fossil-based Plastics>Pebax Renew>Polymer D. Polymer>Fossil-based Plastics>Pebax Renew 42. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket won the innovation award at ISPO. B. The Vasque Breeze hiking boot is both eco-friendly and waterproof. C. The latest big pack from Sierra Designs has a fixed back system. D. Both kinds of boots mentioned in the passage have two different widths. (C) Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for troublesome employees’ opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she anonymously wrote about the characteristics of her job and coworkers. The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on potential employees. A New York Times article reported that many companies recruiting (招募) on college campuses use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks. Although the use of MySpace or Google to investigate a student’s background is somewhat upsetting to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alumni. Company employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet— especially Facebook— for student misconduct. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook. Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences. 43. The main purpose of the passage is to _________. A. explain the growth of the digital world through from the aspect of privacy B. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself C. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacy D. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information 44. The author implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _________. A. know to whom you make your online information available B. avoid uploading information that would be damaging if it were discovered C. carefully select and limit who can view your electronic profile D. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you 45. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the last paragraph and the other paragraphs? A. It offers detailed examples to support previous point s of view. B. It summarizes the points of view in the previous paragraphs. C. It provides suggestions to solve the previously mentioned problems. D. It offers evidence to make the previous point s of view clearer. 46. According to the passage, which of following does the writer imply? A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permissible in court. B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online. C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it. D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself causes no risk. Section C (2’*4=8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Best Language for Math What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it. Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries. ___47___ Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University. Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” — spoken with the “ten” first. ___48___ English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English-number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). ___49___ It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. ___50___ Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract. Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you! A. So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly. B. The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors. C. Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades. D. This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems. E. Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently. F. That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10. IV. Summary Writing (10%) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Becoming an Attractive Employee The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers. For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise(专业技能)in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments. Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee?" In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation. (20%) 52. 我们已经意识到日常生活中的每件小事都会对环境有影响。(difference) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 我们没有想到由于经济危机， 这家公司已不复存在。(occur，cease) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 他们刚刚发起那项活动就筹到了帮助盲人的善款。(Hardly) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 结果，是一位受过良好教育的学生与我们分享他在地震灾区的志愿者经历。(turn out, 强调句) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $