Unit 8 People and Events Language Practice 语法情态动词课件2024-2025学年高一下学期 中职英语高教版（2023修订版）基础模块1

情态动词 Modal Verbs You are sick . You should sit and rest . 4.具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句以及用于简明答语。 Eg： -- Can you sing an English song? 你会唱英文歌吗？ -- Yes,I can. 是的，我会 1.本身有一定的词义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词与系动词连用，构成谓语。 3.后接动词原型。Eg： You may call me at 1580011236 . 二、情态动词的特征 三、情态动词的用法 一、情态动词的定义 是一种表示语义的单词。用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 2.无人称和数的变化（have to例外）。 can could may might shall should will would must need 情态动词基本含义 can ( could ) 能，会 may (might) 可以，可能 will (would) 将，会，愿意 must 必须 have to不得不 need 需要 sb. need to do sth should应该 had better 最好 had better (not) do sth 1.-______ you speak Japanese ? -No, I can’t A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should 2.You ______ stop when the traffic light is red. A. can B. may C. must D. need 3.LiLei can’t go hiking with us today .Because he___take care of his sick mother . A .has to B .may C. mustn’t D .need ’t A C A can could may might shall should will would must need 整体分类 表请求， 允许 表推测 表遗憾，责备,批评 抱怨等 (高三补充） 总体分类 表请求， 允许 may might 1)--- May I come around in the morning? --- Yes, please do. 2)--- May I leave this with you? --- Yes, you may. 3) You may bring them back Monday. 4) Dogs may not be taken into these carriages. 5) I asked her if I might call and see her. can could 1. Can I come in ? 2. Could you lend me some money? 3. You can have my seat. I’m going now. 4. This sort of thing can’t go on. 表请求， 允许 比较： May I go now? Can we take the books out of the room? 问对方本人意见 问客观上是否允许 shall 1. Shall I turn on the light? 2. Shall we sit here ? 3. Shall the boy wait? = Do you want the boy to wait? 4. Let’s call it a day now , shall we? 表请求， 允许 Shall 用于第一，三人称,构成疑问句，征求对方意见. will would 1. Will /would you type this, please? 2. If you want help, let me know, will you? 3. Won’t you sit down? …….好吗？ 表请求， 允许 表推测 may might 1. He might /may be engaged. 2. He might/ may not be there. 3. They might/may have seen him. 4. He may not have written that letter. 5. I may be going back in the fall. 6. She may be waiting for us. can 1. How can you be so nervous? 2. What can he mean? 3. Can he still be alive after all these years? 4. He can’t be more than thirty. 5. They can’t/ couldn’t have gone out because the light’s on. 6. If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth. 7. What on earth can he be doing? 表推测 比较： 1. He may not have written that letter. 2. They couldn’t have gone out because the light’s on. 表推测 must 1. Judging by the smell , the food must be good. 2. I’m always running into him; he must live quite near here. 3. He must have arrived by air. 4. You must be joking. 5. Tom thought Rose must be looking forward to his return. 表推测 should ought to 表按理应当…… This young man should go far. 2. The new coat ought to be ready on Thursday. 3.You have practiced for a long time, so there ought to be no difficulty for you. 表推测的情态动词的层次比较 词形 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 强弱 must mustn’t should shouldn’t can can’t may may not could couldn’t might might not 强 弱 20 1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 2. You ______ be hungry already ---- you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 3. It is raining very hard. We _________ stay here until the rain stops. A. dare B. must C. have to D. are able to 21 4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ______ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will 5. According to the air traffic rules, you _____ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should 6. ---- I can’t find my purse anywhere. ---- You ______ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would 22 7. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ______ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will 8. ---- She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. ---- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 9. Johnny, you ________ play with the knife. You ________ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 23 10. ---- Are you coming to Jeff’s party? ---- I’m not sur. I _______ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 11. ---- What’s the name? ---- Khulaifi. ______ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 12. ---- Who is the girl standing over there ? ---- Well, if you ______ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 情态动词小结 24 教师1对1 吴雪 13067500309（浙江嘉兴） can could may might shall should will would must need (1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。如： Eg : Can you speak english? 你能说英文吗？ (2)表示请求，允许。多用于口语中，意为“可以”。 相当于may. Eg: You can go now. 你现在可以走了。 (3)表示怀疑或者猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 Eg: Li Hua can’t be in the classroom. 李华不可能在教室里 (4)could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力。 Eg：I could swim when I was seven years old. 当我七岁的时候，我就能游泳了。 (5)以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定形式与否定回答分别用can和can’t；以could开头的的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用could和couldn’t. Eg: ---could you skate last year? 你去年会滑冰吗？ --- Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t (肯定回答否定回答) can ,could的用法 (1) 表示推测，意为“可能，也许”。用于肯定句中 eg: He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能回来。 can 和may 一都可以用来表示征求意见和允许，意为 “可以”。 一般可以互换使用。 (2)表示请求，允许。意为“可以”。 eg:May I borrow your book 我可以借用你的书吗？ May 表示请求。用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句中时，其否定回答为mustn’t，不用may not，意为“不可以，不允许，禁止”。 eg:---May I go now? 我现在能走吗？ --- No, you mustn’t. 不，不可以。 此时，其口语性比较强，要根据实际问题作答。 eg:---May I smoke here ? 我能在这吸烟吗？ --- No, you can’t. 不，你不能。 (3)表示祝愿。 eg: May you success! 祝愿你成功！ May的用法 其词性的判断常为难点： 1、need后加to do 说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定； 2、need后加doing表被动意义；need repairing= need to be repaired 3、如果need后加do，则need为情态动词，用need提问，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。 eg：You needn’t come to school so early. 你不必那么早来学校。 Need的用法 1、表示“必须，应该”。 2、must表示推测时一般用于肯定句，意为“一定”。在否定句和疑问句中一般用can，否定句中也可以用may，但是may not表示“可能不”，can’t表示“不可能”。 eg：There is someone knocking at the door. It must be Jim. 有人在敲门，那一定是Jim 。 3、否定句中，mustn’t表示禁止，意为“不允许”。Must引导的疑问句，肯定回答应该用must，否定回答用needn’t，表示“不需要，不必要”，相当于“don’t have to” eg：----Must I finish this project today? 我今天一定要完成这个项吗？ ---- No, you needn’t 不，你不必。 Must的用法 had better 的用法 “had better+动词原形”表示最好做某事，否定形式为 had better not。 eg： You’d better stay at home. 你最好待在家里。 1、shall用于第一人称表示征求意见、询问。 eg： Shall I open the door? 我可以开门吗？ Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃午饭好吗？ 2、should 常用来表示义务、责任。 eg：We should obey traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。 3、will 可以用来表示询问和请求，也可以用来表达现在时的“意愿”。 eg：Will you pass me the book? 你可以把书递给我一下吗？ we will do anything for you. 我们愿意为你做任何事 4、would用来表示一种意愿和委婉的询问。 eg：Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗？ Shall（should） Will（would） 的用法 四、易混点解析 1、can和be able to can 和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只有现在时和过去时（could），be able to有现在时，过去时和将来时。 eg：1)Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year,but now he can. 吉姆去年不会说汉语，但是现在他会说了。 2) We will be able to comeback next week. 我们下周能回来。 2、can与may表示可能性的区别 1)在肯定句中用may表示可能。 eg: You’d better ask the policeman. He may know. 你最好问警察，他可能知道。 2)在否定句中，如果语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用cannot；如果语气不肯定，表示“可能不”的时候，要用may not。 eg: Mr.Li can’t be in. He has gone to beijing for a holiday. 李老师不在家，他去北京度假了。 3、would / could / should / might / 等过去时有时不表示过去，而是表示一种更委婉的语气。 eg: Would you tell me the way to the park? 您可以告诉我去公园的路吗？ 4、must 和have（has）to must和have（has）to意思均为“必须”，常可互相使用。但是have（has）to是用于强调客观需要，如环境、习惯、急事而要求某人“不得不，只好”，它可以用于多种时态（一般不用于进行时态），且有人称和数的变化。must用于表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”。 eg: We’ll have to ask Zhanghong instead. 我们不得不去问张红了。 We must work hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。 5、maybe和may be may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中；maybe为副词，意为“大概，也许”，相当于perhaps，用于句首。 eg： Maybe he is at home. 他大概在家里。 He may be at home. 他也许在家。 6、can’t和mustn’t 表示否定推测时应该用can’t，表示“不可能”的意思；mustn’t是“禁止，不允许”的意思，不能用来表示推测，而must在肯定句中表推测，意为“一定”。 1.How is your friends coming? -I’m not sure. He ____drive here. A may B. can C. must D. will 2.If the traffic is red ,you ____cross the road .It’s very dangerous . A don’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t A B 3.--Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool. --It ___be very expensive, I never even dream about it . A must B. might C .can’t D. shouldn’t 4.-Must I get up before six o’clock tomorrow morning, Dad? --No, you _____.Tomorrow is Saturday .You may get up later. A mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’ t D. may not A C 5.-How was the youth club last night ,Mark ? -It was great fun .You ____come. A must B. can C. should D. may 6. He needs ____her the truth, the flowers need_______. A. to tell, watered. B tell, to water C. tell, watered D to tell ,watering C D 7. -would you like to come to my birthday party? -I’d love to .But I ___look after my sister. A.must B. can C. have to D. need to 8.-what would you send to your sister as the Chritmas gift? -I haven’t decided yet .I____ send her a hand bag. A. shall B. may C. need D. must C B 9.-shall I tell Bob the news? -No, you ______,I’ve told him already. A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 10.we’d better ___at home .The sun is shining. A. stay B not stay C. staying D. not staying D B 11.-could you please come to the Museum with me this afternoon? -sorry, I____.I have to take a piano lesson . A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t 12.-_____ I go swimming with Dad, Mom? -No, you needn’t .You can stay at home. A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would C C $$