Unit1&Unit2知识点清单2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

八上英语快乐宝典！ Name:__________ 动词用法总结：（变形题一看到加粗单词就这样去变后面的动词！） 1. 后加动词原形的： let +do 动词原形 例：Let's play (play) badminton. can+do 动词原形 = be able to + do 动词原形 will+ do 动词原形 should do sth 应该做某事 make sb. do sth. help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 see（saw） sb do 看见某人经常做某事 hear（heard） sb do 听到某人经常做某事 watch（watched） sb do 看着（观察）某人经常做某事 notice（noticed） sb do 注意某人经常做某事 2. 后加动词 ing 的： like/love/enjoy/+doing 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事 practice doing 练习做某事 about /at / of/ after + doing 介词后+doing have fun doing =have a great/good time doing sth. 做某事很开心 go doing 去做某事 go swimming ，go shopping ，go running... ... do some doing 做点什么 do some cleaning, do some shopping; do some jogging,do some reading spend （时间|金钱） doing sth. 花钱时间或金钱做某事 be interested in (doing) sth. 对(做) …感兴趣 see（saw） sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 hear（heard） sb doing 听到某人正在做某事 watch（watched） sb doing 看着（观察）某人正在做某事 notice（noticed） sb doing 注意某人正在做某事 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 forget doing sth remember doing sth 忘记做过某事（已做） 记得做过某事（已做） mean doing sth 意味着做某事（物作主语） 二、动词 ing 形式的构成： 动词类型 变化规则 单词例子 一般情况下 直接+ing walk-walking look-looking 以不发音的e 结尾 去掉 e 在后面+ing make-making 让 come-coming 来 take-taking 带 have-having 吃、有 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读 闭音节单词 双写这个辅音字母再+ing put-putting 放 win-winning 赢 swim-swimming 游泳 run-running 跑步 get-getting 变 plan-planning 计划 sit-sitting 坐 以 ie 结尾的单词 去掉 ie 在后面+y ing lie-lying(躺） tie-tying（系） 3. 加动词不定式 to do 的有：choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 want to do sth./ want sb. to do sth. 想要做某事/想要某人做某事 would like to do sth. 想要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做.某事 hope to do sth.=wish to do sth 。 希望去做某事 hope sb. to do sth It takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth. 花费某人多长时间去做某事 be willing to do sth. 乐意/愿意做某事 = be ready to do sth. 乐意/准备做某事 be lucky to do sth. 做某事是幸运的 need to do sth 需要做某事 | need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事 plan to do sth =mean to do sth 计划做某事 invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人去做某事 have\has sth to do = There be sth to do 有某事要去做 adj（形容词）+enough to do sth 足够...做某事 be enough to do sth 做某事是足够的。 be +形容词 to do sth 做某事是... ... 的 happen to do sth 碰巧做某事；偶然做某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（未做） remember to do sth 记得去做某事（未做） begin to do sth = start to do sth 开始做某事 decide to do sth. 决定去做某事。 try to do sth 尽量做某事 try one’s best to do sth.= do one’s best to do sth 尽全力去做某事 teach sb to do sth 教某人 seem to do sth 似乎做某事 seem+ adj. 看似... ★不可数名词 不可数名词分类： 液体类 water ，milk... 肉类 meat,beef,pork... 总称 time ，money ，food ，homework 其他 bread ，hair... 1.不可数名词的特点： 不可数名词没有复数形式，前不能有 a ，an；后不能加 s ，es 等； 不可数名词当做单数看待，谓语动词用单数哟 My favorite food is beef. 我最爱的食物是牛肉。 Her hair is short. 她的头发是短的。 2.不可数名词的计量： 不可数名词本身不可数，但是可以用可数的单位去计量它们。 常用的单位有 a piece of 一片；一块，a bottle of 一瓶，a carton of 一盒，箱 ... 如果是复数，那么变复数的就是单位而不是不可数物体本身。 a pair of +(复数可数名词）a pair of 本身就是一双，一对的意思，故有两个 a pair of shoes 一双鞋； a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 如：两片面包 two pieces of bread; 五瓶水 five bottles of water; 八盒牛奶 eight cartons of milk ； 四杯果汁 four glasses of juice ★可数名词 可数名词顾名思义就是可以轻易计算的物体。当只有一个时，前面要用 a ，an 修饰，表示一个。当数量大于 1 时，要将名词变为复数形式。 1.可数名词单数的用法。 a + 辅音音发音开头的可数名词单数 an + 元音音发音开头的可数名词单数 a classmate 一名同学； an apple 一个苹果 a “u ”，an umbrella ; an hour 一个小时;an unhappy;an ideal school;an excellent teacher;an honest boy;an advertisement;an artist. 若可数名词前有 数词>1 ,these（这些）, those（那些）, many,some,lots of,a lot of, plenty of, 则将名词变为复数形式。 2. 可数名词变为复数的方法 一般情况下 +s cake cakes dog dogs 辅音字母加 y 结尾 变 y 为 i, +es story- stories baby -babies family-families library-libraries strawberry-strawberries 以 s,x ，sh, ch 及 x 结 尾的 +es glass -glasses wish -wishes watch- watches box -boxes dress-dresses 以 o 结尾的有生命的+es 无生命的+s +s 或-es hero - heroes 英雄 （爱吃）potato-potatoes tomato -tomatoes radio -radios zoo- zoos video-videos photo -photos 以 f, fe 结尾的 去掉 f, fe 变为 ves “妻子拿刀...” knife-knives wife -wives scarf-scarves shelf -shelves half-halves leaf 叶子-leaves self 自己- selves wolf 狼-wolves 以 th 结尾的词 通常加 s ，有些加 es months（月） baths clothes（衣服） 有些常见的特殊规律： 1.oo 变 ee tooth-teeth 牙齿 ；foot - feet 脚 （注意不是有 oo 的都变); goose-geese mouse-mice 老鼠 2.a-e man-men woman-women 当和别的单词构成复合词时，两者都变 men teachers； women doctors ; women drivers 3. 单复数同形：人鱼鹿羊 people；fish ，goldfish ，deer ，sheep 4. 某国人：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面 Chinese-Chinese 中国人 Japanese-Japanese 日本人 Englishman-Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman-Frenchmen 法国人 American - Americans 美国人 German-Germans 德国人 四个花费用法辨析： 1.take （过去式 took）v. 花费 ①It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间 用法：it 作形式主语，只能表示“花时间 ” 例：It took me two hours to finish the work. 完成这项工作花了我两小时。 ②Sth takes sb some time 某事花某人多少时间 例：The trip took me 3 days 这个旅行花了我三天。 2.cost v. 花费（过去式 cost） sth. cost sb. some money 某物花某人多少钱 用法：物作主语，指“花金钱 ” 例：The pen cost me 100 yuan. 这个钢笔花了我 100 元。 The trip cost us 300 dollars 3.spend v. 度过，花费（过去式 spent） 人作主语，既可以指“花时间 ”也可指“花金钱 ” ①sb. spends time/ money （in）doing sth. 做某事花某人多少时间/多少钱 例：I spent two hours （in）finishing the work. 完成这项工作花了我两小时。 ②sb. spends time/money on sth. 某事/某物花了某人多少时间/多少 例：He spent 100 yuan on this pen. 这只钢笔花了他 100 元。 4.pay v. 支付（过去式 paid） 用法：人作主语，指“花金钱 ” Sb. pays some money for sth. 某人为某物支付多少钱 例：I paid 100 yuan for this pen. 我为这支钢笔支付了 100 元。 Unit 1 Friends 一、 重点词组 1. tell lies 说谎 tell jokes 讲笑话 tell funny jokes tell you funny jokes tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. tell sb. about sth. 单数：tell a lie tell a joke 讲一个笑话 play a joke on sb.跟某人开玩笑 2. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 3. have something to drink 有一些喝的东西 4. keep a secret / keep secrets 保守秘密 5. say a bad word about sb. 讲某人的坏话 =say bad words about sb. 6. call sb. back 给某人回电话 7.fill v.使充满（filled 过去式） fill ... with... 使...充满... We fill the fridge with food.把冰箱装满食物。 be full of 满是… 充满… = be filled with The garden is full of flowers. = The garden is filled with flowers. 这个花园充满花。 8. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事= be ready to do sth. 乐意 / 准备做某事 9.have a good sense of humour = be (very) humorous 有很好的幽默感 10.in a low voice 低声地 in a high voice 高声地 11.qualities of a good friend 一个好朋友的品质 12.share my joy (不可数) / sadness 分享我的快乐/悲伤 13.have problems with .... = have something wrong with... 在某方面有问题 have problems doing sth. 做某事有问题 14. trust sb. 信任某人 15.agree to do sth. 同意做某事 16.be generous to sb.对某人慷慨 be kind to sb 对某人友善 17.make him look smart 使他看起来聪明能干 make me laugh 使我大笑 口 make sb. / sth. + adj. 使某人/某物怎么样 口 make sb. do sth. 18.try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事 19.height n.高度 high adj./adv.高 in height 在高度方面 weight n.重量 weigh v.重... in weight 在体重方面 ①the weight of ...的重量 ②put on weight 发胖 ，增肥 ③lose weight 减肥 二、 重点句子 19.Can I have something to drink? 我能要点喝的吗？ 20. Can I have some more food? 我可以再要一些食物吗？ 21. There is nothing in the fridge. 冰箱里什么也没有。 =There is not anything in the fridge. 22. What qualities are important in good friends? 在好朋友身上什么品质重要？ 23.What makes your friend so special？什么使你的朋友如此特别？ 24.What makes good friends? 什么造就出好朋友？ 25.She wants to be a social worker when she grows up.他长大后想做一名社会工作者。 26.When something worries me, I can always go to her. 当有事困扰我的时候我总能找她。 27.He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男生。 三、 语法点 形容词简称 adj ，形容名词人、物或 to do sth 1.形容词比较级和最高级用法 ①两者进行比较时,用形容词比较级+than（比） 如:My cousin is taller than I am. 我的表哥比我高。 ②比较是三者或三者以上时，用形容词最高级，表示“最 … …”,通常要加定冠词 the。 如:This is the most interesting story in the book.这是这本书里最有趣的故事。 2. 形容词比较级和最高级变化规则： ①一般情况下直接+er 、est short 矮的→shorter →shortest young 年轻的→younger→youngest ②词尾不发音的 e +r 、st nice 好的→nicer → nicest fine 好的→finer → finest cute 可爱的→cuter→cutest ③辅音字母+y 结尾把 y →i ， + er 或 +est easy 容易的→easier → easiest busy 忙的→busier → busiest pretty 漂亮的→prettier → prettiest ④以重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音词尾+er | 双写辅音词尾 + est big 大的→bigger → biggest thin 瘦的→thinner →thinnest （slim/hot/sad/wet） ⑤多音节和部分双音节形容词的比较级是在该词前加 ，最高级是在词前加 。 如：difficult 困难的 → more difficult → most difficult careful 细心的 →more careful→ most careful interesting 有趣的→ more interesting → most interesting ★有些形容词有两种比较级和最高级的变化方式。如: clever 聪明的→cleverer / more clever →cleverest/most clever old 老的→older/elder →oldest/eldest far 远的→ farther/further→ farthest/furthest ★有些形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，需要逐个记忆。如： good → → bad → → many / much → → little → → old → 、 → 、 far → 、 → 、 口诀：两好，三坏，两多，一老一少，还有一个远去了。 作文指导： 【话题呈现】请结合自己的朋友和本单元所学的重点句型，写一篇 80 词英语短文，向同学们介绍一下你的朋友。 【谋篇布局】写作内容包括：外貌、性格、将来的计划、和朋友的对比等等。写作时，同学们除了客观介绍之外， 还应该简要提及自己的观点和态度。当然，你也可以在写作的时候正确地提及你们的喜好和看法，并说 明朋友对于你的意义。 【佳文共赏】 My best friend Jack is my best friend. I first met her five years ago. Jack is tall and slim. He is taller than me but I am slimmer than him.He has short hair. He has a round face and a small nose.They make her look pretty and smart. Jack is a friendly boy. He always has a smile on his face.So he looks happy every day.He is willing to help people. He is patient and helps me with my homework.When I feel bored,I will talk with him because he will tell me funny jokes to make me laugh. It is lucky for me to make friends with him. Jack wants to play with children. He would like to be a teacher when he grows up.I think he will be an excellent teacher.He is important for me. 【译文】杰克是我最好的朋友。我第一次见到他是在五年前。 杰克又高又瘦。他比我高，但我比他瘦。他留着短发。他有一张圆脸和一个小鼻子。 它们使他看起来既漂亮又聪明。 杰克是一个友好的男孩。他脸上总是挂着微笑。所以他每天看起来都很开心。他乐于 助人。他很有耐心，帮助我做作业。当我感到无聊的时候，我会和他聊天，因为他会给我 讲有趣的笑话让我笑。和他交朋友对我来说是幸运的。 杰克想和孩子们一起玩。他长大后想当一名教师。我认为他会成为一名优秀的老师。 他对我很重要。 Unit 2 School life 一、重点词组 1.discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事 2.seem to do sth. 似乎/ 好像做某事 3.offer sb. help 给某人提供帮助 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. offer to do sth. 4.do sports together 一起做运动，一起进行体育活动 5.every time 每次，每回 6.among the three of us 在我们三人当中 7.the number of … … 的数目/ 量 （整体算单数） a number of .... 许多 8.spend time (in) doing /on sth. 在(做) 某事上花时间 9.another half an hour 再过半个小时 10.have... off 休息，放假 have three days off 放三天假 11.at most 至多，不超过 at least 至少 12.at first 起初，首先 = in the beginning 13.keep (on) doing sth. 继续，一直做某事 14.listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事 15.any other student 其他任何学生=the other students 16.a mixed school 一所混合制学校 17.go on a school trip 进行一次学校旅行 18.get/come third in the race 在比赛中获得第三 19.work hard 努力学习/工作 work the hardest 学习/工作最刻苦 hard-working 刻苦的、勤奋的（形容词） practice hard 练习得很刻苦 practice doing练习做某事 重点句型： 1. What’s school like? 学校是什么样子？ 2. Among all my subjects, I like French best. 在所有学科中，我最喜欢法语。 3. Learning foreign languages is fun. 学外语很有趣。 4. I often read more books than my classmates. 我经常比我的同班同学读书读得多。 5. Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. 当我们读有趣的书的时候，时间似乎过得更快。 6. On Friday afternoon, our school ends earlier than usual. 在周五下午，我们放学比平常早。 数量的比较 1. more.... than 比...多 fewer ... than 比...少(可数n.） less ... than 比...少（不可数n） He has more books than me.他的书比我多。 Tom is in fewer clubs than Jack.汤姆参加的俱乐部比杰克少。 We drink less coffee than tea.我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。 2. the most 最多 the fewest 最少（可数n.） the least 最少（不可数n.）。 如:Simon drinks the most milk.西蒙喝的牛奶最多。 She can sing the fewest songs in our class.我们班里她会唱的歌最少。 He finishes the least homework of us three.我们三个人里，他完成的家庭作业最少。 副词的比较级和最高级 副词简称 adv ，用于修饰动词和形容词。 ①一般情况下，直接+er 或+est hard 努力地→harder →hardest high 高高地→higher →highest fast 快地→faster →fastest ②以 ly 结尾的副词，与 more 和 most 一起变为比较级和最高级 slowly 慢地→more slowly →most slowly quickly 快地→more quickly → most quickly carefully 细心地 → more carefully → most carefully comfortably 舒服地→more comfortably →most comfortably successfully 成功地→more successfully →most successfully ③不规则副词 well 好地→better →best badly 坏地→worse →worst far 深远地→farther/further →farthest/furthest My ideal school My ideal school is very big and beautiful.There are many tall trees and flowers in it. I don't like getting up early, so ② my ideal school begins at 9:00 in the morning. I like playing football and singing, so I want to have more time to play in the playground and join some clubs. There are about 20 students in my ideal class. We don't have much homework to do and we have lots of time for ③ our after- school activities. This is my ideal school.④ (2021北部湾经济区) 校园处处都是美，校刊的英文专栏SharingBeauty 以“校园最美之地”为主题征稿，请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 写作要点: 1.你认为校园的哪个地方最美? 2.这个地方在校园的哪个位置? 3.你觉得这个地方很美的两个理由。 写作要求:1.内容必须积极向上，并包含所有要点;2.结构完整，语句流畅，意思清楚、连贯;3.使用正确和较丰富的词汇和语法结构,书写规范;4.文中不得透露个人信息，否则不予评分;5.词数80左右(短文首句已给出，不计入总词数)。 The Most Beautiful Place in My School My school looks beautiful everywhere. The most beautiful place is the library. Here is something about it. First, on the left of the playground, near the school gate is the library, which is very quiet and tidy with all kinds of books.Second, I like it because it's open to every student from 8∶00 a.m. to 10∶00 p.m. We can spend our free time reading books there. Then, I can get much knowledge and know about the world there. It is the main reason（主要原因) why I like the school library. In short, making proper use of (合理利用) the library will certainly help me a lot in the future. It's very lucky for me to have such a good place to study in my school. Dear Alice, I’m very glad to hear from you. Knowing that you’re interested in my after-school activities, I can’t wait to tell you something about them. I have many after-school activities to do, like playing ball games, dancing and playing chess. But my favourite one is playing chess. I’m in the school Chess Club and I play chess after school every day. My father is a chess teacher. So I started playing chess when I was four years old. I think chess is an interesting game. When I play chess, I have to keep thinking about what to do nest. Playing chess makes me more clever. Also, I can forget bad things during a chess game. What about you? What’s your favourite after-school activity? Could you tell me in your next email? Hope to hear from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$