专题44 现在完成时（精讲课件）-备战2025年中考英语语法复习全攻略（全国通用）

时态5-现在完成时 初中英语语法课件 英 英 语 语 堂 堂 课 课 ENGLISH LESSON 1 过去发生的动作对现在的影响或有可能持续到将来产生影响。 发生在过去 产生影响 或持续到将来 过去 现在 将来 1. 现在完成时是跨越过去和现在两个时间段。 2. 动作一定是发生在过去 现在完成时定义 2 2 3 1 现在完成时定义三要素 现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作 一个动作开始于过去并持续到现在 一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生影响 3 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 1. 到目前为止 up to now 2. 最近 recently 3. 近年来 in recent years 4. 过去几天 in the past few days 5. 已经 already 6. 此刻 at the moment 7. 自从 since 8. 直到现在 until now 9. 在过去的一段时间内 over the past period 10. 从未 never 现在完成时的时间标志 11. 现在已经 now 12. 在最近几个月 in the recent months 13. 一直 constantly 14. 在这个星期内 during this week 15. 当前 currently 16. 过去一年 in the past year 17. 近来 lately 18. 在这段时间内 during this period 19. 过去几个星期 in the past few weeks 20. 到目前为止 so far 4 现在完成时结构 肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+... 否定句:主语+haven’t ( have not) +过去分词… 主语+hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词... 疑问句: Have / Has+主语+过去分词...? 特殊疑问词+Have / Has+主语+过去分词...? She has written three letters today. 她今天写了三封信。 They haven’t visited many places. 他们没去很多地方。 He has just hasn’t gone to the store. 他刚刚没去商店。 Has she eaten dinner? 她吃过晚饭了？ How long have you been here? 你来这儿多久了？ 5 现在完成时的用法 1. 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 ‌He has turned off the light.‌ 他已经关灯了‌。 ‌Have you found your pen yet?‌ 你已经找到你的钢笔了吗‌? ‌I have read a book these days.‌ 这几天我一直在看一本书‌。 ‌She has had lunch, so she is not hungry now.‌ 她已经吃过午餐了，所以她现在不饿了‌。 ‌We have seen that film before.‌ 我们之前已经看过那部电影了。‌ 6 现在完成时的用法 2.表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。 ‌I have bought a new bike.‌ 我已经买了一辆新的自行车。 ‌I have already posted the photo.‌ 我已经邮寄出了照片。 ‌He has lived here since 1978.‌ 他自1978年起一直住在这里。 强调我现在有了一辆新车。 强调动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在。‌ 表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻， 持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。 7 现在完成时的用法 3.表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 ‌He has taught in our school for 30 years.‌ 他在我们学校教书已有30年了。 ‌My father has always gone to work by bike.‌ 我父亲一向骑车上班。 ‌I have lived here for three years. 我在这儿已经住了三年了。 8 例词 规律总结 读音规则 play—played—played look—looked—looked 一般直接加-ed ①清辅音后读 /t/，如 helped, laughed ②浊辅音，元音后读/d/，如lived, stayed ③/t/和/d/后读 /Id/，如needed, started move—moved use—used—used 以不发音的e结尾的加-d study—studied—studied carry—carried—carried 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加-ed stop—stopped—stopped fit—fitted—fitted fix—fixed—fixed 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(x除外)结尾的重读闭音节双写结尾字母再加-ed 过去分词的变化（规则） 9 ‌AAA型‌：动词的原形、过去式和过去分词形式相同，如 cut—cut ‌AAB型‌：动词的原形和过去式相同，过去分词不同，如beat—beaten ‌ABA型‌：动词的原形和过去分词相同，过去式不同，如come—come ‌ABB型‌：动词的过去式和过去分词相同，如hang—hung ‌ABC型‌：动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不同，如eat—eaten 不规则动词的过去分词构成类型 be动词的过去分词是been 10 Brian_________ his first tooth. have spend tell break ride leave feel see work sell forget speak get drink meet fall eat be win lose lost lost lose 选择适当的动词完成句子 has lost have spend tell break ride lose I think I ________________ my trousers. leave feel see work sell speak get drink meet fall eat be win forget forgot forgotten forget 选择适当的动词完成句子 have forgotten have spend tell break ride lose Bob and Sue _____ just ____ married. have got leave feel see work sell forget speak drink meet fall eat be win get got got / gotten get 选择适当的动词完成句子 have spend tell ride lose Who ___________ your heart again? has broken leave feel see work sell forget speak get drink meet fall eat be win break broke broken break 选择适当的动词完成句子 have spend tell break ride lose He __________ in love with the new girl in his class. has fallen leave feel see work sell forget speak get drink meet eat be win fall fell fallen fall 选择适当的动词完成句子 have tell break ride lose I___________ all my money. have spent leave feel see work sell forget speak get drink meet fall eat be win spend spent spent spend 选择适当的动词完成句子 现在完成时的标志词 标志词： already已经 yet已经 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾. already‌：用于肯定句中，表示某事已经发生或完成。 ‌I have already finished my homework.‌（我已经完成了我的作业） ‌She has already read the book.‌（她已经读过这本书了） ‌ yet‌：用于疑问句和否定句中，表示某事尚未发生或完成。 ‌Have you finished your homework yet?‌（你完成作业了吗？） ‌No, I haven't finished it yet.‌（不，我还没完成） 17 现在完成时的标志词 since+时间点 ‌ Anna has been ill since January. ‌从1月起一直病着。 since+ 时间段+ ago ‌I have studied in Beijing University since 2 years ago.‌ 我从两年前起就在北大上学。 since+ 从句 She has taught English since he came here. 她自从他来这儿就一直教英语。 since: (自…以来) 18 for后面接的是时间段，表示某个动作或状态 已经持续了一段时间。 I have lived here for three years. 我已经在这里住了三年。 for用在表示一直延续到现在的一段时间前。 I have worked here for five years. 我在这里工作了五年。 for: (表示某段时间) 现在完成时的标志词 19 辨析 have been to和 have gone to My father has been to France twice. 我父亲曾经去过法国两次。 I have never been to Japan. 我从未去过日本。 My sister has gone to the mall. 我姐姐去商场了，还没回来。 They have gone to the beach for the weekend. 他们去海边度假了，还没回来‌。 have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来。 has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来。 20 1．—How long ________ you ________ a fever? —Ever since last night. A．have; got B．have; had C．have; caught D．did; have 2．He ________ England, and he ________ London for five months so far. A．has gone to; has been to B．has been to; has been to C．has gone to; has been in D．has been to; has been in 3．—Could you tell me when your uncle Jim ________ your aunt? —I’m not sure. But I know they ________ for more than ten years. A．married with; got married B．married; have been married C．married to; have married D．got married; were married practice B C B 21 4．Jane has ________ from school for two years. When she ________ the happy time, she always misses her teachers and classmates. A．graduated; thinks back on B．been away; thinks C．graduated; thinks of D．been away; thinks back to 5．He ________ a car as a birthday present, but he won’t ________ it as it is too expensive. A．has accepted; receive B．has received; accept C．accepts; receive D．receives; accept 6．Not only Peter but also his friends ________ just ________ to the library. They borrowed some interesting books. A．have; been B．have; gone C．has; gone D．has; been practice D B A 22 7．Mr Li ________ France for a holiday. He ________ abroad only once. He ________ there for 5 days. A．has gone to; has been; has been B．has been to; has gone; has been C．has gone to; has gone; has been D．has been to; has been; has gone 8．—How long ________ they ________? —Sorry, I don’t know. But I know that Mr Chen is going to ________ a nurse next month. A．did; marry; marry to B．have; been married; marry C．have; got married; marry D．did; get marry; marry with 9．________, Jim has read five of the Harry Potter series. He has ________ to read. A．So far; more two B．So far; two more C．Until now; two another D．Until then; another two practice A B B 23 THE END 24 $$