北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷

北哀第个大史等热忠自 北京市第八十中学2024~2025学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语 2024年11月 班级 姓名 考号 (考试时间90分钟满分100分) 提示：试卷答案请-一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用（共三节，30分） 第一节完型填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分：共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。 A Labrador has been doing an important job to help people stay safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight-year-old Roby runs through the streets of the hilly city of Medellin several times a day with a 1 in his jaws,taking vegetables,fruit and packaged foods to customers of the Fresh4U mmi-market. A Labrador "He helps us to maintain social distancing,"said Roby's owner,Sherry Botero."And people 2 it when we send the dog."Roby enjoys eating carrous 3 to him by customers,a tip for bringing a baskel of food. Roby wasn't always a star.He was accepted into the family4 by Ms Botero after repeated requests by her son to 5 a dog. But Ms Botero quickly 6 with the dog.And when she opened a mini-market four years ago,he started to accompany her to make deliveries. Roby can't read 7.But he remembers the names of customers who have previously rewarded him with treats.And with some practice,he has learned to go to their houses on his own. "He knows the names of five or six of our customers,"Ms Botero said,"So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket,and my customers_&_me through a bank transfer(转账：转移).” Roby might not know that he's become an9 worker.But he is happy to help his owner and 10 his daily pay. 1.A.bag B.chain C.basket D.stick (商炎好第1项共10页) 海试年必类山月 2.A.respect B.love C.follow D.notice 3.A.gifted B.returned C.lent D.donated 4.A.intentionally B.regretfully C.immediately D.unwillingly 5.A.adopt B.train C.adore D.walk 6.A.got away B.kept in touch C.caught up D.fell in love 7.A.minds B.addresses C.numbers D.receipts 8.A.treat B.help C.pay D.impress 9.A.essential B.honest C.optimistic D.adventurous 10.A.spend B.calculate C.collect D.increase 第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空 白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。谐在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Today,there is a trend that the youngsters haven't enough sleep during the night.Lack of sleep among children and teenagers in China 1(get)worse in the past ten years,with more than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep on school days,a report 12(publish)on Monday said.Chinese youngsters slept an average of 7.8 hours a night on school days last year,20 minutes13(little)than in 2009,according to the report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences'Institute of Psychology. B Based on AR and VR,the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an online setting,enabling them to be connected in ways they couldn't be before.Imagine 14(attend)a meeting from the comfort of your couch,where you don't dress up,but your avatar does.You 15(seat)at a virtual table with other people whose reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life.A metaverse could very likely bring these 16(imagine)to reality,and soon. c Everyone has a sense of humor,but it's,pretty evident that not everybody has a good sense of it.Psychologists axe divided on17humor is inborn or learnable.However,there is one thing that 18(accept) universally so far-the sense of humor is uniquely human.It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated (高英语第2负北10负) 北京本第公十中学物中慈 with happiness and courage.These are qualities19(share)with other forms of life.But if happiness is one of the goals20(chase)in life,then it is the sense of humor that provides the key. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡.上将该项涂黑。 A Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed.A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty. Proctor's Theatre,Newark,New Jersey Although available outdoors from street sellers,food was banned in theatres to display respectability.In the late 1920s,however,the operators in Proctor's Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression.Popcom and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre's income. Proctor's Theatre,Troy,New York Originally opened as Proctor's Fourth Street Theatre in 1914,it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope.From 1929,it was successively taken over,renamed as Proctor's Troy Theatre and switched to screening films.In the 1960s,it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977.It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)in 1979.In 2010,the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today. RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre,New York Originally opened in 1928,RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb.In 1982,it was listed on the NRHP.In 1986,the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site,intentionally damaging the hau In 2019,despite the preservation efforts,the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block Metropolitan Opera House,Philadelphia The theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908.In the 1920s,it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House,showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies.In the 1940s,it became a sports arena.In 1954,it was turned into a church.In the late 1990s,the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher.The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018. 21.In the late 1920s,Proctor's Theatre in Newarkset up stands to A.show respect for the guests B.increase the theatre's income C.promote newly released movies D.compete with the street sellers 22.What can we know from she passage? A RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre is well preserved. B.Proctor's Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now. (药：英第3页火10项) 送类2024年11月 C.Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function. D.Proctor's Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP. 23.What is the purpose.of this passage? A.To rank the old and unrestored theatres. B.To show the development of American theatres. C.To encourage people to protect the old theatres. D.To provide information on overlooked old theatres. B Throughout my 41 years at General Electric,I've experienced a lot.In the media,I've gone from prince to pig md back again.And I've been called many things. In the early days,some called me a crazy,wild man.When I became CEO two decades ago,Wall Street asked, Jack who?" When I tried to make GE more competitive by cutting back our workforce in the early 1980s,the media called me"Neutron Jack."When they learned we were focused on values and culture at GE,people asked if "Jack has gone soft."I've been No.I or No.2 Jack.Services Jack,Global Jack,and,in more recent years,Six Sigma Jack and Business Jack. When we made an effort to acquire Honeywell in October 2000,and I agreed to stay on through the transition )some thought of me as the Long-in-the-Tooth Jack hanging on by his fingertips to his CEO job. Those characterizations said less about me and a lot more about the stage our company went through.Truth is, jown deep,I've never really changed much from the boy my mother raised in Salem,Massachusetts. When I started on this journey in 1981,standing before Wall Street analysts for the first time at New York's Pierre Hotel,I said I wanted GE to become"the most competitive enterprise on earth."My objective was to put a small-company spirit in a big-company body,to build an organization out of an old-line industrial company that would be more high-spirited,more adaptable,and more flexible than companies that are one-fiftieth our size.I said then that I wanted to create a company "where people dare to try new things-where peopleknow that only the Jimits of their creativity and drive,their own standards of personal excellence,will be the ceiling on how far and how fast they move,” I've put my mind,my heart,and my courage into that journey every day of the 40-plus years I've been lucky enough to be a part of GE. 24.According to the first two paragraphs.the author A.had many ups and downs B.had a poor image in public C.became CEO of GE 41 years ago D.suffered from some mental illnesses 25.As the author sees it.the many nicknames of him indicate A.the change of his character with the time (高英语第4页共10贞) 北京市第人十史单飘生 B.the various opinions of different journalists C.his popularity among his friends and relatives D.his company's different stages of development 26.What does the underlined word"journey"in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Taking GE to a new height. B.Travelling from home to office. C.Seeking a higher position in GE. D.Growing from a baby into an adult. O Birds Can“Read”Human Gaze We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way.Now,a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdaws-birds related to crows with eyes that appear similar to human eyes-can do the same. "Jackdaws seem to recognize the eye's role in visual perception,or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented ),said Auguste von Bayern,formerly of the University o: Cambridge and now at the University of Oxford. When presented with a preferred food,hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to get the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away,according to the research team lec by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London.The birds hesitated only when the person was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening. In addition,the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures,such as gaze alternation and pointing,to help them find hidden food,they found.The birds were unsuccessful in using unmoving cues,including eye gaze or head orientation. Unlike most birds,jackdaws'eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris.The researchers saic they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because,as in humans,eyes are an important meanso communication for them.The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws a attending to human gaze and responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them. The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far,including our closes relatives the chimpanzee and"man's best friend,"the dog,are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze,von Bayern said.Rather,she continued,chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of otheus.The results suggest that birds may deserve more respec for their mental abilities. "We may have understated the psychological world of birds,"von Bayern said."Jackdaws,among many other birds,form pair ties for life and need to have much in common and work together with their partner,which requires an efficient way of communicating and sensitivity to their partner's viewpoint." 27.A hand-raised jackdaw nesitates to take a preferred food when the feeder_ A.is looking away from the food B.holds the food in his hand (商：关讲第5页共10项) 英语试些2024年1儿月 C.is looking at the food D.is unfamiliar to the bird 28.According to researchers,jackdaws can notice human eye orientation probably because A.like humans,they also use eyes to communicate B.they are far more intelligent than other birds C.they are mostly hand-raised by humans D.their eyes also have a dark pupil 29 Why does the author refer to chimpanzees and dogs? A.To suggest that they are much better at interpreting gaze alternation. B.To reflect how unique jackdaws are in being able to notice gaze orientation. C.lo show that they communicate more frequently with humans than jackdaws. D.To make clear that they rely on other means in determining people's intention. 30.Wha does the research finding suggest? A.Not all jackdaws are good at attending to human gaze. B.We may have understated jackdaws'mental abilities. C.We know embarrassingly less about birds than we assume. D.The closer we communicate with animals,the better we understand them. D The Secret of Success The recipe for succeeding in any given field is hardly a mystery:good ideas,hard work,discipline,imagination, perseverance and maybe a little luck.Oh,and let's not forget failure,which Dashun Wang and his colleagues at Northwestern University call"the essential prerequisite(先决条件)for success”in a new paper. But not every failure leads to success,he adds.And what eventually separates the winners from the losers,the research shows,certainly s not persistence.One of the more interesting findings in the paper,published last October in Nature,is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals. It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures.The idea is to work smart,not hard.You have to figure out what worked and what didn't,and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,"says Wang."The people who failed didn't necessarily work less than those who succeeded.They could actually have worked more:it's just that they made more unnecessary changes.” As they explored "the mechanisms governing the dynamics of failure",Wang's team identified what they describe as previously unknown statistical signatures that separate successful groups from unsuccessful groups, making it possible to predict their final outcomes.. One such key indicator is the time between consecutive()failed attempts,which should decrease steadily. In other words,the faster you fail,the better your chances of success,and the more time between attempts,the more (福二英讲第6贞共10页) 北京木书人十中学期中共提 likely you are to fail again."If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,"Wang says,"if we just look at the timing between the failures,we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not." Working with such large-scale data,Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed,a fork in the road where one path leads to a development region and one leads to a stagnation region. Wang points out that the existence of the tipping point cuts against the traditional explanations for failure or success,such as luck or a person's work habits."What we're showing here is that even in the absence of such differences,you can still have very different outcomes,"he says.What matters is how people fail,how they respond to failure and where those failures lead. 31.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that A winners are more persistent than losers B.failure is not important for success at all C.more trying doesn't necessarily result in success D.winners and losers differ in how many times they tried 32.Wang and'his colleagues believe that A.no one can obtain success without failure -B.failure can sometimes help predict success C.the performance pattern is difficult to identify D.the critical point had been discovered by chance 33.The underlined phrase"a stagnation region"in Paragraph 6 refers to a region .A.without progress B.beyond recognition C.unknown to outsiders D.in its elementary stage 34.What is the conclusion of Wang's research? A.Winners try less than losers.but gain more. B.Perseverance is the utmost secret to success. C.Working smart could turn failures into future successes. D.Luck and work habits hardly make any difference to the result. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从知文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 Lifelong Musicians Have Better Hearing Playing a musical instrument throughout your life protects your hearing,a Canadian study suggests.The study, which was published in Psychology and Aging,carried out hearing tests on 74 musicians and 89 non-musicians. 35 (备：英第7项共10页) 海达卷2024年.11月 Action on Hearing Loss said all people-including musicians-should try to prevent hearing damage. 36By sixty,10-30%of people have some hearing loss.By eighty that goes up to as many as 60%. Problems are particularly seen in the central hearing processing system,which is associated with understanding speech,especially when there is background noise. Then a research.by a team at the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto,looked at how adults were affected as they aged.They chose both musicians and non-musicians from the age of 18 to 91 and divided them into different groups based on the age.Again musicians were significantly better at picking out speech against noise in all the age ranges. 37 Benjamin Zendel,who was part of the research team,said,"We found that being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age,probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis.This advantage widened considerably for musicians as they got older when compared to similar-aged non-musicians.” This study suggests that musicians might be more able to deal with the consequences of hearing loss. 、 38As Dr.Ralph Holme said,all people-including musicians-should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place.It's necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection.39 A.Hearing normally declines as people age. B.Previous studies explained the reasons for hearing loss. C.That can effectively reduce the risk of damaging their hearing permanently. D.Still,it is far better to minimize damage by using appropriate ear protection. E.They believed musicians are also likely to experience age-related hearing problems. F.The researchers concluded that lifelong musicianship delays age-related changes in hearing. G.It found a 70-year-old musician's hearing was as good as that of a 50-year-old who didn't play. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第-节阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题月要求问答问题。 Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day?Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light,food and sleep. However,.whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic(断陈代谢的)health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed.A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks.Patrick Schrauwen,a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest.He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes,but had (高：英语第8贞共10页) 北京本第◇十中学物叫 not considered the possible role of timing.Now,seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts.he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people's metabolisms. Incidentally,he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment.Several years earlier,they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks,while the researchers tracked their metabolic health.They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts.The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out betweer 8 and 10 a.m.and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m-They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise. He says,"This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbec metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier.The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day-but only if we choose to keep doing it." 40.What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts? 41.What did Schrauwen's new study figure out? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. 43.When do you think is the best time for you to exercise?Why?(about 40 words) （高：英第9负北10项) 英海达些2024年11月 第：节写作（(20分) 假设你是红星中学商学生李华。你班的交换生Jm对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修门相关课程， 向你征询建议。请给Jim写-~封邮件，内容包括： 1.推荐门选修课，并说明推荐的理由： 2.提出学习这门课程的建议。 注意：1.词数不少于100字： 2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua (请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内) （高：英语第10页共10页)