人物主题词汇语境专项练习-2025届高三英语一轮复习

人物主题词汇语境复习 B1U1U5+B2U1+B3U4 一、重点词汇及短语检测 1. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been _____________(授予)to Tu youyou, whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a _________（关键的）new treatment for malaria. 2. From their research, they discovered and tested 380_________(截然不同的) ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed ____________(希望) in the fight against malaria. 3. One medical text suggested using extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested________________(许多) dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. 4. Their project_______________(遇到瓶颈). However, Tu Youyou would not______________(承认失败). 5. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood _______________(显然地) destroyed its medical ___________(特性). 6. The two flowers were quite distinct from one another, so it’s easy to make a ______________between them. 7. Scientists need to ____________ how the new materials stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is. 8. A talented scientist well known for his ___________to his country, Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics. 9. –Did you come to any conclusions? -Yes, we ________that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature, we could find a substance that worked. 10. She spent a lot of time __________her parents’ dreams. This analysis is very helpful, explaining their daily behavior very well. 11. He failed to enter university due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, ____________(尽管) obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. 12. He had long white hair, which sometimes stood____________(直立起来) as though he _________________________________（刚被电击过一样）。 13. Despite his_____________(特立独行), he often encountered people who would stop him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying;”Always I _________________________(被误认为) Professor Einstein.” 14. Einstein was reported _____________________(离世) on 18 April 1955, and the whole world _______________(哀悼)the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 15. She works long hours everyday _________________（为了…起见）our family, and she still finds time to help with____________ and spend time with me. 16. To_______________________(应对危机)，he choose to to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College. 17. Yuan__________________(深信) the answer could be found in the ______________(create) of hybrid rice. 18. One __________________(特征) of hybrids is that they usually ______________(获得更高的产量than_________________（传统农作物）. 19. Through intense efforts, Yuan __________________(克服巨大的技术困难) to develop the first hybrid rice which enabled farmers to ______________(提高产出)greatly. 20. _________________(据估计) about 60% of _________________________(国内水稻消耗量)in China ______________(由….组成) crops__________( generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 21. Newspapers should pay less attention to ______________(网红) and more attention to our national heroes. 22. When these wheat farmers will join this ______________(试点试验) remains an ____________(answer) question. 23. _____________________(农药和化肥) have been _____________________(广泛使用) in farming since the middle of the 20th century. 24. In fact, some pesticides___________________(被禁用) in most countries because of the damage they cause ______people and environment. 25. Crops grown with fertilizers often grow too fast to be_______________（富含营养）. They may look beautiful on the outside but inside there is usually more water than_______________(必要的矿物质)。 26. As an ____________（替代品）, some farmers have ___________(转向)organic farming and many customers have turned to _____________(有机食品) when shopping at the local grocery. 27. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different_________(depth) of soil to keep it rich. 28. Organic____________(chemicals) is considered to have originated in the early 19th century. 29. She packed a few____________(essential) and head for the countryside. 30. These machines can carry out ___________________(各种各样的) tasks such as ploughing and planting, ______________________(施肥与灌溉), harvesting and managing pest, weed, and disease control. 31. Her decisions has also helped to ____________________(减轻贫困) and improve lives of many people in her village. 32. ______________________(利用) new technology and the internet, she has expanded her business to include________________________(农业旅游). 33. The school board plans to have a(n)_____________(extend) built to the library. 34. The new film__________(generate) a lot of excitement, and ticket sales were way _________our expectations. 35. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems ______________________(从一个新的角度) requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. 36. In the early 19th century, when _____________________(霍乱爆发) hit Europe, millions of people ______________________(死于疾病). 37. In time, John Snow__________________(迅速变成) a famous doctor, and even________________(照顾) Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera__________________(一劳永逸地). 38. In general, doctors in those days had two ________________(相互矛盾的) theories to explain how cholera spread. 39. Snow ____________________(同意) the second theory which believed that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 40. There were multiple deaths near the water pump. Snow suspected that the water pump____________________(应该担责). 41. _____________(according), he __________________________(去掉了水泵手柄) so that it could not be used. 42. Snow was later able to show a________(联系) between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 43. Through Snow’s ________________(不懈努力), the threat of cholera round the world _________________________(呈现显著下降). 44. The man______________(被怀疑) being behind the robbery was seen__________( cross) the street. 45. It’s unusual for an athlete to ____________________(家喻户晓) while he is active. 46. Target the host rather than the infection was a bit non-traditional but _____________(说得通) because it was ___________(棘手的) to target the virus. 47. Cold-causing viruses are not only________________(种类繁多), they also _____________(变异) quickly, meaning they can quickly develop______________(耐药性). 48. Though these scientists have ______________________(取得巨大进步) in their research, further____________( proof) is needed to make sure such drugs are not so ____________(severity) that they harm the body. 49. This was when you should have calmed down and ___________________(着手) doing some solid work. 50. _____________(describe) as a man with great scientific thought and spirit who was_________(patriot) and served his homeland with effort and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 51. After the Songhu Battle _______________(爆发) in 1932, Qian made the decision to _____________________(换到航天专业) because he realized that China need its own powerful air force to _______________(保卫国家). 52. After finishing his graduate studies, Qian become a ___________(先驱) in American jet and rocket technology and he helped conduct important research into____________(火箭助推). 53. After overcoming some difficulties, Qian returned to China and __________________(受到英雄般的欢迎) from his homeland and was__________________(负责) not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 54. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from ______________(接受挑战). 55. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also _______________(追述至) Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace.” 56. Qian read a lot and was _____________( knowledge) and his deep appreciation for art often gave him ___________(inspire) in his scientific research. 57. On 32 October 2009, the world country was__________( sad) by Qian’s death, and people honored and remembered him in different ways. 58. Many people __________(对…熟悉) images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using computer to talk. 59. Since he _____________(感染) the disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles. His world became one of_________(抽象的) ideas. 60. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon __________(prove) by _________(astronomy) with telescopes. 61. This odd________(combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinker of 20th and 21st centuries. 62. Today, the creation of an all powerful computer capable of human thought is still ______ progress. 63. Researchers are also ____________(试验) the use of AI in driverless cars, which can sense their surroundings and ________(选定) the best way to reach a destination. 64. Furthermore, industries that use robots for_________( repeat) or dangerous work can often turn to AI to manage these electronic workers. 65. The AI of today has already proven its _________(superior) to humans in many areas. 66. _____(Odd), many of these notes are written backwards. You have to hold them up ____the mirror in order to read them. 67. He saw no______( divide) between art, invention and sign, and they were all part of his wonderful new world of discovery. 68. Great works are performed not by strength, but by ____________(persevere). 69. When I applied______( join) the expedition, Shackleton turned me ________ because he thought I was too young and wasn't _________(qualify). 70. But I was so enthusiastic________ the idea of going along with them _____ I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance and ______(hide) in a small cupboard. 71. We saw the ship ____________(被撞碎) by the ice and when the ship ______(sink), our hearts _______(sink) with it. 72. But to our surprise, he allowed house to keep his banjo. Hussy often plays it to _____________(使我们振作精神). 73. We ___________________(struggle) for days but things on Elephant island are going_______________(每况愈下). 74. However, these happy memories are soon__________(打断) by sudden cold rush of air. 75. He behaves_______________(得体地) and we think he's a real gentleman. 76. Life _____________(对…残忍) Oliver when he was young. Although__________________(生活凄苦), he had a very kind heart. 77. To learn from your mistakes and ___________(痛苦的失败), it will eventually lead to success ______________(只要) you persevere. 78. The young boy has demonstrated a ___________(发自内心的) interest in the expedition to Antarctic. 79. The officer __________（被任命）to conduct a __________(全面的) i investigation into the incident. 80. Timmy’s hair is________________(汗湿了) because he has been playing table tennis for two hours. 二、单句语法填空 1. They tried boiling wormwood and using the liquid ___________(obtain) from this to treat malaria, but this did not work. 2. It __________(strike) Lu Xun that the other people in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda,________ circumstances are beyond our control. 4. 1I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, _______is a big challenge for me. 5. Einstein made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known__________ (be)the general theory of relativity and the famous formula. 6. While ____________(work) there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study , _________(earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905. 7. Circumstances changed in 1933,_________Hitler came to power in Germany. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. 8. It’s vital to learn to use these software programs, both__________ __________can help you with collection and evaluation 9. Professor Lu, _________ __________you spoke, specializes in constitutional law. 10. _________concerned Yuan most was______ most farmers often had poor harvests and even has a serious shortage of food___________(eat). 11. ____________it was possible to develop a hybrid of _________________(self-pollinate) plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 12. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, ________many other countries that depend on rice as well. 13. _________(give) that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired _______a life of leisure. 14. Long ago, he ______________(envision) rice plants as tall as sorghum, _______ each ear of rice as big as broom and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. 15. ________life is slower and healthier is the reason ________ some people prefer to live in the country rather than in the city. 16. How can find a suitable solution to produce sufficient food while_______(keep) the environment safe__________(be) an important topic for us to research. 17. Why different crops are grown is____________ they put important minerals back into the ground, _________(make) it ready for the next batch of crops. 18. The truth was ______the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 19. The people who drank the water polluted by raw waste were much more likely to get cholera than _________who drank pure or boiled water. 20. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way____________ scientists study diseases. 21. That was ____________happened at the initial stage of four group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria. 22. Perhaps no other scientists has had a _______(great) impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 23. The other was a big bang theory, which holds _______ the universe began at a single point in time and space. 24. So what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides ______(be) brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in ________he said or did. 25. He was willing to say ________ others were afraid to say and to dream _____what others were afraid of dream about. 26. Research is _____________ I'm doing when I don't know what I am doing. 27. The saddest aspect of life right now is________ the science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers with. 28. An expert can be _________ has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field. 29. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. This is __________ we have not yet learned to make sensible use of it. 30. There are two only ways to live your life. One is _______nothing is a miracle, the other is ____ _______everything is a miracle. 31. There are accurate studies of the human body ________(show) bones and muscles with such detail _______would not be seen everywhere for four hundred years. 32. For the whole morning, the board of directors ______________( discuss) the resolution to increase wages in the coming year. 33. Jason's only recreation is painting. He ____________(learn) how to paint for over five years. 34. Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because we ____________(try) our best and working as a team. 35. My nephew Sam ____________(collect) comic books since he was five. Now he has more than 200 of them. 36. The company _____________ (launch) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image. 37. He finally____________ (finish) the research paper and his tutors under his tutor’s guidance. 38. The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, ________deeply_________ (influence) Chinese culture. 39. Henry__________ (join) the navy when he was 20 and he ________ (retire) now. 40. The girl____________ (want) to meet the pianist ever since she_________(attend) his concert. 41. ________you_______ (hear) of the saying“Curiosity killed the cat"? 42. Your fridge____ (give off) a terrible smell. When _______you last ______ (clean)it? 43. As the children are older now, we_________ (think) of moving to a bigger house. 44. My friend Maggie_________(ask) me to visit her for ages, but I _______ not really______(have) the time. 45. I _______ (expect) the movie to end happily, but actually it has a sad ending. 三、语篇填空 (选词部分需注意使用正确词形) A Sun Yat-sen(1866-1925) was widely considered to be the_________( found) and forerunner of modern China. He was only _______power for a short time, when he was president of the country in 1912. So it may seem odd to some people_________ knowledge of China may be limited that he is such an important figure. However, his influence is not based on his time in office, _______ on his continuous struggle for a better society and his concern for all Chinese people. He also put forward many advanced ideas _________ brought the Chinese people together, in particular, the Three Principles of the People. These principles were inspired by Lincoln, ________he admired, and were developed when he was travelling overseas, __________ he went to find support for his country. The first principle is about nationalism, _________indicates that China should never be divided and should not be under any foreign control. The second is about people's rights. It means that all people have great value and should also have the same rights. The third is about people's livelihood, __________means that the government should create opportunities for people to make a good living. Battain essential for instance be comprised of depth output soil diverse Jia Sixie was a government official from Shandong Province who conducted a lot of agricultural research in the sixth century. In his travels, he observed that some farmers had much better__________ than others, so he decided to investigate the best ways of __________good harvests. After retiring, he wrote a book, Qi Min Yao Shu, which __________sound advice and practices people doing agricultural work. In one piece of advice,__________, he told farmers to clear weed from the ground before planting crops. They could either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the _______________over so that the weeds were covered. Then he gave advice on ploughing, suggesting that the autumn ploughing should be at a greater ____________than the spring ploughing. He also suggested changing crops to get better harvests every year. Finally, he suggested that farmers grow a_______________ range of crops next to each other in the fields. Although it has been centuries since Jia Sixie died, Qi Min Yao Shu is still considered a(n) ______________book in China's agricultural history. C篇attend initial gifted astronomer telescope shift subscribe link Edwin Powell Hubble, born in 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri, spent his early years in the state of Kentucky. Afterwards, he moved with his family to Chicago and ________ the University of Chicago, where he studied mathematics and astronomy and soon proved to be _______in these subjects. At the Mount Wilson Observatory, Hubble studied objects within our own galaxy using a ___________with a mirror of one hundred and fifty-two centimeters in diameter. His_________ discovery was the finding of a Cepheid variable star (造父变星) in the outer area of a nebula (星云). He proved that nebulae were galaxies themselves, and thus, astronomers now ____________to the view that distant galaxies do exist. He then made more observations of forty-six galaxies that were travelling away from Earth with speeds that were_______ directly to the galaxies’ distance from Earth. Hubble discovered the scientific rule-now called “Hubble's Law”- that the _________（far）away a galaxy is, the greater its speed. As one of the most important________, he devoted himself to galaxies, __________ led to many outstanding discoveries in the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology(宇宙学). Hubble's efforts led to a(n)________in the understanding of how our universe works and develops. D篇 The scientist's main task is to discover how things work in the universe. But few scientists have placed themselves under ______microscope. So even though the brilliant scientific method, which mainly includes _____________(hypothesis), data collection, and _______________(statistics) analysis, is written down, the method by which scientists come to solid conclusions is hard ______________(identify). Two of the oriessential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity. People who are curious usually have a mixture of_____________ (seem) contradictory desires: They are looking for ___________(original) and yet they also want everything _______ its proper place. To settle the conflict between statistics and theory, scientists often have to be creative, and think outside the box-- approach the problem from different directions. They must have a vivid imagination and a strong________(intuitive) in order for new findings to be made. ________ echoes something the astronomer Carl Sagan once said. He believes that every child “starts out as a scientist" and every child is gifted ________the “sense of wonder and awe". E篇 candidate commitment cruel damp motive resolution wage slim others sign up for One hundred years ago, exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business. Because of the __________weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic, the chance of success were quite ________ and many explorers died. The people who _____________such voyages were paid low_____ and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold and ______weather. They also had to have a strong___________ to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was, great personal discipline, and a firm _____________to the other members of the team. Yet, many________ still applied to join such explorations. Some might have wanted to become famous. _________ were looking for rewards. However, the______ for many was to experience a great adventure. 四、教材经典句翻译 1. 然而，这些在幕后不懈努力的人，尽管有着巨大贡献，却常常不为人知。（定从+despite） 2. 如果你知道值得大家铭记的其成就的人，我们欢迎你的来信。(定从， deserve) 3. 这些成就的取得并非轻而易举，黄大年为了研究牺牲了所有。 4. 事实上，他瘦削却精壮的身体就如同他为之奉献一生的数百万中国农民一样。（定从 devote） 5. 本质上，袁隆平在内心里依然更像是个农民。作为一个热爱土地的人，他不计较名利。 6. 他对海水稻的愿景后来也变成了现实。 7. 我终身的追求就是让所有人们远离饥饿。 8. 在大城市，自行车正在成为替代私家车出行的短途交通工具(alternative; means of transportation) 9. 即使当他命令弃船时，也不曾流露出沮丧的神情。 五、伟大人物核心贡献一览 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale established the first school for nurses. She introduced modern sanitation practices in hospitals, reducing mortality rates. Developed a system for recording patient care and outcomes. Her efforts led to significant improvements in healthcare during the Crimean War. Wu Mengchao Wu Mengchao pioneered liver surgery techniques in China. Conducted over 16,000 complex liver surgeries with high success rates. Trained a large number of outstanding liver surgeons. Made important contributions to the treatment of liver cancer. Zhong Nanshan Zhong Nanshan identified the SARS virus as a new type of coronavirus. Led the fight against SARS by formulating effective treatment strategies. Advocated for strict quarantine measures to control the spread of the disease. His expertise and courage inspired the nation during the SARS crisis. Norman Bethune Norman Bethune developed mobile blood transfusion services in the front lines of war. Performed countless surgeries on wounded soldiers under extremely difficult conditions. Trained local medical personnel to improve medical care in war zones. His selfless dedication to the Chinese revolutionary cause is widely admired. John Snow John Snow identified the source of a cholera outbreak in London as a contaminated water pump. Conducted detailed investigations and mapping of cases to prove his theory. His work led to the implementation of proper sanitation measures in cities. He is considered the father of modern epidemiology. Song Qingling Song Qingling was a key figure in promoting women's rights and equality in China. Established organizations to provide education and healthcare for women and children. Actively supported the Chinese revolutionary movement and social progress. She is known for her dedication to humanitarian causes. Lu Xun Lu Xun's works such as "The True Story of Ah Q" exposed the weaknesses and problems of Chinese society. Used his pen to criticize feudalism, superstition, and imperialism. Inspired a generation of Chinese intellectuals to awaken and take action. His literature had a profound impact on modern Chinese literature and thought. Qian Xuesen Qian Xuesen led the development of China's first ballistic missiles. Made crucial contributions to the establishment of China's space program. Developed advanced aerospace engineering theories and technologies. His work laid the foundation for China's modern national defense and space exploration. Fan Zhongyan Fan Zhongyan advocated for political reforms to improve governance and people's livelihoods. Wrote famous essays such as "Yueyang Tower Record" expressing his ideals and concerns. Implemented policies to relieve poverty and promote education. He is known for his integrity and concern for the common people. Huang Danian Huang Danian made significant breakthroughs in geophysical exploration technology. Led research teams to develop advanced instruments and methods. His work contributed to China's resource exploration and national development. He dedicated his life to scientific research and national service. Yuan Longping Yuan Longping developed hybrid rice varieties with high yields and strong adaptability. Conducted extensive field experiments and research to improve rice production. His work has helped feed millions of people around the world. He is known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice". Joan of Arc Joan of Arc led the French army to several important victories against the English invaders. Inspired the French people with her courage and faith. Played a crucial role in the Hundred Years' War. She is considered a national hero of France. Jane Goodall Jane Goodall spent decades observing chimpanzees in the wild. Discovered that chimpanzees use tools and have complex social behaviors. Raised awareness about the importance of conservation and animal rights. Her work has had a profound impact on primatology and environmental protection. Steven Hawking Steven Hawking made groundbreaking discoveries about black holes and the nature of the universe. Wrote influential books such as "A Brief History of Time". Despite his physical disabilities, he continued to pursue scientific research. His work inspired people around the world to explore the mysteries of the cosmos. Edwin Powell Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving away from each other, indicating the expansion of the universe. Classified galaxies into different types based on their characteristics. His observations and research laid the foundation for modern cosmology. He is known as one of the most important astronomers of the 20th century. Ernest Shackleton Ernest Shackleton led several expeditions to Antarctica. Survived extreme hardships and rescued his crew after a shipwreck. His leadership and perseverance in the face of adversity are legendary. He is considered one of the greatest explorers of all time. Neil Armstrong Neil Armstrong became the first human to step on the moon. His famous words "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" inspired generations. Conducted scientific experiments on the moon's surface. His achievement marked a major milestone in human space exploration. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$