2024年中职英语一轮复习动词和动词短语课件

动词和动词短语 一、常考的十类动词及词组 1．连系动词 特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有被动语态。连系动词 按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种： (1) 变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go(由好变坏), turn, grow, get, fall, 等。 E.g. The sky became dark. You'd better eat it before it goes cold. He's growing old. The boys were getting bored. get wet/cold/tired/sick etc /get angry/mad/upset etc fall asleep/ill/in love (2) 感官类，表人体部位的感受，不用于进行时和被动语态，如feel, smell, taste, look，sound等。 (3)状态类，表事物所处的状态，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove, turn out等。 E.g. Please keep quiet. The boy remained silent . The house has stood empty for months. The book lay open on the table. Eat right to stay healthy. The design proved to be/turned out to be a success. (4) appear, seem表外表给人的印象， “好像，似乎” E.g. The streets appeared/seemed deserted. She appears/seems to have many friends. 2．感官动词和使役动词 常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。 常考的使役动词有make/have/let sb do sth; get sb. to do sth 等。 3．不用被动语态的动词及动词短语 英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。 need，require (1)某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。 这类动词有：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如： This new product sells well. 这种新厂品很畅销。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。 (2) 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。 这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，close(关门)， shut(关闭)，weigh(重)，等。如： This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了。 Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。 (3) 某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 这类动词及词组有： happen(发生), occur (发生), take place (发生) , cost(花费) turn out(证明是)， break out(爆发)， belong to(属于)，come up(被提出), be worth doing sth(值得做), sb be to blame(某人应该被责备)等。 如： The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。 Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一个主意。 Who is to blame for breaking the vase? 打碎花瓶应由谁负责？ The problem finally came up at the meeting. 这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。 Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong. 即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。 例句 (4)“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”句式中。 当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive, comfortable等。如： The physics problem is easy to work out. 这道物理题很容易算出来。 A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱很多。 This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合吃。 二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语 1. 以break为中心 break down 出故障；精神崩溃，身体累垮；分解；(谈判等)失败 break in (vi.) 打断 break into 闯入；强行进入 break out (战争，疾病，火灾等)爆发，发生 break off 中断(谈话)；中止(关系)；折断；break through 突破；克服 break up 破碎；解散；把……分成几部分；结束,分手 The plan ____ just because people were unwilling to cooperate. A. turned down B. pulled down C. broke down D. put down (1)The prisoner _______________ his guards. (2) Her health ________________ under the pressure of work. (3) His house was ____________ (e.g. by burglars) last week. (4) I didn't want to ___________ on his telephone conversation. (5) She started to speak, then ________ while a waitress served us coffee. (6) I was still living in London when the war ______________. (7) Has Sam really _______________ with ? (8) There are plans to _________ the company ____ into several smaller independent companies. (9) Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 2. 以bring为中心 bring about 导致，引起，发生 bring back 带回；使回忆起；使恢复(bring…back to life) bring down 使(价格等)下降；打垮，击落 bring forward 提出(法案,计划,政策)；将(会议等)提前 bring in 把……带进来；引进；挣得(收入) bring out 使(某人/物的品质)显现；出版bring out the best/worst in sb.把某人最好/最丑的一面诱发出来 bring up 抚养，养育，培养 *Now I’d like to _____ the question of funds. A. bring about B. bring down C. bring forward D. bring in 1. Computers have ______________ many changes in the workplace. 2. The old photograph ______________ many memories. 3. The government is trying hard to _______________the price of housing. 4. Experts were _____________ to advise the Government. 5. He was out in the rain all day and this _____________ a bad cold. 6. Fatherhood seems to have ________________ his sense of responsibility. 3. 以call为中心 call at 访问(某地)； call for 需要，要求； call sb. in (请…….来帮忙) call in sick 打电话请病假， call off 取消(活动)， call on sb. to do 要求某人做某事；拜访(某人) call up 打电话给……；召集；使想起 --- Can I do the job? --- I’m afraid not, because it ____________ skill and patience. A. calls for B. asks for C. sends for D. cares for 1. We thought we'd ______________ James on the way home. 2. I regularly _____________ his office for news. 3. The match was _______________ because of bad weather. 4. 以carry为中心 carry on with sth/doing sth 继续（做）某事， carry out 实施;进行 carry out a promise, a threat, a plan, an order 实践诺言﹑ 进行威胁﹑ 实施计划﹑ 执行命令. carry out an enquiry, an investigation, a survey, etc 进行查询﹑ 调查﹑ 勘查 5. 以come为中心 come about 发生(常how did it come about that) come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到 come back 回来；又开始流行起来 come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开 come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展 come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果(~well/badly/结果不错/很糟)； come over 拜访； come round/around 苏醒； come to an end 终止，结束 come to life 苏醒 come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来 come to oneself 恢复常态 1. Can you tell me how the accident _______________? 2. Miniskirts are starting to _______________. 3. A button has ________________ my coat. when it comes to… 就……而论，谈到 come true 实现，成为现实 come up 走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出 ******************************************************* *When it ______ tennis, you can’t beat her. A. come about B. come across C. come out D. come to *I simply couldn’t understand how it ______ that you did so much work within such a short time. A. came across B. came about C. came up D. came back *The truth will sooner or later ______. A. come about B. turn out C. come out D. give out 6. 以cut为中心 cut away 切去，砍掉 cut down 砍倒，减少(~on sth)，缩短 cut off 切断(电、煤气、水的)供应，隔绝 cut out 切下，剪下，裁下；删去 cut up 切碎，切掉；使悲伤 ******************************************************* *Eager to get thin, Ruth has decided to _____on meat entirely for three years at least. A. cut off B. cut up C. cut out D. cut down *Jimmy was really __ when all his friends refused to help him. A. cut away B. cut off C. cut out D. cut up If you don't pay your gas bill soon you may be ____________. The village was __________ (from the outside world) by heavy snow for a month. 7. die die away (声音/风/光线)慢慢变弱，渐渐消失； die down 减弱；平息 die out 灭绝 The noise of the car _______________ in the distance. These rumours will soon __________________. 8. 以fall为中心 fall apart 崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，断裂 fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面 fall for 爱上(某人)…… fall in love with… 爱上…… fall into 养成；染上fall into bad habits fall off 脱落，（数量、质量）下降，减少 fall over 摔倒，被……绊倒 ***************************************************** Their marriage finally ________. The door handle keeps ______________. Tommy _____________ and cut his knee badly. 9. 以get为中心 get about/around 四处走动；（消息/新闻）传开 get (sth) across (to sb) 将(想法、信息等)传递给某人或被理解 get along/on with 相处;进展 get away (from) 离开，脱身；逃脱 get down to doing sth 开始认真做某事 get over 恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 拨通(电话)；完成；通过(考试)； He's ____________ again after his accident. Your meaning didn't really ______________. I won't be able to ____________ (from the office) before 7. How did you __________ in your driving test? She can't _____________ her shyness. Let's start; there's a lot of work to _______________. 10.以give为中心 give away 赠送；泄露/透露(秘密等)； 背弃；颁发，分发 give back 归还；还给；归还；使恢复 give in (to sb/sth) 向某人/某物让步；屈服于…… give out 分发；公布；发出；用完，耗尽 give off 发出(光、烟、气味等) give out 用完，消耗尽；分发 give up 放弃；停止 【活学活用】 (1)Believe in yourself and never _______(屈服)． (2)The authorities have shown no signs of __________(向……屈服) the kidnappers' demands. (3)The room is _________(发出) a musty smell. (4)They are ___________(赠送) prizes at the new store. (5)What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ___________(用完)? (6)The doctors did everything to ____________(使我恢复) the use of legs, but in vain. (7)We will never ________(放弃) working, whatever happens. (8)The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was ______the radio yesterday. give in giving in to giving off giving away given out give me back give up given out 11. 以go为中心 go against 反对， go by (时间)过去，消逝 go down 指(价格﹑温度等)减低,下降;（指风）减弱, 减缓 go for 支持，赞成；适用于;攻击；争取 go in for sth 报名参加；喜欢 go off 发出声音；爆炸；熄灭 go on 继续，接下去 go out 出去；熄灭；(消息、新闻)发布 go over 温习，检查 go through (法案等)通过；经历，忍受；仔细检查/翻找 go too far 走得太远，做/说得太过火 go up 上升，上涨；攀登 go without 没有……也行 Don't ___________ your parents/your parents' wishes. The price of petrol is ______________. As time _____________ my memory seems to get worse. What I said about Smith ________________ you, too. She __________________ a lot of sport. Word _________________ that the Prime Minister had resigned. ______________ your work carefully before you hand it in. I've _____________________ all my pockets but I can't find my keys. I had to ______________ breakfast this morning as I was in a hurry. 12. hand hand down 传给后代 hand in 上交 hand out 分发 hand over 交出；移交（权利、责任） 13. hang hang about/around/out 闲逛；~with sb 与某人厮混 hang on 等等；紧紧抓住； hang up 挂断电话 14. 以hold为中心 hold back 隐瞒；阻止；克制 hold on 坚持；等一等， hold on to 抓住不放；不卖掉 hold out 伸出；(供应品)维持；not hold out much hope of……不抱多大希望 hold up 举起，竖起；支持住；延误，使耽搁 *The story was so moving that I could hardly_____ my tears. A. hold up B. hold on C. hold on to D. hold back *The mail was _____ for two days because of the snow storm. A. held out B. held off C. held up D. held down 15. 以keep为中心 keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离 keep in mind 记住 keep off 不接近，远离(~the grass)； keep out 使……不入内；不卷入 keep pace with… 跟上，同……齐头并进 keep to 坚持；固守，遵守 keep up 继续；(天气)持续不变；保持，维持 keep up with… 赶上，跟上，与……并肩前进 16. 以lay为中心 lay aside 把……放在一边；留存备用 lay down 放下；规定 lay off (暂时)解雇；停止 lay out 铺开；设计 17. 以leave为中心 leave behind 留下，忘记携带； 永久离开 leave out 省去，删去， leave alone 不干涉，不打扰 18. 以look为中心 look about/ around 四下环顾；查看 look after 照顾，看管 look back 回顾;回头看 look for 寻找； look down on/upon 俯视；轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 调查； look on/upon …as… 把……看作 look out (for) 当心；留心 look through 翻阅，翻找 look up (形势)好转，改观；查找 look up to 尊敬，仰慕 19. 以pick为中心 pick out 精心挑出；辨认出 pick up 接(某人)，搭载；捡起；学会；(偶然)得到 20.以pull为中心 pull down 拆毁； pull in/out （火车）进站/离站 pull over/in 使(车辆)停靠在路边 pull up 使车停住； 21. 以put为中心 put aside 把……放在一边；留出（钱、时间） put away 把……放好，把……收拾；储藏 put down 记下，写下 put an end to 结束，终止， put forward 提出(计划、建议等)；把……提前 put off 推迟，延期； put on 穿上；上演；增加(~weight)； put out 扑灭；关灯； put through 为(某人)接通电话；put sb through school/college 供某人上学 put up 举起，挂起；张贴；建造；为某人提供膳宿 put up with 忍受，容忍 put one's heart into 全神贯注，专心致志 22. 以set为中心 set about (doing) 着手，开始 set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样 set aside 留出；放在一边；暂不考虑 set back 使推迟；使花费 set down 放下，卸下；登记，记载 set free 释放(某人) set off 出发；使爆炸；触发 set out 出发；发表；着手做某事(to do sth.) set up 建立，设立，开办；引发，产生 23. 以take为中心 take after 仿效，与……相似 take away 拿走，减去；消除 take back 收回，取消 take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎 take charge of 负责，主管 take down 取下；记下； take in 欺骗；吸收；理解 take…into account/consideration 考虑，重视 take off 脱掉(衣服等)； (飞机)起飞; 请假，休息，走红 take on 呈现；雇佣；承担，担任 take one's place/take the place of 代替 take out 拿出，取出； take over 接管，接任； take part in 参与，参加 take place 发生；举行 take pride in 以……为荣，对……感到骄傲 take up 拿起；从事 (某项活动)； 占用 (时间或空间)； take apart 把 (小型机器、钟表等) 拆开、拆散； * Our son doesn’t know what to ___________ at the university；he can’t make up his mind about his future. A．take in　 B．take up C．take over D．take after 解析：选B。take in接受，吸收，理解，欺骗；take up从事，参加，占据，继续； take over接管；take after像。根据句意选B。 【活学活用】 (1)I'm sorry I was rude; I __________ (收回) everything I said. (2)We find it difficult to ________ (理解) what he has taught. (3)The company decided to ________ (聘用) a new secretary. (4)When the picture was ____________ (取下来), the wall looked very bare. (5)Would you like me to _________ (接手) the driving for a while? (6) Bill Gates is really a great man, whose career ___________ (大获成功) in his early thirties. take back take in take on take down take over take off (7) England was really ____________ (彻底打败) by Italy in last night's match. I'll __________ (继续讲) the story where I finished yesterday. (9) We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all ____________ (占据;占用) . They decided to kick him upstairs and appoint a younger man to ______________ (取代他)． Nowadays plastics ____________________ (取代了) many conventional materials. My study of biology has ________ (占据;占用) much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. taken apart take up taken up take his place have taken the place of taken up 24. 以think为中心 think about 考虑 think of …as… 把……看作 think over 仔细考虑 think through 想通；充分考虑 think highly (well/a lot/a great deal/much…)of　 对……评价很高 think poorly (little/badly/ill…) of 对……评价不高;轻视，看不起 sing high praise for 对……评价很高 speak highly of 对……评价很高 have a high opinion of 对……评价很高 【活学活用】 (1) We ____________________ (对……评价很高) their research in this field. (2) I ____________________________ (对……评价不高) her idea. We ________________________________ (高度评价) his contributions to his country. *I can’t _____ his name at the moment. A. think over B. think about C. think D. think of think/speak highly of don't think much of/think little of sing high praise for/speak highly of 25. 以throw为中心 throw at　 把……投向 throw away 丢弃，浪费；错失(机会) throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事 throw up 呕吐；使显眼；匆匆建造 *Every day, people _____ a lot of rubbish. A. give away B. throw away C. clean away D. wash away *What a pity! He ____________ the only chance of success. A. gave in B. put down C. threw away D. broke off 26. 以turn为中心 turn away 把……打发走，转脸不理睬 turn down 调小；驳回，拒绝考虑 turn off 关上；拐弯；使厌烦 turn on 打开；依靠，取决于；突然攻击 turn out 出席；证明是；向外；出现 turn over 翻转；转动 turn round/around 旋转，转过身来 turn in 上交(=hand in) turn to 转向，求助于 turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来 *The mobile phone you lost yesterday has　______. A. turned in B. turned out C. turned to D. turned up　　 1. 【误】 He is listening the teacher carefully. 【正】 He is listening carefully. 【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully. 【解析】 学习实义动词，一定要分清楚这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。 反面解读 2．【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible. 【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 【解析】 连系动词后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如get, become, grow等)外，系动词不用于进行时态和被动结构。 3． After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside. A．set out　B．took over　C．took up　D．set up 【误】 B 【正】 C 【解析】 对高频短语take up的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事……”。句意：简在医学院学了五年后，在乡村从事医生工作。 set out“出发， 开始”； take over“接收， 接管”； take up“拿起， 开始从事”； set up“设立， 竖立”。 根据题意选C。 1． [2010·全国卷Ⅰ] The workers __________ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. A．carried B．delivered C．pressed D．packed 【解析】 D　考查动词词义辨析。 句意为：工人们把眼镜打包，然后在每个箱子上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。 实战演练 2． [2010·辽宁卷] The new movie____________ to be one of the biggest money­makers of all time. A．promises B．agrees C．pretends D．declines 【解析】 A　考查动词词义辨析。 promise表示“允诺，答应”， “有……的希望”的意思； agree意为“同意，赞同”；pretend意为“假装”；decline意为“减少，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。又如： The girl ______ to be a good teacher if she is well trained in an art school. A. expects B. promises C. allows D. wishes 实战演练 3． What the young man can't ________ is that his mum always treats him like a baby. A．support B．undertake C．hold D．bear 【解析】 D　考查动词辨析。 A意为“支持”； B意为“承担，担任，着手做”；C意为“握住，容纳”；D意为“容忍，忍受”。句意为：这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应选D。 4． We want to rent a bus which can ________ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. A．load B．hold C．fill D．support 【解析】 B　根据句意，此处需用表示“容纳，包含”的动词，只有B项符合。 实战演练 5. The film Avatar ( 阿凡达 ) will be on tonight but it's at 1：30 am. I don't want to ________ that late. A．stay up B．show off C．put up D．get off 【解析】 A　考查动词短语辨析。 根据题干意思选A。 stay up熬夜； show off炫耀，卖弄； put up举起，建起，张贴； get off下车，出发，脱掉。 实战演练 6． — How are you managing to do your business without a secretary? — Well, I ________ somehow. A．get along B．care about C．watch out D．set off 【解析】 A　考查动词短语辨析。 get along(勉强)生活，工作下去； care about关注； watch out小心； set off出发。 7． I've ________ my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it. A．forgot B．left C．remained D．lost 【解析】 B　根据句意，此处需用表示“遗漏，遗落”的动词，B项符合题意。 实战演练 8． Don't let yourself be ________ into doing anything you don't want to do. A．told B．made C．talked D．asked 【答案】 C 9． The designs of the few tools should be __________ carefully, so that we can pick out the one that best suits our job. A．tried B．examined C．experimented D．experienced 【答案】 B 实战演练 10．He can't be at home now, for I saw him ___________ in the gym just now. A．giving out B．working out C．carrying out D．bringing out 【解析】 B　本题考查短语辨析。give out用完，分发；work out解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，生产。句意为：他现在不可能在家，刚才我还看到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。 实战演练 11．— So Helen, are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me? — Well，I kind of forgot to ________， so we'll have to do French. A．consult B．order C．reserve D．confirm 【解析】 C　 由答语的“so we‘ll have to do French”可以看出， 这次吃不上上次承诺给对方的中国饭菜了， 只有 “我” 忘了预定(reserve)可以讲得通。 consult商讨，向……请教； order点餐(菜或饮料)； confirm证实；确定。 实战演练 12．One primary goal of UNESCO is to ____________ modern knowledge societies in which all people can participate in information and knowledge. A．make up B．polish up C．build up D．take up 【解析】 C　考查动词短语辨析。 build up（逐渐）建立；增强 take up 从事；占据 polish up 改善，润色； make up 弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆。 句意为：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有的人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的一个基本目标。 实战演练 13．It's extremely dangerous for the drivers to ________　　 speed as the traffic lights are changing. A．pull up B．put up C．rise up D．pick up 【解析】 D　考查动词短语辨析。 句意为： 对于司机来说在红绿灯变换时， 加速是非常危险的。 pull up 停下来； put up 建造，举起，提供……住宿； rise up 起义，上升，为不及物动词词组。 pick up “加速”，符合题意。 实战演练 14．His guilty expression ________ my suspicion（猜疑）. A．considered B．committed C．confirmed D．convinced 【解析】 C　confirm 证实，确认。句意为：他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。consider认为；考虑；commit犯罪；做……承诺；convince说服，使信服。 15．We complained to the travel agency about the horrible service during our trip, but no one has ________ by now. A．responded B．advocated C．recovered D．survived 【解析】 A　respond答复，回应；advocate主张；拥护；recover恢复，找回；survive幸存，生还。 实战演练 16．Thank you for the trouble you have ______ to help me. A. paid B. taken C. had D. asked 【解析】 B　考查动词短语。 此题考查固定短语：take the trouble to do sth，表示“不辞辛劳地去做某事”。所以答案为B项。 实战演练 17．Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A. learning 　　　　　B. learned C. to learn 　　　　　D. having learned 【解析】 C　考查动词短语make (good) use of …。 此题选C项，考查的是不定式作目的状语。此句是利用被动结构设置陷阱。本句转化为主动形式是：(We) should make good use of time to learn our lessons well． 专题六 │ 实战演练 18．In New Zealand， I made lots of friends _____ a very practical knowledge of the English language. A. get 　　B. to get 　　C. getting 　　D. got 【解析】 B　 该题中不可把made理解为使役动词，而误选A项。实际上made lots friends意为“交了很多朋友”，答案为B项，不定式to get在句中作目的状语。 专题六 │ 实战演练 $$