假期作业(4)-【玩转假期】2024年高二英语寒假作业

玩转假期·高二英语 老的看法。作者认为染发浪费金钱和时间，追求自然、重 当两名选手在体能和技术上相当时，穿红色衣服的运动 视因年龄增长而带来的智慧才是重要的。 员更有可能获胜)”可知，当竞争对手有同样能力时，红 1.D细节理解题。根据第二段，尤其是该段中的“1twas 色起作用。故选C项。 expensive and time-consuming..”可知，作者认为柒发花 2.D词义猜测题。根据刻线词前面内容“when there is 费很多金钱且费时 only a small difference between them(当它们之间只有很 2.C推理判断题。根据第四段，尤其是最后一句“1jus1 小的差别时)”和划线词后面句子“The anthropologists wish more of us would feel that it is OK to be ourselves, say that the number of times red wins is not simply by because going gray has done more for me than saving me chance,but that these results are statistically significant. time and money.”和第六段中的“I should spend it doing (人类学家说，红队获胜的次数并不仅仅是偶然的，而且 what matters'”以及第七段的最后一句可推知，根据作者的 这些结果在统计学上是显著的。)”可知，正是因为穿的 观点，当我们变老时我们应该接受它并采取积极的行动。 是红色衣服，所以实力上的平衡被“改变”了。由此可 3.B写作意图题。本文作者首先叙述自己虽然头发变白 知，划线词的意思是“改变”。故逃D项。 但不再染发，从而受到别人的好评的经历，然后表达自 3.B细节理解题。根据第三段句子“Nothing in nature is 己对变老的看法一染发浪贾金线和时间，追求自然、 simple,however.because in species such as the blue 重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧才是重要的。由此可推 footed booby,a completely different colour seems to give 知，作者写本文的目的是分享她对变老的看法。 the male birds the same advantage with females,(然而， 4.D标题归纳题。根据全文的内容，尤其是最后一段第 自然界中没有什么是简单的，因为在蓝脚鲣鸟这样的物 一句“I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion against 种中，完全不同的颜色似乎赋予了雄鸟与雌鸟相同的优 the idea that people lose value as they age,instead of 势。)”可知，蓝脚鲣鸟的例子证明了，红色不是吸引障鸟 gaining it.”可知，D项“重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧“ 的唯一颜色。故选B项。 最造合作文章标题。 4.D主旨大意题。根据第一段句子“British anthropologists 假期作业（四） Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of 【典题训练·提考能】 Durham,after studying the results of one-on-one boxing. [语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名 tae kwon do.Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle 为“水龙卷”的自然现象，会将任何长度小于一米的任何物 wrestling matches at the Olympic Games,conclude that 质带到很远的地方 一有时会超过150公里。介绍了其形 when two competitors are equally matched in fitness and 成的原因以及和其有关的天上降下鱼虾等历史事件。 skill,the athlete wearing red is more likely to win. 达勒姆大学的人类学家罗素·希尔和罗伯特·巴頓在 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“On Saturday24 研究了奥运会一对一拳击、路拳道、希腊罗马式掉跤和 August 1918,it was raining cats and dogs and thundering 自由式摔跤比赛的结果后得出结论，当两名选手在体能 over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of 和技术上相当时，穿红色衣服的运动员更有可能获 England.(1918年8月24日星期六，雨下得很大，在英 格兰东北海岸一个叫桑德兰的城市上空轰鸣)”可知， 胜。)”可知，文章主要讨论了在比塞场上当两名选手在 体能和技术上相当时，穿红色衣服的运动员更有可能获 1918年8月24日的雨下得很大。rain cats and dogs表 胜这个研究成果。“红色是胜利者”可以作为本篇的最佳 示“倾盆大雨”，故选A。 标题。故选D项。 2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sand eels swim 假期作业（五） together in large groups,often in sandy water,and are 【典题训练·提考能】 often found in large numbers in the North Sea,which [语篇解读]本文为说明文，文章主要介绍了如何停止抱 reaches out to the east of Sunderland.(沙鳗经常成群结 怨，放弃消极情绪的一些措施。 队地在沙质水城中游动，经常大量出现在一直延伸到桑 1.G空格上文讲述抱怒是没用的，无益的，下文讲述下面 德兰东部的北海)”可知，降落在桑德兰的沙鳗可能来自 就是一些停止抱怨，放弃消极思想的一些建议，因此推 北海。故选D。 断空格处选G项“如何成功地让自己停止抱怨呢？”符合 3.B词义猜测题，根据画线词上文“Scientists believed 语境，起承上启下的作用。故选G the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon may have caused a 2.C空格处是段落标題。本段讲述停止思考和说一些消 waterspout.Waterspouts can be formed when strong 极的东西，强迫自己说一些积极的东西，找一个快乐的 winds move quickly in a circle over water.They are so 朋友帮助你看到事情积极的一面。因此推断本段建议 powerful;anything less than one meter in length can be 转变自己的思雏方式，不要想消极的事情，要想一些积 taken into(科学家认为那天下午的大需雨可能造成了水 极的东西。故选C。 龙卷。当强风在水面上快速旋转时，就会形成水龙卷。 3.D根据段落标题可知，本段建议把感恩的事情列个清 水龙卷非常强大，任何长度小于一米的东西都可以装进 单，感激我们所拥有的，因此推断空格处选D项“写下我 云层里)”，这里一直在描写水龙卷的形成，故them指代 们感激的事情，我们将会明白我们没有什么可抱怨的” “水龙卷”。故选B。 符合语境。故选D 4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With climate 4.A根据段落标题和空格上文可知，我们要学会适应变 change,global warming and many reports of terrible 化，总有许多事情我们不能玫变，因此推断，既然我们不能 natural disasters,will the time ever come when it may 改变，最好的也是唯一我们能做的就是接受它们。故选A。 really begin to rain cats and dogs？(随着气候变化、全球 5.F根据空格下文可知，到了你做出根难的决定换一份 变暖和许多可怕的自然灾害的报道，真有一天会下起倾 工作的时候了，因此推断空格处选D项“你总是不断抱 盆大雨吗？)”可推知，最后，作者最关心的可能是我们的 怨你现在的工作吗？”符合语境。故选F 环境。故选B。 【阅读实践·拓视野】 【阅读实践·拓视野】 语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项适合在家里 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要讨论了两位人类学 做的有氧饿冻一啊斯汤加瑜伽。 家的研究成果，那就是在比赛场上当两名选手在体能和技 l.A根据空前"Yoga can be practiced by people of all 术上相当时，穿红色衣服的运动员更有可能获胜。 ages and levels of fitness,(瑜伽可以供所有年龄段以及 l.C细节理解题。由第一段内容“conclude that when 不同健康程度的人练习，)”A项中的s0一词承上进一 two competitors are equally matched in fitness and skill. 步说明了“瑜伽也可以供人们在任何时间、任何地点来 the athlete wearing red is more likely to win.(得出结论， 做”。故选A。 ·38·玩转假期·高二英语 When I see my hair in the mirror,it's a 2.What should we do when we grow old reminder that my time is limited,and I according to the author? should spend it doing what matters. A.Give up our power. There's nothing shameful about growing B.Pretend to be still young. older.And pretending it's not happening is C.Accept it and act positively. D.Read as many books as possible. a way of giving up our power. 3.What is the author's main purpose in I see my gray hair as a little act of writing this passage? rebellion(反叛)against the idea that A.To explain why youth is valued. people lose value as they age,instead of B.To share her opinion on growing older. gaining it.I see gray hair as my“flag”and C.To stress the importance of different I'm letting it fly proudly. attitudes. 1.How does the author feel about coloring D.To analyze the advantages and disa- hair? dvantages of aging. A.It shows people's great courage. 4.Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Holding onto Youth B.It is a good way to hold onto youth. B.Dyeing Your Hair C.It shows wisdom and accomplishments. C.Gaining Value with Age D.It costs much money and it takes D.Valuing Wisdom of Age much time to do that. 假期作业（四） 典题训练提考能 Sunderland.How was it possible for these On Saturday 24 August 1918,it was sand eels to fall from the sky and land on Sunderland? raining cats and dogs and thundering over a Scientists believed the city called Sunderland on the northeast heavy coast of England.The storm lasted for only thunderstorm that afternoon may have about ten minutes.People were surprised caused a waterspout.Waterspouts can be to see that it was not just rainwater falling formed when strong winds move quickly in a from the sky.There were fish falling circle over water.They are so powerful; anything less than one meter in length can be down,too!People came out to find out what was happening.They could not taken into them and forced into the clouds. The clouds carry whatever has been taken into believe their own eyes.There were thousands of fish -sand eels-lying on them for long distances -sometimes over the ground.They were about seven 150 kilometers.It's very cold up there and everything soon freezes solid. centimeters long,and all were frozen solid. For hundreds of years there have been Sand eels swim together in large reports of small animals being taken into groups,often in sandy water,and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea, the sky through waterspouts.In 2009,dead which reaches out to the east of tadpoles rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan.In 2012,fifty kilos of prawns fell 10 第一部分快乐假期轻松学 from the sky over Sri Lanka.In 2017,fish 和综合素质等方面。词义猜测题虽不是阅 fell on the coastal city of Tampico In 读测试的重点，但也是常考题目，是对学生 Mexico. 多方面综合能力的考查。因此，高考中这类 It must be a very strange experience to 试题也将保持平稳趋势，而且试题增加了 see fish raining down on you.It would 对短语、句意的猜测的考查。近几年词义猜 probably hurt if one fell on your head! 测题难度略有增加，需在较为复杂的句式 With climate change,global warming and 中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。 many reports of terrible natural disasters, 命题方式 will the time ever come when it may really 1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合 begin to rain cats and dogs? 中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生 1.What was the rain like on 24 August 1918? 词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表 A.It was very heavy. 达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 B.It fell around England. 2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词 C.It lasted quite a long time. 组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上 D.It caused many human deaths. 下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 2.What do we know about the sand eels 3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类 that landed on Sunderland? 型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”“递向寻踪法” A.They were few in number. 理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键 B.They came in different sizes. 所在。 C.They were still alive when landing. 该类题常见的考查形式： D.They probably came from the North Sea. l.The underlined word“.”in the second 3.What does the underlined word "them" (third...)paragraph refers to(means) in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Clouds. 2.By saying that“..”in the first B.Waterspouts. second...)paragraph,the author C.Strong winds. means that D.The waters of the sea. 3.In Paragraph...,"..."can be replaced 4.In the end,what does the author by“ probably care most about? 4.The meaning of“..”in Paragraph. A.Our health. is related to B.Our environment. 5.Which of the following has the closest C.The wild animals. meaning to...(Paragraph...)? D.The news reports. 6.The underlined sentence in the .. 自主探究培素养] paragraph probably means that 阅读理解一词义猜测题 考题解读 解题技巧 词义猜测题旨在考查学生根据上下文 对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测， 推测生词、短语或句意的能力，着重考查对 但这种猜测不是胡乱的、盲目的，而应有一 语境的分析和把握能力。它不仅考查学生 定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜 的语言水平，还考查学生的语言应用能力 测词义的方法供同学们参考。 11 玩转假期·高二英语 1.构词法猜词。 句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派 号引出并加以解释说明的方式。常见的 生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词 词有：mean,that is,.in other words,for 义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable这个词， example,for instance,.such as.,.等。 可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see, 6.根据语义转折猜词。 able:其中see是词根，fore是“先，前， 有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会 预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能… 用一些含有表示转折意思的连词、副词 的，可…的”，因此unforeseeable是“未 或短语。如：though,although,still,but, 能预见到的”意思。 yet,instead,instead of,however,while, 2.利用同义近义词猜词。 on the contrary,on the other hand, 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现 unlike,rather than,for one thing,for another 与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可 等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。 从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。比如 阅读实践松祝贸 在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or, British anthropologists Russell Hill 相连的词语或短语在句中作相同的成 and Robert Barton of the University of 分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含 Durham,after studying the results of one- 义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等 on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman 关系中的某个生词所属的义域，从而推 wrestling and freestyle wrestling matches at 出它的大致词义。 the Olympic Games,conclude that when two 3.利用反义词猜词。 competitors are equally matched in fitness 对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式，在对 and skill,the athlete wearing red is more 比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根 likely to win. 据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。 Hill and Barton report that when one competitor is much better than the other, 利用反义词来推测生词的意义，如反义 colour has no effect on the result. 词hot and cold,perfect and imperfect,甚 However,when there is only a small 至前后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等， difference between them,the effect of 在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间 colour is enough to tip the balance.The 的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 anthropologists say that the number of times 4.利用上下文语境猜词。 red wins is not simply by chance,but that 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是 these results are statistically significant. 绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整 Joanna Setchell,a primate(灵长目动 篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和 researcher at the University of 线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推 Cambridge,has found similar results in 测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也 nature.She studies the large African 是近年来高考考查的热点。 monkeys known as mandrills.Mandrills 5.利用定义和解释猜词。 have bright red noses that stand out 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一 against their white faces.Setchell's work 些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义 shows that the powerful males-the ones 来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据 who are more successful with females- 文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从 have a brighter red nose than other males. ·12 第一部分快乐假期轻松学 As well as the studies on primates by 1. According to their research.Hill and Setchell,another study shows the effect of Barton conclude that red among birds.In an experiment, A.the colour of clothing has an effect on scientists put red plastic rings on the legs most sport events of male zebra finches and this increased the B.red should be the choice of colour for birds'success with female zebra finches. clothing in sports Zebra finches already have bright red beaks C.red plays a role when competitors are (鸟喙)，so this study suggests that,as with equally capable Olympic athletes,an extra flash of red is D.athletes perform better when surrounded significant.In fact,researchers from the by bright red University of Glasgow say that the birds' 2.The underlined word“tip”in Paragraph brightly coloured beaks are an indicator of 2 is closest in meaning to health.Jonathan Blount,a biologist,and his A.achieve B.seek colleagues think they have found proof that C.keep D.change bright red or orange beaks attract females 3.The example of the blue footed booby because they mean that the males are proves that healthier.Nothing in nature is simple, A.male birds use different body parts to however,because in species such as the draw attention blue footed booby,a completely different B.red is not the only colour to attract colour seems to give the male birds the female birds same advantage with females. C.blue gives female birds the same Meanwhile,what about those athletes advantage who win in their events while wearing red? D.blue can indicate how healthy a bird is Do their clothes give them an unintentional 4.What is the best title for the passage? advantage?Robert Barton accepts that "that is A.What Colour Implies More Power? the implication"of their findings.Is it time for B.A Tip on Clothing. sports authorities to consider new regulations C.Need to Change the Rules in Sports? on sports clothing? D.Red Is for Winners. 假期作业（五） 典题训练提考能 Every one complains.Even if you When you find yourself thinking or argue that you are the happiest person in saying a negative comment about something the world,you still complain sometimes. or someone,stop and force yourself to say Sometimes you complain without even something positive instead.Seek the help of a realizing it,but rarely is it ever helpful. cheerful friend to change you when you 1 Here are some tips to stop complaining complain and help you to see the positive in the situation. and give up the negative thoughts: Make a list of things you are grateful for. 3