Unit 4 Body language 单元导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

新人教版选必一第四单元导学案 XB1U4 Body Language 一、词性转换 1. interact vt. & vi. 相互影响，互相作用→___________ n. 交流；相互影响 2. vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变→_________n. 种类；范畴→_________adj. 各种各样的 3. approve vi.赞 成；同意 vt. 批准；通过→___________ n. 赞成；批准→___________n. 反对→ ___________adj. 赞许的；许可的 4. demonstrate vt. 表现；说明；证明→______________n. 证明；演示 5. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用→__________n. 雇主；老板→_________n. 雇员→___________ n. 职业；工作；雇用→______________n. 失业；失业人数，失业率→___________adj.失业的 6. interpret vt. 把…理解(解释)为 vi.&vt. 口译→___________n. 口译；翻译→___________n. 翻译官 7. differ vi. 相异；不同于→__________n. 不同→__________adj. 不同的 8. anger n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒→__________adj. 生气的 9. favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同→_________adj. 赞成的；有利的→ __________adj. 最喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人（或事物） 10. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→_______v. 依靠；可靠 11. slight adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的→ _________adv. 略微；稍微 12. assess vt. 评估；评价→____________ n. 评价；评定 13. educate vt. 教育；训练→_________adj. 受过教育的；有教养的→_________n. 教育；教育学；训练→_________ adj. 教育的；有教育意义的→_________ n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家 14. tendency n. 趋势；倾向→__________v. 趋向；走势 15. lower vt. 把…放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；较小的→__________adj. 低的，矮小的；低洼的；沮丧的；下贱的 adv.____________ 低声地；谦卑地 16. occupy vt. 占据；占用→__________n. 占领；工作；职业→__________adj. 使用中；忙于；被占领的 17. distract vt. 分散(注意力)；使分心→___________n. 分心；分散 18. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕→___________adj. 焦虑的；不安的 19. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的→___________v. 使尴尬→___________ n. 尴尬；难堪→ _____________ adj. 令人难堪的 20. shame n. 羞耻，羞愧→__________adj. 羞愧；惭愧→___________adj.可耻的；不道德的→___________adj. 无耻的 21. inquire vi. &vt. 询问；打听→__________n. 询问；打听；调查；查问 22. adjust vt.调整；调节 vi. &vt. 适应；(使)习惯→__________n. 调整，调节→___________adj. 调节的；可调整的 23. react vi. (对…)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→___________n. 反应；回应 24. appropriate adj. 合适的→____________ adv. 合适地→_____________adj. 不合适的 25. internal adj. 内部的；里面的→ ____________ adj. 外部的；外面的 26. barely adv. 几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→______________ adj. 赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 27. distinguish v. 区分；辨别→____________adj. 卓越的；杰出的 28. identical adj. 相同的→___________adv. 相同地→___________v. 证明，表明；认出→ ____________ n. 身份；同一性 29. clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明，澄清→____________n. 阐明，澄清 30. imply vt. 意味着，暗示→ ____________ n. 暗示，言外之意 二、重点单词讲解： 1. vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 (1) vary in sth. ____________ vary with sth. ____________ vary from...to… 由……到……情况不等 (2) a variety of＝varieties of =various ____________ 1　 用vary 的适当形式填空 America is regarded as a melting pot where exists a ____________ of ethnic and cultural groups with ____________ customers. Sometimes people’s customers can ____________ with time. 美国被称为一个熔炉，在那里存在着多种多样的有着不同风俗习惯的民族和文化群体。有时人们的风俗习惯会随时间而变化。 2　 翻译句子：我非常喜欢读书，尤其是故事书，无论是中文的还是英文的。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. approve vi.赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过 approve of 赞成；同意 approve of sb./sb's doing sth 同意某人做某事 approval n.赞成；同意；批准；认可 give approval to 批准 特别提醒：“赞成/同意某人做某事”不可用 approve sb. to do sth, 应该用 approve of sb/sb's doing sth, 其中介词 of后是动词-ing形式的复合结构。 【融会应用】单句填空/单句写作 (1) The chairman instantly ____________ (approve) the proposal after he saw it. (2) Does what I have done meet with your __________ (approve)? (3) _________________________________________________________________________ 我不是总需要别人的认同。如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。（读后续写之心理描写) (4)__________________________________________________________________________ 如果你同意我的申请并通知我面试，我将十分感激。（应用文写作之申请信) 3. witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人 The witness who witnessed the accident promised to be a witness. 目击了这起事故的目击者答应作证。 ·witness sb doing sth 目击/看见某人做某事 a witness to… ….的证人/证据 ·bear/give witness to 为···作证；证明·· (a) witness for 作证；为···辩护 特别提醒: witness 作“见证”讲时，同 see等词一样，可以用时间或地点名词作主语，使用拟人化的手法。 (1) He witnessed the man __________ (enter)the room. (2) His good health is a witness _________ the success of the treatment. (3) _____________________________________________________________________________ 在过去的20年，成都发生了巨大变化，其中快速发展的经济是一大亮点。 4. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇佣 ·employ sb as.雇用某人作为··· employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事 ·employ sth to do sth 利用某物做某事 ·employ oneself in .. ( be employed in ...)从事···；忙于··· ·employment n.雇用 ·employer n.雇主 ·employee n.雇员；雇工 The employees dressed up as movie characters, and every customer received a discount card. 员工们打扮成电影角色，每个顾客都收到了一张折扣卡。(2023·浙江1月) (1) Many local people are employed ________ guides in the tourism industry. (2) A number of people have been employed _______ (deal) with the work. (3)______________________________________________________________________________ 我很高兴地试用了所有的露营装备，而妈妈忙着和那善良的一家人愉快地聊天。（读后续写之场景描写） (4) _____________________________________________________________________________ 最近几年来，那位大学教授一直忙于研究野生动物保护（问题）。 5. differ vi. 不同于；相异 The car differs from that one, but many can't tell the difference between them. As far as I know, their types are different. 这辆车和那辆不同，但许多人分不清两者的区别。据我所知，它们的类型不同。 ·differ in..在...方面不同 differ from.. 与···不同/有区别 ·difference n.不同；差别 make a difference(to...) (对……)作用或影响 ·different adj.不同的 differently adv.不同地 (1) Worried about my health, I tried many ____________ (differ) kinds of diets but none worked. (2) There're many ____________ (differ) between British English and American English. (3) There is no denying that customs _________________ and those of China often reflect Chinese moral values and people. 不可否认，不同国家的风俗习惯各不相同，中国的风俗习惯往往反映了中国人对自然和人的道德价值观。（主题写作之文化） (4) _____________________________________________________________________________ 毫无疑问，我们每天的小行为必然会对我们的环境产生巨大的影响。 6. favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同 ·ask a favour of sb 求某人帮一个忙 do a favour for sb=do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情 in favour of 赞成；主张 in one's favour 对某人有利 ·favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的；最喜欢的 n.特别喜爱的人（或事物） ·favourable adj.赞同的；有利的 (1) Most of the classmates were in favour _______ my opinion while Xiaoming was against it. (2) The exchange rate is _________ our favour for the time being. (3) Chances always ____________________ who make adequate preparations. 机会往往垂青那些有充分准备的人。（读后续写之主题升华） (4)_______________________________________________________________ 来请你帮我一个忙。（应用文写作之求助信） 7. distinguish vt. 区分；辨别 vt. 使著名 ·distinguish between A and B 区分/辨别A和B distinguish A from B 将A与B区别开 distinguish oneself(as..) (作为....)使自己出众 ·distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for.. 因...而著名 be distinguished as..作为...而著名 e.g. What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. Hammond 指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。(2023·浙江1月) (1) The Chinese nation is ______________ (distinguish)for its diligence and courage. (2) The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one ___________ the other. (3) He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school._________________________________________________(用过去分词短语作状语改写) (4) ______________________________________________________________________________ 阅读好书既能充实我们的思想，又能教我们分辨是非。 8. tendency n. 趋势；倾向 ·have a tendency to do sth 有 (做).....的趋势/倾向 ·tend vi.趋向（于）；趋于 vt.照顾；护理 tend to do sth倾向于做某事 (1) The gap between them has a tendency ______________ (become)wider and wider. (2) She spends her spare time ___________ (tend) her old mother. (3) It means that more heat energy ___________________ in the atmosphere, causing the global temperature to go up. 这就意味着更多的热能被困在了大气层中，因而造成了全球气温上升。 (4) ______________________________________________________________________________ 近年来，人们越来越倾向于在网上购物，大多数人都有过网上购物的经历。 9. bother n. 麻烦；不便 vt.&vi. 费心；麻烦；因...操心 ·bother about/with sth 花费时间精力（做某事） bother sb with sth 用某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do/doing sth 操心做某事 It bothers sb to do sth/that.. 做某事/....使某人苦恼 sorry to bother you 很抱歉打扰你一下 don't bother 别费事了 ·bothered adj. 烦恼的 be bothered (about sb/sth) 认为（某人或某事）重要；关心（某人或某事） can't be bothered (to do sth) 懒得做某事（表示不想花时间精力做某事) (1) I didn't want to put you _________ any bother. (2) It really bothered me __________ he’d forgotten my birthday. (3) I am impressed with the people _______________________________ in need. Their small act of kindness is powerful enough to make a huge difference. 那些费心帮助需要帮助的人给我留下了深刻的印象。他们小小的善行足以产生巨大的影响。（读后续写之主旨升华） 10. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 ·be/feel embarrassed at/about.... 因.....感到尴尬 be embarrassed with/by 对... 感到尴尬/苦恼/为难 ·embarrass vt.使尴尬；使窘迫 ·embarrassment n.尴尬；难堪；惹麻烦的人或事 (much) to one's embarrassment 令某人(非常)尴尬的是 ·embarrassing adj.令人不安的；令人尴尬的 (1) It can be _____________(embarrass)for children to tell complete strangers about such incidents. (2) He felt ______________ (embarrass) about his mistakes, so he locked himself in his room. (3) Played a trick on by her students, the new women teacher ______________________________. 受到学生们的捉弄后，这位新来的女教师似乎很尴尬，脸都红了。 (4) _____________________________________________________________________________. 她意识到大家一直在听她唱歌，感到很不好意思。 11. adjust vt. 调整；调节 vt. & vi. 适应；（使）习惯 ·adjust....to... 调整.....以适应.... adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to 使自己适应于 ·adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 make adjustments to 对.....进行调整 Having tried several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system. 在这两个月里，这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整，最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。 (1) It took her a while to adjust to _________ (live) alone. (2) I'm writing to tell you something about the _____________ (adjust) of our legal holidays. (3) ______________________________________________________________________________ 知道你在适应新的高中生活方面有困难，我有一些建议你可以采纳。（应用文写作之建议信) 12. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕 ·with anxiety= anxiously 焦虑地 ·anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的 be anxious for/about ... 为....担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事 be anxious that .. (should) do sth. 希望…… (1)___________, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit. = She took the dress out of the package and tried it on ____________, only to find it didn’t fit. 她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身了。 (2) I was told the Learning Centre provides help for students and I'm anxious ___________ (get) help from you. (3)_____________________________________________________________________________ 干旱已持续了好几个月，这使得农民很担心收成。 13. ashamed adj.羞愧的；惭愧的 ·be/feel ashamed of ... 因……感到惭愧/羞愧/羞耻(多指内在的人或事) be/feel ashamed for ... 为/替……感到惭愧/羞愧/羞耻(多指外在的人或事) be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事；不情愿做某事 ·shame n. 羞耻；羞愧;惭愧 It's a shame that ... 真遗憾... ·shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的 (1) I felt ashamed ___________ your attitude to your parents. (2) I was ashamed ___________ (tell) him that I had failed. (3) It's a shame _________ a good student should do something like that. 14. react vi. (对...)起反应；回应 ·react to 对....产生反应 react against 与...相排斥；反抗 react with 与...进行化学反应 ·reaction n.反应 in reaction to..作为对...的反应；以应对... (1) Many chemical substances react __________ oxygen. (2) Someone allergic to milk is likely to react ________ cheese. (3) The students reacted __________ the bullying. 15. break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器）出故障；（身体）跨掉；（会谈）失败 (1) The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. (2) Your health will break down if you keep staying up late. (3) Plastic bags are difficult to break down. (4)It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing. 特别提醒：break in 和break into都可以表示“闯入”，但二者用法不同。前者不跟宾语，不用于被动语态；后者可以接宾语，可用于被动语态。 (5)翻译短语：break in _______________ break into _______________break off _______________ break out _______________ break through ____________ break up _____________________ break away from _____________ 16. in other words 换句话说，也就是说 in a/one word 总之；简而言之 keep one's word 遵守诺言 break one's word 失信；不守诺言 have a word with 与……谈一谈 have words with 与……吵架 word comes/came that…. 有消息说…. 特别提醒: 与 in other words 意思相同的表达有 namely, that is, that is to say, in another word. (1) Word came________ Linda won first place in the English competition yesterday. (2) She hoped he would keep ________ (he) word. But her hope was a fragile thing. (3)____________________________________________________________________________ 理论决不应该脱离实践。换句话说，理论联系实际是很重要的。（读后续写之主题升华) 17. call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 call in _______call for ________call up ______ call back ________ call off_____________ 除 call on sb.之外，表示“拜访”的短语还有： call at a place 拜访某地 drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人 drop in at a place 顺便拜访某地 pay a visit to sb. /a place 拜访某人/某地 一、词性转换 1.interation 2.variety; various/varied 3.approval, disapproval, approving 4.demonstration 5.employer; employee; employment; unemployment 6.interpretation; interpreter 7.difference, different 8.angry 9.favourable; favourite 10.rely 11.slightly 12.assesement 13.educated; education; educational; educator 14.tend 15.low 16.occupation; occupied 17.distraction 18.anxious 19.embarrass embarrassment embarrassing 20.ashamed shameful shameless 21.inquiry 22.adjustment adjustable 23.reaction 24.appropriately inappropriate 25.external 26.bare 27.distinguished 28.identically identify identity 29.clarification 30.implication 二、重点单词讲解 1. (1) 在„...(大小、形状等)上不同；随„..变化/改变 (2) 各种各样的 即学即练 (1) variety; various/varied; vary (2) I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying from Chinese stories to English stories. 2. (1) approved (2)approval (3) I don't need approval all the time. If someone does not approve of me, I will still be okay. (4) I would appreciate it if you could approve of my application and inform me of the interview. 3. (1) entering (2) to (3) In the past 20 years, Chengdu has witnessed great changes of which the rapidly developing economy is a highlight. 4. (1) as (2) to deal (3) I had fun trying all the camping equipment and Mom was employed in chatting happily with the kind family. (4) The professor at the university has been employed in researching wildlife protection in recent years . 5. (1) different (2) differences (3) differ in different countries (4) Without doubt, our small acts on a daily basis are bound to make a big difference to our environment. 6. (1) of (2) in (3) favour those (4) I'm writing to ask you to do me a favour. 7. (1)distinguished (2) from (3)Distinguished for his knowledge of economics, he was elected as head of the economic school. (4)Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. 8. (1)to become (2) tending (3) tends to be trapped (4)In recent years, there has been a growing tendency for people to shop online, and most people have had the experience of shopping online. 9. (1) to (2) that (3) who bothered to help/helping the people 10. (1)embarrassing (2)embarrassed (3)seemed very embarrassed with her face red (4) Much to her embarrassment, she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing. 11. (1)living (2)adjustments (3)Knowing that you have difficulty in adjusting to your new high school life I have some advice you can take. 12. (1) Anxiously; with anxiety (2) to get (3) The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious the harvest. 13. (1) for (2) to tell (3) that 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$