2025年中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题十四复合句

专题十四　复合句 脉络构建·知重点 语法研析·速通关 考点一　宾语从句 宾语从句三重点 宾语从句 构成规则 例　句 连接词 what,when,where,how,who,whom,whose等特殊疑问词作连接词 When did he leave for Japan?Could you tell me? =Could you tell me when he left for Japan? 你能告诉我他什么时候动身去的日本吗? 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,连接词用whether或if,表示“是否” Are you from Japan?He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I was from Japan. 他问我是不是来自日本。 that作连接词 She was a good girl.The teacher told us. =The teacher told us (that) she was a good girl. 老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。 宾语从句 构成规则 例　句 语序 从句一律用陈述语序,即主语+谓语 What’s Kate’s email address?Do you know? =Do you know what Kate’s email address is? 你知道凯特的电子邮箱地址吗? 宾语从句 构成规则 例　句 时态 主句是现在时,从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 主句是过去时,从句使用与过去相关的时态 He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。 从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时 He told me that the earth goes round the sun. 他告诉过我地球绕着太阳转。 [注意] (1)在介词之后,动词不定式之前或在or (not) 之前,只用whether,不用if。 例如:Let me know whether he will come or not.让我知道他是否会来。 (2)有些疑问词作句子的主语,所以问句本身就是陈述语序,在变成宾语从句时,语序无需变化。例如: Do you know what is happening over there? 你知道那边发生了什么吗? Do you know what’s the matter with him? 你知道他怎么了吗? (3)宾语从句的简化 ①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。例如: I hope that I can receive your email. =I hope to receive your email. 我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 ②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。例如: She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next. 她不知道下一步该做什么。 【先悟后练】 根据句意用适当的连接词填空。 1.—Excuse me, how long will it take me to get to Xiamen? —Well, it depends on _____ you will get there. 2.I’m not sure ___ I can come to the party tomorrow. 3.(2024·长春一模)—Could you tell me ______ you arrived in Shanghai? —I didn’t arrive there until 4:00 p.m. 4.The teacher asked the students ___ they were interested in dinosaurs. 5.—Could you please tell me _______ the supermarket is? —It’s over there, opposite the school. how if when if where 6.(2024·泉州一模)The saying “Learn the new while reviewing the old” tells us _____ we can learn.  7.Not everyone knows ______ they want to be. Just make sure you try your best, and you’ll be anything you want. 8.(2024·成都一模)—Do you know ______ tea was first drunk? —Not exactly. Was it before the Tang Dynasty? 9.(2024·成都一模)I wonder _____ the blind man went across the busy street without others’ help. 10.—What did your parents say to you just now? —They asked me ___ I enjoyed myself at the party. 11.The teacher told us _____ the moon moves around the earth. how what when how if that 考点二　定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why)连接起来。定语从句前的那个被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。例如: Chinese Restaurant is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people. 主句:Chinese Restaurant is a very relaxing TV program 从句:which is popular among the young people 先行词:TV program 因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项,如what。 根据成分选关系词 在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。 (1)一看指人还是物 先行词指人:that,who,whose,whom 先行词指物:that,which,whose (2)二看在句中作何成分 所作成分 关系词 主语 who(人),which(物),that(人/物) 宾语 who/whom(人),which(物),that(人/物) 例1　My brother likes the stories _______were written by Mark Twain because they are humorous.先行词(the stories)指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which/that。  例2　He is the boy _______I talked with just now.先行词(the boy)指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词whom/who/that/或不填(注:关系代词在句中作宾语时常可省略)。  (3)三看是否属特殊 只能用关系代词that的情况: ①先行词是不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing,all,little,few,much,none,some等时。例如: As we all know,all that can be done has been done. 众所周知,所有能做的都已经做了。 ②先行词被 the only,the very,the right,the last等修饰时。例如: It is the only word that I don’t know in the passage. 这是这篇文章里唯一一个我不认识的单词。 ③当先行词既有人又有物时。例如: The characters and events that the author described in his book are very interesting. 作者在他书里描写的那些人和事非常有意思。 ④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或先行词本身就是序数词时。例如: This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. 这是这座城市迄今为止放映过的最好的电影。 【先悟后练】 用适当的关系词填空 1.China is getting better at making hi-tech products ___________ can be bought in all parts of the world. 2.(2024·成都一模)The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge ___________ is the world’s longest cross-sea bridge has been open to traffic for five years. 3.(2024·成都一模)Chengdu is an ancient but popular city ___________ is famous for all kinds of delicious food. 4.The students in our school are required to read books ___________ are full of the “red spirit” this year. which/that which/that which/that which/that 5.(2024·三明一模)— I think the poems ___________ were written by Li Bai are beautiful. —I agree with you. 6.Most of my friends like movies ___________ are funny. 7.(2023·浙江模拟)This is the most beautiful picture _____ I have seen. 8.(2023·绥化模拟)Beijing is a city ___________many people want to visit. In the city, you can see past and future, dream and passion(激情). 9.(2023·长春模拟)I will always remember the teachers _________ teach me in my junior high. which/that which/that that which/that who/that 10.The students _________ don’t work hard will not pass the exam. 11.(2023·绥化模拟)I know those volunteers _________ are helping the poor children. 12.—Of all the good study habits _____ you can develop, asking questions is the key because you can always learn from each other in this way. —You’re right. 13.(2023·阜新中考)The woman astronaut _________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang. 14.(2023·哈尔滨中考)—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist _________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). who/that who/that that who/that who/that 15.(2023·青海中考)A best friend is a person _____ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” 16.I will remember the important people _________ helped and supported me in my life. 17.Lots of Chinese young people _________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. 18.(2023·牡丹江中考)If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing _____ can’t be achieved. 19.(2023·遂宁中考)Miss Xiang is a great teacher _________ always makes her classes lively and fascinating. who who/that who/that that who/that 20.The Aerospace Square ___________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction. 21.—What can we do for the left-home children _________ need help? —We could help them with their study online on weekends. 22.(2023·乐山中考)Guo Moruo is a famous Chinese writer _________ is popular around the world. 23.Today’s China is a country _____ keeps to its national character. 24.(2023·郴州中考)Tea is the leaf of a plant ___________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries. which/that who/that who/that that that/which 25.Lei Feng is a great person _________ sets a good example to us. 26.(2023·成都中考)He showed me the photos ___________ he took at his graduation ceremony. 27.(2023·达州中考)—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books _____ I have ever read. —Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to reading it again. 28.—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies ___________ give me something to think about. who/that that/which that that/which 考点三　状语从句 用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句和方式状语从句。 1.初中常见的从属连词 具体用法 从属连词 表时间 when当……时候,while正当……时,after在……之后,before在……之前,until直到……,as soon as一……就,since自从…… 表条件 if如果,unless除非,如果不,in case万一,once一旦 表让步 though虽然,although尽管,even though/if即使 具体用法 从属连词 表原因 because因为,since既然,as由于 表结果 so/such...that如此……以至于 2.主句与从句时态问题 (1)“主将从现”:主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时。常见的使用“主将从现”原则的连词有:表示时间的when,while,after,before,until,till,whenever,as soon as等;表示条件的if,unless等。例如: He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.他一到美国就给我写信。 (2)“主情从现”:主句有情态动词,从句使用一般现在时。例如: You can get good grades if you study hard. 如果你好好学习,你就会取得好成绩。 (3)“主祈从现”:主句使用祈使句,从句使用一般现在时。例如: Be careful when you cross the road. 当你过马路时要小心。 (4)since引导的时间状语从句,主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。例如: She has been a teacher since she moved to this city. 自从她搬到这座城市,她就当了一名老师。 【先悟后练】用适当的连词填空 1.(2024·石家庄一模)Lisa usually goes bike riding on Saturday _______ it is rainy. 2.(2024·龙岩一模)—How about having a school trip tomorrow? —We will go __________the weather is fine.  3.(2024·淮安一模)China’s first AI cartoon in history Qianqiu shisong (千秋诗颂) caught people’s attention __________ it made its first appearance on CCTV 1.  4.(2024·阜阳一模)—Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the nearest bank? —Go down this road ______ you get to a school, and then turn left. unless as long as as soon as until 5.(2024·泉州一模)—I’m afraid to dance in public and I don’t think I can make it. —You never know ______ you try it. 6.The cake is ___ delicious _____ I enjoy it very much. 7.Learning to write is learning to think. You don’t know things easily _______ you write them down. 8.—Miss Wang, what’s the most important thing _______ we go travelling? —You should make a plan first. 9.(2023·武威中考)Let’s wait ______ the rain stops. 10.Chinese people were so excited ______ the Shenzhou-13 was successfully launched into space. until so that unless before until when 11.(2023·湘西中考)Wild animals will be in great danger _______ we protect them together. 12.(2023·抚顺中考)My parents won’t allow me to do things I like _______ I finish my homework. 13.(2023·沈阳中考)“Post-2000s” (00 后) have begun to amaze the world ________ they are very young. 14. __________ the times keep changing, young people in China have shown the same promise. 15.History is my favorite subject ________ it’s very interesting. unless unless though Although because 16. ______ you can’t work out the problem, perhaps you need to ask your classmates for help. 17.Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to live, ________ villages and farms are growing bigger and taking away their land. 18.Mary has learned a lot about the history of Sichuan _______ she can be a tour guide.  19.Gu Ailing worked ___ hard _____ she got excellent achievements at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Since because so that so that Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子 1.Linda prefers musicians _________ play different kinds of music. 2.Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _____ I have ever read. 3.(2023·朝阳中考)A true friend is a person _________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 4.These new neighbors, to _______ I was introduced yesterday, have come here from Beijing. 5.(2024·宿迁三模)The students are reading stories ___________ are full of positive energy these days. 语法巩固·提升练 who/that that who/that whom which/that 6.(2024·扬州二模)Armstrong became the first man _____ walked on the moon on 20th July, 1969. 7.(2024·成都三模)Those _____ do not prepare for their future will hardly succeed. 8.The car _______ color is red is my father’s. 9.I still remember the teachers and the college _____ I visited in Canada four years ago. 10.Do you still remember the place ___________ we visited last week? 11.The dragon is the only animal _____ isn’t real among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac(生肖). that who whose that that/which that 12.(2024·雅安三模)Sichuan is home to pandas ___________ are known as a national treasure of China. 13.(2024·宿迁三模)The umbrella ___________ I had just bought was broken after the heavy rain. 14.(2024·遂宁二模)Chengdu is a big city in _______ we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life. 15.I will remember all the stories _____ my grandma told me. 16.(2024·成都二模)The wallet is not the only thing _____ I lost. 17.October 1, 1949 is the day ______ the PRC was founded. which/that which/that which that that when 18.(2024·长春一模)This is Jilin Province Museum ___________ I have visited several times. 19.—Could you please tell me _____ they will learn Chinese? —Of course.By communicating with each other in Chinese. 20.—Do you know _______ we are going to take the school trip? —I hear we will go to a village near Mount Huangshan. that/which how where Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.—Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China(《舌尖上的中国》)? —Yeah! It’s the most interesting one that I __________(see).  2.Could you say it again? I didn’t hear what you _____(say) just now? 3.Grandma was tired. She fell asleep while she ____________(read) a newspaper.  4.My mother asked me if I ___________(visit) my aunt the next day?   5.(2024·连云港中考)—John, can you tell me what you ________(do) in the future?  —I want to be a football player. 6.To know what the mountain top ______(look) like, you need to reach it. have seen said was reading would visit will do looks Ⅲ.根据中文意思,补全英语译文 1.杰克不确定哪一条是去邮局最近的路。 Jack is not sure _______ ___ the shortest way to the post office. 2.在你向别人求助之前,要弄清楚他是否适合回答你的问题。 Before you ask someone for help, find out _________ ____ ___ the right person for your problem. 3.随着技术的发展,没有人知道世界将会是什么样子。 With the development of the technology, nobody knows what the world _____ ____ _____. which is whether he is will be like 4.(2024·乐山中考)——我刚从广州回来。你能猜到我是怎么到那里的吗? ——我想你坐的是高铁。 —I just went back from Guangzhou. Can you guess how __ ____ there? —I suppose you took the high-speed train. 5.阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。 Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music ___________ has become one of China’s national treasures. I got which/that $$