2025年中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题五代词课件

专题五　代　词 脉络构建·知重点 语法研析·速通关 考点一　人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 A)人称代词 人称 主格/单数 宾格/单数 主格/复数 宾格/复数 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he,she,it him,her,it they them ◆人称代词的用法 类别 位置 作用 例　句 主格 句首 主语 She is a good student. 她是一名好学生。 宾格 动词、 介词 之后 宾语或 表语 I don’t know her.我不认识她。 His mother is waiting for him outside. 他的妈妈正在外面等他。 —Who is there?谁在那儿? —It’s me.是我。 巧学妙记人称代词 人称代词有两格,分为主格和宾格; 主格句中作主语,宾语用的是宾格; 句首、动前用主格,动后介后用宾格。 【先悟后练】 1.That’s _____(he). That’s the man I was talking about. 2.(2023·扬州中考)The children have painted since ______(them) could first pick up a brush. 3.My mother’s birthday is coming. I will buy a gift for _____(she). 4.(2023·安徽中考)I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy ______(they). him they her them 5.The twins look the same, even their father finds ___(it) difficult to tell them from each other. 6.—Mum, where is my father? I want to give _____(he) a gift. —Oh, he is out. 7. Using AI tools in the right way can help ___(we) to work better. it him us B)物主代词 人称 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 形容 词性 my your his,her,its our your their 名词性 mine yours his,hers,its ours yours theirs ◆物主代词的用法 类别 作用 例句 形容词性 物主代词 作定语 This is her computer. 这是她的电脑。 名词性物 主代词 作主语 This isn’t your pen.Yours is on the table. 这不是你的钢笔。你的在桌子上。 作宾语 I can’t find my ruler.Can I use yours? 我找不到我的尺子了。我可以用你的吗? 作表语 This coat is hers. 这件大衣是她的。 巧学妙记 物主代词用法口诀 形物代词能力差,自己不能来当家; 句子当中作定语,后面要把名词加; 名物代词能力强,自己独来又独往; 句子成分主表宾,后面名词不再加。 【先悟后练】 1.(2023·天津中考)_____ teacher talked to ____about the stories of the Silk Road.(we) 2.—Jim, may I borrow ______(you) dictionary? —Oh, sorry. ______(I) is at home. 3.(2023·连云港中考)Your school library looks as modern as _____(we). Can you show me around? 4.(2023·成都中考)—Gina, have you seen my textbook? —Oh, sorry. I took ______(you) by mistake. 5.(2024·成都中考)Miss Lin teaches piano very well. With ____(she) help, I’ve made great progress. Our us your Mine ours yours her 6. (2024·齐齐哈尔中考)—Hi, Linda. The bicycle is the newest style. Is it Mary’s? —Yes, it’s _____(she). She bought it last week. 7.—Mary, is this your sister’s smartwatch? —No, _____(she) is pink. 8.(2024·雅安市中考)—Amy, there is a book on the floor. Is it ______(you)? —No, it’s not mine. My book is on the desk. 9.(2024·武威中考)Mark just phoned to say he’d left his coat behind. Do you know if this is ____(he)? hers hers yours his C)反身代词 人称 单　数 复　数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves ◆反身代词的用法 成分 位置 例　句 作宾语 动词或介词之后 Last night,Tom and Cindy enjoyed themselves at the party.昨晚,汤姆和辛迪在聚会上玩得很开心。 作表语 系动词之后 The poor boy in the story was myself.这个故事中的贫穷男孩就是我自己。 作同位语 名词或代词之后或句末 I myself did it.=I did it myself.我自己做的它。 拓展 反身代词固定搭配 动词之后 介词之后 【先悟后练】 1.—My best friend is more popular than me. I want to be like him. —It’s not necessary to be the same. You should just be _________(you). 2.Teachers often say that teenagers should learn to look after ___________(they). 3.(2024·天津中考)When _____parents went away on business, I looked after _______.(I) 4.(2023·无锡中考)Think about it and ask _________(you): have you really done everything right? 5.(2023·遂宁中考改编)—I saw your grandma using shopping App on the phone. Who taught her? —Nobody. She taught ________(she). yourself themselves my myself yourself herself 6.—Where did you get the toy car? —From Betty. She made it ________(her). 7.Believe in _________(you) and you can overcome your shyness. 8.—Maria, you should believe in _________(you). That’s the secret of success. —OK, I will. herself yourself yourself 考点二　常见不定代词 　　对不定代词的考查,以初中常见不定代词的用法辨析为主,尤其侧重考查“意义相近, 用法易混”的不定代词辨析,具有一定的难度。因此,结合语境或句中关键词,明确代词指代的对象是解题的关键,考生需特别注意以下六点: ①看范围:两者还是三者或三者以上; ②看语气:肯定概念还是否定概念; ③特指还是泛指; ④指代可数名词还是不可数名词; ⑤是否可构成固定搭配; ⑥其后谓语是单数还是复数形式。 A)常见不定代词 项目 可数 不可数 许多 many much 一些 some, any a few a little 几乎没有 (否定含义) few little 项目 每个 任何一个 全都 都不 另一个 指两者 each either both neither (the) other 两者以上 each/every any all none/no another B)常见不定代词的区别 1.both,either与neither 相同点 均用于两个人或物 不同点 both 指“两者都”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数,其反义词为neither either 指“两者中的任意一个”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数 neither 指“两者中没有一个(全否定)”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数 2.all,any与none 相同点 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物 不同点 all 指“三个或三个以上的人或物都”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数,其反义词为none any 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”,只能作定语 none 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)” [注意]none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。 如:None of the information is correct. 这些信息都不正确。 None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties. 战士们都不怕困难。 3.some与any 相同点 均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量、数目 不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中,也可用于建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答 any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个/一些)” 4.much与many 相同点 均表示“很多,许多”,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语 不同点 much 修饰不可数名词 many 修饰可数名词复数 5.a little,little,a few与few 肯定意义 否定意义 所修饰名词 a little 一点儿 little 几乎没有 不可数名词 a few 一些,几个 few 几乎没有 可数名词复数 6.辨析other(s),the other(s)与another 概念 泛指剩下中的一部分(不用the) 特指剩下中的全部(要用the) 成分 作主语/宾语 作定语(其后加名词) 作主语/ 宾语 作定语(其后加名词) 单数 another another book the other the other book 复数 others other books the others the other books 【先悟后练】 根据句意用适当的不定代词填空。 1.(2024·黑龙江龙东地区中考)Tom has been in Shanghai for five years, so he can speak _______Chinese.  2.(2024·武汉中考)—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays. —Yeah, that’s because ______can give people a big laugh. 3.(2023·徐州中考)______other nurses in the hospital have worked here longer than Helen; only Lucy and Mary started working here before her. 4.(2023·抚顺中考)—Bob, what’s your dream job, a doctor or a teacher? —________. I want to be a policeman. a little both Few Neither 5.(2023·新疆中考)—Jack, when are we going to buy a birthday gift for our grandma, today or tomorrow? —______are OK. I am available. 6.(2023·辽宁中考)I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but ________of them had it. 7.(2023·长春中考)________of my parents can swim. They are going to learn it this summer. Both neither Neither 考点三　复合不定代词 　　解答相关试题的时候,首先要分析语境或找出句中的关键词,并明确所指代的对象:①指代人还是指代物;②肯定概念还是否定概念;③是否涉及固定句型。 A)常见复合不定代词辨析 由some-,any-,every-,no-与-one,-body,-thing构成的代词为复合不定代词。常见如下表: 项目 -one -body -thing some- someone(某人) somebody(某人) something(某事,某物) any- anyone(任何人) anybody(任何人) anything(任何事) every- everyone(每个人) everybody(每个人) everything(每件事,一切) no- no one(没有人) nobody(没有人) nothing(没有什么) [注意]以some-和any-开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法一样。 B)复合不定代词的用法 1.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。 如:Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。 2.形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,要放在其后。 如:There is something important in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸上有一些重要新闻。 Is there anybody else in the room? 房间里还有别人吗? 3.复合不定代词的常考固定句型: •There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 如:There is something wrong with the car. 这辆汽车出问题了。 •...has something/nothing to do with... ……与……有/无关。 如:The case has nothing to do with me. 这件事与我无关。 【先悟后练】 根据句意用适当的不定代词填空。 1. (2024·达州中考)—Tina, did you buy __________(something) special when you went to Dazhou last month? —Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents. 2.(2024·泸州中考)—The best things in life are free. —Couldn’t agree more. Air costs _________(something), but we can’t live without it. 3.(2024·雅安中考)—Tommy, is there _________(somebody) in the classroom now? —No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground. anything nothing anybody 4.The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and _________(something) could be seen clearly. 5.—Sandy is well organized. —Exactly. ____________(everything) in her room is in good order. nothing Everything 考点四　指示代词 指示代词 用　法 示　例 this/ these 用来指代离自己较近的人或物 This is my mother and that is my younger brother.这是我妈妈,那是我弟弟。 that/ those 指代离自己较远的人或事;用于比较级结构中代替前面提到的名词,避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.北京的天气比深圳冷。 指示代词 用　法 示　例 one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类但非同一事物) —Who has a ruler?谁有尺子? —I have one. 我有一把。 it 特指上下文提到的同一事物 The book is mine.It’s very interesting.这本书是我的,它很有趣。 [注意] ①this/that也可用于电话用语中,this代表自己,that则代表对方。如: —Hello!Who is that?你好!你是哪位? —Hello!This is Jane speaking.你好!我是简。 ②在疑问句中,若句子主语是this/that/these/those时,回答用it或they来代替。如: —Is this/that your car?这/那是你的车吗? —Yes,it is.是的,它是。 ③为了保持句子的平衡,可以用it来代替动词不定式,在句子中作形式主语或形式宾语。 拓展 it的特殊用法 1.it作形式主语,常用于下列句型中: ①It is/was+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……”/“(某人)做某事真是太……”。 ②It’s time to do/for/that...意为“到……的时间了”。 ③It seems/seemed that...意为“看起来……,似乎……,好像……”。 ④It’s one’s turn to do sth.意为“轮到某人做某事了”。 ⑤It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。 2.作形式宾语,常用在find/think/believe等动词后。 如:I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语是重要的。 3.用it来代替天气、时间、距离等。如: —What’s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样? —It’s fine.今天天气晴朗。 It is half past two now.现在两点半了。 How far is it from here to the station? 从这里到车站有多远? 【先悟后练】 根据句意用适当的代词填空。 1.—What are those? —______are boxes. 2.I have some pretty clothes. You can borrow _____if you like. 3.—Hello!Is _____Tom? —Yes,_____is Tom speaking. 4.The seats in Sun Cinema are more comfortable than ______in Moon Cinema. 5._______ are my books. Look! _______books over there are yours. 6.The playground of my school is bigger than _____of your school. They one that this those These Those that 考点五　疑问代词 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what,which等,用来引导特殊疑问句。其形式和用法如下: 疑问代词 词义 基本用法 例　句 who 谁 作主语、表语、宾语 Who are you waiting for? 你正在等谁? whom 谁 作宾语(who的宾格) With whom did you go swimming? 你和谁去游泳的? 疑问代词 词义 基本用法 例　句 whose 谁的 作主语、表语、宾语、定语(who的所有格) Whose pen is this? 这是谁的钢笔? what 什么 作主语、表语、宾语、定语 What do you know about it? 关于它,你了解些什么? which 哪个 作主语、表语、宾语、定语 Which movie do you like best? 你最喜欢哪部电影? 【先悟后练】 根据句意用适当的疑问代词填空。 1.(2024·广西中考)—Henry, ______is your job? —I’m a policeman. 2.—________is this basketball? —Perhaps it’s our English teacher’s. He likes sports. what Whose Ⅰ.阅读下面短文,从短文前的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有一个为多余选项 A.it　B.she　C.all　D.Some　E.her　F.something　G.one 　　Giant pandas are China’s national treasures. They are so lively that every year, many foreign tourists come to China to see them. 　　1._______ of the tourists choose to stay. Abe Nobuko, is one of them. She came to Sichuan many years ago to work as a panda keeper.  语法巩固·提升练 　D　 　　When Abe was three years old, 2._______ grandmother bought her a panda doll. The little girl liked it very much. She would go everywhere with 3._______. As Abe grew up, she learned a lot about pandas. One day, her mother said to her, “You like pandas so much. Why don’t you find a job that has 4._______ to do with pandas?” Abe thought it was a great idea.   　　In order to work as a panda keeper, Abe learned Chinese in college. After graduation, 5._______ came to China to study about animal protection. Three years later, she started working at a panda base in Sichuan.  　E　 　A　 　F　 　B　 　　Abe does her best to make sure 6._______ the pandas at the base are healthy and happy. The job is tiring, but Abe never complains. “I love pandas and I love this job,” she says.  　　Do you like pandas? Do you want to work as a panda keeper? If you do,then try to learn as much about pandas as you can! 　C　 Ⅱ.根据上下文语境,在空格处填入适当的代词 　　Many people get popular on live streaming(直播). 1.______ are good at singing. Some give funny shows. And some show nice taste on clothes. 83-year-old Grandpa Kang is one of 2.______. Wearing sunglasses, a hat and a bright green T-shirt and holding a cup of coffee, 3.____ dresses just like a young man in fashion. 　　Grandpa Kang tries on different kinds of clothes—from suits to sports clothes,from Chinese style to Japanese and Korean styles. He would like to try on 4.____ of them. And he always learns about the latest fashion on the Internet. Some them he all 　　“In the 1940s and 1950s, 5.____ could only wear Chinese tunic suits(中山装),” Kang says. “But now we have different kinds of clothes and we should try 6.______ on.” 　　Some old people think they are old, so 7._____ don’t want to try or learn new things. It’s not good for 8.______ health. Grandpa Kang thinks, “9.__________ loves beautiful things. 10.___ shows our love and hope for life. So old people can try things in fashion too.” we them they their Everyone It Ⅲ.根据中文意思,补全英语译文(每空限填一词,缩写算一词) 1.使我们的国家更好和更强大是我们的责任。 ___ is our duty to make _____country better and stronger. 2.互联网让我们的生活更容易,但有时它会给我们带来麻烦。 The Internet makes _____lives easier, but ___sometimes brings trouble to us. 3.我们在网上买东西很方便。 ___is very convenient for ____to buy things online. It our our it It us 4.——医生,我的喉咙怎么了? ——没有什么严重的问题。多喝热水就好。 —What’s the matter with _____throat, doctor? —________ serious. Drinking more hot water is OK. 5.——刚才走过的那位女士是你的老师吗? ——是的,她教我们英语,我们都很喜欢她。 —Is the woman _____ walked past just now your teacher? —Yes, she teaches ____English and we all love her very much. my Nothing who us $$