Word and Expression 词汇讲义 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 人教版2019高中英语 2024-2025学年高二同步一线课堂 教师版+学生版 7-3-1

Word and Expression词汇讲义 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 人教版高中英语2024-2025学年高二同步一线课堂 英语24字整体教学 超前集中 学生版 7-3-1 目 录 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 · 默写词汇 英译汉 · 默写词汇 汉译英 · 发音规则——辅音连缀 第二节 透析与拓展 · 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词 · 核心词块 第三节 应用与提升 · 分类默写 精准记忆 · 识单词英汉相互匹配 · 词汇拓展 · 核心词块匹配 · 重点句型 · 语境实战 翻译提升 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 （“逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读”是一种有效的高中英语词汇记忆策略。在词汇学习过程中，我们提出“一目四项”的策略，即每次学习一个单词时，我们专注于四个方面：单词拼写、音标、基本词义及词性。这种方法能帮助学习者全面地把握一个单词的各个方面，提高词汇记忆的效率和准确性。通过疯狂诵读，强化记忆） · 单元词汇 tale /teɪl / n. 故事；叙述 merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/n. 商人；批发商 adj. 海上货运的 set sail起航；开航 extend /ɪk'stend/vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长 negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/vt. 商定；达成（协议） vi. 谈判；磋商； 协商 fleet /fliːt/ n. 舰队；机群；车队 behold /bɪˈhəʊld/vt. ( beheld, beheld ）看；看见 league /liːɡ/ n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 in a league of one’s own独领风骚 royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 spice /spaɪs/ n. （调味）香料 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɒ/ vi. & vt. ( withdrew, withdrawn ) （使）撤回；撤离 withdraw from 退出；撤回 channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 航道；海峡；频道 maritime /ˈmærɪtaɪm/ adj. 海的；海运的；海事的 bond /bɒnd/ n. 纽带；关系vt. & vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合 in hand在手头；可供使用 politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. 政治；政治观点 profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；行业 tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛；联赛 mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ n. 混合；结合体；混合物 laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围 press conference记者招待会；新闻发布会 applaud /əˈplɔːd/vt. & vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞；赞赏 tax /tæks/vt. 对……征税；使纳税n. 税；税款 manned /mænd/ adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的 submersible /səbˈmɜːsəbl/ n. 潜水器；可潜船 underwater /ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)/ adv. 在水下adj. 水下的 capsule /'kæpsjuː/ n. 胶囊；太空舱 coral /ˈkɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚 migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁移；迁徙；移居 directory /dəˈrektəri/n. 名录；电话号码簿；（计算机文件或程序的）目录 meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时；（比较两方面）对比之下 exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发；利用；剥削 gallon /ˈɡælən/ n. 加仑（容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4. 5升） murder /ˈmɜːdə(r)/ vt. 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n. 谋杀；凶杀 mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. [usually pl. ]个人财产；拥有；控制 opponent /əˈpəʊnənt / n. 反对者；对手；竞争者 log /lɒɡ；NAmE lɔːɡ/ vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录 n. 正式记录；日志；原木 marine /məˈriːn/ adj. 海的；海产的；海生的 arrest /əˈrest / n. 逮捕；拘留；中止 vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止 Marco Polo /ˈmaː kəʊ pəʊləʊ/ 马可·波罗 Columbus /kəˈlʌmbəs/ 哥伦布 Ceylon /siˈlɒn / 锡兰（斯里兰卡的旧称 Churchil /tʃəːtʃil/ 丘吉尔 Ferdinand Magellan /ˈfɜːdinənd mә'gelәn/ 费迪南德·麦哲伦 Zac Sunderland /zæk' sʌndələnd/ 扎克·桑德兰 Robin Lee Graham /rɒbin liː geiəm/ 罗宾·李·格富厄姆 · 写词汇 英译汉 英文 汉义 1. tale n. 2. merchant n. adj. 3. set sail 4. extend vt. 5. negotiate vt. vi. ; 6. fleet n. 7. behold vt. ( beheld, beheld ) 8. league n. 9. in a league of one’s own 10. royal adj. 11. spice n. 12. withdraw/ vi. ＆vt. ( withdrew, withdrawn ) 13. withdraw from 14. channel n. 15. maritime adj. 16. bond n. vt. ＆vi. 17. in hand 18. politics n. 19. profession n. 20. tournament n. 21. mixture n. 22. laptop n. 23. coverage n. 24. press conference 25. applaud vt. ＆vi. vt. 26. tax vt. n. 27. manned adj. 28. submersible n. 29. underwater adv. adj. 30. coral n. 31. migration n. 32. directory n. 33. meanwhile adv. 34. exploit vt. 35. gallon n. 36. murder vt. n. 37. mercy 38. possession n. [usually pl. ] 39. opponent n. 40. log vt. n. 41. marine adj. 42. arrest n. vt. · 默写词汇 汉译英 英文 汉义 1. n. 故事；叙述 2. n. 商人；批发商 adj. 海上货运的 3. 起航；开航 4. vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长 5. vt. 商定；达成(协议) vi. 谈判;磋商；协商 6. n. 舰队；机群；车队 7. vt. ( beheld, beheld )看；看见 8. n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 9. 独领风骚 10. adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 11. n. (调味)香料 12. vi. ＆vt. ( withdrew, withdrawn ) (使)撤回；撤离 13. 退出；撤回 14. n. 航道；海峡；频道 15. adj. 海的；海运的；海事的 16. n. 纽带；关系 vt. ＆vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合 17. 在手头；可供使用 18. n. 政治；政治观点 19. n. 职业；行业 20. n. 锦标赛；联赛 21. n. 混合；结合体；混合物 22. n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 23. n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围 24. 记者招待会；新闻发布会 25. vt. ＆vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞；赞赏 26. vt. 对……征税；使纳税n. 税；税款 27. adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的 28. n. 潜水器；可潜船 29. adv. 在水下adj. 水下的 30. n. 珊瑚 31. n. 迁移；迁徙；移居 32. n. 名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录 33. adv. 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 34. vt. 开发；利用；剥削 35. n. 加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4. 5升) 36. vt. 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n. 谋杀；凶杀 37. 38. n. [usually pl. ]个人财产； 拥有；控制 39. n. 反对者；对手；竞争者 40. vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录 n. 正式记录；日志；原木 41. adj. 海的；海产的；海生的 42. n. 逮捕；拘留；中止 vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止 第二节 透析与拓展 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词+核心句型+核心词块 1. set sail起航；开航(其后常用介词for) 含有set的其他常用搭配 set up 建立；创立 set about (doing) sth. 开始/着手(做)某事(尤指费时费力的事) set out to do sth. 开始/着手做某事 set. . . aside 暂不考虑；对……置之不理；拨出，留出(钱、时间等) set down 写下；记下；制定，规定(准则、原则等) set off (for). . . 动身(前往……)；引爆；激发(尤指意外事件) be set in. . . 以……为背景 ❶In 1891, at the age of 17, he set sail for Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. 1891年，在17岁的时候，他扬帆远航到了埃及的亚历山大。到了20世纪20年代，他已成为一名寻找古埃及国王的陵墓的探险家。 ❷Zheng He set sail for the “Western Ocean” seven times between 1405 and 1433. 郑和于1405至1433年间七次下“西洋”。 ❸Encouraged by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 受技术进步的鼓舞，许多农民在他们的土地上建起了风力发电场。 ❹We need to set about finding a solution. 我们得着手找一个解决办法。 ❺The government has set out to make many needed reforms. 政府已经着手进行许多必要的改革。 ❻She tries to set aside some money every month. 她每个月都尽量存点钱。 ❼Ralph Waldo Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him. 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生总是记下他突然想到的新想法。 ❽A group of boys were setting off fireworks in the street. 一群男孩子正在街上放烟花。 ❾The novel is set in London in the 1960s. 这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。 特别提示： set sail for someplace中的for不能换成to。表示“到……地方去”时用介词for而不用to的短语还有：leave for (动身前往……)；head for (朝……去)；set off for (动身去……)。 [即学即练]　用含set的短语完成句子 ①Considering his health, I advise him to ________________ an hour or two each day to work out. ②The film is ________________ a remote village in Western China. ③As he was getting on the horse ready to ________________， he found that the road was blocked. ④When the meeting was over, he ________________ writing a report about it immediately. ⑤He was asked to ________________ the facts just as he remembered. ⑥Many websites have been ________________ to help people study foreign languages. ⑦As soon as the crew (船员) were attacked, the police ________________ to look into the matter. 2. negotiate vt. 商定；达成(协议)　vi. 谈判；磋商；协商 (1)negotiate with sb. about/for sth. ＝negotiate sth. with sb. 与某人协商/谈判某事 (2)negotiation n. 协商；谈判 under negotiation (＝being negotiated) 在协商/谈判中 in negotiation with (＝be negotiating with) 和……协商/谈判中 (3)negotiator n. 协商者；谈判代表 ❶Our English teacher is negotiating with the headmaster for the use of the library. ＝Our English teacher is negotiating the use of the library with the headmaster. 我们的英语老师正在同校长协商使用图书馆的事。 ❷The exact details of the agreement are still under negotiation. 协议的具体细节仍在协商中。 语境助记： The negotiators are negotiating with the boss for more pay and the negotiation goes very well. 谈判代表正在和老板为增加工资进行协商，并且谈判进行得很顺利。 [即学即练]　用negotiate的正确形式填空/完成句子 ①After long hours of ________________， the two parties finally reached an agreement. ②He is a tough ________________. ③The issue under ________________ is where the two sides disagree. ④我将与我们的教练就比赛日期进行协商。 →I'll negotiate ________________ our coach ________________ the date of the match. →I'll negotiate the date of the match ________________ our coach. ⑤目前正在就这项提案进行磋商。 →The proposal is now ________________. →The proposal is now ________________. 3. a sight to behold 壮观的景象 (1)sight n. [U]视力；看见；视野[C]看得见的事物；景象；[pl. ]名胜 at first sight 乍一看；初次看到时 at the sight of. . . 一看到…… catch sight of. . . /lose sight of. . . 看见……/看不见…… in sight/out of sight 在视线内/不在视线内 in the sight of. . . 在……眼中；在……看来 (2)short­sighted/near­sighted 近视的；无远见的 (3)far­sighted/long­sighted 远视的；有远见的 ❶The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold. 海滨日出是个比较壮观的景象。 ❷She lost her sight in an accident. 她在一场事故中失明了。 ❸It was my first sight of a robot. 这是我第一次看到机器人。 ❹Never let your child out of your sight for a moment. 一刻都不能让你的孩子离开你的视线。 ❺The sunrise was a beautiful sight. 日出的景象很美。 ❻Delia enjoyed the sights of London. 迪莉娅很喜欢伦敦的名胜。 ❼At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone. 乍一看，那块表没什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。 ❽Some people will faint at the sight of blood. 有些人一见血就晕。 联想拓展： a joy/pleasure to behold The beauty of the garden was a pleasure/joy to behold. 花园美景，赏心悦目。 [即学即练]　翻译短文，注意sight的不同用法 When I caught sight of a girl wearing a white dress in the street, in the sight of me, she was just like a goddess. I thought this was love at first sight. But soon afterwards, she was out of sight. However, she was not out of my mind. She came into my sight again when I was enjoying beautiful sights of the city. I knew I couldn't let her go. I was near­sighted. When I had the chance to look at her closely, I was astonished at the sight of her face. She looked like one of my friends. 4. in return for作为……的报酬；作为……的回报 in return　　　　　　　作为回报 ❶Liz agreed to look after the baby in return for a free room. 利兹同意照看婴儿，条件是要有一间免费房间。 ❷He is always helping people without expecting anything in return. 他一直不求任何回报地帮助他人。 联想拓展：近义短语 in reward for. . . 作为对……的报酬 She got very little in reward for his hard work. 她虽辛苦工作，得到的报酬却很少。 [即学即练]　完成句子/翻译句子 ①我希望我能做点什么事情以报答她的好意。 I wish I could do something ______________________________. ②We offer an excellent all­round education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. in hand在手头；可供使用 at hand 可能很快发生的；在手边，在近处 by hand 用手工；亲手递交的 give/lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 go hand in hand 密切关联 on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . 一方面……另一方面…… ❶Recent economic performance suggests that a major crisis is at hand. 最近的经济状况预示着一场重大的危机可能即将到来。 ❷These mooncakes are made by hand. 这些月饼是手工制作的。 ❸Let me give you a hand with those bags. 我来帮你拎那些包吧。 ❹Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand. 贫困和身体不好常有密切关系。 ❺On the one hand, they'd love to have kids, but on the other hand, they don't want to give up their freedom. 一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们不愿意放弃自由。 高考助记： ①With the coming of new technologies like a computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become a thing of the past. 随着诸如计算机和智能手机等新技术的出现，手写已成为过去的事。 ②Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. 几位以前的教师在现场讲述过去的事情。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①If you apply yourself to the job ________ hand, you'll soon finish it. ②To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card ________ hand. ③On one hand, shopping online makes shopping a lot easier and more convenient; ________ the other hand, paying online has risks. ④They entered the room, hand ________ hand. 6. (教材P26)In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. 在古代，中国的丝绸通过陆路运达印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。 [句式分析]　本句中what引导的是名词性从句中的宾语从句 what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，表示“……的……”，相当于“the＋n. ＋that. . . ”。 ❶What I care is your attitude towards the matter. 我关心的是你对这件事的态度。(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语) ❷The boy dived into the water and after what seemed to be a long time, he came up again. 男孩跳进水里，过了好像很久之后，他才又从水里出来。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语) ❸I don't know what he needs. 我不知道他需要什么。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语) ❹In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年，哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语) ❺A ship is safe in harbour, but that's not what ships are built for. 船在港口里是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。(what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词宾语) [即学即练]　完成句子 ①这次大会超出了我的预期。 The conference was beyond ________________________________. ②我无法想象昨天这里发生了什么。 I can't imagine ________________________. ③我想知道的是我能做什么来帮助你学习英语。 What I want to know is ________________________ to help with your English. ④让我印象最深刻的是我的家乡变化很大。 ________________________ is that my hometown has changed a lot. 7. (教材P26)Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century. 几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的开发，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。 [句式分析]　as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为一句话，as指代前面句子的内容。 关系代词as引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，有“正如”之意，可放在主句前、中或后，但常放于主句之前。 (2)as引导的限制性定语从句，先行词常被the same、such、as、so等修饰。 ❶As the old saying goes, “Do as the Romans do. ”(谚)常言道，入乡随俗。 ❷As is known to everyone, Mark Twain is a great American writer. 众所周知，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 ❸As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。 ❹He is not such a fool as he looks. 他不像看起来那么傻。 ❺The T­shirt I received is not the same as is shown online. 我收到的T恤和网上展示的不一样。 名师点津：as, which的区别 ①as引导的定语从句可置于主句前，而which引导的不可以。 ②as引导定语从句时，常有“正如”之意，而which没有。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same ________ they had always been. ②There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science. ③This is such a difficult question ________ nobody can work out. →This is such a difficult question ________ nobody can work it out. ④________ is reported that the number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. →The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 8. (教材P27)Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋奔向未来。 [句式分析]　“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with的复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语，可以使句子变得简洁。结构如下： with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj. (adj. 表示状态)/adv. (adv. 表示状态)/done(done表示完成或被动)/doing(doing表示主动或正在进行)/to do (to do表示将来，有时用主动形式表示被动意义) ❶Without anyone noticing, I entered the room. 没有人注意，我进入了房间。 ❷In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open. 夏天，她通常开着窗子睡觉。 ❸With much homework to do, I can't go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。 ❹They sat together around the table, with the door shut. 他们关着门围桌而坐。 名师指津： (1)注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式to do、doing、done之间的区别，把握动作是主动、被动还是进行。 (2)具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系，再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生)来选择合适的形式。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Moreover, wider and better social benefits can be reached with the positive social images ________ (build). ②The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow) them. ③With many books ________ (buy), our teacher went to the biggest bookstore. ④All the lights are on, and the square looks more beautiful. →________________________， the square looks more beautiful. ⑤After most of the problems were solved, I felt a great weight taken off my mind. →________________________， I felt a great weight taken off my mind. ⑥Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. →________________________， my English has greatly improved. 9. mixture n. 混合；结合体；混合体 mix vi. & vt. (使)混合；(使)融合 mix. . . with. . . 把……和……混合 mix up 混合；混淆；弄乱 ❶The story is a magical mixture of fantasy and reality. 这个故事是幻想与现实的奇妙结合。 ❷Oil and water don't mix. 油和水不相融。 ❸Dashan, who has been learning crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand­up tradition. 相声是中国的传统喜剧形式，大山已经在中国学习了几十年的相声，他想把西方传统的脱口秀和相声融合到一起。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Many races are ________ (mix) together in Brazil. ②Don't try to mix business ________ pleasure. ③You're always mixing me ________ with my twin sister! ④The city was a ________ (mix) of old and new buildings. ⑤I came home from the meeting with ________ (mix) feelings. [词义拓展]　mixed可作形容词“(感情)矛盾的，复杂的” 10. coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围 (1)media coverage 媒体报道 (2)cover vt. 遮盖，覆盖；包含，走完；占地；报道，足以支付 ❶The clouds had spread and covered the entire sky. 乌云铺开，遮蔽了整个天空。 ❷Believe it or not, the young man, though disabled, managed to cover a distance of 3 miles within 30 minutes. 信不信由你，尽管这位年轻人是残疾人，但他在30分钟内跑完了3英里的路程。 ❸Grasslands in China cover an area of about 400 million hectares, stretching more than 3,000 km from the northeast to the southwest. 中国的草原占地约4亿公顷，从东北到西南绵延3 000多千米。 ❹“Journalists are not going to the field to cover the news because of safety reasons，” Faruk explained. 法鲁克解释说：“出于安全原因，记者不会去实地报道新闻。” ❺And then students get a maintenance loan which helps, like covering the cost of living. 然后，学生会得到一笔生活费用贷款，用来帮助他们支付生活费之类的费用。 [即学即练]　翻译句子 ①Much of the country is covered by snow. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ②They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ③I'd just returned from covering a war. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ④The award should be enough to cover her tuition fees. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ⑤The city covers 25 square miles. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11. applaud vt. & vi. 鼓掌　vt. 称赞；赞赏 applaud sb. for sth. 因某事而赞扬某人 applaud the decision 赞成某个决定 applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩 ❶The audience warmly applauded the excellent performance. 观众们对精彩演出报以热烈的掌声。 ❷I applaud the decision to install more security cameras. 我赞成要装更多监控摄像机的决定。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①She should be applauded ________ her honesty. ②A crowd of 300 supporters warmly ________ (applaud) her speech, which was about civil rights. ③The candidate's promise to improve public schools was greeted with a loud round of ________ (applaud). ④Everyone ________ (applaud) when the play ended. [语境串记]　His applause showed he applauded the decision. 他的掌声表明他赞成这个决定。 12. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯；恩惠 (1)ask/beg for mercy 请求宽恕 怜悯/同情/可怜某人 at the mercy of 任由……摆布 without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地 (2)merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 (3)merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的 ❶He begs for mercy and forgiveness. 他恳求怜悯和宽恕。 ❷They had no mercy on the poor. ＝They showed no mercy to the poor. 他们对穷人毫不仁慈。 ❸I'm not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. 我不想任由银行摆布。 ❹He attacked their values without mercy. 他毫不留情地抨击他们的价值观。 ❺She was merciful to the prisoners. 她对犯人很仁慈。 语境助记： God showed no mercy to the little girl and took her arms without mercy when she was at the age of six but she wasn't at the mercy of fate and made her efforts to be a great speaker. 上帝对这个小女孩一点也不仁慈，在她6岁的时候无情地夺走了她的双臂，但她并没有接受命运的摆布，经过自己的努力成为了一位伟大的演说家。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Whether the secretary will be fired or not is ________ the mercy of her boss. ②The husband took away all the possessions ________ mercy after divorce. ③The courts are expected to show mercy ________ them in these situations. ＝The courts are expected to have mercy ________ them in these situations. ④They were all ________ (mercy) to me, and I lived. 13. possession n. (尤作复数)个人财产；拥有；控制 (1)take possession of 占有，拥有；占领 in possession of sth. 占有(或拥有)某物(表示主动) in the possession of sb. 为某人所有(表示被动) come into possession of 占有某物 (2)possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 be possessed by 被……控制 be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等) ❶Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 修复我们的所有物并改变我们的消费习惯可能是减少垃圾、保护环境最好的办法。 ❷—Does the young man standing there take possession of the company? —No. The company is in the possession of his father. ——站在那边的那个年轻人拥有这家公司吗？ ——不。他父亲拥有这家公司。 ❸My friend, Bob, is in possession of most of the company's shares, and the rest are in the possession of other workers. 我的朋友Bob拥有这家公司的大部分股份，而剩下的则是其他工人所拥有。 ❹When her father died, she possessed a large fortune. 父亲去世后，她继承了一大笔财产。 ❺He is possessed of great self­confidence. 他极有自信。 名师指津： in possession of表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in the possession of表示被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。 有无the不一样的其他介词短语一览： [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①He was then arrested and charged with ________ (possess) a gun. ②You are ________ possession of supplies that we vitally need. ③When can I take possession ________ a car of my own? ④The company is in ________ possession of Tom's brother. ⑤People lost their homes and all their ________ (possess) in the war. 14. opponent n. 反对者；对手；竞争者 (1)oppose vt. & vi. 反对；抵制；使相对 oppose (2)opposed adj. 反对的；截然不同的 be opposed to 反对……；与……对立 ❶The team's opponents are unbeaten so far this season. 该队的竞争对手本赛季尚无败绩。 ❷All the members present opposed the plan bitterly. 所有与会的成员都坚决反对这个计划。 ❸I would oppose changing the plan. 我反对改变这项计划。 ❹His parents are opposed to the marriage. 他的父母反对这桩婚事。 名师指津： (1)oppose后跟表示动作的词语作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后的动词也要用动名词形式。 (2)表示反对的其他表达有disagree with、object to、be against等。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①He opposed ________ (build) a new hall. ②This is a very significant shift because it takes the wind out of our ________ (opponent). ③We are strongly ________ (oppose) to racial discrimination. 15. arrest n. [C，U]逮捕；拘留；中止　vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止；抑制；吸引(注意) be under arrest 被捕；被拘留 arrest sb. for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人 be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕 arrest one's attention 吸引某人的注意 ❶She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。 ❷My brother was arrested for drunk driving. 我哥哥因为酒驾被拘留。 ❸An unusual noise arrested his attention. 一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了他的注意。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①I got arrested ________ careless driving. ②Her uncle was ________ arrest, but nobody knew the reason. ③Five youths ________ (arrest) in connection with the attack. ④Chandler, I'm going to have you ________ (arrest). 16. (教材P32)Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance. 希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。 [句式分析]　as引导时间状语从句，常用来表示“一边……一边……；正当……的时候”；还可以用来表示时间的推移，意为“随着”。 as作为连词的用法主要有： (1)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句。 (2)“当……的时候；一面……一面；随着”，引导时间状语从句。 (3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。 (4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。 (5)“和……一样”引导比较状语从句。 (6)“正如……”引导定语从句。 ❶They sang songs as they were doing farm work. 他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。 ❷As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。 ❸When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 ❹As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him. 因为他没有及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。 ❺Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，知道的却很多。 ❻The result was as good as I had expected. 结果跟我预料的一样好。 ❼As we all know, success comes from hard work. 众所周知，成功源于勤奋。 名师指津： (1)as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译/句式升级 ①________ technology develops, we can have access to the information swiftly. ②In brief, do ________ the Chinese do when in China. ③________ I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it. ④I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just ________ I might do in China. 随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。 ⑤____________________， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (with) ⑥____________________， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (as) ⑦Although they were tired, they stayed up preparing the report. →____________________， they stayed up preparing the report. (倒装) 17. (教材P35)The day is marked in a variety of ways, including the launching of new campaigns and initiatives, and holding special events, all working to advance ocean conservation and education. 这一天以各种方式举行纪念活动，包括发起新的运动和倡议，以及举行特别活动，所以这些都是为了促进海洋保护和海洋教育。 [句式分析]　本句中包含一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 独立主格结构是带有自己的逻辑主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，其在结构上与主句无关系，因此称之为“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中作状语。独立主格结构可放在句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或名词、形容词、副词或介词短语，表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。基本形式是“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”。 ❶So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. 这么多学生缺席，会议不得不推迟。 ❷His wallet having been stolen, he didn't know what to do next. 他的钱包被偷了，他不知道接下来该怎么办。 ❸These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month. 这是头两本书，下个月出版第三本。 ❹I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of sorrow. 听说她在事故中受伤了，我心里十分悲伤。 ❺The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. 男孩仰卧着，双手交叉放在头后。 名师指津： 在英语中，谓语只能是动词，不是谓语的动词全部改成非谓语动词。独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表原因、时间、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①The weather ________ (be) fine, they decided to go out for a walk. ②The composition given by the teacher ________ (do) well, Alice went to watch TV. ③Everything ________ (take) into consideration, his work is well done. ④All his work ________ (finish), he left his office at ease. ⑤The power station was built on the river, our village and some others ________ (supply) with electricity. ⑥There ________ (be) nothing else to do, we left. 第3节 应用与提升 语境实战 翻译提升 Ⅰ. 单词语境填空(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词) 1. There are plans to ________ (扩大) the no­smoking area. 2. They should ________ (协商) with the other players to get the best rate possible. 3. Both powers ________ (撤离) their forces from the region. 4. The ________ (航道) had chocked up with sand so that boats couldn't use it. 5. In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong ________ (关系) between two people. 6. We were treated to a ________ (皇家的，王室的) feast. 7. When he entered the hall, he saw all the people standing there, applauding (鼓掌). 8. The police have arrested (逮捕) the man who sold drugs to the teenagers. 9. Meanwhile (与此同时), I am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. 10. At the World Championship, Jack defeated all his opponents (对手) and became the championship. 11. You are allowed to withdraw (提取)$1，000 a month from the account. Ⅱ. 词汇拓展单句填空。(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) 1. ①They agreed to try to settle their dispute by _____________ (negotiate). ②They are _____________ (negotiate) a deal in the office，but neither is willing to make a compromise. 2. The _____________ (mercy) king showed mercy to the poor，who, in turn, applauded the king. 3. The brilliant professor is a doctor by profession, so he has much _____________ (profession) knowledge in medicine. 4. ①This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its _____________ (mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements. ②With _____________ (mix) feelings in mind，she doesn't know what to do next. III. 词块语法单句填空 set sail, take action, for the benefit of, in hand 1. As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up in our school to call on us to _____________ for a greener earth. 2. With night approaching, we decided to _____________ for home by kayaking. 3. Money is running out. I must go to the bank to withdraw some before I have none _____________. 4. I have typed out some lecture notes _____________ those people who were absent last week. IV. 重点句式仿写 1. 他学习上从来没出过问题，他的老师很欣赏这点。(which引导非限制性定语从句) He never has problems in his study, _______________________________________. 2. 急需提高人们的环保意识。(There is an urgent need to do sth) ____________________________________________________ the environmental protection. 3. 快点！ 我们赶上头班车的时间所剩无几了。(There be＋名词＋left) Hurry up! __________________________ to catch the first bus. V. 课文语法填空。(Reading and Thinking部分) Trade and curiosity have often contributed to mankind's greatest 1. ________ (achieve). In ancient times, silk from China got to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along the road 2. ________ became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea 3. ________ (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, where merchants from China and many other places met 4. ________ (negotiate) trade deals. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as 5. ________ (record) in Du Huan's Record of My Travels. Between 1405 6. ________ 1433, seven large fleets under the command of Zheng He sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship 7. ________ return for gold, silk, and spices. To reach out across the sea remains 8. ________ strong desire today. Trading has grown 9. ________ (great) in recent years. China has also joined 10. ________ (it) friends across the sea on other important projects. China will have more expeditions across the sea far into the future. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Word and Expression词汇讲义 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 人教版高中英语2024-2025学年高二同步一线课堂 英语24字整体教学 超前集中 教师版 7-3-1 目 录 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 · 默写词汇 英译汉 · 默写词汇 汉译英 · 发音规则——辅音连缀 第二节 透析与拓展 · 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词 · 核心词块 第三节 应用与提升 · 分类默写 精准记忆 · 识单词英汉相互匹配 · 词汇拓展 · 核心词块匹配 · 重点句型 · 语境实战 翻译提升 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 （“逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读”是一种有效的高中英语词汇记忆策略。在词汇学习过程中，我们提出“一目四项”的策略，即每次学习一个单词时，我们专注于四个方面：单词拼写、音标、基本词义及词性。这种方法能帮助学习者全面地把握一个单词的各个方面，提高词汇记忆的效率和准确性。通过疯狂诵读，强化记忆） · 单元词汇 tale /teɪl / n. 故事；叙述 merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/n. 商人；批发商 adj. 海上货运的 set sail起航；开航 extend /ɪk'stend/vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长 negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/vt. 商定；达成（协议） vi. 谈判；磋商； 协商 fleet /fliːt/ n. 舰队；机群；车队 behold /bɪˈhəʊld/vt. ( beheld, beheld ）看；看见 league /liːɡ/ n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 in a league of one’s own独领风骚 royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 spice /spaɪs/ n. （调味）香料 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɒ/ vi. & vt. ( withdrew, withdrawn ) （使）撤回；撤离 withdraw from 退出；撤回 channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 航道；海峡；频道 maritime /ˈmærɪtaɪm/ adj. 海的；海运的；海事的 bond /bɒnd/ n. 纽带；关系vt. & vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合 in hand在手头；可供使用 politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. 政治；政治观点 profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；行业 tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛；联赛 mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ n. 混合；结合体；混合物 laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围 press conference记者招待会；新闻发布会 applaud /əˈplɔːd/vt. & vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞；赞赏 tax /tæks/vt. 对……征税；使纳税n. 税；税款 manned /mænd/ adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的 submersible /səbˈmɜːsəbl/ n. 潜水器；可潜船 underwater /ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)/ adv. 在水下adj. 水下的 capsule /'kæpsjuː/ n. 胶囊；太空舱 coral /ˈkɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚 migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁移；迁徙；移居 directory /dəˈrektəri/n. 名录；电话号码簿；（计算机文件或程序的）目录 meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时；（比较两方面）对比之下 exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发；利用；剥削 gallon /ˈɡælən/ n. 加仑（容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4. 5升） murder /ˈmɜːdə(r)/ vt. 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n. 谋杀；凶杀 mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. [usually pl. ]个人财产；拥有；控制 opponent /əˈpəʊnənt / n. 反对者；对手；竞争者 log /lɒɡ；NAmE lɔːɡ/ vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录 n. 正式记录；日志；原木 marine /məˈriːn/ adj. 海的；海产的；海生的 arrest /əˈrest / n. 逮捕；拘留；中止 vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止 Marco Polo /ˈmaː kəʊ pəʊləʊ/ 马可·波罗 Columbus /kəˈlʌmbəs/ 哥伦布 Ceylon /siˈlɒn / 锡兰（斯里兰卡的旧称 Churchil /tʃəːtʃil/ 丘吉尔 Ferdinand Magellan /ˈfɜːdinənd mә'gelәn/ 费迪南德·麦哲伦 Zac Sunderland /zæk' sʌndələnd/ 扎克·桑德兰 Robin Lee Graham /rɒbin liː geiəm/ 罗宾·李·格富厄姆 · 写词汇 英译汉 英文 汉义 1. tale n. 2. merchant n. adj. 3. set sail 4. extend vt. 5. negotiate vt. vi. ; 6. fleet n. 7. behold vt. ( beheld, beheld ) 8. league n. 9. in a league of one’s own 10. royal adj. 11. spice n. 12. withdraw/ vi. ＆vt. ( withdrew, withdrawn ) 13. withdraw from 14. channel n. 15. maritime adj. 16. bond n. vt. ＆vi. 17. in hand 18. politics n. 19. profession n. 20. tournament n. 21. mixture n. 22. laptop n. 23. coverage n. 24. press conference 25. applaud vt. ＆vi. vt. 26. tax vt. n. 27. manned adj. 28. submersible n. 29. underwater adv. adj. 30. coral n. 31. migration n. 32. directory n. 33. meanwhile adv. 34. exploit vt. 35. gallon n. 36. murder vt. n. 37. mercy 38. possession n. [usually pl. ] 39. opponent n. 40. log vt. n. 41. marine adj. 42. arrest n. vt. · 默写词汇 汉译英 英文 汉义 1. n. 故事；叙述 2. n. 商人；批发商 adj. 海上货运的 3. 起航；开航 4. vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长 5. vt. 商定；达成(协议) vi. 谈判;磋商；协商 6. n. 舰队；机群；车队 7. vt. ( beheld, beheld )看；看见 8. n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 9. 独领风骚 10. adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 11. n. (调味)香料 12. vi. ＆vt. ( withdrew, withdrawn ) (使)撤回；撤离 13. 退出；撤回 14. n. 航道；海峡；频道 15. adj. 海的；海运的；海事的 16. n. 纽带；关系 vt. ＆vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合 17. 在手头；可供使用 18. n. 政治；政治观点 19. n. 职业；行业 20. n. 锦标赛；联赛 21. n. 混合；结合体；混合物 22. n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 23. n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围 24. 记者招待会；新闻发布会 25. vt. ＆vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞；赞赏 26. vt. 对……征税；使纳税n. 税；税款 27. adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的 28. n. 潜水器；可潜船 29. adv. 在水下adj. 水下的 30. n. 珊瑚 31. n. 迁移；迁徙；移居 32. n. 名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录 33. adv. 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 34. vt. 开发；利用；剥削 35. n. 加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4. 5升) 36. vt. 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n. 谋杀；凶杀 37. 38. n. [usually pl. ]个人财产； 拥有；控制 39. n. 反对者；对手；竞争者 40. vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录 n. 正式记录；日志；原木 41. adj. 海的；海产的；海生的 42. n. 逮捕；拘留；中止 vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止 第二节 透析与拓展 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词+核心句型+核心词块 1. set sail起航；开航(其后常用介词for) 含有set的其他常用搭配 set up 建立；创立 set about (doing) sth. 开始/着手(做)某事(尤指费时费力的事) set out to do sth. 开始/着手做某事 set. . . aside 暂不考虑；对……置之不理；拨出，留出(钱、时间等) set down 写下；记下；制定，规定(准则、原则等) set off (for). . . 动身(前往……)；引爆；激发(尤指意外事件) be set in. . . 以……为背景 ❶In 1891, at the age of 17, he set sail for Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. 1891年，在17岁的时候，他扬帆远航到了埃及的亚历山大。到了20世纪20年代，他已成为一名寻找古埃及国王的陵墓的探险家。 ❷Zheng He set sail for the “Western Ocean” seven times between 1405 and 1433. 郑和于1405至1433年间七次下“西洋”。 ❸Encouraged by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 受技术进步的鼓舞，许多农民在他们的土地上建起了风力发电场。 ❹We need to set about finding a solution. 我们得着手找一个解决办法。 ❺The government has set out to make many needed reforms. 政府已经着手进行许多必要的改革。 ❻She tries to set aside some money every month. 她每个月都尽量存点钱。 ❼Ralph Waldo Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him. 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生总是记下他突然想到的新想法。 ❽A group of boys were setting off fireworks in the street. 一群男孩子正在街上放烟花。 ❾The novel is set in London in the 1960s. 这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。 特别提示： set sail for someplace中的for不能换成to。表示“到……地方去”时用介词for而不用to的短语还有：leave for (动身前往……)；head for (朝……去)；set off for (动身去……)。 [即学即练]　用含set的短语完成句子 ①Considering his health, I advise him to ________________ an hour or two each day to work out. ②The film is ________________ a remote village in Western China. ③As he was getting on the horse ready to ________________， he found that the road was blocked. ④When the meeting was over, he ________________ writing a report about it immediately. ⑤He was asked to ________________ the facts just as he remembered. ⑥Many websites have been ________________ to help people study foreign languages. ⑦As soon as the crew (船员) were attacked, the police ________________ to look into the matter. 2. negotiate vt. 商定；达成(协议)　vi. 谈判；磋商；协商 (1)negotiate with sb. about/for sth. ＝negotiate sth. with sb. 与某人协商/谈判某事 (2)negotiation n. 协商；谈判 under negotiation (＝being negotiated) 在协商/谈判中 in negotiation with (＝be negotiating with) 和……协商/谈判中 (3)negotiator n. 协商者；谈判代表 ❶Our English teacher is negotiating with the headmaster for the use of the library. ＝Our English teacher is negotiating the use of the library with the headmaster. 我们的英语老师正在同校长协商使用图书馆的事。 ❷The exact details of the agreement are still under negotiation. 协议的具体细节仍在协商中。 语境助记： The negotiators are negotiating with the boss for more pay and the negotiation goes very well. 谈判代表正在和老板为增加工资进行协商，并且谈判进行得很顺利。 [即学即练]　用negotiate的正确形式填空/完成句子 ①After long hours of ________________， the two parties finally reached an agreement. ②He is a tough ________________. ③The issue under ________________ is where the two sides disagree. ④我将与我们的教练就比赛日期进行协商。 →I'll negotiate ________________ our coach ________________ the date of the match. →I'll negotiate the date of the match ________________ our coach. ⑤目前正在就这项提案进行磋商。 →The proposal is now ________________. →The proposal is now ________________. 3. a sight to behold 壮观的景象 (1)sight n. [U]视力；看见；视野[C]看得见的事物；景象；[pl. ]名胜 at first sight 乍一看；初次看到时 at the sight of. . . 一看到…… catch sight of. . . /lose sight of. . . 看见……/看不见…… in sight/out of sight 在视线内/不在视线内 in the sight of. . . 在……眼中；在……看来 (2)short­sighted/near­sighted 近视的；无远见的 (3)far­sighted/long­sighted 远视的；有远见的 ❶The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold. 海滨日出是个比较壮观的景象。 ❷She lost her sight in an accident. 她在一场事故中失明了。 ❸It was my first sight of a robot. 这是我第一次看到机器人。 ❹Never let your child out of your sight for a moment. 一刻都不能让你的孩子离开你的视线。 ❺The sunrise was a beautiful sight. 日出的景象很美。 ❻Delia enjoyed the sights of London. 迪莉娅很喜欢伦敦的名胜。 ❼At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone. 乍一看，那块表没什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。 ❽Some people will faint at the sight of blood. 有些人一见血就晕。 联想拓展： a joy/pleasure to behold The beauty of the garden was a pleasure/joy to behold. 花园美景，赏心悦目。 [即学即练]　翻译短文，注意sight的不同用法 When I caught sight of a girl wearing a white dress in the street, in the sight of me, she was just like a goddess. I thought this was love at first sight. But soon afterwards, she was out of sight. However, she was not out of my mind. She came into my sight again when I was enjoying beautiful sights of the city. I knew I couldn't let her go. I was near­sighted. When I had the chance to look at her closely, I was astonished at the sight of her face. She looked like one of my friends. 4. in return for作为……的报酬；作为……的回报 in return　　　　　　　作为回报 ❶Liz agreed to look after the baby in return for a free room. 利兹同意照看婴儿，条件是要有一间免费房间。 ❷He is always helping people without expecting anything in return. 他一直不求任何回报地帮助他人。 联想拓展：近义短语 in reward for. . . 作为对……的报酬 She got very little in reward for his hard work. 她虽辛苦工作，得到的报酬却很少。 [即学即练]　完成句子/翻译句子 ①我希望我能做点什么事情以报答她的好意。 I wish I could do something ______________________________. ②We offer an excellent all­round education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. in hand在手头；可供使用 at hand 可能很快发生的；在手边，在近处 by hand 用手工；亲手递交的 give/lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 go hand in hand 密切关联 on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . 一方面……另一方面…… ❶Recent economic performance suggests that a major crisis is at hand. 最近的经济状况预示着一场重大的危机可能即将到来。 ❷These mooncakes are made by hand. 这些月饼是手工制作的。 ❸Let me give you a hand with those bags. 我来帮你拎那些包吧。 ❹Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand. 贫困和身体不好常有密切关系。 ❺On the one hand, they'd love to have kids, but on the other hand, they don't want to give up their freedom. 一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们不愿意放弃自由。 高考助记： ①With the coming of new technologies like a computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become a thing of the past. 随着诸如计算机和智能手机等新技术的出现，手写已成为过去的事。 ②Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. 几位以前的教师在现场讲述过去的事情。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①If you apply yourself to the job ________ hand, you'll soon finish it. ②To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card ________ hand. ③On one hand, shopping online makes shopping a lot easier and more convenient; ________ the other hand, paying online has risks. ④They entered the room, hand ________ hand. 6. (教材P26)In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. 在古代，中国的丝绸通过陆路运达印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。 [句式分析]　本句中what引导的是名词性从句中的宾语从句 what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，表示“……的……”，相当于“the＋n. ＋that. . . ”。 ❶What I care is your attitude towards the matter. 我关心的是你对这件事的态度。(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语) ❷The boy dived into the water and after what seemed to be a long time, he came up again. 男孩跳进水里，过了好像很久之后，他才又从水里出来。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语) ❸I don't know what he needs. 我不知道他需要什么。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语) ❹In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年，哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语) ❺A ship is safe in harbour, but that's not what ships are built for. 船在港口里是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。(what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词宾语) [即学即练]　完成句子 ①这次大会超出了我的预期。 The conference was beyond ________________________________. ②我无法想象昨天这里发生了什么。 I can't imagine ________________________. ③我想知道的是我能做什么来帮助你学习英语。 What I want to know is ________________________ to help with your English. ④让我印象最深刻的是我的家乡变化很大。 ________________________ is that my hometown has changed a lot. 7. (教材P26)Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century. 几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的开发，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。 [句式分析]　as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为一句话，as指代前面句子的内容。 关系代词as引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，有“正如”之意，可放在主句前、中或后，但常放于主句之前。 (2)as引导的限制性定语从句，先行词常被the same、such、as、so等修饰。 ❶As the old saying goes, “Do as the Romans do. ”(谚)常言道，入乡随俗。 ❷As is known to everyone, Mark Twain is a great American writer. 众所周知，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 ❸As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。 ❹He is not such a fool as he looks. 他不像看起来那么傻。 ❺The T­shirt I received is not the same as is shown online. 我收到的T恤和网上展示的不一样。 名师点津：as, which的区别 ①as引导的定语从句可置于主句前，而which引导的不可以。 ②as引导定语从句时，常有“正如”之意，而which没有。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same ________ they had always been. ②There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science. ③This is such a difficult question ________ nobody can work out. →This is such a difficult question ________ nobody can work it out. ④________ is reported that the number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. →The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 8. (教材P27)Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋奔向未来。 [句式分析]　“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with的复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语，可以使句子变得简洁。结构如下： with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj. (adj. 表示状态)/adv. (adv. 表示状态)/done(done表示完成或被动)/doing(doing表示主动或正在进行)/to do (to do表示将来，有时用主动形式表示被动意义) ❶Without anyone noticing, I entered the room. 没有人注意，我进入了房间。 ❷In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open. 夏天，她通常开着窗子睡觉。 ❸With much homework to do, I can't go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。 ❹They sat together around the table, with the door shut. 他们关着门围桌而坐。 名师指津： (1)注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式to do、doing、done之间的区别，把握动作是主动、被动还是进行。 (2)具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系，再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生)来选择合适的形式。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Moreover, wider and better social benefits can be reached with the positive social images ________ (build). ②The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow) them. ③With many books ________ (buy), our teacher went to the biggest bookstore. ④All the lights are on, and the square looks more beautiful. →________________________， the square looks more beautiful. ⑤After most of the problems were solved, I felt a great weight taken off my mind. →________________________， I felt a great weight taken off my mind. ⑥Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. →________________________， my English has greatly improved. 9. mixture n. 混合；结合体；混合体 mix vi. & vt. (使)混合；(使)融合 mix. . . with. . . 把……和……混合 mix up 混合；混淆；弄乱 ❶The story is a magical mixture of fantasy and reality. 这个故事是幻想与现实的奇妙结合。 ❷Oil and water don't mix. 油和水不相融。 ❸Dashan, who has been learning crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand­up tradition. 相声是中国的传统喜剧形式，大山已经在中国学习了几十年的相声，他想把西方传统的脱口秀和相声融合到一起。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Many races are ________ (mix) together in Brazil. ②Don't try to mix business ________ pleasure. ③You're always mixing me ________ with my twin sister! ④The city was a ________ (mix) of old and new buildings. ⑤I came home from the meeting with ________ (mix) feelings. [词义拓展]　mixed可作形容词“(感情)矛盾的，复杂的” 10. coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围 (1)media coverage 媒体报道 (2)cover vt. 遮盖，覆盖；包含，走完；占地；报道，足以支付 ❶The clouds had spread and covered the entire sky. 乌云铺开，遮蔽了整个天空。 ❷Believe it or not, the young man, though disabled, managed to cover a distance of 3 miles within 30 minutes. 信不信由你，尽管这位年轻人是残疾人，但他在30分钟内跑完了3英里的路程。 ❸Grasslands in China cover an area of about 400 million hectares, stretching more than 3,000 km from the northeast to the southwest. 中国的草原占地约4亿公顷，从东北到西南绵延3 000多千米。 ❹“Journalists are not going to the field to cover the news because of safety reasons，” Faruk explained. 法鲁克解释说：“出于安全原因，记者不会去实地报道新闻。” ❺And then students get a maintenance loan which helps, like covering the cost of living. 然后，学生会得到一笔生活费用贷款，用来帮助他们支付生活费之类的费用。 [即学即练]　翻译句子 ①Much of the country is covered by snow. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ②They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ③I'd just returned from covering a war. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ④The award should be enough to cover her tuition fees. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ⑤The city covers 25 square miles. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11. applaud vt. & vi. 鼓掌　vt. 称赞；赞赏 applaud sb. for sth. 因某事而赞扬某人 applaud the decision 赞成某个决定 applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩 ❶The audience warmly applauded the excellent performance. 观众们对精彩演出报以热烈的掌声。 ❷I applaud the decision to install more security cameras. 我赞成要装更多监控摄像机的决定。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①She should be applauded ________ her honesty. ②A crowd of 300 supporters warmly ________ (applaud) her speech, which was about civil rights. ③The candidate's promise to improve public schools was greeted with a loud round of ________ (applaud). ④Everyone ________ (applaud) when the play ended. [语境串记]　His applause showed he applauded the decision. 他的掌声表明他赞成这个决定。 12. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯；恩惠 (1)ask/beg for mercy 请求宽恕 怜悯/同情/可怜某人 at the mercy of 任由……摆布 without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地 (2)merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 (3)merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的 ❶He begs for mercy and forgiveness. 他恳求怜悯和宽恕。 ❷They had no mercy on the poor. ＝They showed no mercy to the poor. 他们对穷人毫不仁慈。 ❸I'm not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. 我不想任由银行摆布。 ❹He attacked their values without mercy. 他毫不留情地抨击他们的价值观。 ❺She was merciful to the prisoners. 她对犯人很仁慈。 语境助记： God showed no mercy to the little girl and took her arms without mercy when she was at the age of six but she wasn't at the mercy of fate and made her efforts to be a great speaker. 上帝对这个小女孩一点也不仁慈，在她6岁的时候无情地夺走了她的双臂，但她并没有接受命运的摆布，经过自己的努力成为了一位伟大的演说家。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Whether the secretary will be fired or not is ________ the mercy of her boss. ②The husband took away all the possessions ________ mercy after divorce. ③The courts are expected to show mercy ________ them in these situations. ＝The courts are expected to have mercy ________ them in these situations. ④They were all ________ (mercy) to me, and I lived. 13. possession n. (尤作复数)个人财产；拥有；控制 (1)take possession of 占有，拥有；占领 in possession of sth. 占有(或拥有)某物(表示主动) in the possession of sb. 为某人所有(表示被动) come into possession of 占有某物 (2)possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 be possessed by 被……控制 be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等) ❶Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 修复我们的所有物并改变我们的消费习惯可能是减少垃圾、保护环境最好的办法。 ❷—Does the young man standing there take possession of the company? —No. The company is in the possession of his father. ——站在那边的那个年轻人拥有这家公司吗？ ——不。他父亲拥有这家公司。 ❸My friend, Bob, is in possession of most of the company's shares, and the rest are in the possession of other workers. 我的朋友Bob拥有这家公司的大部分股份，而剩下的则是其他工人所拥有。 ❹When her father died, she possessed a large fortune. 父亲去世后，她继承了一大笔财产。 ❺He is possessed of great self­confidence. 他极有自信。 名师指津： in possession of表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in the possession of表示被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。 有无the不一样的其他介词短语一览： [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①He was then arrested and charged with ________ (possess) a gun. ②You are ________ possession of supplies that we vitally need. ③When can I take possession ________ a car of my own? ④The company is in ________ possession of Tom's brother. ⑤People lost their homes and all their ________ (possess) in the war. 14. opponent n. 反对者；对手；竞争者 (1)oppose vt. & vi. 反对；抵制；使相对 oppose (2)opposed adj. 反对的；截然不同的 be opposed to 反对……；与……对立 ❶The team's opponents are unbeaten so far this season. 该队的竞争对手本赛季尚无败绩。 ❷All the members present opposed the plan bitterly. 所有与会的成员都坚决反对这个计划。 ❸I would oppose changing the plan. 我反对改变这项计划。 ❹His parents are opposed to the marriage. 他的父母反对这桩婚事。 名师指津： (1)oppose后跟表示动作的词语作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后的动词也要用动名词形式。 (2)表示反对的其他表达有disagree with、object to、be against等。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①He opposed ________ (build) a new hall. ②This is a very significant shift because it takes the wind out of our ________ (opponent). ③We are strongly ________ (oppose) to racial discrimination. 15. arrest n. [C，U]逮捕；拘留；中止　vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止；抑制；吸引(注意) be under arrest 被捕；被拘留 arrest sb. for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人 be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕 arrest one's attention 吸引某人的注意 ❶She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。 ❷My brother was arrested for drunk driving. 我哥哥因为酒驾被拘留。 ❸An unusual noise arrested his attention. 一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了他的注意。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①I got arrested ________ careless driving. ②Her uncle was ________ arrest, but nobody knew the reason. ③Five youths ________ (arrest) in connection with the attack. ④Chandler, I'm going to have you ________ (arrest). 16. (教材P32)Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance. 希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。 [句式分析]　as引导时间状语从句，常用来表示“一边……一边……；正当……的时候”；还可以用来表示时间的推移，意为“随着”。 as作为连词的用法主要有： (1)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句。 (2)“当……的时候；一面……一面；随着”，引导时间状语从句。 (3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。 (4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。 (5)“和……一样”引导比较状语从句。 (6)“正如……”引导定语从句。 ❶They sang songs as they were doing farm work. 他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。 ❷As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。 ❸When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 ❹As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him. 因为他没有及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。 ❺Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，知道的却很多。 ❻The result was as good as I had expected. 结果跟我预料的一样好。 ❼As we all know, success comes from hard work. 众所周知，成功源于勤奋。 名师指津： (1)as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译/句式升级 ①________ technology develops, we can have access to the information swiftly. ②In brief, do ________ the Chinese do when in China. ③________ I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it. ④I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just ________ I might do in China. 随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。 ⑤____________________， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (with) ⑥____________________， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (as) ⑦Although they were tired, they stayed up preparing the report. →____________________， they stayed up preparing the report. (倒装) 17. (教材P35)The day is marked in a variety of ways, including the launching of new campaigns and initiatives, and holding special events, all working to advance ocean conservation and education. 这一天以各种方式举行纪念活动，包括发起新的运动和倡议，以及举行特别活动，所以这些都是为了促进海洋保护和海洋教育。 [句式分析]　本句中包含一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 独立主格结构是带有自己的逻辑主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，其在结构上与主句无关系，因此称之为“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中作状语。独立主格结构可放在句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或名词、形容词、副词或介词短语，表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。基本形式是“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”。 ❶So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. 这么多学生缺席，会议不得不推迟。 ❷His wallet having been stolen, he didn't know what to do next. 他的钱包被偷了，他不知道接下来该怎么办。 ❸These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month. 这是头两本书，下个月出版第三本。 ❹I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of sorrow. 听说她在事故中受伤了，我心里十分悲伤。 ❺The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. 男孩仰卧着，双手交叉放在头后。 名师指津： 在英语中，谓语只能是动词，不是谓语的动词全部改成非谓语动词。独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表原因、时间、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①The weather ________ (be) fine, they decided to go out for a walk. ②The composition given by the teacher ________ (do) well, Alice went to watch TV. ③Everything ________ (take) into consideration, his work is well done. ④All his work ________ (finish), he left his office at ease. ⑤The power station was built on the river, our village and some others ________ (supply) with electricity. ⑥There ________ (be) nothing else to do, we left. 【答案】 1. ①set aside　②set in　③set off　④set about　⑤set down　⑥set up　⑦set out 2. ①negotiation　②negotiator　③negotiation　④with　about/for　with　⑤under negotiation　being negotiated 3. 当我在街上看到一位穿着白色连衣裙的女孩时，在我眼中，她就宛如一位女神。我想这就是一见钟情吧。但不久之后，她就不见了。但我对她却念念不忘。当我在欣赏城市的美景时，我再次见到了她。我知道我不能让她离开。我是个近视眼。当我有机会好好看看她时，一看到她的面庞，我感到很吃惊。她长得像我的一个朋友。 4. ①in return for her kindness　②我们为学生提供优质全面的教育。作为回报，我们希望学生能努力学习。 5. ①in　②at　③on　④in 6. ①what I had expected　②what happened here yesterday　③what I can do　④What impressed me most 7. ①as　②as　③as　that　④It　as 8. ①built　②following　③to buy　④With all the lights on　⑤With most of the problems solved　⑥With my teacher helping me 9. ①mixed　②with　③up　④mixture　⑤mixed 10. ①这个国家的大部分地区都被雪覆盖。　②他们昨天打算走40英里。　③我刚报道完一场战争回来。　④这笔资金应该够她支付学费了。　⑤这个城市占地25平方英里。 11. ①for　②applauded　③applause　④applauded 12. ①at　②without　③to　on/upon　④merciful 13. ①possessing　②in　③of　④the　⑤possessions 14. ①building　②opponents　③opposed 15. ①for　②under　③were arrested　④arrested 16. ①As　②as　③As/Because　④as　⑤With time going by　⑥As time went by　⑦Tired as/though they were 17. ①being　②done　③taken　④finished　⑤supplied　⑥being 第3节 应用与提升 语境实战 翻译提升 Ⅰ. 单词语境填空(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词) 1. There are plans to ________ (扩大) the no­smoking area. 2. They should ________ (协商) with the other players to get the best rate possible. 3. Both powers ________ (撤离) their forces from the region. 4. The ________ (航道) had chocked up with sand so that boats couldn't use it. 5. In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong ________ (关系) between two people. 6. We were treated to a ________ (皇家的，王室的) feast. 7. When he entered the hall, he saw all the people standing there, applauding (鼓掌). 8. The police have arrested (逮捕) the man who sold drugs to the teenagers. 9. Meanwhile (与此同时), I am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. 10. At the World Championship, Jack defeated all his opponents (对手) and became the championship. 11. You are allowed to withdraw (提取)$1，000 a month from the account. 【答案】 1. extend　2. negotiate　3. withdrew　4. channel　5. bond　6. royal　7. applauding　8. arrested 9. Meanwhile　10. opponents　11. withdraw Ⅱ. 词汇拓展单句填空。(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) 1. ①They agreed to try to settle their dispute by _____________ (negotiate). ②They are _____________ (negotiate) a deal in the office，but neither is willing to make a compromise. 2. The _____________ (mercy) king showed mercy to the poor，who, in turn, applauded the king. 3. The brilliant professor is a doctor by profession, so he has much _____________ (profession) knowledge in medicine. 4. ①This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its _____________ (mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements. ②With _____________ (mix) feelings in mind，she doesn't know what to do next. 【答案】 1． Negotiation; negotiating 2． merciful 3． professional 4． Mixture; mixed III. 词块语法单句填空 set sail, take action, for the benefit of, in hand 1. As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up in our school to call on us to _____________ for a greener earth. 2. With night approaching, we decided to _____________ for home by kayaking. 3. Money is running out. I must go to the bank to withdraw some before I have none _____________. 4. I have typed out some lecture notes _____________ those people who were absent last week. 【答案】 1． take action 2． set sail 3． in hand 4． for the benefit of IV. 重点句式仿写 1. 他学习上从来没出过问题，他的老师很欣赏这点。(which引导非限制性定语从句) He never has problems in his study, _______________________________________. 2. 急需提高人们的环保意识。(There is an urgent need to do sth) ____________________________________________________ the environmental protection. 3. 快点！ 我们赶上头班车的时间所剩无几了。(There be＋名词＋left) Hurry up! __________________________ to catch the first bus. 【答案】 1． which was admired by his teacher 2． There is an urgent need to improve people's awareness of 3． There is little time left for us V. 课文语法填空。(Reading and Thinking部分) Trade and curiosity have often contributed to mankind's greatest 1. ________ (achieve). In ancient times, silk from China got to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along the road 2. ________ became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea 3. ________ (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, where merchants from China and many other places met 4. ________ (negotiate) trade deals. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as 5. ________ (record) in Du Huan's Record of My Travels. Between 1405 6. ________ 1433, seven large fleets under the command of Zheng He sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship 7. ________ return for gold, silk, and spices. To reach out across the sea remains 8. ________ strong desire today. Trading has grown 9. ________ (great) in recent years. China has also joined 10. ________ (it) friends across the sea on other important projects. China will have more expeditions across the sea far into the future. 【答案】 1. achievements　2. which/that　3. was extended　4. to negotiate　5. recorded　6. and　7. in　8. a　9. greatly　10. its 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$