Unit1 一般过去时知识清单学案--2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

一般过去时知识清单 学习目标： 1. 概述： 一般过去时的定义及常见时间标志词 2. 一般过去时的构成 3. 动词过去式变化规则（规则变化+不规则变化+巧记口诀） 4. 一般过去时的用法 · 概述： · 一般过去时：主要表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. I received a strange phone call yesterday. e.g. The person you are looking for went away just now. · 常见时间标志词： 1. yesterday类：yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday afternoon等。 2. last类：last week, last year, last term等。 3. ago类：three days ago, two weeks ago, a few days ago, … 4. in + 过去的年份：in 1980, … 5. this类：this morning 6. just now 刚才；the other day 不久前的一天；at that time 在那时；at that moment 在那时；in the old days 在过去的岁月里；in the past 在过去；once upon a time 从前；at the age of … 在……岁时 · 口诀：昨天上个N久前，in + 过年when字连。 e.g. I got up at six this morning. e.g. We visited the factory last week. e.g. When I was in the country, I often swam in the river. · 一般过去时的构成：主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他. 1. 肯定句：(1) 主语 + be (was/were) + 其他. e.g. She was born on a cold morning. (2) 主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他. e.g. Bob wanted to go to Shanghai last year. 2. 否定句：(1) 主语 + be (was/were) + not + 其他. e.g. Her sister wasn't in yesterday. (2) 主语 + did not / didn’t +动词原形+其他. (助动词照妖镜，后面v.现原形) e.g. We didn't agree with you. 3. 疑问句：(1) Be (Was/Were) + 主语 + 其他? 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. e.g. Were you very tired last night? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. (2) Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 回答：Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn’t. e.g. Did he invite you to his party? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. · 小口诀：肯变否，加not。有情有be加其后，无情无be借助动。 一般疑，莫着急，看到情be往前提。没有情be没关系，添加助动来帮你。 助动词有原则，后跟动原要记得。 · 动词过去式变化规则 1. 规则变化 --- 直去双改 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 直接在词尾加-ed look --- looked 以-e结尾的动词 在词尾加-d hope --- hoped 以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-i再加-ed study --- studied 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed stop --- stopped 【练】写出下列单词的过去式 watch --- __________ plan --- __________ like --- __________ clap --- __________ stay --- __________ prefer --- __________ admit --- __________ try --- __________ permit --- __________ expect --- __________ copy --- __________ carry --- __________ 答案：watched; planned; liked; clapped; stayed; preferred; admitted; tried; permitted; expected; copied; carried 2. 不规则变化（部分常见）--- 需时常复习动词不规则变化表 (1) A-A-A型： cost 花费；cut 切/割；hit 击打；hurt 伤害；let 让；put 放；read 读；set 树立/设置；shut 关闭；spread 传播 (2) A-B-A 型： become-became-become 成为; come-came-come 来; run-ran-run 跑 (3) A-B-B 型： 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eep -ept -ept keep, sweep, sleep -ell -old -old tell, sell -end -ent -ent lend, spend, send -ay -aid -aid say, pay, lay -n -nt -nt burn, learn, mean -ought -ought bring, buy, fight, think -aught -aught catch, teach (4) A-B-C 型： 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eak -oke -oken break, speak -eal -ole -olen steal -ear -ore -orn wear, bear, tear -ow -ew -own grow, blow, know, throw -aw -ew -awn draw -i- -a- -u- sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin (5) A-A-B 型：beat-beat-beaten 打败 · 过去式小秘诀： ·中间有双e，去e尾加t；词尾有t、d，去e不加t。 e.g. keep-kept; feel-felt; sleep-slept; sweep-swept; meet-met; speed-sped ·结尾d，变成t。 e.g. build-built; lend-lent; spend-spent; send-sent ·中间i，a来替。 e.g. sit-sat; ring-rang; drink-drank; sing-sang; swim-swam; begin-began; give-gave ·吃(eat)了之后头变尾，hear后面多个弟(d)。 e.g. eat-ate; hear-heard ·若是“买”“来”“想”“打仗”，战甲ought要换上。 e.g. buy-bought; bring-brought; think-thought; fight-fought ·“教”书“抓住”耍流氓，制服aught来帮忙。 e.g. teach-taught; catch-caught ·“让”他“放”下“切”刀去“读”书，以免头被“伤害”被“撞”， 还要“花”钱“安置”“关闭”“传播”厂 (8个t，2个d) e.g. let-let; put-put; cut-cut; read-read; hurt-hurt; hit-hit; cost-cost; set-set; shut-shut; spread-spread 【练】写出下列单词的过去式 meet --- __________ see --- __________ eat --- __________ tell --- __________ make --- __________ take --- __________ bite --- __________ go --- __________ drink --- __________ swim --- __________ sit --- __________ sleep --- __________ feel --- __________ drive --- __________ fly --- __________ write --- __________ find --- __________ think --- __________ 答案：met; saw; ate; told; made; took; bit; went; drank; swam; sat; slept; felt; drove; flew; wrote; found; thought · 一般过去时的用法 1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 这种情况常与表示过去时间的状语连用，如：a moment ago, yesterday, just now, during the night, in 2015, last year, in the Tang dynasty等。 e.g. I met Julia last year. e.g. Mr. Smith came to see you just now. e.g. The fire broke out during the night. e.g. They went to Shanghai yesterday. 2. 叙述没有具体时间的过去的动作或存在的状态 这种用法中常不带具体表过去的时间状语，只通过动词的过去式来表达。 e.g. I was born in Beijing and went to college in Shanghai. e.g. Could you please repeat your address? I didn't quite catch it. e.g. I got up late, so I missed the first bus. 3. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 常常与always, usually, often, sometimes, never等连用。 e.g. He often played football when he was young. 4. 表示过去将来的动作 ★★★ (主过将从一过) 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作 e.g. Alina said she would come if I waited for her. e.g. Melissa told me that as soon as she arrived, she would ring me up. 5. since从句中通常用一般过去时。 ★★★★ e.g. How long is it since we last went to the theater? 6. 用“used to + 动词原形”或“would + 动词原形”表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 used to do sth. 强调“过去常常做，而现在已经不做了” e.g. When did you use to get up? e.g. I used to take a walk in the morning. (而现在不在早晨散步了) e.g. Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 7. 追述逝去的人或事 e.g. The book was written by Liang Shiqiu. e.g. Lei Feng set a good example for the people throughout the world. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$