Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 单元能力提升-【重难点手册】2024-2025学年八年级上册英语（人教版）

重难点册 八年级英语 上册 BJ Too much work keeps me busy and tired. 例14-2 用括号内所给单词的适 太多的工作使得我忙碌又疲惫。 当形式填空。 ①The bovs kept You'd better keep the chicken in the fridge (play) 你最好把鸡肉保存在冰箱里。 soccer in the rain. ②After having a rest, they Father keeps me staving at home. went on (work). 爸爸让我一直待在家里。 例15 The students went on Keep the kids from touching the picture. their homework after 不要让孩子们碰那幅画。 they read English. 要点15 A. to do goon继续下去 B. doing C. did D. do If he goes on like this, he'll lose his job. 如果他继续这样下去,他会丢掉工作的。 【答案与解析】 14-1 B 句意:“英语一开始很 拓展(1)goon也有“(时间)过去”之意。 难学。”“是的,但是如果你继续努 As the months went on, he became impatient 力,你会取得进步的。”第一空用 一个又一个月过去了,他逐渐变得不耐烦了。 动词不定式作状语,符合“be士形 (2)goon还可以表示“发生”,与happen同义,常用于进 容词十todo”的结构,其中不定 行时态。 式用主动形式表示被动意义:第 What's going onhere?这儿发生什么事了? 二空用动名词作宾语,keep doingsth.意为“继续做某事”。 链校> goondoingsth. 继续做(原来做的)某事 14-2 ①playing 句意:男孩们继 goontodosth.继续做(另外一件事) 续在雨中踢足球。keepdoingsth Though it got dark, they went on walking 意为“继续做某事”。②working 虽然天黑了,但他们还继续走着。 句意:休息后,他们继续工作。表 After he had finished his English homework, he went on 示“继续做(原来做的)事情”用 todohismath. 做完英语作业后,他接着做数学作业。 “go on doing sth.”。 注意goon还可以用于口语中,意为“来吧”时,多用 15 A“读英语”和“做家庭作 业”是两件事,故用“goontodo 于鼓励某人做某事;意为“好吧”时,多表示同意或允许 sth.”结构,表示“继续做(另外一 Go on,have another cupof tea. 来吧,再喝一杯茶。 件事)”。 单元能力提升 语法要点精讲 语法剖析。 对点例析。 。。。。。。要点。。。。。。 一、复合不定代词 例1-1(2023·山东滨州中考) Chinese chess player Ding 1. 构成:由some、any、every、no加上body、one、thing构 Liren has done. he can 成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。具体见下表 in chess and has put all that he 24 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? body thing one has into the games. Yes, and he has become something chess world champion(冠军) someone某人 some somebody某人 某物 recently. A. everything anything B. nothing any anybody任何人 anyone任何人 C. something 任何事物 D. none 例1-2(2023·辽宁营口中考) everything everyone每个人 every everybody每个人 Daming is happy today because 一切事物 he helped look for a nothing set of keys on his way home. no one没人 no nobody没人 A. nobody 没有什么 B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody 2. 用法: 例1-3(2023·湖南益阳中考) (1)复合不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。 Did you buy special somebody、something、someone一般用于肯定句;anything、 1 for your father on Father's Day? anybody、anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句。 Yes, I bought a pair of There is someone outside the door. 门外有人 sports shoes for him. A. something Is there anvone in the room? 房间里有人吗? B. anything C. nothing I don't have anything to say today. 例1-4(2021·江苏宿迁中考) 我今天没有什么可说的。 -Is here? (2)复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时,形容 -Yes. We are all ready. A. somebody 词和动词不定式等应置于其后。 B. neither C. everybody D. none I have something important to tell you 例1-5(2022·云南中考)I 我有重要的事情告诉你 advise you not to show He didn't have anything to eat for two days. on the WeChat because it may cause trouble. 他两天没吃过任何东西。 A. anything personal (3)复合不定代词表示单数概念,作主语时,谓语动词用 B. personal anything 单数形式。 C. something personal D. personal something Everything begins to grow in spring. 【答案与解析】 春天,万物开始生长。 1-1 A 句意:“中国象棋棋手丁 Someone is waiting for you at the door 立人已经在国际象棋上尽了最大 有人在门口等你。 的努力,并把他所有的一切都投入 比赛。”“是的,他最近已经成为世界 (4)在表示请求、建议、反问等的疑问句中,间话者希望得 象棋冠军。”everything每件事; 到肯定答复时,常用含有some的不定代词。 nothing没什么;something某件事; Will you ask someone to carry the box for me? none没有一个。根据“and haspu all that he has into the games"可 你能叫人帮我搬一下这个箱子吗? 知,此处应用“do everythingsb. Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗? can”,表示“尽一切努力” (5)anyone、anvthing也可用在肯定句中,表示“任何人” 1-2 C 句意:大明今天很高 “任何事”。 兴,因为他在回家的路上帮别人 找了一串钥是。nobody没有人 Anyone candothis.任何人都会做这个。 anybody任何人;somebody某人; 25 重难点册 八年级英语 上册 RJ I can do anvthing for you. 我能为你做任何事. everybody每个人。 根据“because (6)someone、anyone、everyone都只能指人,且不和介词 he helped.e. look for a set of keys on hiswayhome”可知,本句是肯定 of 连用;some one、anyone、everyone则既可指人又可指物. 句,表示帮助某人找钥匙。 1-3 可与介词of连用。 B 句意:“父亲节那天你 Anvone should be polite to others 给你父亲买了什么特别的东西 吗?”“是的,我给他买了一双运动 任何人都要对他人礼貌。 鞋。”something某件东西;anything -Which toy would you like? 你要哪个玩具? 什么东西,任何东西;nothing没有 一件东西。根据“Yes,Iboughta -Any one isOK.随便。 pair of sports shoes for him."可 noone(一nobody)意为“没有人”,只用来指人,通常不 知,此处问的是买什么东西了吗。 和介词of连用;none意为“没有一个”,既可指人也可指物,可 在疑问句中表示“什么东西;什么 事情”用anything。 与介词of连用。 1-4 C 句意:“ 都在 No one cando itbetter. 没有人能做得更好。 吗?”“是的。我们都准备好了。” None of these questions is easy somebody某人;neither 两者都 不;everybody所有人;none没有 这些问题没有一个是容易的。 人(或物)。根据答语中“Weare (7)“notevery-”表示部分否定,意为“并非都;不都” all ready.”可知,此处应是询问 Not everyone ishere. 不是每个人都在这里。 是否每个人都在场。 1-5 A 句意:我建议你不要 “not...any-”和”no”均表示完全否定。 在微信上显示任何私人的东西, I haven't called anyone anybody. =I have called no one/ 因为这可能会引起麻烦。some nobody.我没给任何人打过电话。 thing意为“某件东西”,常用于肯 定句;anything意为“任何东西”, 二、一般过去时态 常用于否定句。此句是否定句, 应用anything。形容词修饰复合 不定代词时,应放在其后。 1. 一般过去时态的用法 。。。。要点②。。。。 (1)一般过去时可以用来表示在过去某一确定的时间内 例2-1(2023·湖北武汉中考) 发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 Jessica every night before her Chinese test and got 常用的时间状语有yesterday、the daybeforeyesterday、ago、 good results. just now、 last night week/Sunday month year、at that A. studies B. studied C. has studied time (moment)、then、a few days weeks months/ years D. will study ago、in2016等。 例2-2(2023·黑龙江续化中考) How did you get to school I went tosee a film yesterday. 昨天我去看电影了。 yesterday? (2)一般过去时可以用来表示过去一个时期内的习惯性 my bike to 动作。 school. A. rode B. ride C. rides We used to play together when we were young. 2-3(2023·江苏泰州中考) 我们还是小孩的时候,经常在一起玩。 Can anyone give me an example of an event in the past? (3)一般过去时可以用来表示过去某个时间内连续发生 -Ican. 的动作。 A. Shenzhou XVI will come back 26 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? He came into the room, turned on the light, sat by the B. Quan Hongchan won the gold medal. table and began to read a book. C. I am taking the English exam. 他走进房间,打开灯,坐在桌子旁,然后开始读书。 D. My classmate is going to watch (4)评价已故的人时,常用一般过去时 a film. 例2-4(2023·四川泸州中考) Comrade Lei Feng was a good example to us Which teacher will you 雷锋同志是我们的好榜样。 miss the most after graduation? -Mrs. Chen. She encouraged 2. 动词的过去式 me a lot when I the (1)规则动词的过去式的变换; English exam. A. fail B. was failing 变换规则 动词 举例 读音规则 C. failed D. have failed watch-watched 例2-5(2023·北京中考)The 直接加ed 1 help-helped 一般的动词 Shenzhou-15 astronauts work-worked to Earth safely on June 4,2023. A. return B. returned love-loved C. will return D. have returned 以字母e结尾 直接加d live-lived 例2-6(2021·广西贵港中考) 的动词 清辅音后读 arrive -arrived Where does Bill live? /t/;浊辅音和 -He 0 me his address. study -studied 元音后读/d/: 变y为i,再 以辅音字母加 but I can't remember it now. cry-cried 辅音/t/与/d/ A. tells B. told y结尾的动词 加ed C. is telling 后读/id/ worry-worried D. will tell 例2-7(2020·湖北武汉中考) 以重读闭音节 Sally 先双写这个 where she had shop- 结尾且末尾只 shopped 辅音字母, left the car and the police found stop- stopped 有一个辅音字 it this morning. 再加ed A. forgot 母的动词 B. has forgotten C. forgets D. had forgotten (2)不规则动词的过去式的变换需要特殊记忆,每个不规 州2-8(2020·贵州黔西南州 中考)-Peter, have you ever 则动词的变换形式都必须牢记。不规则动词的过去式的变化 been to the English Corner? -Oh,yes. I 没有统一的规则,但并非一点规律也没有,下面介绍几则小技 there to practice speaking once a week 巧来帮助大家记忆。 last term. A. went ①无a是ought,有a是aught B.go C. have gone D. will go 这句话是用于记忆bring、buy、think和catch、teach的过 例2-9 __ Do you know who 去式的,即bring一brought、buy-bought,thinkthought、 took the students to the old people's home, Tony? catch-caught、teach-taught。 Well, Mr. Smith A. took ②保持原形不变:必须(must)让(let)他们放(put)下切 B.does C. did D. do (cut)刀来读(read)书,以免受伤(hurt) 例2-10(2020·海南中考)Eric 这句话是用于记忆动词的过去式和动词原形相同的单词 often his aunt before 的,即must-must、 let-let、put-put、cut-cut、read- he moved to the city. A. has visited B. visits read,hurt-hurt. C. visited 27 重难册 八年级英语 上册 BJ ③游冰(swim)唱歌(sing)后,开始(begin)坐(sit)下,给 【答案与解析】 2-1 (give)点喝(drink)的,字母i就变成a。 B 句意:杰西卡在语文考 试前每天晚上都学习,并取得了 这句话是用于记忆将原词中的i改为字母a的单词的,即 好成绩。根据“andgot”可知,空 swim-swam、sing-sang、begin-began、sit-sat、give 处与got是并列关系,所以空处 应填动词的过去式。 gave,drink-drank 2-2 A 句意:“你昨天是怎么 ④长(grow)大后知道(know)不要乱扔(throw)乱画 到学校的?”“我骑自行车去的。” (draw),字母组合ow/aw就变成ew. 根据时间状语yesterday可知,句 子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。 这句话是用于记忆将原词的ow/aw变成字母ew的单词的. 2-3 B 句意:“谁能给我举一 即grow-grew、know-knew、throw-threw、draw-drew。 个过去的例子?”“我可以,全红 婵赢得了金牌。”根据问句中的 3. 一般过去时的句型结构 “inthepast”可知,此处需要用一 谓语动词为be动词 谓语动词为实义动词 般过去时。 2-4 C 句意:“毕业后你最想 主语十was/were十其 主语十动词过去式十 念哪位老师?”“陈老师。我英语 他。 其他. 考试不及格时,她给了我很多鼓 My father 肯定句 was at They had a good time 励。”根据“She encouraged me a home. yesterday. lot when I .. the English exam. 我爸爸在家。 他们昨天玩得很高兴。 可知,主句和从句都用一般过去 时,动词用过去式。 主语十was/were十not 2-5 B 句意:神舟十五号飞行 十其他. 主语+didnot+动词 员在2023年6月4日安全返回 (was not /were not 原形十其他. 地球。根据空后的“toEarth 否定句 可缩写为wasn't/ They didn't watch TV safely onJune 4,2023”可知,本 weren't) last night. 句讲述的是过去发生的事,应用 他们昨晚没有看电视。 It wasn't very good. 一般过去时。 2-6 B 句意:“比尔住在哪 这不是很好。 里?”“他告诉过我他的地址,但我 Was/Were+主语+其 Did十主语士动词原 现在想不起来了。”根据“bu1 他? 形十其他? can't remember it now”可知,回 肯定回答:Yes,主语 肯定回答:Yes,主语十 答者现在记不起来比尔告诉过自 十did. was/were. 己的地址,空处应用一般过去时。 否定回答:No,主语十 否定回答:No,主语十 2-7 A 句意:萨莉忘记了她把 一般疑问句 didn't. wasn't/weren't. 车停在哪里,警察今天早上找到 及其答语 Did they have a Were you busy 了车。根据“and the police founc yesterday? meeting last week? it”可知,空处与found是并列关 系,空处也应用一般过去时态。 你昨天忙吗? 他们上周开会了吗? forget的过去式为forgot。 Yes, I was. No, they didn't. 2-8 A 由句中的时间状语 是的,我很忙。 不,他们没开。 lastterm可知,该句应用一般过 去时态,go的过去式为went。 特殊疑问词十did十主 2-9 C 根据问句中的took可 特殊疑问词十was 语十动词原形十其 were十主语十其他? 以判断时态为一般过去时,故答句 他? Who was the boy over 中用助动词did来替代谓语动词 特殊疑问句 What did you eat for 2-10 C 句意:埃里克在搬到 there? breakfast? 这个城市之前经常去看望他的姨 那边的那个男孩是谁? 你早餐吃的什么? 妈。此处是指过去经常发生的动 作,故用一般过去时。 28 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 易错误区诊断 误区① 误区② 形容词修饰复合不定代词时的位置 enough的误用 错误 例2 I don't know him to ask him for 例1 Did you buy for Linda's help. birthday? A. good enough Yes, I bought some flowers. B. enough good A. something unusual C. enough well B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. well enough D. unusual anything 错因分析 有的学生混淆了副词enough 错因分析 形容词修饰名词时,位于名词 和very的用法,以为enough修饰形容词或副 之前,因此有的学生认为形容词修饰复合不定 词时也位于被修饰词之前,因而错选B项或 代词时,也位于复合不定代词之前,因而错选了 C项;有的学生混淆了good和well的词性,因 C项或D项。 而错选A项或B项。 正解 B 正解 D 解析 本题考查复合不定代词的用法。 解析 know是动词,应用副词well修饰, something(某事/物)一般用于肯定句中. 而不用形容词good;enough修饰副词时,应位 anything(任何事/物)常用于否定句和疑问句 于副词之后。故D项正确。 中。本句是一般疑问句,应用anything。形容 防错笔记 词修饰复合不定代词时,应位于复合不定代词 之后。故B项正确。 enough意为“足够的地;充分的地” -随错 笔记- 它作形容词修饰名词时,可位于名词之前或 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,应位于复 之后:作副词修饰形容词或副词时,应置于被 合不定代词之后。 修饰词之后。 03 写作专项指导 写假期游玩日记 写作要领 天气情况写在正文的右上方,一般用形容词,有 本单元主要通过讨论在过去的假期里做了 时可不写。日记的正文通常记叙过去发生的事, 什么事情来学习一般过去时态,学会以日记的 因此使用一般过去时,并且常用第一人称来写。 形式来描述过去的事情。 2. 注意事项 1. 日记的格式 假期游玩类文章属于典型的记叙文,故在 英文日记与中文日记的格式相似,主要由 写作时,应注意写清时间,地点,人物,事件的起 书端和正文两部分组成。书端,即日记的第一 因、经过、结果。在写作时,应按照一定的顺序 行,在书端部分要写清星期、日期以及天气情 (如时间顺序),要主次分明、详略得当,并适当 况。星期和日期写在正文左上方,可以缩写。 写出自己的感受。 29 重难点册 八年级英语 上册 RJ 句型积累 剧词酌句 · It was sunny cloudy/.. today. 1. 词汇 今天天气晴朗/多云/..... fine; go to: on vacation; trip; be friendly to; ·I We went to summer camp. first; then; play beach volleyball; a little; hungry; 我我们去参加了夏令营。 have seafood; delicious: have a great time ·I We went boating/shopping/ ... 2. 句式 我我们去划船/购物/....了。 . there be句型 · I We visited/ate/played ... . When .., sb. did sth. 我 我们参观了/吃了/玩了..... 写作模 ·I/We went to ... by bike/bus ... =I 书端) Tuesday, May 5th We rode my our bike(s)/took the bus to ... The weather ... 我 我们骑自行车/乘公交车去...... 地点 I went to the beach .. · I/We was/were felt happy/excited . 我/我们高兴/兴奋...... 人们的态度They were · I We really enjoyed .. 正文 At first, we swam ... 我/我们真的喜欢/享受...... 活动) Then we played ... .IWe had fun doing .. At noon, we ... 我/我们愉快地做...... 感受All of us had a great time! · I We had a good/great wonderful fun 优秀范文 time thatday. 那天我 我们过得很快乐。 Tuesday, May 5th 典型例题 Fine The weather was fine today. I went to the 5月5日,你们班组织了一次郊游。请根 beach for a trip with my classmates. There 据表格内容,发挥想象,写一篇英语日记,记述 were many people there on vacation. They 这次假期旅行。 were friendly to each other, First, we swam May 5th, Weather Date fine happily in the sea. Then we plaved beach Tuesday vollevball. When we were tired, we lav on the Place beach People friendly beach and relaxed. At noon, we felt a little hungry, so we went to have some seafood. It Feeling Activities play beach volleyball. great swim, have seafood was very delicious! All of us had a great time! 要求:1.要点齐全,可适当发挥 名师点评 2. 词数80左右。 作者能准确地运用提示中所给的单词和短 思路点拨 语,并加以适当的发挥,写出了自己当天的活 这是一篇日记,要注意格式。首先应交代 动,最后表达了自己的感受,前后呼应。具体亮 时间及天气,然后开始写正文。正文部分要说 点有: 明旅行的地点、那里人们的态度、“我”的活动以 1.多种句式的综合运用避免了句式单一, 及“我”的感受四个方面。为了避免句式单一, 同时也使文章更具有可读性。 在描写活动时,可运用多种句式进行表达。写 2. 短语 on vacation、be friendly to、each 作时应用一般过去时。 other等的运用,提高了作文的档次。 30