Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Using language 语法加练习课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

外研选择性Book 1 Unit 1 Laugh out loud Grammar Non-defining attributive clauses 语法讲解加练习 1 Teaching Objectives Teaching objectives: To learn the use of non-defining attributive clauses and the differences and similarities between restrictive attributive clauses and non-defining attributive clauses To apply non-defining attributive clauses into passages. 2 1. What do “where”, “which” and “when” refer to in each sentence? 2. Which sentence contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information? 3. What are the differences between a clause with essential information and the one with extra information? [the differences between (c) and (a, b)] If we remove it, the sentence does not make sense. If we remove it, the sentence still makes sense. 1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. 探究发现 1. Scientific studies that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. 2. People sit uuncomfortably on plastic chairs looking throught old magaziness, all of which have been read hundreds of time previously. 3. Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 4. She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them to keep fit. 5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks. 6. He went to a rural mountainous village in the 1990s, when he became famous there. 以上六句从句和主句之间都有逗号隔开，从句全是非限制性定语从句，起到补充说明的作用，去掉定语从句，主句成立。 要义详解 Ⅰ定义：用来修饰或补充说明一个名词或代词或一个句子的从句且用逗号隔开叫非限制性定语从句。 1. My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in the New York at the moment. 我的大儿子现在纽约。他的工作让他走遍世界各地。 （此句中的定语从句只是对My eldest son起补充说明，无需加以限制） 2. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, where you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保罗教堂，在哪里你可以听到一些动听的音乐。 （圣保罗教堂为专有名词，独一无二，因此无需进行限制，定语从句仅仅是补充说明） 3. The number od smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟人数仅在一年内减少了百分之十七。 （as为定语从句，代表主句整个内容，用非限制性定语从句） 5 Ⅱ. 详析 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与先行词之间不用逗号隔开 与先行词之间用逗号隔开 功能 与先行词的关系十分密切，限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉从句，剩余部分的意义往往不完整，甚至失去意义。 是先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意义仍然完整。 先行词 先行词一般为单个名词（词组）或代词 先行词即可以是单个名词（词组）或代词，往往是专有名词或大家共知，也可以是主句整个内容或其中一部分。 引导词 可用所有的关系代词和关系副词，且关系词做定语从句的宾语时可以省略。 在所有的关系词中，不能使用that或why，且关系词做定语从句的宾语时不能省略。 判断一下句子为限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句并连接起来 1. We are all familiar with the writer Lu Xun. Who died in the 1930s. 2. The girl works hard to keep her job. Who likes expensive bags. 3. I live next door to a couple. Whose children often make a lot of noise. 4. There are many students in our class. Whose parents work far away. 5. The private survived the Second World War. Where many countries were involved. 6. Yesterday, I visited the school. Where I studied 20 years ago. 7. Please bring the book along. Which I bought for you last week. 8. We got to know each other at the Renmin Road. Which is now under reconstruction. 答案及简介 1. We are all familiar with the writer Lu Xun, who died in the 1930s. (鲁迅我们大家共知，定语从句为补充内容） 2. The girl who likes expensive bags works hard to keep her job. （没有定语从句，先行词不完整） 3. I live next door to a couple, whose children often make a lot of noise. （定语从句部分仅对先行词七补充说明作用） 4. There are many students in our class whose parents work far away. (没有定语从句，主句不完整） 5. The private survived the Second World War, where many countries were involved. (二战人人了解，从句其补充作用） 6. Yesterday, I visited the school where I studied 20 years ago. （离开了定语从句,the school不明确） 7. Please bring the book along which I bought for you last week. （离开了定语从句,the book不明确） 8. We got to know each other at the Renmin Road, which is now under reconstruction. (the Renmin Road为专有名词，定语从句其补充作用） Ⅲ非限制性定语从句注意事项 一、关系代词that和关系副词why不能出现在非限制性定语从句中,why可以用for which代替。另外，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。 correct the two sentences 1. Yesterday, an accident happened in the street corner, that frightened me a lot. 2. Mnay of us wanted to know the reason, why he didn’t attend the meeting. 3. Last weekend, I visited the Red Farm with Li Hua, I often go to school with. 二、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which和whom。 1. He wrote many children’s books, nearly halfs of ____were published in the 1990s. 2. Several people were caught in the big fire, four of ____were badly injured. 1. that---which 2. why---for which 3. 在I often go to..前面加whom 1. which 2. whom 10 三、非限制性定语从句和限定性定语从句翻译有区别。 Translate the following sentenses. 1. They have four children, the daughter of whom is woking in tha tbig compnay now. 2. There was a very young girl there who was selling flowers. 3. To him, it was an important lesson which he could never forget. 4. He went back to the place where the girl sold flowers. 5. We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 6. Last summer, I visited the Great Wall, which is the symbol of China. 7. Some pre-school children go to a day centre, where they learn simple game and songs. 1. 他们有四个孩子，他们的女儿现在在那家大公司上班。 2. 这里有一个正在卖花的年轻女孩。 3. 对他来讲，这是他永远不会忘记的重要的一课。 4. 他返回到那个女孩卖花的地方。 5. 我们生活在很多事情都可以通过电脑来做的年代。 6. 去年夏天，我参观了长城，长城是中国的象征。 7. 许多学前儿童去托儿所，在那里他们学到了一些简单的游戏和歌曲。 总结： 非限制性定语从句翻译成两个分句。而定语从句往往是“定语从句的先行词”这样顺序翻译。 四、as和which引导非限制性定语代表主句整个内容的区别。 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既指代整个主句的内容 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句只能位于主句之后 意义 正如，关于这一点 这、那 功能 起连接上下文的作用，表达说话的人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或住处等。 常和动词say, know, report, hope, expect, suggest等连用。或者句型as is often the case 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，往往有一个因果关系。 1. As a student in senior high school, the most important task is to study hard, _____determines our future. 2. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___can be very eye-opening and rewarding. 3. The Beatles, ___many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 4. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ___meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. 5. ___is reported in the newspapers, talks between the 2 countries are making progress. 6. He has got such a good chance ____everyone else wants. 7. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ____school education depends on. Keys 1. which 2. which 3. as 4. which 5. As 6. as 7. (which/that) 15 Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses. Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier. Try to accept your mistakes, where / through which you can learn a lot. Close your eyes and picture the future, where you’ve made your dreams come true. Activity 3 Exercises “Watson,” Holmes says, “look up at the stars, and tell me what they tell you. ” Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2 ____________________at this time of night. Even so, he replies, “I see millions of stars and it’s quite likely there are some planets like Earth. And if so, this means that there might also be life on other planets. ” Watson is pleased with his answer 3 ___________________________________. But Holmes 4 ___________________________shouts, “Watson, look around you! Use your eyes! Somebody’s stolen our tent!” One day, Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping. They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, Watson is woken up by Holmes 1 ____________. , who is lying next to him , he finds annoying , which he thinks will impress Holmes , who has lost his patience by now Activity 3 Exercises Complete the joke(P5) with the sentence parts in the box using who / which and put commas in the correct position. Practise 一、单句语法填空 1. Today is Stephen Hawking’s 70 birthday, _____is one of the most famous scientists in the world. 2. He got a good job on April 1st by accident, ____he relaxed himself in a place of interest. 3. They arrived at a house, in front of ____stood a big tree. 4. _____he had hoped, his father sent him abroad to study. 5. I saw a man shouting at a driver ______car was blocking the street. 6. He made many new friends during his last holiday in Shanghai, most of ____are white collars in big companies. 7. The air in the city, ____is hown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 8. Is this the pen ____you are looking for? 9. Many lessons are now available online, from ____students can choose for free. 10. First of all, I speak English fluently, _____allows mee to communicate with visitors without difficulty. 二、句型转换 (每空一词） 1. The earth is unlikeely to be the only planet whose life has developed gradually. The earth is unlikeely to be the only planet the life ____ ____has developed gradually. 2. The book store lies along the main street and we can buy all kinds of reference books. The book store, ____ _____/_____we can buy all kinds of reference books, lies along the main street. 3. Last vacation, Julie visited Sanya, Guilin and Dali and she likes all of them very much. Last vacation, Julie visited Sanya, Guilin and Dali, ____ ____ ____she likes very much. 4. They travelled along the Mekong River and enjoyed very beautiful scenery. They travelled along the Mekong River, ____ ____ they enjoyed very beautiful scenery. 5. The old lady is busy with a charity course and has decied to devote her rest life to it. The old lady is busy with a charity course, ____ ____ she has decided to devote her rest life. Key 一、1. who 2. when 3. which 4. As 5. whose 6. whom 7. as 8. (which/that) 9. which 10. which 二、1. of which 2. in which/where 3. all of which 4. along which 5. to which THANK YOU! 21 $$