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英语
词性
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目录
CONTENTS
名词
冠词
代词
动词
01
02
03
04
介词
形容词
副词
05
06
07
08
数词
比较级、最高级
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PART 1
冠词
article
冠词分类
1.不定冠词:a/an ____指
a:用于____前
an:用于____前
2.定冠词:the ____指
_____ hour
_____ honest boy
_____ university
_____ cat is sleeping on the sofa.
_____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
an
an
a
The
An
泛
特
元音
辅音
America
Paris
Obama
ICRC(International Committee of the Red Cross)
CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)
国名
地名
人名
红十字国际委员会
团体名称
美国中央情报局
机构名称
专有名词
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PART 2
名词
noun
名词分类
国名、地名、人名、团体、机构名称
类别 意义
可数名词 可以用数量来计算,有单复数变化:
pen-pens,watch-watches
不可数名词 不能用数量来计算
物质名词:hair头发,water水,gold金,bread面包
抽象名词:courage勇气,education教育,advice建议
普通名词分类
名词单数变复数规则变化
西(-x)施(-sh)吃(-ch)素(-s)
我想买一支钢笔。
I want to buy a pen.
我想买很多钢笔。
I want to buy many pens.
我想喝一杯牛奶。
I want to drink a glass of milk.
我想喝三杯牛奶。
I want to drink three glasses of milk.
He gave me ______ on how to learn English well.A. a advice
B. an advice
C. some advice
D. many advice
名词所有格表示名词之间的______关系,
主要有_____和_____两种表示方式。
所属
’s
of
名词所有格
Tom’s book
the roof of the house
Peter's bag
the face of a baby
the legs of the table
生命的所有格,多用’s,也可用of。
生命的所有格,用of;“A of B ”译为“B的A”。
有
无
They are in the park.
He is reading newspaper.
It is sleeping in the tree.
Look at this picture!
A. Nouns.(名词)
B. Pronouns.(代词)
√
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PART 3
代词
pronoun
Pronoun 代词
定义:代词是用来替代_____以及起____作用的的短语和句子的词。
作用:为______同一个名词或名词短语______出现。
分类:________、________、________、________、________、________。
There is a cat. The cat is white.
There is a cat. It is white.
名词
名词
重复
避免
人称代词
指示代词
物主代词
反身代词
不定代词
疑问代词
人称代词
人称代词既可以指_____也可以指____,有
____和____两种形式。人称代词分为________,
________,和________ 。
人 物
主格 宾格
第一人称
第二人称 第三人称
We are students.
Vivi teaches us English.
单数 复数
第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称 第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
人称
代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主
代词 形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
形物代:后面跟名词
名物代:后面不跟名词
This is _____(她的) book.
This book is _____.(她的)
her
hers
单数 复数
第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称 第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
人称
代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主
代词 形容词性
物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性
物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词
单数 复数
第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称 第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。
She teaches herself English on the radio.
单数 复数
第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称 第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
人称
代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主
代词 形容词性
物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性
物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
都 任何一个 都不
两者 both either neither
三者(及以上) all any none
不定代词
P6
My uncle has two children. But ____ of them lives with him.
A. both B. all
C. neither D. none
含义 修饰可数名词/不可数名词
a few
few
a little
little
有几个
很少,
几乎没有
有一些
很少,
几乎没有
修饰可数名词
修饰不可数名词
不定代词
Exercises
She has been learning German. She can speak ______now.
A. few B. a few
C. little D. a little
复合不定代词
复合不定代词
注意:
复合不定代词+形容词
Tell us something interesting.
The Avengers is many people’s favorite film, but I think it may not interest _______.
A. somebody
B. anybody
C. everybody
D. nobody
Sarah told me that there was ______ about my old school in yesterday’s newspaper.
A. nothing
B. anything
C. everything
D. something
疑问代词
谁(主格)
谁(宾格)
谁的
什么
哪一个
who
whom
whose
what
which
何时
哪里
怎么样
为什么
when
where
how
why
疑问副词
代词指代前面出现的名词
that/those:
one/ones:
it/them:
同名异物, 特指
同名异物, 泛指
同名同物
The pens you bought are cheaper than ____ I bought.
I have lost my pen and I'm looking for ____.
I have lost my pen and I want to buy ____.
those
it
---用于比较级
one
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PART 4
动词
verb
动词分类
动词是表示动作或状态的词,可分为
实义动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词。
实义动词
实义动词:及物动词(主谓宾)、不及物动词(主谓)
I arrived in CQ.
I reached CQ.
1.实义动词
实义动词
及物动词 不及物动词“在”
1.实义动词
visit
spend
reach
live
be born
arrive
go
2.连系动词
保持 剩下
appear
feel
get
go
keep
look
prove
remain
run
seem
smell
sound
stay
taste
turn out
系动词检测
1. ---Now Amy makes more friends and often laugh happily.
---Yes, she ______ better than before.
A. sounds B. tastes C. seems D. keeps
30.It is prohibited by law to mail parcels that might prove _______ in transport.
A. dangerous B. with danger
C. dangerously D. have danger
情态动词+动原:无人称和数的变化
3.情态动词
can/could have done 过去可能做了
can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能做了
may/might have done 过去可能做了
may/might not have done 过去可能没有做
must have done 过去一定做了
情态动词+ have done表推测
The road is wet . It _____ last night.
A. must rain
B. must have rained
C. could have rained
D. can have rained
助动词本身无词义,和实义动词连用,构成时态和语态
常见助动词:
be(am、is、are、was、were)
do(does、did) have(has、had)
He is singing.
He was sent to England.
I have studied English for 8 years.
I will go to Beijing.
I don’t like him.
4.助动词
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PART 5
数词 numeral
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PART 6
介词
preposition
月份
一月 January /ˈdʒænjueri/
二月 February /ˈfebrueri/
三月 March /mɑːrtʃ/
四月 April /ˈeɪprəl/
五月 May /meɪ/
六月 June /dʒuːn/
七月 July /dʒʊˈlaɪ/
八月 August /ˈɔːɡəst/
九月 September /sepˈtembər/
十月 October /ɒkˈtəʊbər/
十一月 November /nəʊˈvembər/
十二月 December /dɪˈsembər/
8月
1月
3月
6月
5月
12月
10月
4月
7月
9月
2月
11月
月份
春天
夏天
秋天
冬天
spring
summer
autumn/ fall
winter
9月8日
on Sep. 8
2022年11月12日
on Nov. 12, 2022
at, on, in口诀
at时间点
有on必有天
in加月季年
上(last)下(next)这(this)那(that)每(every)之前
at, on, in皆不填
We walked _____ the forest to reach the other side of the valley.
A. across
B. through
表面通过
内部穿过
I enjoy all sports, _______ soccer. It's just not my thing.
A. except
B. besides
except A:除了……(不包括A)
besides A:除了……(包括A)
We all went to see the film except Mr. Wang.
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.
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PART 8
形容词、副词
adjective、adverb
They watch the moive_______.
sadly
They are _____.
sad
They watch the moive_______.
sadly
They are _____.
sad
形容词:修饰名词或代词,常作定语。
副词:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,作状语。
特殊副词的用法:
(1)enough的用法
1.作副词:形/副+enough
The boy is old enough to go to school.
She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.
2.作形容词:可位于名词前或后
We don’t have enough money(或 money enough) to buy this house.
(2)so 与 such 用法区别:
形名紧连用such,
多(many)多(much)少(little)少(few)就用so.
such a beautiful girl = so beautiful a girl
so many students
He is _____ a young boy.
He is _____ young a boy.
He has _____ few problems.
He has _____ little money.
She is _____ a little girl.
such
so
so
so
such
比较级:两者之间(-er)
最高级:三者或三者以上之间(-est)
The photographs of Mars taken from satellites are _____ than those taken from the earth.
A. clearer
B. the clearest
C. clearest
D. more clearer
比较级和最高级的用法
(1)同级比较:
肯定形式:as+形容词/副词原级+as…
……和……一样
否定形式:not so (as)+形容词/副词原级+as…
……不如……
History is as interesting as science.
John doesn’t work as/so hard as Mary.
We have to investigate as ______ customers as possible in order to make sure of the potential of the market.
A. many
B. much
C. more
D. most
Exercises
Because I have been in the factory for just a year, I can’t afford ______ this.
A. as an expensive car as
B. expensive a car as
C. as a car expensive
D. as expensive a car as
易错结构:
比较级和最高级的用法
(1)不同级比较:
A. 比较级+than
He is taller than his uncle.
B. 比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”
Weather is getting hotter and hotter.
C. The+比较级+主+谓, the+比较级+主+谓“越……就越……”
The more trees we plant, the better environment will be.
越来越高(tall)
taller and taller
越来越美丽(beautiful)
more and more beautiful
最高级的用法
A. the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围
Spring is the best season of the year.
B. one of +最高级+复数名词
Kenny is one of the tallest students.
The new stadium being built for the next Paralympic Games will be _____ the one that had been destroyed. A. as twice big as B. twice as big asC. as big as twice D. as big twice as
倍数的位置
倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as
倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
once
twice
three times
four times
一倍
两倍
三倍
四倍
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语法回顾
名词
冠词
代词
动词
01
02
03
04
介词
形容词
副词
05
06
07
08
数词
比较级、最高级
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