2025届高三英语复习高考英语阅读理解专项技巧-词义猜测 课件

Strategies for guessing word meanings 阅读理解专题——词义猜测题 1 Lead-in VS Lead-in Xiaomi: Chinese smartphone giant takes on Tesla Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi has launched its first electric vehicle (EV) and started taking orders. At the event, the technology giant's chief executive Lei Jun said the standard SU7 model would be priced at 215,900 yuan ($29,872; £23,663). The Max version would cost 299,900 yuan. The firm says it got over 50,000 orders within the first 27 minutes of sales. Xiaomi's entry into the electric car market comes as sales growth has slowed globally. This has triggered a price war. The move sees the technology giant taking on EV rivals including Tesla and BYD. The starting price in China for Tesla's Model 3 is 245,900 yuan. Mr Lei also said the SU7 would have a minimum range of 700km (435 miles). This beats the Tesla Model 3's 567km. The firm is hoping that the SU7's shared operating system with its phones, laptops and other devices will appeal to existing customers. "While getting this far is itself quite an achievement, the ultimate achievement would be to demonstrate that there is a consumer market for Xiaomi as a smart EVs brand," said Bill Russo of Automobility. In an indication of the challenges facing technology firms who want to make electric cars, iPhone maker Apple last month reportedly cancelled its plans to build an EV. ( From BBC NEWS) 考察方向 1 考察类型 2 Contents 当堂训练 3 课堂小结 4 4 考察方向 Part.1 5 2021-2023年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 新高考全国I卷 1短语 shine through 1单词 declutter 1短语 embark on 1单词 decimate 新高考全国II卷 1短语 In the wrong hands 1短语 relate to 1短语 hit home for me 1短语 get up to mischief 全国甲卷 1短语 take this behavior up a notch 1短语 a dab hand 1短语 take the plunge 1短语 safe! safe! safe! 全国乙卷 -------- 1单词 conversation 1单词 maintenance 1单词 concede 词义猜测提问方式 1.The word“….”refers to/probably means….. 2.The underlined word could be replaced by…. 3.Which of the following words can take the place of “…..”? 4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph5 refer to? 5.What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean? 7 选项规律 正确选项特征 逻辑通顺 内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑； 代词查询 代词指代有时与上文距离较远，需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论； 本意延伸 真实的含义与其字面意思无关，在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展； 接近原意 采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式，与原句意思最接近。 干扰项特征 1.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义； 2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 3. 拘泥于字面意思，根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。 8 考察类型 Part.2 9 1 2 4 3 解释说明法 定义，举例，定语，同位语，标点 语境法 分析句子成分，上下文语境 逻辑关系法 转折，并列，因果关系 构词法 合成，派生，转化 How to guess? ...... Type 1 Pronouns 考查“不明身份”的代词指代 11 Type 1 （2024年浙江卷1月B篇）When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. 审读题干，判断代词 如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等 返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子 将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词 Skill 1 12 Type 2 Familiar words with unfamiliar meanings 考查熟词生义 13 Type 2 My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers... At last they had seen a half－written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 23．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A. Showed.　　　　B. Sent out.　　　　 C. Delivered.　　    D. Gave back. Skill 2： 结合语境 14 部分熟词生义词汇 ①land/lænd/ ②measure/ˈmeʒə/ ③position/pəˈzɪʃən/ ④promise/ˈprɒmɪs/ ⑤cover/ˈkʌvə/ ⑥express/ɪkˈspres/ 熟义：n. 土地　v. 着陆　生义：v. 谋得 多义：n. 措施，方法　v. 估量，判定(重要性、价值或影响等) 熟义：n. 位置；职位　生义：n. 立场；观点 熟义：n. 诺言　生义：v. 有……的希望；使……有可能 熟义：v. 覆盖　n. (书刊的)封面，封皮　生义：v. 行走(一段路程)；足以支付，够付；采访 多义：v. 表达　n. 快车；快递服务 15 Type 3 Unknown words or phrases 考察生偏词或短语 16 Strategy 1：Explanation 17 原文：（2021年全国甲）A few minutes later， when I landed the trick， my friends beat their boards loud， shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks， being a good skater. 9. What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean？ A.Be careful！ B.Well done！ C.No way！ Don’t worry！ Strategy 1：Explanation Strategy 1: 由生词后的_________(从句)或定语从句等进一步解释可猜词义。常见信号词有________________________________________________________ __________等。 同位语 be, mean, refer to, namely, that is (to say), in other words, like 注意：同位语有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等表示。 18 Strategy 2: Word formation 19 原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare,“But I’m just not creative.” 27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. Strategy 2: Word formation 根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义 Strategy 2 20 Strategy 3 Cause and effect(Logic) 21 原文：I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule， or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up， “Alright. Yes， I’ll do it.” 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. Strategy 3:Cause and effect(Logic) Strategy 3: 根据______关系猜测词义。表示_____关系的信号词有：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。 因果 因果 because,since,for,as,thus,therefore,consequently,hence,due to,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in, result from,so,as a result,for this reason,accordingly,so...that...,such...that... 22 Strategy 4: Contrast(Logic) 23 Strategy 4: Contrast(Logic) 原文：(2020·山东卷)According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research， both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？ A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. Strategy 4: 根据_____________关系猜测词义。表示______________关系的信号词有：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。 转折对比 but、yet、however、while、unlike、instead（of）、on the other hand、rather than、on the contrary 转折对比 24 Strategy 5: Synonyms and Antonyms 25 原文：She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit. What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A basic part.    B．A detailed map.   C．A building material.   D．A major obstacle. Strategy 5: Synonyms and Antonyms Strategy 5: 根据_____________关系猜测词义。表示______________关系的信号词有：_____________________________________________________________________________________等。 同义或反义 and、or、like、as well、similarly、too、also、either、but /although/ while 同义或反义 26 Strategy 6:Context 27 Strategy 6:Context 原文：(2021年高考英语全国乙卷)Still， 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones， according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline， a third concede that its not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. 25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark. Strategy 6: 上下文法：俗话说，“词不离句，句不离文”。特定的 ________往往是推测词义不可忽视的重要因素。 上下文 28 当堂训练 Part.3 29 这些场景可能在数百年前被绘制，距离现在已经十分久远，后一分句与前一分句构成转折关系，表示但是我们现在仍然能够理解画中描绘的那些时刻。故选A。 逻辑关系法---转折关系 Practice [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·C片段] In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed（描绘） alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?( ) A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. A 解释说明法即用上下文的定义、从句（同位语或定语从句）或例子来猜测词义;另外逗号，破折号，冒号等标点也能帮助定位解释句来推断词义。 根据下文的“by ensuring that all participants use the same equipment”可知,确保所有参赛选手在相同的环境背景下使用相同的设备来保证比赛的公平性,因此该短语表示“公平竞争”。 解释说明法 Practice [2024·皖北协作区·B片段]With weather conditions as bad as they are during this unique race, any kind of technical advantage can make a huge difference. Therefore, organizers try to level the playing field by ensuring that all participants use the same equipment --- a single-speed aluminum Gazelle city bike with back-pedal brakes. The only things that can provide an advantage are fitness and endurance(忍耐力). 25. What do the underlined words " level the playing field " in paragraph 4 mean ? A. Keep the race fair. B.Grade the race. C. Make the field flat. D. Hold the competition. A 利用构词法猜测词义，即根据合成，派生和转化法。 intelligible adj. 易懂的，容易理解的 加un形容词的否定前缀，意为“难以理解的”； comprehend v. 理解 comprehensible adj. 可理解的 加un形容词的否定前缀，意为“难以理解的” 构词法 Practice [2024·阜阳统测·B片段]My wish to write, however, made me unintelligible to my mother. She couldn't understand why I'd spoil other better chances. I'd tried to communicate with her in Chinese, searching my mind for sentences: How could I describe my gratitude for a path to self-fulfillment when all I could say was “kai xin”or “happy”? Without the words to bridge the gap between our worldviews, our dissatisfaction and worry turned into stubbornness. 25. What do the underlined word " unintelligible " in paragraph 2 mean ? A. Sensitive B. Sympathetic C. Grateful D. Incomprehensible D 根据第二段第一句“When I was young, fashion was my world.”可知，作者对时尚非常感兴趣，所以会在书店里“认真阅读(read attentively)”各种时尚杂志，故选B。 语境法——上下文 Practice [2024·江南十校·C片段]When I was young, fashion was my world．I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore, desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal．I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped eating．It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me．It took years to break free from its control, allowing me to focus on my true passions. 28．What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Classified carefully. B．Read attentively. C．Compared thoroughly. D．Recommended sincerely. B 根据第一段中“For some, there’s nothing more boring than endless miles spent running on a treadmill .”以及划线单词句中“…while still getting a good workout?”和下一句“Luckily for us, there’s virtual reality.”由此可知，此处为有一种方法可以缓解运动的枯燥感。故可此处划线单词tedium为“枯燥，无聊”的意思，结合选项A项Boredom“无聊”意思一致。故选A项。 语境法——上下文 Practice （2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）Going to the gym can take time and effort, it often hurts, and it can be extremely tiresome. Most weight-related exercises are a combination of sets and reps (组和次). In order to see any significant change from any exercise, it will probably need to be repeated six to eight times, fora minimum of three sets, for about three months. For some, there’s nothing more boring than endless miles spent running on a treadmill (跑步机). But what if there were a way to relieve the tedium of exercise while still getting a good workout? Luckily for us, there’s virtual reality. What does the underlined word “tedium” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Boredom. B．Tiredness. C．Expense. D．Inconvenience. A 根据画线词前文“Scientists have determined that noises register at different frequencies on each side of the bird’s head. ...This allows the bird to locate a sound’s origin. (科学家们已经确定，噪音在鸟头的两侧以不同的频率记录。根据噪音产生的角度，它在左鼓膜以一定的频率记录，但在右鼓膜以不同的频率记录。这使鸟能够定位声音的来源。)”可知，鸟能够定位声音的来源是因为左鼓膜和右鼓膜有不同的频率记录。代词This指代耳膜之间的频率差异。故选D。 代词指代——“就近原则” Practice （2024高三·全国·专题练习）The position of a bird’s head also plays a role in its hearing abilities. Scientists have determined that noises register at different frequencies on each side of the bird’s head. Depending on the angle from which the noise originates, it registers with a certain frequency in the left eardrum but with a different frequency in the right eardrum. This allows the bird to locate a sound’s origin. What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．The angle of noise sources. B．The bird’s unique ear structure. C．The intensity of the sound around the bird. D．The difference in frequencies between the eardrums. D 课堂小结 Part.4 36 Summary Locate the underlined word Analyse the relation with codes Compare and choose the answer Reread and confirm the answer 核查 对比 分析 定位 确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置 仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项 细读与画线句有意义关联的信息句，合理推断画线句的句意 将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案 Practice Xiaomi: Chinese smartphone giant takes on Tesla Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi has launched its first electric vehicle (EV) and started taking orders. At the event, the technology giant's chief executive Lei Jun said the standard SU7 model would be priced at 215,900 yuan ($29,872; £23,663). The Max version would cost 299,900 yuan. The firm says it got over 50,000 orders within the first 27 minutes of sales. Xiaomi's entry into the electric car market comes as sales growth has slowed globally. This has triggered a price war. The move sees the technology giant taking on EV rivals including Tesla and BYD. The starting price in China for Tesla's Model 3 is 245,900 yuan. Mr Lei also said the SU7 would have a minimum range of 700km (435 miles). This beats the Tesla Model 3's 567km. The firm is hoping that the SU7's shared operating system with its phones, laptops and other devices will appeal to existing customers. "While getting this far is itself quite an achievement, the ultimate achievement would be to demonstrate that there is a consumer market for Xiaomi as a smart EVs brand," said Bill Russo of Automobility. In an indication of the challenges facing technology firms who want to make electric cars, iPhone maker Apple last month reportedly cancelled its plans to build an EV. ( From BBC NEWS) A. employs B. accepts C. competes against A. caused B. reduced C. settled A. sales B. opponents C. technologies 课堂小结 Part.4 Assighments 1.Review what we’ve laerned today 2. Finish 组合练P384-387 39 Thanks 40 79267.3 $$