动词不定式作宾语 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册

动词不定式作宾语 1.定义: 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式 不定式有两种形式：一种是带 to的不定式， 即 to+动词原形 一种是不带 to的不定式， 即动词原形 不定式(短语)在句中不能单独作谓语，但可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。Unit5主要学习带 to的不定式(短语)作宾语的用法。带 to的不定式(短语)在句中可作宾语。 2.用法 ①常见的带 to的不定式作宾语的动词有 want, hope, wish, expect, decide, try, plan, forget, remember, ask, help, need, learn, seem, agree, choose, fail…… I want to go to school. I plan to go to Shanghai. ★help可接带 to的不定式或不带 to的不定式作宾语， 其意思不变。 ②know, ask, show, teach, decide, find out等动词短语后可用“疑问词( what, which, who, where, when, how等) 连用+动词不定式”结构作宾语。 I know how to make cakes. Bob doesn't know where to go tomorrow. Please teach me how to play the violin. ③like, love, begin, start 等动词后既可以接动词不定式, 也可以接动名词形式， 意义上差别不大。 ④find/ think/ feel+ it+形容词+动词不定式 发现/认为/感觉做某事是…其中 it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。 I find it difficult to learn English.01 动词不定式作宾语， 3.常见动词不定式 to do短语 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 choose to do sth. 选择做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 expect to do sth.期望做某事 seem to do sth. 好像似乎做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 promise to do sth.承诺做某事 wish to do sth.希望做某事 would like to do sth. 想要做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 fail to do sth.未能做某事 4.动词+ to do/ doing意思相同短语 like to do/ doing sth.喜欢做某事 love to do/ doing sth.喜欢做某事 hate to do/ doing sth.憎恨做某事 prefer to do/ doing sth.宁可做某事 begin to do/ doing sth.开始做某事 start to do/ doing sth. 开始做某事 continue to do/ doing sth.继续做某事 5.动词+ to do/ doing意思不同短语 remember to do sth.记得要做某事 regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 regret doing sth.后悔/遗憾做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 【小试牛刀】 一、单项选择。 1. My brother, Tom, is crazy about pop music and he hopes _____ the music club. A. join B. joining C. to join D. joined 2. The teacher told the students _____ in the street. A. not playing B. not play C. not to play 3. We can't afford _____ any mistakes because it is an important task. A. to make B. making C. make D. made .— Did you forget _____ off the light when you left the room just now? —— No, I remember _____ that, Mum. A. to turn; to do B. turning; doing C. to turn; doing 1.— How was your trip to Beijing? — Great. I decided _____ there with my parents again next year. A. to go B. going C. go D. went 2. He promised _____ his room after getting back from school. A. to tidy B. tidy C. tidying D. tidies 3. The Great Wall is so famous that a large number of travellers wish _____ it. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 8.— Try _____ more English songs, and you' ll find it interesting to learn English. — That's a good idea. -room=1 A. sing B. to sing C. to singing D. sang 9. The classroom was so dirty. I decided _____. A. clean it up B. clean up it C. to clean it up 10. The mother makes her son _____ his room every day. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. They got up early in order _____( catch) up with the early bus. 2. We'd like to ask how _____( mend) the machine? 3. Our English teacher often encourages us _____( speak) English in class. 4. A fridge is used _____( keep) food fresh. 5. Last week Tom met Sandy in the street and stopped _____( talk) with her. 6. We failed _____( walk) through this mountain. But we will try this summer again. 7. The Greens decided _____( move) to Canada because Mr Green found a job there. 8. — You look sad. What has happened? - Everyone expected us _____( win) the match, but we lost. 9. That made me _____( laugh). 10. I hope _____( watch) the action movie one day. 11. It is exciting for you _____( start) a new tour online. 12. As a result, the birds don't have enough food _____( eat). 13. It's not right _____( copy) others' homework. 14. Where do you plan _____( go) this Sunday? 15. My mother makes me _____( study) all day. 16. I tried my best _____( study) English before. Now I am very good at English. 17. The boy wants to save enough money _____( buy) the game he wants. 18. We will try our best _____( make) our dreams come true. 19. The problem seems _____( be) different to work out. 20. It's necessary for us _____( book) hotels before travelling. 21. My parents don't allow me _____( stay) late. 22. It's really bad for people _____ ( litter) everywhere. 23. I don't know the proper way _____ ( greet) Americans. 24. My father warned us not _____( play) football in the street. 25. It is rude _____( push) in before others when waiting for the bus. 26. As Chinese citizens, we will do what we can _____( make) the Chinese Dream come true. 27. Nobody is clear how _____( use) the machine. 28. The boss made his workers _____( not work) eight hours but twelve hours a day. 29. You should start _____( train) a few months earlier. 30. It is impossible for Ben _____( finish) his homework in ten minutes. 31. Diana was glad _____( be) able to help deaf people hear again. 32. It is very brave of him _____( climb) up the high mountain. 33. Mr Wu, would you please tell me where _____( look) for history books in the library? 34. The couple can't afford _____( go) to England for vacation. 35. I asked my teacher when _____( go) back to school. 36. Parents should warn children _____ ( not play) with fire. 37. Will you please continue _____( do) the work in the garden after dinner? 38. Tom hurried _____( walk) across the roa D. How dangerous! 39. The fire made a lot of people _____( lose) their lives. 40. Try _____( not think) too much of your points. Just do your best! 参考答案 1、 单选。 CCACA ACBCA 2、 所给词正确形式填空。 1. to catch 【解析】 句意: 他起的很早, 为了赶上早班车。 catch up with意为“赶上”, in order to 意为“为了”, 这里用动词不定式。故填 to catch。 2. to mend 【解析】 句意： 我想问一下如何修这个机器。 mend意为“修理”，这里是：“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。故填 to mend。 3. to speak 【解析】 句意: 我们英语老师经常鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。根据“ encoura ge s B. to do sth.”鼓励某人做某事, 可知此处填动词不定式。故填 to speak。 4. to keep 【解析】 句意: 冰箱是用来保持食物新鲜的。 Be used to do sth.: 某物被用来做某事, be used to doing sth.: 习惯于做某事； 根据语境可知此句要表达的是“冰箱是用来保持食物新鲜的。”故填 to keep。 5. to talk 【解析】 句意： 上星期汤姆在街上遇到桑迪， 他停下来和她说话。 stopto do sth.意为“停下来去做另一件事”， 符合句意, 故填 to talk。 6. to walk 【解析】 句意： 我们穿过这座山失败了， 但是这个夏天我们还会再试一次。根据 fail to dosth.“做某事失败”可知，此处要用不定式作宾语， 故填 to walk。 7. to move 【解析】 句意： 格林一家决定搬去加拿大， 因为格林先生在那找到了一份工作。 move“搬家”， 动词； decide to do sth“决定做某事”, 固定搭配; 故填 to move。 8. to win 【解析】 句意： ——你看起来很伤心。 发生了什么? ——每个人都期待我们赢得比赛， 但我们输了。根据 expect s B. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”可知, 此处要用不定式作宾补, 故填 to win。 9. laugh 【解析】 句意: 那使我大笑。 make sb do sth“使某人做某事”, 空处用省略 to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填 laugh。 10. to watch 【解析】 句意: 我希望有一天观看那部动作电影。 hope to do sth“希望做某事”, 固定搭配。故填 to watch。 11. to start 【解析】 句意： 开始一个新的在线旅行对于你来说是非常振奋的。固定句型 it is adj for sb to do sth"对某人来说做某事是……的”。故填 to start。 12. to eat 【解析】 句意： 结果， 这些鸟没有足够的食物吃了。谓语动词后面再跟动词用非谓语动词， 本句用动词不定式做后置定语， 结合句意可知填 to eat。 13. to copy 【解析】 句意： 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。 It作形式主语， 动词不定式作真正的主语， 故答案为 to copy。 14. to go 【解析】 句意: 这个星期天你计划去哪里? plan to do sth计划做某事, 固定短语, 故填 to go。 15. study 【解析】 句意: 我的母亲让我整天学习。 make s B. do sth.让某人做某事, 使役动词 make 后面接 to do 作宾补时,要省略 to。故填 study。 16. to study 【解析】 句意： 以前我尽我的最大努力学习英语， 现在我的英语很好。 try one's best to do sth"尽某人的最大努力做某事”; 故填 to study。 17. to buy 【解析】 句意： 这个男孩想省足够的钱来买他想要的游戏。 buy“买”， 是动词， 结合句意， 他省钱的目的是买他想要的游戏， 因此用动词不定式作目的状语， 故填 to buy。 18. to make 【解析】 句意： 我们将尽我们的最大努力让我们的梦想成真。 try one's best to do sth"尽某人的最大努力做某事"；故填 to make。 19. to be 【解析】 句意: 这个问题的解决方式似乎不同。 seem to do sth.为固定搭配, 意为“似乎”, 符合句意, 故填 to be。 20. to book 【解析】 句意: 我们旅行前有必要预订旅馆。 book“预定”, 根据句型“ it is adj. to do sth”可知, 需要动词不定式作真正的主语, 故填 to book。 21. to stay 【解析】 句意: 我父母不允许我待得很晚。 根据“ allow me”可知, allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”, 不定式作宾补。故填 to stay。 22. to litter 【解析】 句意: 人们到处乱扔垃圾真的很糟糕。此处是“ It's+ adj+ for sb to do sth”结构, 使用动词不定式作真正的主语, 故填 to litter。 23. to greet 【解析】 句意： 我不知道和美国人打招呼的正确方式。 greet“打招呼”， 动词， 分析句子可知， 此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词, 故填 to greet。 24. to play 【解析】 句意： 我父亲警告我们不要在街上踢足球。 warn sb not to do sth“警告某人不要做某事”， 空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填 to play。 25. to push 【解析】 句意： 等公共汽车时抢在别人前面挤是不礼貌的。此处是“ It is+ adj+ to do sth”句型， 使用动词不定式作真正的主语, 故填 to push。 26. to make 【解析】 句意: 作为中国公民, 我们将尽我们所能实现中国梦。根据“ we will do what we can”可知, 此处是将尽我们所能， 目的是实现中国梦， 动词不定式表目的， 故填 to make。 27. to use 【解析】 句意: 没有人清楚如何使用这台机器。此处是“疑问词+ to do 不定式”结构作 clear 的宾语, how to use“如何使用”。故填 to use。 28. not work 【解析】 句意： 老板让他的工人每天工作十二小时而不是八小时。动词短语 make s B. not do sth“使某人不做某事”，work“工作”, 动词。故填 not work。 29. to train## training 【解析】 句意: 你应该提前几个月开始训练。 start to do/ doing sth.“开始做某事”。故填 to train/ training。 30. to finish 【解析】 句意: Ben 不可能在十分钟内完成作业。 finish“完成”,分析句子可知,此处是结构“ It is adj. for s B. to do sth.”,意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”， it 作形式主语， 动词不定式是真正的主语。故填 to finish。 31. to be 【解析】 句意: 戴安娜很高兴能够帮助聋人重新听见。 be“是”, be glad to do sth“很高兴做某事”, 故填 to be。 32. to climb 【解析】 句意: 他爬上那座高山是非常勇敢的。根据“ It is very br ave of him...( climb) up the high mountain.”可知,本题考查句型 It is+ adj.+ of s B.+ to do sth, 在此句型中, 动词不定式作主语。“ climb”爬山, 其动词不定式是 to climb。故填 to climb。 33. to look 【解析】 句意： 吴先生， 你能告诉我在图书馆哪里可以找到历史书吗? look for“寻找”，“疑问词 where+动词不定式”作动词 tell 的宾语。故填 to look。 34. to go 【解析】 句意: 这对夫妇负担不起去英国度假的费用。 go“去”, afford to do sth.“负担得起做某事”。故填 to go。 35. to go 【解析】 句意： 我问老师什么时候回学校。 asked 为动词，后跟宾语； 此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构作asked 的宾语，因此是 when to go。故填 to go。 36. not to play 【解析】 句意: 父母应该警告孩子不要玩火。 play“玩”; warn s B. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”, 动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填 not to play。 37. to do## doing 【解析】 句意: 你会晚饭后继续在花园里干活吗? continue to do sth.和 continue doing sth.都表示“继续做某事”。故填 to do/ doing。 38. to walk 【解析】 句意:汤姆急于步行穿过马路。多危险啊! walk是动词, 根据“ hurried”可知, 此处是 hurry to do sth.“急忙做某事”， 所以空处使用动词不定式。故填 to walk。 39. lose 【解析】 句意： 这场大火使许多人失去了生命。 make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”， 此处用省略 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填 lose。 40. not to think 【解析】 句意: 尽量不要想太多你的分数。尽你所能! 根据" too much of your points"可推出是尽量不要想分数, try not to do sth.“尽量不要做某事”。故填 not to think。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$