专题03介词与介词短语精讲 课件-【中职专用】2025年对口高考英语二轮语法专项突破

专题03介词与介词短语 【中职】二轮专项突破 一．考情分析及命题趋势 真题回顾 考点 近五年真题考查及分值 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 介词 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道单选题（1分）1道补全对话题（1分） 1道单选题（1分） 1道单选题（1分） 介词短语 1道单选题（1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道补全对话题（1分） 命题趋势 考查以介词和介词短语的辨析和介词的搭配为主。未来对介词的考查会更加灵活，并有句子结构更加复杂化的趋势，并设置一定的情景考查介词和介词有关的短语和句型。 二．介词 （一）介词的句法功能 介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语,介词短语在句中可作以下成分: 1.作状语:介词短语作状语可以表示时间、地点、方式、条件、原因等,用于修饰动词或整个句子,常放在句末,也可置于句首。 On that day everyone eats mooncakes. 在那一天大家都吃月饼。 You can wait for me at the school gate. I will pick you up then.你可以在学校门口等我,到时候我去接你。 2.作表语:介词短语可以放在连系动词之后作表语。 A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有几个苹果。 Is it in your handbag?它在你的手提包里吗? 3.作补足语: They must keep their hands behind their backs. 他们必须把手放在背后。 When I woke up, I found myself in a strange place. 醒来后我发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 4.作定语:介词短语作定语常置于被修饰词的后面。 The cup on the table is my father's.桌子上的杯子是我父亲的。 Who is the man in the middle?中间那位男士是谁? （二）介词在形式上的分类 类别 例词 时间介词 at(在),about(大约),after(在……之后),before(在……之前),by(到……为止),during(在……期间),from(从),for(……时间段)，in(在),on(在),until(直到……为止)，since(自从) 地点介词 among(在……之间),at(在),below(在.…下面),behind(在……后面), beside(在……地点 旁边),between(在……之间 ), by(在),from(从),into(到……里),near(在……附近)， onto(到……之上),off(离开),on(在……上面),towards(朝……),through(穿过)， throughout(遍及),to(到),up(向上),under(在…下面),within(在……里),above(在..上方) 原因介词 because of(由于),for(因为),at(因为),with(因为) 比较介词 as(像),like(像),over(超过),to(与.…相比) 其他介词 about(关于),on(关于),of(具有),with(带有)，without(没有)，except(除.以外)，besides(除……以外)，instead of(代替),but(除……以外) （三）常用介词辨析 1.表示时间的for，from，since (1)“for+时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久,可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。 I have lived in this city for more than 10 years. 我在这座城市住了10多年了。 I worked in this company for three years. 我曾在这家公司工作了三年。 (2)“since+时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”,强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间,常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。 He has worked in this company since graduation. 自从毕业后他就在这家公司工作。 Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o'clock.汤姆从7点开始就一直在做他的家庭作业。 (3)“from +时间点”只表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短。句子时态根据from后的时间而定。“from+(过去)时间点”常与一般过去时连用;“from +(现在/将来)时间点”常与一般将来时连用。 She began to learn to sing from the age of five.她从5岁就开始学唱歌。 【典型例题】用 for，since或from 填空 (1)Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere__________ancient times. (2)She lives in China now.She lived in America ____________three years. (3)He has stayed in Shanghai ____________three days. (4) You will pay attention to your spelling__________now. [答案](1)since(2)for (3)for (4) from 　 2.表示时间的at, in, on (1)at的用法 at 表示时间点,用于具体的时刻(几点、正午、午夜、黎明、拂晓、日出、日落等),或把某一时间看作某一时刻的词之前以及某些节假日的词之前。 at 6:00在6点钟 at noon在中午 at daybreak 在拂晓 at dawn 在黎明 at Christmas在圣诞节 (2)in的用法 ①表示时间段,与表示较长一段时间的词搭配,如年份、月份、季节、世纪、朝代,还可用于泛指的上午、下午、傍晚等时间段的词前。 in 2009 在 2009 年 ·in April 在4月 in the 1990s在20世纪 90年代 in Tang Dynasty在唐朝 in the morning在上午 ②后接时间段,用于将来时,表示“在一段时间之后”。 The film will begin in an hour.电影将于一个小时后开始。 (3)on的用法 ①表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日。 on September the first在9月1日 on National Day在国庆节 We left the dock on a beautiful afternoon.我们在一个明媚的下午离开了码头。 ②表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。 on Sunday morning在星期日的早上 on the night of October1在10月1日的晚上 【典型例题】汉译英 (1)在一个多风的夜晚 ________________ (2)在儿童节________________________ (3)在20世纪20年代_________________ (4)在清朝 _________________________ 【答案】(1)on a windy night(2)on Children's Day (3)in the 1920s/1920’s(4)in Qing Dynasty　 3.表示时间的during, through, over (1)during的用法 during 指某个动作在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续发生过多次,或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过,起止时间比较明显。 He often falls asleep during the class. 他在课堂上常常打瞌睡。 He swims every day during the summer. 夏季他每天都游泳。 (2)through 的用法 through:在……期间;从……开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内,此时与throughout相同)。 Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father's illness. 汤姆在父亲生病期间坚强地顶住了养家的压力。 (3)over的用法 over:在……期间。 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea. 我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。 此外,over 还有“throughout( a period)贯穿(一时间段)”的意思,相当于 during。 He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and the New Year. 他将在威尔士度过圣诞和新年。 4.表示时间的before , by , till ,until (1)before的用法 before:早于;在……之前。 The new road will be completed before the end of the year. 这条新道路将在年底以前建成。 (2)by的用法 1)表示“不迟于……,在……之前”。 All of you have to arrive at school by seven o'clock. 你们所有人必须在7点前到校。 2)表示“在·.…期间”。 He worked by night and slept by day. 他晚上工作,白天睡觉。 (3) until 和 till 的用法 1)until 比较正式。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。 I shall wait until ten o'clock.我将等到10点钟。 I didn't go to sleep until midnight.直到半夜我才睡觉。 2)till 意义与 until 相同。 He works from morning till night,day after day. 他日复一日从早到晚地工作。。 5.表示地点的on，in，to，above,over （1）.on指在某物体的表面上,与物体表面接触，反义词是beneath。还可表示与某地相邻的关系。 The house on Mango Street is ours, and we don't have to pay rent to anybody. 芒果街的房子是我们自己的,不用向任何人交房租。 （2）.in 表示“在……里”时,暗示占据了某物的一部分。还可表示在某一地域之内的某方位。 There is a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。 Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东部。 （3）.to 表示在某一地域之外的某方位(不属于该范围)。 Knutsford is about 16 miles to the south of Manchester. 纳茨福德位于曼彻斯特以南约16英里。 （4）above 指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直的正上方。还可指温度、海拔等刻度"在……之上”。反义词是 below。 The sun is above the mountain in the east. 太阳就在东边那座山的上方。 （5）.over 指在物体的正上方,有时还表示“覆盖;越过”。反义词是 under。 Three mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba, which are covered with snow, tower over the land. 梅里、白芒和哈巴三座山被白雪覆盖,矗立在大地上。 【典型例题】用 on，in，to，above,over 填空 1. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ___________the average. 2.There was an excited expression ___________his face when he heard the good news. 3. Heilongjiang is___________the north of China. 4.China lies ___________the south of Russia. 5. London lies___________ the River Thames. 【答案】(1)above(2)on (3)in (4) to (5)on 6.表示方位的介词across , through , past,over, along 单词 用法 across 指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”。 through 指从人群或物体内部“穿过、贯穿",也可指抽象意义的“通过”。 past 表示“从……旁边经过”,表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物旁边。 over 表示从上方越过。 along 表示“沿着”线、道路、小道等前行。 Be careful enough while walking across the street. 过街时务必要小心。 Walk through the gate and you'll see the flag. 走过大门,你就会看到那面旗。 They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过了一家大型超市。 The plane flew over the Great Wall. 飞机从长城上方飞过。 He walks along the river every day. 他每天沿着那条河散步。 【典型例题】across，through, past, over 或along 填空 (1)He succeeded ___________hard work. (2)He lives___________the street. (3)He hurried_____________me without stopping. (4)The river flows___________the city. (5 )I saw him running ______________the path. (6)There is a bridge___________the river. [答案](1)through(2)across(3) past (4) through (5)along (6)over　 7.表示范围的between, among的用法 二者都意为“在……之间”。between一般用于两者范围,用于三者或三者以上范围时,强调“两两之间”;among 常用于三者或三者以上范围或数目不确定的事物之间。 The house stands between two farms.这座房子位于两个农场之间。 Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students relaxed for a while. 课间经常播放令人愉快的音乐,是为了使学生们放松一会儿。 Our village lies among mountains.我们村坐落于群山之中。 8.表示“原因、理由”的介词 (1) for多与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason,famous等词连用。 The West Lake is famous for its scenery. 西湖因风景而出名。 (2)at表示“听到，看到”，通常与“喜、怒、哀、吃惊”等词连用。 You didn't look very surprised at the news of his failure. 你听到他失败的消息并不惊讶。 (3)by表示“通过”，不与冠词连用。 He succeeds by hard work.他通过努力工作而成功。 (4)because of强调因果关系，作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。 They decided to postpone the trip because of the weather. 由于天气原因，他们决定迟出行。 (5)on account of 语气较为正式。 The flight was postponed on account of bad weather. 因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。 (6) thanks to 表示“幸亏，多亏”。 The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. 多亏了全体演员，演出功了。 (7)out of“因为;出于;由于”后常接抽象名词。 He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇而提问。 9.表示工具、手段的介词 （1）.in 表示方式、方法时,多指使用语言或工具的具体类型。 China Daily invites you to share what you've seen in English. 《中国日报》邀请你用英语分享你的所见所闻。 （2）with 表示“带着,伴随”,多指用具体的工具、手段、材料或其他行为方式。 People want to throw away heavy schoolbags and read with small, light e-readers. 人们想扔掉沉重的书包,而使用小型、轻便的电子阅读器来阅读。 （3）.by指使用某种方法、手段,或表示“乘坐(交通工具)”,常接名词或动词-ing形式,后接的名词前通常不用冠词。 It takes less time to go there by underground than by bus. 坐地铁去那里比坐公共汽车去花费的时间少。 【典型例题】介词填空 1. This toy is not machine-made. It is made_____________ hand. 2.We walk _____________our legs. 3. He wrote an article_____________ink and made an outline_____________pencil. 4. The farmer made a living _____________ selling vegetables. 5. He dug a hole _____________a spade. [答案](1)by(2)with (3)in;in (4) by (5)with　 10.表示“除……之外”的介词 (1)but与except意义相同，但其语气较except弱，常与不定代词和疑问代词连用。 His failure was a surprise to no one but himself.他的失败对所有人来说都不吃惊，除了他自己。 Who but a fool would do such a thing?除了笨蛋，谁能做这样的事? (2) except指从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分。 We all passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆我们都通过了考试。(汤姆没通过) (3) besides表示“除了……以外(还有)”， We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。(音乐也是共同点之一) 11.表示“支持、反对”的介词 (1)against意为“反对”，指在观点或主张方面与某人采取对立的态度。against还有“倚靠，违反，在...的衬托下，与...比赛”等意思。 He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。 That's against the law.那是违法的。 The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。 (2)for指在观点或主张方面与某人采取一致的态度，意思是“支持、赞成”，与 in favor of 同义。 I'm all for people having fun.我完全赞成人们尽情享乐。 三．常见介词短语 1.in+名词 in advance提前，事先,预先 in case 如果,万一 in charge 主管,掌管,看管,负责 in common 共有，共同 in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的,难以确定的 in effect 实际上,生效 in fact 事实上 in order 按照顺序,井然有序,情况良好,恰当 in progress 进行中 in return 作为回报 in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而 in vain 徒劳,白费力气的 2.on+名词 on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假 on holiday 在度假 on strike 罢工 on sale 出售 on loan借贷 3.on+the+名词 on the move 在移动,搬迁;离开 on the march 在行军 on the air 正在广播 on the fly正在飞行 4.)beyond+名词 beyond one's power 是某人力不能及的 beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond description 难以形容 beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt 无疑;肯定 5.under+名词 under development在发展中 under test在测试中 under construction 在建设中 under consideration在考虑中 under repair 在修理中 6.at+名词 at will 任意地 at work 在上班 at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest 在休息 at table 在吃饭 at school 上学 at peace 处于和平状态 7.out of+名词 out of breath上气不接下气地 out of balance失去平衡 out of date 过时 out of patience 不耐烦 out of control失去控制 out of touch 失去联系 8.in+名词+of in favour of 同意,赞成 in honour of 为纪念,为庆祝 in memory of 为纪念 in face of 面对 in need of 需要 in search of 寻找 in charge of 负责 in view of 由于,鉴于 in terms of 在……方面 in spite of 尽管 in case of 如果,万一 【典型例题】介词填空 1. The people in flooded areas are __________need of food and water. 2.We are proud__________our school where the teachers are strict__________the students. 3. To succeed, you'll need to work hard; __________ addition, you'll need to be patient and cautious. 4. He is aware___________his shortcomings. 5.__________behalf of my family, I expressed my thanks to her. [答案](1)in(2)of,with (3)in (4) of (5)On　 专题02介词与介词短语 考点专练 一．用适当的词填空（共10题，每题1分）。 1.In the final, we narrowly won the game. _________ be honest , I didn't expect we had a chance of winning at first. 2. The pollution in Beijing is expected to improve, thanks _________a series of air pollution control measures. 3. Nick, it's good for you to read some books _________China before you start your trip there.. 4. After walking a whole day, I was almost out_________ breath, not feeling bad, though. 5.Tom has been most helpful to us;___________fact I don't know what we should have done without him. To　 to　 on　 of　 in　 一．用适当的词填空（共10题，每题1分）。 6.You'll have to be patient _________my mother as she's going rather deaf.. 7. Everyone went for the picnic _________Lily. She was ill in bed. 8. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _________ a big tree. 9._______________the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in this area. 10.It is two years _________ I graduated from high school. with　 except　 against　 Over/During/In　 since　 二．单句改错（共10题，每题1分）。 1. We were sad for hearing the news. ___________ 2. Didn't they see the sign? On that are such eye-catching words “Keep away the grass”. ___________ 3. In a cold Friday afternoon, she died. ___________ 4.In a few weeks the story was returned to her. ___________ 5. After the party it is quite normal of you to thank the host. ___________ for→at away--off 　 In→On　 In→After of→for　 二．单句改错（共10题，每题1分）。 6. They talked about what they had done since they graduated university. ___________ 7. He has been playing the guitar from 7 o'clock. ___________ 8. The policeman dived in the water and rescued the drowning child. ___________ 9. Mr White stayed up and finished the task in 3:30 the next morning. ___________ 10.Don't stand below the tree during the thunderstorm. ___________ graduated 后加 from　 from→since　 in→into　 in→at　 below→under　 三．单项选择（共15题，每题1分）。 ( )1.------Could you tell me the way _________the post office? ------ -Walk straight ahead and turn left at the first crossing. A. for B.on C.at D.to D　 【答案】 D 【分析】本题考查介词的用法。 【详解】本句句意为“你能告诉我去邮局的路吗?” 短语 the way to some place 意为“去……的路”。 故选 D。。 ( )2.-------Tim, are you fond _____________skill-training classes? --------- Yes, they are my favorites. A.with B.of C. at D.for B　 【答案】B 【分析】本题考查介词的用法。 【详解】问句句意为“你对技巧训练课感兴趣吗?” 短语be fond of sth.意为“对某事感兴趣”。 故选B。 ( )3.------It's an impossible task for us to finish the building in half a year. ------- Yes, it will take ___________one year. A.at least B.at last C.in time D.in order A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查介词短语的用法。 【详解】句意为“我们半年内完工这个大楼是不可能的任务。”“是的，至少需要一年”。 at last意为“最终”，in time 意为“及时”，in order意为“秩序井然”， 故选A。 ( )4.Mr.Green is satisfied ____________his students' progress, A.with B.in C.on D.at A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查介词的用法。 【详解】本句句意为“格林先生对学生们的进步感到满意”. 短语 be satisfied with 意为“对……感到满意”. 故选A。 ( )5 -------Hurry up! The concert will begin______________ ------ -I'm coming. A. in a few minutes B. a few minutes ago C. for a few minutes D. since a few minutes ago A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查介词短语的用法。 【详解】句意为“快点!音乐会几分钟之内就要开始了。”“我来了”。 故选A。 ( )6.-------Excuse me,Mr. Li.How can I become a good basketball player? --------_____________ practicing hard. A. In B. Within C.Beyond D.By D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查介词的用法。 【详解】问句意思是“我怎样才能成为一个好的篮球运动员?”，答语意思是“要通过刻苦训练”。 by是介词，表示方式、方法， 故为D。 ( )7. ---------Which are you interested_____________,gardening or designing? ---------Both.I like gardening better. A.in B.on C.with D.from A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查介词的用法。 【详解】本题中问句意为“园艺和设计，你喜欢哪一个?” be in- terested in 为固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”， 故选A。。 ( )8.We had a bad accident __________his careless driving. A.thanks to B.because C. due to D.lead to C　 【答案】C 【分析】本题考查短语。 【详解】句义:“由于他的粗心驾驶,我们遭遇了一次严重的事故。” due to 意为“由于”,介词短语；thanks to意为“多亏了”，介词短语；because意为“因为”，连词；lead to意为“导致”，动词，作谓语使用。 故选C。 ( )9.--------What can you help with at a rural school? --------___________English, I'm good at information technology. I can teach English and computer. A. Except B. Besides C.With D.In addition B　 【答案】B 【分析】本题考查介词。 【详解】句义:“除了英语之外，我还擅长信息技术,我可以教英语和计算机。 except 意为“除了……之外(不包括……)”;besides 意为“除了……之外(还有……)”。 故选B ( )10.Shenzhou XV was sent up into space _________the morning of May 30, 2023. A.in B.on C. at D.from B　 【答案】B 【分析】本题考查介词。 【详解】句义:“在 2023 年5月30日的早上,神舟16号被发射到太空。” 在具体某一天的早上用介词 on。 故选B。。 ( )11.------James practised hardest among us and he won the first prize in the competition. -------A dream can't come true _________ hard work. A.by B.across C.over D.without D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查介词。 【详解】句义:“--詹姆斯是我们几个中练习得最刻苦的,他在比赛中得了一等奖。---不努力,梦想就不会实现。”by意为“凭借”;across 意为“从……一边到另一边”，over意为“在……上面”,without 意为“没有”. 故选D ( )12.-------Which is your father? ---------The tall man, smartly dressed _____________a suit and tie. A.on B. with C.for D.in D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查介词。 【详解】句义:“…-哪一个是你的父亲?--那个高大的男人,穿着西装打着领带,很精神。” on 意为“在……上”,with意为“伴随”， for 意为“为了”,in 意为“穿着”。 空格后的a suit and tie 是指衣物,结合所给选项,只有介词in后面可以接衣物,表示“穿着……”,所以空格处填 in。 故选D ( )13.Many old people suffer ___________heart disease. A.on B.from C.in D.with B　 【答案】B 【分析】本题考查介词的固定搭配。 【详解】句义:“很多老人遭受心脏病的折磨。” suffer from 意为“遭受”。 故选B ( )14.What a nice day! We should go sightseeing____________watching TV in the hotel. A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out of B　 【答案】B 【分析】本题考查介词短语。 【详解】句义:“多么美好的一天!我们应该出去看风景而不是在酒店看电视。” because of 意为“因为,由于”,instead of意为“代替,而不是”。 together with意为“和...一起”；out of意为“出于...” 故选B ( )15. ---------Would you please provide us_________some information about the accident? ---------Sure. It happened_____________the morning of June 5th. A.to; on B. for; in C.with; in D.with;on D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查介词。 【详解】本句句意为“可以为我们提供一些有关事故的消息吗？”“可以。它发生在6月5日早晨。”。 provide sb.with sth.意为“为某人提供某物”;在具体某天早上用介词on。 故选D 四．主谓一致语篇训练（共15空，每空1分）。 One day Tom came across a little bird1___________ accident on his way to school. He was curious2___________ the little bird and forgot the time. Suddenly it occurred3___________him that he could put the little bird in his coat to keep it free 4___________ the cold weather. When he got to school, he found himself short 5___________ breath. The teacher, who was always strict 6___________ his students, was giving his lessons to his classmates.Although Tom knew that his teacher was patient7___________ his students, he felt his teacher would get angry 8___________ him, so he was 9___________ a loss what to do with this incident.After class, he made an apology 10___________ the teacher.11___________his joy, the teacher forgave him, which put him12___________ease. Tom promised not to be late13___________school later on and put everything14___________ place. The teacher was satisfied 15___________ what he said. by　 about to　 of/from　 of　 with　 　with with at　 to　 To　 at　 for　 in　 with　 谢谢观看 $$