专题10 阅读理解（议论文）-三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分类汇编（浙江专用）

三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分类汇编（浙江专用） 专题10 阅读理解（议论文） （2024浙江） Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table? A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy. Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either. The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food. A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life. Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different?” 1. According to the new study, dog owners ________. A. must offer dry food to their dogs B. can feed dogs on “people food” C. had better buy more processed food D. shouldn’t make food by themselves 2. Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________. A. dogs need different kinds of food B. little living things stay in human bodies C. scientists study dry processed food D. people should keep dogs at home 3. How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable? A. By using pictures. B. By giving examples. C. By telling stories. D. By listing numbers. 4. Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A. History. B. Business. C. Science. D. Culture. (2023嘉兴,D) Roger Federer, a world-famous sports star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games to deal with his knee problem. It was a hard decision because no one wanted to be a quitter. But finding the courage to let go can be good for you. Nothing is fun all the time. Sticking at something difficult teaches us important skills like perseverance(毅力). However, learning to let go when things aren't right is important too. Maybe your heart isn't in playing the piano any more, or you only play football because your friends do and you want to try a different sport instead. Making the decision to walk away can free up time and energy to spend on something you really enjoy. In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can't reach, or don't really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life. But how can you know it's time to stop and move on? Eric Bean is an expert in sports psychology(心理学) who helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter of black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more. Is it because you've argued with a teammate or can't get on with a new art teacher? Talk about this with a trusted adult or friend. That can help you decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.   Quitting doesn't have to mean totally giving up, though. For example, playing an instrument might be more fun if you take away the pressure of exams. If you do decide to give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up another where you can still enjoy things like teamwork, creativity, and exercise. 1.The writer mentions “Roger Federer” in Paragraph 1 to show that 　　　.  A.we should never give up　　　 B.we should get away from trouble C.it's all right to stop and quit　　　 D.it's difficult to win Olympic medals 2.According to Paragraph 2, learning to let go is important because we can 　　　.  A.learn about perseverance　　　 B.have enough money to spend C.live a busier and fuller life　　　 D.feel more confident in ourselves 3.By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that 　　　.  A.it's not good to stick at things we don't like B.we should think twice before quitting an activity C.we don't have to take exams to show our true abilities D.it's wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one 4.Which could be the best title for the passage? A.Knowing When to Stop B.Working Hard to Move On C.Learning How to Grow Up D.Starting Early to Make Changes (2023金华,D) ①Does life sometimes seem to be full of impossible problems? How many times, for example, do you find yourself saying things like “I really don't understand this maths problem”, or “I can't get into the school team”? Well, maybe it's time to introduce yourself to the power of “yet”. By adding this simple word, you can change everything. “I really don't understand this maths problem yet.” “I can't get into the school team yet.” Suddenly, the impossible becomes possible. You can imagine those things happening. ②I read about a school that has changed the way it marks its students' exams. The school find out that the old pass/fail system wasn't helping students' motivation(积极性). If you passed, then great, but those students who didn't pass often felt like failures. So now students who don't pass the exams will not see a big red “F” on their papers; they see a “Not yet” instead. That way the students feel that they are on a journey. They haven't reached the end, but they know that they are going the right way. ③This kind of thinking is part of what experts call “having a growth mindset”. People with a growth mindset don't concentrate on failure. They aren't worried by not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do. They enjoy the challenge and believe they can change. In contrast, people who just focus on the failure have what the experts call “a fixed mindset”. These people are always worried about failure and are happy to give up when things don't go right. They don't think that they are able to change. Clearly, it is better to have a growth mindset than a fixed mindset. ④But don't worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset. 　▲　. Remember that it all starts with questioning the things you believe about yourself. Stop believing that you can't or you haven't and realize that you just can't or haven't yet. Once you start doing this, you'll wonder why you didn't do it before. It's one small but very powerful word.  1.The example in Paragraph 2 is to 　　　.  A.express a feeling B.describe a problem C.show the result D.support the topic 2.According to the passage, which one of the following has “a growth mindset”? A.Jack got an “A” in the exam. He was quite happy to tell his parents. B.David failed in a competition, but he stays confident and keeps trying. C.Jenny found it hard to work out the maths problem, so she gave it up. D.Emma was refused by the school team. She didn't want to have another try. 3.Which of the following can be put into 　▲　?  A.Experts will help you grow up healthily in mind B.You can train yourself to develop a growth mindset C.Everyone has his own advantages and disadvantages D.You can change everything by adding the small word “yet” 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.The Power of “Yet” B.Two Different Mindsets C.Nothing Is Impossible D.On the Way to Success (2023宁波,C) ①Have you ever thought about what's more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes(极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn't everything. It's more important to be healthy. ②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets(日常饮食) that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live? ③Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and it can increase risks of falls. Some even wear tight(紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation(循环), making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health? ④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money? ⑤So, let's rethink what's really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being? Clothes or hairstyles don't tell us anything about a person's character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let's eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person. 1.Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage? A.Because the diets are healthy.　　　 B.Because they just want to look good. C.Because they want to save time.　　　 D.Because they want to save money. 2.What is the writer's purpose of using a question in each paragraph? A.To ask for help from readers.　　　 B.To tell how to spend time and money. C.To describe the latest fashion.　　　 D.To lead readers to think about the topic. 3.What does the underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Growth.　　　B.Health.　　　C.Warmth.　　　D.Wealth. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A.　　　B.　　　C.　　　D. (2023杭州,D) We all enjoy being part of a group—there's no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It's a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. Personalities(个性) can make teamwork difficult. There's often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine(结合) several challenging personality types, and it's even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it. A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there's often no training on how to work on a team. You can't just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren't just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train. Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn't work, I don't have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don't have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don't get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that's useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 1.Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own? A.To keep himself busier.　　　 B.To keep himself healthier. C.To make his job easier.　　　 D.To make his team harder. 2.Which of the following makes teamwork difficult? A.Strong personality. B.Lots of teamwork time. C.Challenging ideas. D.Clear team roles. 3.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.A WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B.A ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers. C.A ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D.A WE TEAM may be the writer's choice one day. 4.What is the purpose of the text? A.To show the advantages of teamwork.　　　 B.To tell the importance of teamwork. C.To introduce the influence of teamwork.　　　 D.To explain the difficulties of teamwork. （2023丽水） There were only 15 minutes until lunch. But everyone in Mrs. Stretch’s math class was waiting excitedly for the start of Around the World. Around the World was Eddie’s favorite classroom game. He loved racing against a classmate to solve a math problem. Eddie won and lost. But his friend Michael never lost. He was the champion（冠军）of Around the World. Every week he would go around the classroom winning against everyone. “Are we all ready?” Mrs Stretch asked. Everyone nodded. “Then let’s begin,” said Mrs. Stretch. “Talia, you start.” Talia was new to the class. This would be her first time playing. She jumped up and went over to Eddie’s desk. Eddie stood up, too. “Twelve times two,” said Mrs. Stretch. “Twenty-four!” Talia called out, a second before Eddie could. Eddie sat down, disappointed but still happy to know the right answer. Talia moved on to challenge the next classmate. She seemed unstoppable. Finally, Talia got to Michael. “Eight times twelve,” Mrs. Stretch said. “Ninety-six!” shouted Talia first. The class sat shocked, then everyone cheered for Talia, today’s champion. “Nice job, Talia,” said Mrs. Stretch. “It’s time for lunch, everyone. Now line up, please.” Eddie stood to go to lunch. He noticed Michael had his head down on his desk, his face buried in his arms. Eddie walked to Michael and put his hand on his shoulder. “It's OK to lose,” Eddie said. “I lose Around the World all the time. You’re still great at multiplication.” “That’s not why I’m upset,” Michael said into his arms. “No one likes me. They cheered when I lost.” “You think they cheered against you?” Eddie asked. “ ▲ ” Michael said. “I think they cheered because they were too surprised,” Eddie said. “You’re the champ. Talia had to do her best to beat you. So, people were excited about it.” “She is really good at math,” Michael agreed. “And so are you,” said Eddie. “You help us all work harder. Because of you, we probably have the best math class in the whole school.” “Thanks,” Michael said. He smiled at Eddie, “Do you want to sit together at lunch?” “Sure,” said Eddie. “You can quiz me on math problems and help me get better.” Michael stood up. “Challenge accepted!” 1. What is Around the World? A. A math challenge. B. A running race. C. A computer game. D. A writing competition. 2. What can we know about the characters in the story? A. Talia was really good at math. B. Mrs. Stretch liked the champion best. C. Eddie cared a lot about whether he won or lost. D. Michael was hard-working but seldom helped others. 3. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in ▲ in Paragraph 18? A. What else? B. Why else? C. Who else? D. Where else? 4. Which of the following can best express the message（启示）of the story? A. Once a champion, always a champion. B. To be a good loser is to learn how to win. C. The only way to grow is to challenge yourself. D. Never forget failure is just an event, not a person. （2024衢州） ① One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I called my grandma for help, followed a TV program to make jam and waited excitedly. I enjoyed every step so much that I didn’t notice three hours pass by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mum ate it up and told me it was the best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realised that although I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really enjoyed the process (过程). ② The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with others. If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning of success. ③ But in this busy world, we see a lot of successful people are in competition. How can we enjoy the process? Well, the question has the answer in itself. ④ Don’t always compare yourself with others. First of all, we are all different. And success means different things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own ride. ⑤ Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and learn to be patient. Impatience leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop. ⑥ Reward (奖励) yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. For example, if you are in the process of losing weight, enjoy your favourite cake once in a while. 1. How does the writer start the article? A. By giving an example B. By comparing facts. C. By using old sayings. D. By listing numbers. 2. What do the underlined words “concentrate on” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Make up. B. Get ready for. C. Point out. D. Pay attention to. 3. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 4. Which could be the best title for the text? A. Enjoy the process B. What does success mean to us? C. Never give up D. How can we achieve good results? (2022绍兴,C) “I wish I had straight hair”; “I'd like to be taller”. At times, we all want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different—and that's a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self-confidence(自信). Body confidence is when someone accepts and behaves kindly towards their body. That includes our size and shape, skin color, appearance and any physical disabilities. Jade Parnell from the Centre for Appearance Research(CAR), says that having body confidence is “about being accepting of your body and what it does for you”. If you feel positive(积极的) about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. Parnell says that the cost of trying to achieve the “perfect” appearance is high. She says, “If you're spending a lot of time trying to look a certain way, you will have less time to spend with friends and to make important memories.” It's important to remember that everybody is different. To develop a positive body image, Parnell says, “Try to talk positively about your own body and other people's bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to appearance. Instead, think about what your body does for you; do your legs make you run really fast?” She also suggests treating your body well by eating different kinds of foods, exercising to feel good and to have fun, and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look. 1.The writer thinks that the pictures on TV and social media 　　　.  A.are perfect for people to follow　　　 B.may spread wrong ideas of looks C.imply everyone is different　　　 D.show people how to behave kindly 2.The underlined word “agitated” probably means “　　　”.  A.scared　　　B.serious　　　C.careless　　　D.worried 3.Parnell will agree that you should 　　　.  A.accept your body as it is　　　 B.avoid talking about others' bodies C.spend more money on your appearance　　　 D.remember what you used to be like 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To encourage readers to take more exercise.　　　 B.To remind readers not to eat too much food. C.To lead readers to build up body confidence.　　　 D.To advise readers to treat their friends well. (2022舟山,D) When Leon Martin asked for his parents' advice on how to become a UX designer(设计师), they both went silent. “In fact, I had no idea what he was talking about,” said Anne, his mother. “I didn't know whether he was talking about designing clothes, computer programs or a fancy brand of bike.” Even when her 18-year-old son explained that it was something about “behind the scenes” online design, his mother was still a bit lost. “I felt like I had totally failed as a parent,” she said. “My job as a parent is to open doors so my children can achieve their potential(潜力), but how can I do that when I don't even understand what their dreams are?” 　▲　 Research has found that more than 2/3 of parents in England are now facing the problem that, when their children express interest in new education and job choices, they may know nothing about them. More than 75% of parents feel it is almost impossible to offer their children good advice in such a fast-changing job market.  Michelle Rea did a survey of over 2,000 parents of secondary school students in England. She found that many parents were afraid their children would just stop talking about their career(职业) plans at home, simply because their mum and dad could hardly follow them. “We all know that parents' opinions and suggestions play an important role in shaping and influencing their children's career dreams,” she said. “But we usually depend much on our own experiences. And things have changed so much since most of us were at school.” Bryony Mathew, writer of the Awesome Career Books, said the world was changing so rapidly that parents should not try to decide on certain careers for their children. 1.What should a successful parent be able to do according to Anne? A.Become a great UX designer.　　　 B.Do an excellent job online. C.Develop their children's potential.　　　 D.Realize their children's dreams. 2.Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 3? A.Anne is not alone. B.Anne has bad luck. C.This is very strange. D.This is very interesting. 3.What did Michelle Rea's survey mainly show? A.Most of the parents in England were facing trouble in accepting new jobs. B.Parents feared that their children would refuse to share their career dreams. C.A lot of parents found it difficult to help their children with their education. D.Children's career future depended a lot on their parents' working experiences. 4.What could be the best title for the passage? A.How can children make career choices? B.How can parents become career advisers? C.Should children take their parents' career advice? D.Should parents choose a career for their children? （2022湖州） Last week, I finally managed to ask my parents to buy me a new football shirt for the school match. I was very excited and wore it to the training before the match, but I wished I hadn’t done that! My new shirt was torn (破损) after the training and only a tailor (裁缝) could help! As I walked home worriedly, I saw a shop sign: All Kinds of Repairs and Services! I went inside at once. I looked around the shop and saw broken toys, broken chairs … I wondered if I was in the wrong place. Just at that moment, a man with white hair came up to me and said cheerfully, “ Welcome! This is a repair shop and I can repair everything!” “But...what I need is a tailor to deal with my football shirt.” “You’ve come to the right place. I’ve been waiting a long, long time to repair a football shirt.” “Really?” I held the shirt in my hands. To my surprise, he took the shirt from me, put on glasses and sat down on the sofa with my shirt in his hands. “I guess you are a striker (前锋),” he smiled warmly. How could he know? The man gave me a wink and said calmly, “See that picture on the wall? That was me 30 years ago.” I couldn’t believe my eyes! He was Orhan, the famous footballer who was on the city team years ago! I told him I was playing for the school team and I had been his fan for years. I told him everything, my dream, my practice and even my dad’s words. “Dad thinks I should be an engineer or a doctor.” I lowered my head. “Follow your dream, choose a job you love and carry on.” The man smiled at me with his blue eyes. He patted (轻拍) me on the shoulder and put the shirt he had repaired in my bag. Today I have become a footballer and I still keep that shirt in my closet. 1. Why did the boy go into the old man’s shop? A. To visit the old man. B. To get his football shirt back. C. To repair his football shirt. D. To ask the old man for advice. 2. In which order did the boy’s feelings change in the story? A. surprised→encouraged→excited→worried B. surprised→excited→worried→encouraged C. excited→worried→surprised→encouraged D. excited→surprised→encouraged→worried 3. What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4? A. The old man repaired football shirts as his job. B. The old man had a special feeling for football shirts. C. The old man was relaxed when he saw the football shirt. D. The old man had waited a long time for the boy to come. 4. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Two heads are better than one. B. Action speaks louder than words. C. Stick to your dream and you’ll make it. D. All things are difficult before they are easy. （2022嘉兴） When Leon Martin asked for his parents’ advice on how to become a UX designer (设计师), they both went silent. “In fact, I had no idea what he was talking about,” said Anne, his mother. “I don’t know whether he was talking about designing clothes, computer programs or a fancy brand of bike.” Even when her 18-year-old son explained that it was something about “behind the scenes” online design, his mother was still a bit lost. “I felt like I had totally failed as a parent,” she said. “My job as a parent is to open doors so my children can achieve their potential (潜力), but now can I do that when I don’t even understand what their dreams are?” _________ Research has found that more than 2/3 of parents in England are now facing the problem that, when their children express interest in new education and job choices, they may know nothing about them. More than 75% of parents feel it is almost impossible to offer their children good advice in such a fast-changing job market. Michelle Rea did a survey of over 2,000 parents of secondary school students in England. She found that many parents were afraid their children hardly follow them. “We all know that parents’ opinions and suggestions play an important role in shaping and influencing their children’s career dreams,” she said. “But we usually depend much on our own experiences. And things have changed so much since most of us were at school.” Bryony Mathew, writer of the Awesome Career Books, said the world was changing so rapidly that parents should not try to decide on certain careers for their children. 1. What should a successful parent be able to do according to Anne? A. Become a great UX designer. B. Do an excellent job online. C. Develop their children’s potential. D. Realize their children’s dreams. 2. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 3? A. Anne is not alone. B. Anne has bad luck. C. This is very strange. D. This is very interesting. 3. What did Michelle Rea’s survey mainly show? A. Most of the parents in England were facing trouble in accepting new jobs. B. Parents feared that their children would refuse to share their career dreams. C. A lot of parents found it difficult to help their children with their education. D. Children’s career future depend a lot on their parents’ working experiences. 4. What could be the best title for the passage? A. How can children make career choices? B. How can parents become career advisers? C. Should children take their parents’ career advice? D. Should parents choose a career for their children? （2022金华） ①Have you ever shown your photos on your favorite social media（媒体）? Or have you expressed your feelings and emotions on your online page? If yes, do you know what you have posted on the social medias can cause problems you could not expect? ②Cathy, who is going to be fifteen, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it. And guess what! 500 people came to the party, and some even broke the windows and plants, making a total mess of the house. The girl’s birthday party turned into a nightmare（噩梦）. ③Many teenagers（青少年）think they know everything about social media, and that such a thing could never happen to them. Studies show that each year more than three million young people in the world get into trouble because of their online activities. ④So do remember these if you really want to share something online. ⑤Share with care! Not everyone will like what you write online. Think before you post anything. You never know who sees your texts, pictures or videos. Before clicking “post”, you should ask yourself, “How will I feel if my family or teachers see this?” and “How might this post be bad for me in five or ten years from now?” ⑥Be polite when you write! Imagine someone is unfriendly in real life. The same is true of online communication. No one likes it when you “shout” in your messages. If you feel angry or frustrated while you’re writing a message, wait a bit. Read it again later and then send it. ⑦Protect and respect! Never share your passwords with anyone. It’s not wise to post your home or email address online. Don’t say bad things about people. If you get messages like that or see them online, talk to your parents or your teachers. ⑧I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety, but each will help you to be safer. 1. The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________. A. telling stories B. giving examples C. asking questions D. sharing experiences 2. The party turned into a nightmare because Cathy ________. A. made a total mess of the house. B. shared the photos of her house online C. invited hundrends of people to her party D. posted an invitation with her address online 3. The writer uses the mark “!” in the underlined sentences of Paragraphs 5~7 to ________. A. draw the readers’ attention B. give orders that readers should follow C. express the strong feelings of worry D. give the decisions that have been made 4. What does the writer mean by saying the last sentence? A. You should spend much less time online. B. It’s necessary to think before you act online. C. You have to make a promise before you go online. D. If you want to be safer online, do as the writer suggests. （2022宁波） Recently, many people think it’s risky to use credit (信用) card numbers online. However, from time to time, we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack (攻击) is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from web surfers. This new kind of attack is called “phishing”. Phishing sounds the same as the word “fishing”, and it means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait (诱饵) in the form of great online deals or services. For example, phishers might use false emails and websites to trick people into revealing (透露) credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. They imitate (模仿) well-known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may make as many as 5% of the people believe and give away their personal information. It’s really a big problem! Actually, tricking 5% of the online population is huge. Now more than 4.6 billion people have access (进入权) to the Internet, and 75% of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year. Even by tricking only 5% of the people, phishers can make a lot of money. Amy, 18, from California, received an email. A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him. Amy did as the man said at once. The “thief” used Amy’s Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money. How can people avoid being cheated online? Above all, they have to learn to recognize the email that has been sent by a phisher. Always be careful with any email with urgent (紧急的) requests for personal information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting, but false, statements in their emails so that people will reply right away. Never give out personal information to phishers. And if an offer sounds too good to be true, it is. 1. Phishing is compared to ________ according to the passage. A. making money B. playing games C. catching fish D. writing emails 2. Which writing skill is used in Para. 3? A. Giving examples. B. Listing numbers. C. Raising questions. D. Using sayings. 3. Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “transfer” in Para. 4? transfer v. (transferred, transferring) ①to move from one place, school, job etc to another ②to connect the call of someone to someone else’s ③to move money from one account to another ④to change from one bus, plane etc to another A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 4. Besides introducing what phishing is, the writer also tells us how to ________. A. help to catch phishers B. reply to urgent emails C. pay by credit card D. protect ourselves online ( 22 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分类汇编（浙江专用） 专题10 阅读理解（议论文） （2024浙江） Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table? A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy. Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either. The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food. A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life. Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different?” 1. According to the new study, dog owners ________. A. must offer dry food to their dogs B. can feed dogs on “people food” C. had better buy more processed food D. shouldn’t make food by themselves 2. Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________. A. dogs need different kinds of food B. little living things stay in human bodies C. scientists study dry processed food D. people should keep dogs at home 3. How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable? A. By using pictures. B. By giving examples. C. By telling stories. D. By listing numbers. 4. Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A. History. B. Business. C. Science. D. Culture. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【解析】本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。 1.细节理解题。根据“A new study suggests that by sharing ‘people food’, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy.”可知，根据新研究，狗主人可以给狗喂“人类食品”。故选B。 2.段落大意题。根据“The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. ... many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food.”可知，狗在主人家中找到的食物如鸡蛋、鱼、肉和蔬菜，可能比单一的狗粮更好，因为多样化的食物可以增加体内有益微生物的种类，有助于消化。由此推知本段解释了为什么狗需要吃多种类的食物。故选A。 3.推理判断题。根据“A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study.”，“about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss”和“However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life.”可知，作者通过列数字，使其研究更可信。故选D。 4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。由此推知，本文可能来自杂志的“科学”部分。故选C。 (2023嘉兴,D) Roger Federer, a world-famous sports star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games to deal with his knee problem. It was a hard decision because no one wanted to be a quitter. But finding the courage to let go can be good for you. Nothing is fun all the time. Sticking at something difficult teaches us important skills like perseverance(毅力). However, learning to let go when things aren't right is important too. Maybe your heart isn't in playing the piano any more, or you only play football because your friends do and you want to try a different sport instead. Making the decision to walk away can free up time and energy to spend on something you really enjoy. In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can't reach, or don't really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life. But how can you know it's time to stop and move on? Eric Bean is an expert in sports psychology(心理学) who helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter of black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more. Is it because you've argued with a teammate or can't get on with a new art teacher? Talk about this with a trusted adult or friend. That can help you decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.   Quitting doesn't have to mean totally giving up, though. For example, playing an instrument might be more fun if you take away the pressure of exams. If you do decide to give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up another where you can still enjoy things like teamwork, creativity, and exercise. 1.The writer mentions “Roger Federer” in Paragraph 1 to show that 　　　.  A.we should never give up　　　 B.we should get away from trouble C.it's all right to stop and quit　　　 D.it's difficult to win Olympic medals 2.According to Paragraph 2, learning to let go is important because we can 　　　.  A.learn about perseverance　　　 B.have enough money to spend C.live a busier and fuller life　　　 D.feel more confident in ourselves 3.By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that 　　　.  A.it's not good to stick at things we don't like B.we should think twice before quitting an activity C.we don't have to take exams to show our true abilities D.it's wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one 4.Which could be the best title for the passage? A.Knowing When to Stop B.Working Hard to Move On C.Learning How to Grow Up D.Starting Early to Make Changes 答案　 语篇解读　本文是议论文。作者认为人们应该知道何时需要对一件事情放手。 1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段的“But finding the courage to let go can be good for you.”可知,以Roger Federer为例是为了说明有时放弃也是可以的、有好处的,故选C。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can't reach, or don't really want, can build up your confidence”可知,放弃你无法达到的目标或者你不想要的目标,可以建立你的信心。故选D。 3.B　推理判断题。根据画线部分后的“He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more...That can help you decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.”可知,他建议人们仔细思考为什么不再享受某件事,跟信任的人谈谈,这能帮助人们决定是否要放弃,也就是建议人们三思而行,故选B。 4.A　文章标题题。根据全文内容可知,本文主要谈论了人们做某件事情时要认真思考,明白什么时候应该放弃,并阐述了适时放手的重要性,故选A。 (2023金华,D) ①Does life sometimes seem to be full of impossible problems? How many times, for example, do you find yourself saying things like “I really don't understand this maths problem”, or “I can't get into the school team”? Well, maybe it's time to introduce yourself to the power of “yet”. By adding this simple word, you can change everything. “I really don't understand this maths problem yet.” “I can't get into the school team yet.” Suddenly, the impossible becomes possible. You can imagine those things happening. ②I read about a school that has changed the way it marks its students' exams. The school find out that the old pass/fail system wasn't helping students' motivation(积极性). If you passed, then great, but those students who didn't pass often felt like failures. So now students who don't pass the exams will not see a big red “F” on their papers; they see a “Not yet” instead. That way the students feel that they are on a journey. They haven't reached the end, but they know that they are going the right way. ③This kind of thinking is part of what experts call “having a growth mindset”. People with a growth mindset don't concentrate on failure. They aren't worried by not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do. They enjoy the challenge and believe they can change. In contrast, people who just focus on the failure have what the experts call “a fixed mindset”. These people are always worried about failure and are happy to give up when things don't go right. They don't think that they are able to change. Clearly, it is better to have a growth mindset than a fixed mindset. ④But don't worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset. 　▲　. Remember that it all starts with questioning the things you believe about yourself. Stop believing that you can't or you haven't and realize that you just can't or haven't yet. Once you start doing this, you'll wonder why you didn't do it before. It's one small but very powerful word.  1.The example in Paragraph 2 is to 　　　.  A.express a feeling B.describe a problem C.show the result D.support the topic 2.According to the passage, which one of the following has “a growth mindset”? A.Jack got an “A” in the exam. He was quite happy to tell his parents. B.David failed in a competition, but he stays confident and keeps trying. C.Jenny found it hard to work out the maths problem, so she gave it up. D.Emma was refused by the school team. She didn't want to have another try. 3.Which of the following can be put into 　▲　?  A.Experts will help you grow up healthily in mind B.You can train yourself to develop a growth mindset C.Everyone has his own advantages and disadvantages D.You can change everything by adding the small word “yet” 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.The Power of “Yet” B.Two Different Mindsets C.Nothing Is Impossible D.On the Way to Success 答案　 语篇解读　本文是议论文。yet(还)是一个很有分量的词,且在我们成长过程中起着重要的作用。 1.D　推理判断题。在第一段中,作者表明yet这个词能变不可能为可能,鼓励人们继续努力,第二段通过介绍这个词的运用——可以改变成绩不合格的学生的想法让他们继续前进,来证明作者的观点。故选D。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段的“They aren't worried by not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do.”可知,B选项“大卫在一场比赛中失败了,但他保持着自信并不断努力。”中的大卫具有“成长心态”。故选B。 3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But don't worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset.”以及下文介绍的如何改变想法可知,此处内容和培养“成长心态”相关,B选项“你可以训练自己培养成长心态”符合语境。故选B。 4.A　文章标题题。作者认为yet(还)是一个很有分量的词,且在我们成长过程中起着重要的作用。选项A作为标题最合适。故选A。 (2023宁波,C) ①Have you ever thought about what's more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes(极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn't everything. It's more important to be healthy. ②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets(日常饮食) that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live? ③Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and it can increase risks of falls. Some even wear tight(紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation(循环), making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health? ④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money? ⑤So, let's rethink what's really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being? Clothes or hairstyles don't tell us anything about a person's character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let's eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person. 1.Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage? A.Because the diets are healthy.　　　 B.Because they just want to look good. C.Because they want to save time.　　　 D.Because they want to save money. 2.What is the writer's purpose of using a question in each paragraph? A.To ask for help from readers.　　　 B.To tell how to spend time and money. C.To describe the latest fashion.　　　 D.To lead readers to think about the topic. 3.What does the underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Growth.　　　B.Health.　　　C.Warmth.　　　D.Wealth. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A.　　　B.　　　C.　　　D. 答案　 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章从饮食、服装、发型三个方面论证了人们为追求时尚而牺牲舒适与健康的危害。作者认为一个人的价值不是由外貌决定的,而是取决于他是一个怎样的人。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群,涉及子主题“健康、文明的行为习惯与生活方式”。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets...”可知,有些人为了看起来好看,所以采取极端的饮食方式。故选B。 2.D　推理判断题。作者在每一段提出问题的目的是引导读者去思考,故选D。 3.B　词义猜测题。第一段提出“It's more important to be healthy.”,而画线词所在句以及前一句“So, let's rethink what's really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being?”与之呼应。由此可推知,well-being意为“健康”,故选B。 4.A　篇章结构题。通读全文可知,作者在文章第一段引出“时尚与健康”的话题,并提出自己的观点,即健康比时尚重要。第二、三、四段分别从饮食、服装、发型三个方面论证了人们为追求时尚而牺牲舒适与健康的危害。第五段总结全文,再次阐明自己的观点:一个人的价值不是由外貌决定的,而是取决于他是一个怎样的人。故选A。 长难句分析　Some even wear tight clothes that influence blood circulation, making it hard to breathe.有些人甚至穿影响血液循环的紧身衣,使呼吸困难。 本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句,修饰先行词tight clothes。 making it hard to breathe是动词的-ing形式短语作状语。 (2023杭州,D) We all enjoy being part of a group—there's no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It's a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. Personalities(个性) can make teamwork difficult. There's often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine(结合) several challenging personality types, and it's even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it. A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there's often no training on how to work on a team. You can't just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren't just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train. Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn't work, I don't have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don't have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don't get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that's useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 1.Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own? A.To keep himself busier.　　　 B.To keep himself healthier. C.To make his job easier.　　　 D.To make his team harder. 2.Which of the following makes teamwork difficult? A.Strong personality. B.Lots of teamwork time. C.Challenging ideas. D.Clear team roles. 3.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.A WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B.A ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers. C.A ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D.A WE TEAM may be the writer's choice one day. 4.What is the purpose of the text? A.To show the advantages of teamwork.　　　 B.To tell the importance of teamwork. C.To introduce the influence of teamwork.　　　 D.To explain the difficulties of teamwork. 答案　 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论团队合作中会遇到的一些困难,最后作者表达了对良好的团队合作的向往。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中的“社会服务与人际沟通”主题群,涉及“交流与合作,团队精神”子主题内容。 1.C　细节理解题。由第一段第四句“In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own.”可知,作者选择在家独自工作是为了使工作更容易。故选C。 2.A　细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Personalities can make teamwork difficult.”可知,很强势的个性会使团队合作困难。故选A。 3.D　细节理解题。由最后一句中“one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM”可知,也许有一天,WE TEAM会成为作者的选择。故选D。 4.D　写作目的题。本文第一段作者首先讲述了自己在团队合作中遇到困难后选择在家工作的经历,接着第二、三、四段介绍了团队合作难的原因。所以说明团队合作中的困难是作者写这篇文章的主要目的。故选D。 长难句分析　It's a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. 它更适合我,它让我思考为什么团队合作会让我们的工作更难而不是更容易。 本句为由and连接的并列复合句。and前为简单句,and后为主从复合句,包含why引导的宾语从句。 （2023丽水） There were only 15 minutes until lunch. But everyone in Mrs. Stretch’s math class was waiting excitedly for the start of Around the World. Around the World was Eddie’s favorite classroom game. He loved racing against a classmate to solve a math problem. Eddie won and lost. But his friend Michael never lost. He was the champion（冠军）of Around the World. Every week he would go around the classroom winning against everyone. “Are we all ready?” Mrs Stretch asked. Everyone nodded. “Then let’s begin,” said Mrs. Stretch. “Talia, you start.” Talia was new to the class. This would be her first time playing. She jumped up and went over to Eddie’s desk. Eddie stood up, too. “Twelve times two,” said Mrs. Stretch. “Twenty-four!” Talia called out, a second before Eddie could. Eddie sat down, disappointed but still happy to know the right answer. Talia moved on to challenge the next classmate. She seemed unstoppable. Finally, Talia got to Michael. “Eight times twelve,” Mrs. Stretch said. “Ninety-six!” shouted Talia first. The class sat shocked, then everyone cheered for Talia, today’s champion. “Nice job, Talia,” said Mrs. Stretch. “It’s time for lunch, everyone. Now line up, please.” Eddie stood to go to lunch. He noticed Michael had his head down on his desk, his face buried in his arms. Eddie walked to Michael and put his hand on his shoulder. “It's OK to lose,” Eddie said. “I lose Around the World all the time. You’re still great at multiplication.” “That’s not why I’m upset,” Michael said into his arms. “No one likes me. They cheered when I lost.” “You think they cheered against you?” Eddie asked. “ ▲ ” Michael said. “I think they cheered because they were too surprised,” Eddie said. “You’re the champ. Talia had to do her best to beat you. So, people were excited about it.” “She is really good at math,” Michael agreed. “And so are you,” said Eddie. “You help us all work harder. Because of you, we probably have the best math class in the whole school.” “Thanks,” Michael said. He smiled at Eddie, “Do you want to sit together at lunch?” “Sure,” said Eddie. “You can quiz me on math problems and help me get better.” Michael stood up. “Challenge accepted!” 1. What is Around the World? A. A math challenge. B. A running race. C. A computer game. D. A writing competition. 2. What can we know about the characters in the story? A. Talia was really good at math. B. Mrs. Stretch liked the champion best. C. Eddie cared a lot about whether he won or lost. D. Michael was hard-working but seldom helped others. 3. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in ▲ in Paragraph 18? A. What else? B. Why else? C. Who else? D. Where else? 4. Which of the following can best express the message（启示）of the story? A. Once a champion, always a champion. B. To be a good loser is to learn how to win. C. The only way to grow is to challenge yourself. D. Never forget failure is just an event, not a person. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】本文讲述了迈克尔在“环球世界”这个游戏中一直是冠军，有一天却被新来的一位同学打败，迈克尔感到很失落，他的朋友埃迪安慰他说输赢并不重要，不要因为失败而否定自己曾经的成绩。 1.细节理解题。根据文中“Around the World was Eddie's favorite classroom game. He loved racing against a classmate to solve a math problem.”可知，环球世界是数学游戏，故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据“The class sat shocked, then everyone cheered for Talia, today’s champion.”可知，塔里亚的数学真的很好，故选A。 3.推理判断题。根据“I think they cheered because they were too surprised,”可知，此处是问原因的，故选B。 4.主旨大意题。根据“Because of you, we probably have the best math class in the whole school.”可知，文章告诉我们失败只是一件事们不要因为失败而否定自己曾经的成就，选项D“永远不要忘记失败只是一件事，而不是一个人。”符合题意，故选D。 （2024衢州） ① One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I called my grandma for help, followed a TV program to make jam and waited excitedly. I enjoyed every step so much that I didn’t notice three hours pass by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mum ate it up and told me it was the best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realised that although I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really enjoyed the process (过程). ② The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with others. If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning of success. ③ But in this busy world, we see a lot of successful people are in competition. How can we enjoy the process? Well, the question has the answer in itself. ④ Don’t always compare yourself with others. First of all, we are all different. And success means different things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own ride. ⑤ Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and learn to be patient. Impatience leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop. ⑥ Reward (奖励) yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. For example, if you are in the process of losing weight, enjoy your favourite cake once in a while. 1. How does the writer start the article? A. By giving an example B. By comparing facts. C. By using old sayings. D. By listing numbers. 2. What do the underlined words “concentrate on” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Make up. B. Get ready for. C. Point out. D. Pay attention to. 3. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 4. Which could be the best title for the text? A. Enjoy the process B. What does success mean to us? C. Never give up D. How can we achieve good results? 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 【解析】本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者是通过结合自身做苹果派的例子来引出本文主题，故选A。 2.词义猜测题。根据“If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to give up.”可知，如果只关注结果而不享受过程，更有可能感到失望，想要放弃，所以划线单词表示“关注”，与“Pay attention to”词义接近，故选D。 3.篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段作者讲述了自己做苹果派的经历；第二段讲述了自己的感悟；第三段引出问题“如何享受过程”，第四段到第六段提出建议，C项符合文章的结构。故选C。 4.最佳标题题。本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议，文章整体以“享受过程”为线索展开介绍，所以最适合本文的标题是：享受过程，故选A。 (2022绍兴,C) “I wish I had straight hair”; “I'd like to be taller”. At times, we all want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different—and that's a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self-confidence(自信). Body confidence is when someone accepts and behaves kindly towards their body. That includes our size and shape, skin color, appearance and any physical disabilities. Jade Parnell from the Centre for Appearance Research(CAR), says that having body confidence is “about being accepting of your body and what it does for you”. If you feel positive(积极的) about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. Parnell says that the cost of trying to achieve the “perfect” appearance is high. She says, “If you're spending a lot of time trying to look a certain way, you will have less time to spend with friends and to make important memories.” It's important to remember that everybody is different. To develop a positive body image, Parnell says, “Try to talk positively about your own body and other people's bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to appearance. Instead, think about what your body does for you; do your legs make you run really fast?” She also suggests treating your body well by eating different kinds of foods, exercising to feel good and to have fun, and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look. 1.The writer thinks that the pictures on TV and social media 　　　.  A.are perfect for people to follow　　　 B.may spread wrong ideas of looks C.imply everyone is different　　　 D.show people how to behave kindly 2.The underlined word “agitated” probably means “　　　”.  A.scared　　　B.serious　　　C.careless　　　D.worried 3.Parnell will agree that you should 　　　.  A.accept your body as it is　　　 B.avoid talking about others' bodies C.spend more money on your appearance　　　 D.remember what you used to be like 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To encourage readers to take more exercise.　　　 B.To remind readers not to eat too much food. C.To lead readers to build up body confidence.　　　 D.To advise readers to treat their friends well. 答案　 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了我们要积极地看待自己的身体外貌,要有自信。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中的“做人与做事”主题群,涉及“自我认识,自我管理,自我提升”子主题内容。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies ‘should’ look.”可知,电视和社交媒体上的图片可能会给我们传递错误的外貌观念。故选B。 2.D　词义猜测题。根据前面的However可知,这里和前两句意思相反,前面说feel positive就表现得好,所以这里的意思应该是和positive相对,故此处画线部分意为“焦虑的;烦恼的”。故选D。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Jade Parnell...says that having body confidence is ‘about being accepting of your body and what it does for you’.”可知,Parnell认为要接受自己的身体原本的样子。故选A。 4.C　写作目的题。本文主要讲我们要积极地看待自己的身体,要建立身体自信。故选C。 (2022舟山,D) When Leon Martin asked for his parents' advice on how to become a UX designer(设计师), they both went silent. “In fact, I had no idea what he was talking about,” said Anne, his mother. “I didn't know whether he was talking about designing clothes, computer programs or a fancy brand of bike.” Even when her 18-year-old son explained that it was something about “behind the scenes” online design, his mother was still a bit lost. “I felt like I had totally failed as a parent,” she said. “My job as a parent is to open doors so my children can achieve their potential(潜力), but how can I do that when I don't even understand what their dreams are?” 　▲　 Research has found that more than 2/3 of parents in England are now facing the problem that, when their children express interest in new education and job choices, they may know nothing about them. More than 75% of parents feel it is almost impossible to offer their children good advice in such a fast-changing job market.  Michelle Rea did a survey of over 2,000 parents of secondary school students in England. She found that many parents were afraid their children would just stop talking about their career(职业) plans at home, simply because their mum and dad could hardly follow them. “We all know that parents' opinions and suggestions play an important role in shaping and influencing their children's career dreams,” she said. “But we usually depend much on our own experiences. And things have changed so much since most of us were at school.” Bryony Mathew, writer of the Awesome Career Books, said the world was changing so rapidly that parents should not try to decide on certain careers for their children. 1.What should a successful parent be able to do according to Anne? A.Become a great UX designer.　　　 B.Do an excellent job online. C.Develop their children's potential.　　　 D.Realize their children's dreams. 2.Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 3? A.Anne is not alone. B.Anne has bad luck. C.This is very strange. D.This is very interesting. 3.What did Michelle Rea's survey mainly show? A.Most of the parents in England were facing trouble in accepting new jobs. B.Parents feared that their children would refuse to share their career dreams. C.A lot of parents found it difficult to help their children with their education. D.Children's career future depended a lot on their parents' working experiences. 4.What could be the best title for the passage? A.How can children make career choices? B.How can parents become career advisers? C.Should children take their parents' career advice? D.Should parents choose a career for their children? 答案　 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文,着眼于父母对孩子的教育,关注父母在孩子职业选择方面的作用,对父母在今后应该如何做给予启发。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My job as a parent is to open doors so my children can achieve their potential”可知,Anne认为,成功的父母应该提升孩子的潜力。故选C。 2.A　推理判断题。空后主要讲述研究发现超过2/3的英国父母现在也面临着这个问题。“Anne并不孤独”在这里起到承上启下的作用。故选A。 3.B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段第二句“She found that many parents were afraid...”可知调查发现父母害怕孩子在家里不谈论他们的职业规划。故选B。 4.D　标题归纳题。全文都在围绕着家长与孩子在职业选择上的问题展开,且文章末尾直接点明parents should not try to decide on certain careers for their children,故选D。 （2022湖州） Last week, I finally managed to ask my parents to buy me a new football shirt for the school match. I was very excited and wore it to the training before the match, but I wished I hadn’t done that! My new shirt was torn (破损) after the training and only a tailor (裁缝) could help! As I walked home worriedly, I saw a shop sign: All Kinds of Repairs and Services! I went inside at once. I looked around the shop and saw broken toys, broken chairs … I wondered if I was in the wrong place. Just at that moment, a man with white hair came up to me and said cheerfully, “ Welcome! This is a repair shop and I can repair everything!” “But...what I need is a tailor to deal with my football shirt.” “You’ve come to the right place. I’ve been waiting a long, long time to repair a football shirt.” “Really?” I held the shirt in my hands. To my surprise, he took the shirt from me, put on glasses and sat down on the sofa with my shirt in his hands. “I guess you are a striker (前锋),” he smiled warmly. How could he know? The man gave me a wink and said calmly, “See that picture on the wall? That was me 30 years ago.” I couldn’t believe my eyes! He was Orhan, the famous footballer who was on the city team years ago! I told him I was playing for the school team and I had been his fan for years. I told him everything, my dream, my practice and even my dad’s words. “Dad thinks I should be an engineer or a doctor.” I lowered my head. “Follow your dream, choose a job you love and carry on.” The man smiled at me with his blue eyes. He patted (轻拍) me on the shoulder and put the shirt he had repaired in my bag. Today I have become a footballer and I still keep that shirt in my closet. 1. Why did the boy go into the old man’s shop? A. To visit the old man. B. To get his football shirt back. C. To repair his football shirt. D. To ask the old man for advice. 2. In which order did the boy’s feelings change in the story? A. surprised→encouraged→excited→worried B. surprised→excited→worried→encouraged C. excited→worried→surprised→encouraged D. excited→surprised→encouraged→worried 3. What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4? A. The old man repaired football shirts as his job. B. The old man had a special feeling for football shirts. C. The old man was relaxed when he saw the football shirt. D. The old man had waited a long time for the boy to come. 4. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Two heads are better than one. B. Action speaks louder than words. C. Stick to your dream and you’ll make it. D. All things are difficult before they are easy. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 【解析】本文通过作者自己的经历告诉我们：要坚持自己的梦想，最终会有成功的一天。 1.细节理解题。根据“My new shirt was torn (破损的) after the training and only a tailor (裁缝) could help!”可知，进入裁缝店是为了修补足球T恤；故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据“I was very excited and wore it to the training before the match, but I wished I hadn’t done that! ”；“As I walked home worriedly, I saw a shop sign”；“To my surprise, he took the shirt from me, put on glasses and sat down on the sofa with my shirt in his hands.”和“He patted me on the shoulder and put the shirt he had repaired in my bag.”可知，从兴奋到忧心忡忡的；再到惊讶，最后收到了老人的鼓励；故选C。 3.词句猜测题。根据“You’ve come to the right place. I’ve been waiting a long, long time to repair a football shirt.”和下文“He was Orhan, the famous footballer who was on the city team years ago!”可知，老人以前也是一名足球运动员，说明老人对足球T恤有一种特殊的情感；故选B。 4.推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者的父母希望他能够成为一名工程师或医生，收到了老人的鼓励后，作者坚持自己的梦想，终于成为了一名足球运动员；故选C。 （2022嘉兴） When Leon Martin asked for his parents’ advice on how to become a UX designer (设计师), they both went silent. “In fact, I had no idea what he was talking about,” said Anne, his mother. “I don’t know whether he was talking about designing clothes, computer programs or a fancy brand of bike.” Even when her 18-year-old son explained that it was something about “behind the scenes” online design, his mother was still a bit lost. “I felt like I had totally failed as a parent,” she said. “My job as a parent is to open doors so my children can achieve their potential (潜力), but now can I do that when I don’t even understand what their dreams are?” _________ Research has found that more than 2/3 of parents in England are now facing the problem that, when their children express interest in new education and job choices, they may know nothing about them. More than 75% of parents feel it is almost impossible to offer their children good advice in such a fast-changing job market. Michelle Rea did a survey of over 2,000 parents of secondary school students in England. She found that many parents were afraid their children hardly follow them. “We all know that parents’ opinions and suggestions play an important role in shaping and influencing their children’s career dreams,” she said. “But we usually depend much on our own experiences. And things have changed so much since most of us were at school.” Bryony Mathew, writer of the Awesome Career Books, said the world was changing so rapidly that parents should not try to decide on certain careers for their children. 1. What should a successful parent be able to do according to Anne? A. Become a great UX designer. B. Do an excellent job online. C. Develop their children’s potential. D. Realize their children’s dreams. 2. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 3? A. Anne is not alone. B. Anne has bad luck. C. This is very strange. D. This is very interesting. 3. What did Michelle Rea’s survey mainly show? A. Most of the parents in England were facing trouble in accepting new jobs. B. Parents feared that their children would refuse to share their career dreams. C. A lot of parents found it difficult to help their children with their education. D. Children’s career future depend a lot on their parents’ working experiences. 4. What could be the best title for the passage? A. How can children make career choices? B. How can parents become career advisers? C. Should children take their parents’ career advice? D. Should parents choose a career for their children? 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章以Leon进行职业选择时向父母寻求建议这一事件为例，对“父母是否应该为孩子们指定职业”这一话题进行了探讨。 1.细节理解题。根据第二段“My job as a parent is to open doors so my children can achieve their potential, but now can I do that when I don’t even understand what their dreams are?”可知Anne之前认为作为父母，她的工作就是打开大门，让孩子们发挥他们的潜能，由此可知，她认为一个成功的父母，就是要能让孩子们发挥他们的潜能。故选C。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Research has found that more than 2/3 of parents in England are now facing the problem that, when their children express interest in new education and job choices, they may know nothing about them.”可知研究发现英国超过三分之二的父母现在正面临这样的问题：当他们的孩子们对新的教育和工作选择表示感兴趣时，他们可能对此一无所知，由此可知，Anne并不是唯一一个遇到这种问题的人。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据第四段“She found that many parents were afraid their children hardly follow them. ‘We all know that parents’ opinions and suggestions play an important role in shaping and influencing their children’s career dreams,’ she said.”可知Michelle Rea认为，父母的意见和建议在塑造和影响孩子们的职业梦想方面发挥着重要的作用，但她发现很多父母担心他们的孩子不听他们的意见，换句话说，家长们担心孩子们拒绝跟他们分享他们的职业梦想。故选B。 4.最佳标题题。根据最后一段“Bryony Mathew, writer of the Awesome Career Books, said the world was changing so rapidly that parents should not try to decide on certain careers for their children.”可知这本《令人敬畏的职业书籍》的作者认为父母不应该试图为他们的孩子指定职业。纵观全文可知作者围绕“父母是否应该为孩子们选定职业”这个话题展开讨论。故选D。 （2022金华） ①Have you ever shown your photos on your favorite social media（媒体）? Or have you expressed your feelings and emotions on your online page? If yes, do you know what you have posted on the social medias can cause problems you could not expect? ②Cathy, who is going to be fifteen, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it. And guess what! 500 people came to the party, and some even broke the windows and plants, making a total mess of the house. The girl’s birthday party turned into a nightmare（噩梦）. ③Many teenagers（青少年）think they know everything about social media, and that such a thing could never happen to them. Studies show that each year more than three million young people in the world get into trouble because of their online activities. ④So do remember these if you really want to share something online. ⑤Share with care! Not everyone will like what you write online. Think before you post anything. You never know who sees your texts, pictures or videos. Before clicking “post”, you should ask yourself, “How will I feel if my family or teachers see this?” and “How might this post be bad for me in five or ten years from now?” ⑥Be polite when you write! Imagine someone is unfriendly in real life. The same is true of online communication. No one likes it when you “shout” in your messages. If you feel angry or frustrated while you’re writing a message, wait a bit. Read it again later and then send it. ⑦Protect and respect! Never share your passwords with anyone. It’s not wise to post your home or email address online. Don’t say bad things about people. If you get messages like that or see them online, talk to your parents or your teachers. ⑧I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety, but each will help you to be safer. 1. The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________. A. telling stories B. giving examples C. asking questions D. sharing experiences 2. The party turned into a nightmare because Cathy ________. A. made a total mess of the house. B. shared the photos of her house online C. invited hundrends of people to her party D. posted an invitation with her address online 3. The writer uses the mark “!” in the underlined sentences of Paragraphs 5~7 to ________. A. draw the readers’ attention B. give orders that readers should follow C. express the strong feelings of worry D. give the decisions that have been made 4. What does the writer mean by saying the last sentence? A. You should spend much less time online. B. It’s necessary to think before you act online. C. You have to make a promise before you go online. D. If you want to be safer online, do as the writer suggests. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】本文以Cathy为例，介绍了在社交媒体上分享照片的危害，并介绍了如何在分享照片同时保护自己安全的建议。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段的三个问句可知，作者是通过问问题来引出主题，故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据“Cathy, who is going to be fifteen, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it”可知，因为她在社交媒体上发布了这个派对的地址，而导致让这场派对成为了一个噩梦，故选D。 3.推理判断题。根据“So do remember these if you really want to share something online”及下文介绍的内容可知，以下是介绍了保护自己安全的建议，加这个符号的目的是为了吸引读者的注意，故选A。 4.推理判断题。根据“I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety, but each will help you to be safer”可知，作者提供的这些建议会让你更安全，目的是为了让你在社交媒体上发布照片之前要三思而后行，故选B。 （2022宁波） Recently, many people think it’s risky to use credit (信用) card numbers online. However, from time to time, we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack (攻击) is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from web surfers. This new kind of attack is called “phishing”. Phishing sounds the same as the word “fishing”, and it means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait (诱饵) in the form of great online deals or services. For example, phishers might use false emails and websites to trick people into revealing (透露) credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. They imitate (模仿) well-known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may make as many as 5% of the people believe and give away their personal information. It’s really a big problem! Actually, tricking 5% of the online population is huge. Now more than 4.6 billion people have access (进入权) to the Internet, and 75% of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year. Even by tricking only 5% of the people, phishers can make a lot of money. Amy, 18, from California, received an email. A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him. Amy did as the man said at once. The “thief” used Amy’s Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money. How can people avoid being cheated online? Above all, they have to learn to recognize the email that has been sent by a phisher. Always be careful with any email with urgent (紧急的) requests for personal information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting, but false, statements in their emails so that people will reply right away. Never give out personal information to phishers. And if an offer sounds too good to be true, it is. 1. Phishing is compared to ________ according to the passage. A. making money B. playing games C. catching fish D. writing emails 2. Which writing skill is used in Para. 3? A. Giving examples. B. Listing numbers. C. Raising questions. D. Using sayings. 3. Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “transfer” in Para. 4? transfer v. (transferred, transferring) ①to move from one place, school, job etc to another ②to connect the call of someone to someone else’s ③to move money from one account to another ④to change from one bus, plane etc to another A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 4. Besides introducing what phishing is, the writer also tells us how to ________. A. help to catch phishers B. reply to urgent emails C. pay by credit card D. protect ourselves online 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】本文主要讲述了网络欺骗以及如何避免在网上被欺骗。 1.细节理解题。根据“Like real fishermen, phishers use bait in the form of great online deals or services.”可知，就像真正的渔夫一样，网络钓鱼者以在线交易或服务的形式使用诱饵；将“Phishing”比作“catching fish”。故选C。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，通过列举数字说明网络被骗者很多。故选B。 3.词句猜测题。根据“The ‘thief’ used Amy’s Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money.”可知，这名“小偷”使用艾米的社会安全号码获得了以她名字命名的信用卡，并转移了她的钱，因此“transfer”意为“to move money from one account to another”。故选C。 4.推理判断题。根据“How can people avoid being cheated online?”可知，最后一段作者还告诉我们如何避免在网上被欺骗。故选D。 ( 22 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$