高考英语复习时态 Lesson 2 课件 -2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

语法专题——时态 Lesson2 Verb: a content word that denotes an action or a state Verb aspect (体态) voice (语态) mood (语气) tense (时态) Review Time: past time, present time, future time & past future time. Aspect (体态): a grammatical term indicating whether an action at a given time is viewed as complete or incomplete. Important principles about tenses: 1.根据句子里的时间状语判断动作发生的时间（time）(熟记每个时态常用的时间状语)； 2.根据句意判断动词的状态（aspect） ； 3.根据时间和状态，确定动词的形式（tense）。 四、现在进行时 现在进行时——am/is/are doing（V-ing现在分词) 目前或现阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 在词尾直接加-ing work—working　 study—studying 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去e再加-ing have—having　take—taking 以­ie结尾的动词 变ie为y再加-ing lie—lying die—dying 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 (辅元辅结构) 双写该辅音字母再加­ing cut—cutting begin—beginning put—putting get—getting swim—swimming admit—admitting permit—permitting 现在分词的变化规律 　1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例如： We are waiting for you. 　2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.　 (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 　 现在进行时的用法 3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer. 　4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 现在进行时的用法 知识扩展：不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, exist, include, , continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. 五、过去进行时 过去进行时——was/were doing ——过去时刻或阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 过去进行时的用法 4.用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。 I was wondering if you can give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 （一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更加不肯定。） 典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　 A. made　 B. is making C. was making　 D. makes 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read; was falling　 B. was reading; fell　 C. was reading; was falling　 D. read; fell 答案C. 答案B. 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 　 It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　 六、将来进行时 表示将来某一时间或某一时段正在进行的动作或发生的情况，或预料不久就要发生或势必要发生的事情。 谓语形式：will/shall + be + v-ing 1.构成：will / shall be Ving 2.用法：(1) 表示将来某具体时刻正在进行的动作。 Don’t phone him between 5pm and 6pm. He’ll be having a meeting then. When I get home, my wife will probably be doing cooking. 当我到家时，我太太可能正在做饭。。 将来进行时 (2) 表示按计划或安排要将要发生的动作。 We shall be going to London next week. When shall we be meeting next time? Do come tomorrow! We’ll be expecting you. (3) 表示委婉语气。 Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗？ When will you be coming again? 你什么时候再来？ 七、现在完成时 现在完成时：have/has done（过去分词） ——关注“过去事件”对现在的影响或结果；对经历经验的总结 现在完成时的构成 过去 现在 将来 1．现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称，have/has为助动词，无实际意义 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. She has already finished the work. 有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。 现在完成时的用法： （2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。 一般过去时仅指动作在过去发生了；现在完成时态指动作发生在过去还影响到现在，强调的是现在的情况。 时 态 动作发生在过去 对现在的影响 一般过去时 现在完成时 √ √ √ 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 购买 buy 过去式 bought 过去分词 bought 过去时：He bought a book。 现在完成时态：He has bought a book. （买书这个动作在过去） （过去买书，暗示现在有一本书） 八、过去完成时 过去完成时：had done ——过去的时间或事件之前所发生的事情，即“过去的过去” 1、概念：表示过去的过去。 -----------|----------------|--------------------|----> 那时以前　 那时　 现在 其结构是：had + 过去分词 2、过去完成时的用法： （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 过去完成时的用法 （2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.　 （3）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. （4）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 　 He said that he had learned some English before. 　 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 　 1.构成：will / shall+ have done 2.用法： (1) 表示到将来某个时间完成的动作。 eg: I shall have finished this book next week. 下周我就会读完这本书了。 When we get there，she’ll have gone home. 我们到那里时她会回家了。 On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years. 到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。 九.将来完成时 He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。 （现在完成） He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完了他的小说。（过去完成） He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。（将来完成） 现在完成时 、过去完成时 和 将来完成时 的区别 十.现在完成进行时 1.构成：主语+have（has）been+动词-ing 2.用法： 一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 　　中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 　　自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。 I study for Engilsh since 10 years ago. 二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 　　我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) 现在完成时 VS 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 表动作的完成，现在完成进行时 表动作的持续。 I’ve read your book. 我读过你的书。（书读完了） I’ve been reading your book. 我一直在读你的书。（书还在读） 过去 现在 将来 1.构成：has/have + been + v-ing 2.用法：现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 They have been living in this village for generations. He has been working on this essay since this morning. 通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，for hours, since this morning … 十一. 现在完成进行时 1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时的第二种用法相似并常常可以互换。其区别在于：现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性，前者可以说是后者的强调形式。 We have been living here for ten years. We have lived here for ten years. 2) 在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时在表示动作在过去已结束。 The students have been preparing for the exam. The students have prepared for the exam. 3)现在完成进行时一般不适用于静态动词 ，要表示静态动词的延续，只可用现在完成时。 ★现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 十二. 过去将来时（相对于过去某个时间而言在将来发生的动作） 1.构成：would / should + 动词原形 2.用法：过去将来时跟一般将来时的用法基本相同，只是它相对于过去而言，而一般将来时是相对于现在而言。 过去将来时表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或出现的状态。该时态常用在宾语 从句中。 e. g. They rang to say that they would come to visit us the next morning. (2) 过去将来时还可以用was (were) going to + 动词原形表示过去对将来的安排 e. g. He said he was going to see the match but it was cancelled. (3) 过去进行时也可表示在过去看来要发生的动作。 e. g. The last time I met him, she was leaving for Shanghai the following day. exercise 1.It is the fourth time that Mike________________(travel) to China. 2.He ________________(not finish)the work by the end of last month. 3.LiMing________________(know) him since then. 4.I________________(receive) a letter from my brother last night. 5.We________________(be ) to London many times before we left England. has traveled had not finished has not known received had been exercise 6.—He______________(live) in this city since he ________ (leave) his hometown.. —When did he________(leave) there? —He __________there three years ago. 7.—His father_________(be) in the Party (党派)for years. —When_____he _____(join) the Party? —He ______(join) the Party in 1996. 8.I______(hope)to be back last night, but I _______________ (not catch) the bus. has lived leave left has been left did join joined hoped didn’t catch Thank You $$