2024-2025学年外研版英语八年级上册期中写作技巧和训练讲义

作文写作技巧和训练 通用句式 引出话题：With the development of..., more and more people are interested in... 表达观点：In my opinion, standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the whole city. 提出建议：It's important to take some measures to protect the environment. 描述变化：Compared with the past, great changes have taken place in our daily life. 表达原因：There are several reasons for this phenomenon. 常用连词 因果关系：because, since, as, so, therefore, thus 转折关系：however, but, yet, on the other hand 并列关系：and, as well as, not only... but also... 对比关系：while, whereas, on the contrary 递进关系：furthermore, moreover, in addition 举例关系：for example, such as, namely 表达逻辑结构的短语 首先：First of all, To begin with 其次：In addition, Furthermore, Besides 最后：Lastly, Finally, In conclusion 因此：Therefore, Thus, Consequently 例如：For example, For instance, Such as 总之：In summary, In a word, To sum up 文章结构 1. 引言：简要介绍话题背景，提出文章主题。 2. 主体： 段落1：提出第一个观点或论据，举例说明。 段落2：提出第二个观点或论据，进行对比或进一步解释。 段落3：提出第三个观点或论据，总结前文或提出建议。 3. 结论：总结全文，重申观点，提出展望或号召。 范文示例： The Impact of Technology on Education With the development of technology, education has been transformed in many ways. Firstly, the integration of technology in classrooms has made learning more interactive and engaging. For instance, students can now access a wealth of information online and participate in virtual experiments that would be impossible in a traditional classroom setting. In addition, technology has enabled personalized learning, allowing students to learn at their own pace and style. This is particularly beneficial for students who may require additional support or those who excel and seek more challenging material. However, the overreliance on technology in education also poses challenges. It is essential to maintain a balance and ensure that students still develop critical thinking skills and the ability to engage in facetoface communication. In conclusion, while technology has brought about significant benefits to the field of education, it is crucial to use it as a tool to complement traditional teaching methods rather than replace them. Educators must stay vigilant to ensure that technology serves to enhance learning outcomes rather than becoming a crutch that hinders the development of essential life skills. 实战训练 《外研版八年级上册中段考作文写作训练》 一、作文题目 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 想了解你的学校生活。请你根据以下要点，用英语写一封信给他，介绍你的学校生活。 要点： 1. 学校的课程设置，你最喜欢的科目及原因。 2. 学校的课外活动，如参加社团、体育活动等。 3. 你在学校的朋友和老师。 4. 你对学校生活的感受。 要求： 1. 内容必须包括以上要点，可适当发挥。 2. 词数 80 - 100 词左右。 二、写作指导 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：简单问候并点明写信目的，即介绍自己的学校生活。 - 主体：分别从课程设置、课外活动、朋友和老师以及对学校生活的感受这几个方面进行阐述。 - 结尾：表达对笔友的期待或再次总结对学校生活的喜爱。 2. 内容具体： - 课程设置：列举一些主要科目，如语文、数学、英语、物理等，并说明最喜欢的科目及原因。例如，喜欢英语可能是因为老师教学有趣，或者可以通过英语了解不同的文化。 - 课外活动：描述参加的社团活动（如音乐社团、绘画社团等）或体育活动（如篮球、足球等），强调这些活动带来的乐趣和收获。 - 朋友和老师：介绍一两个好朋友的特点，以及老师对自己的帮助和影响。 - 感受：表达对学校生活的热爱、充实或期待等积极的情感。 3. 语言规范： - 注意语法正确，单词拼写准确。使用恰当的连接词使文章连贯，如“and”“but”“also”“because”等。 - 可以适当使用一些短语和句型来丰富文章，如“be interested in”“take part in”“not only...but also...”等。 三、英文范文 Dear Tom, How are you? I'm glad to tell you something about my school life. In my school, we have many subjects, such as Chinese, math, English, physics and so on. My favorite subject is English because our English teacher is very kind and humorous. She makes the classes lively and interesting. I can also learn about different cultures through English. There are various after-school activities in our school. I joined the music club and I really enjoy singing with my classmates. We also have sports activities. I like playing basketball. It not only helps me keep fit but also makes me learn teamwork. I have many good friends in school. They are friendly and helpful. We study and play together. And our teachers are very patient. They always encourage us to study hard. I love my school life. It is full of fun and challenges. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 《外研版八年级上册中段考作文写作训练》 一、作文题目 （一） 你的学校正在组织一场“校园文化节”，活动内容丰富多彩，包括艺术展览、音乐表演、体育比赛等。请你以“校园文化节”为主题，写一篇短文介绍这个活动，包括活动的内容、你参加的项目以及你的感受。 （二） 假如你是李明，你所在的城市正在创建“文明城市”（Civilized City）。请你根据以下要点，用英语写一篇短文描述你在创建活动中的所见所闻以及你的行动。 要点： 1. 城市的变化，如环境整洁、交通有序等。 2. 人们的文明行为，如遵守交通规则、乐于助人等。 3. 你自己为创建文明城市所做的事情。 4. 你对创建文明城市的看法和感受。 （三） 随着科技的发展，网络在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。请你以“网络对我们生活的影响”（The Influence of the Internet on Our Lives）为题，写一篇短文，谈谈网络的优点和缺点，以及你对合理使用网络的建议。 （四） 你最喜欢的动物是什么？它长什么样子？它有什么习性？你为什么喜欢它？请以“我最喜欢的动物”（My Favorite Animal）为题，写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的动物。 （五） 你的朋友邀请你参加他/她的生日派对，但你因为有其他事情不能参加。请你写一封信给他/她，表达你的歉意并说明原因，同时送上你的祝福。 （六） 健康的生活方式对我们非常重要。请你以“如何保持健康”（How to Keep Healthy）为题，写一篇短文，介绍一些保持健康的方法，如合理饮食、适量运动、良好的睡眠等。 （七） 假如你有机会去一个你从未去过的地方旅游，你会选择哪里？为什么？请以“我想去的地方”（The Place I Want to Go）为题，写一篇短文描述你想去的地方及原因。 二、写作指导 （一）“校园文化节” 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：引出“校园文化节”这个主题，简单介绍活动的背景或目的。 - 主体：详细描述活动的内容，如艺术展览中的作品类型、音乐表演的形式、体育比赛的项目等；然后说明自己参加的项目以及在参与过程中的体验和收获。 - 结尾：总结活动的意义或对自己的影响，表达对未来类似活动的期待。 2. 内容具体： - 活动内容：可以列举一些具体的艺术作品（如画作、手工艺品等）、音乐表演的节目（如唱歌、乐器演奏等）以及体育比赛的项目（如足球比赛、田径比赛等）。 - 参加项目：描述自己在项目中的表现、遇到的困难及如何克服等。 - 感受：可以谈谈通过参与活动，自己在艺术修养、团队合作、身体素质等方面的提升，以及对校园文化氛围的感受。 3. 语言规范： - 使用一些与活动相关的词汇和短语，如“exhibition”（展览）、“performance”（表演）、“competition”（比赛）、“take part in”（参加）、“have a great time”（玩得开心）等。 - 注意动词的时态，描述活动内容和自己的经历时，要根据实际情况使用正确的时态。 （二）“创建文明城市” 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：表明自己所在城市正在创建“文明城市”，总体描述一下对城市变化的感受。 - 主体：分别阐述城市的变化（环境和交通方面）、人们的文明行为示例；详细讲述自己为创建文明城市所做的具体事情，如参加志愿者活动、宣传文明行为等。 - 结尾：表达对创建文明城市的支持和对未来城市的美好展望，强调个人在创建活动中的责任和作用。 2. 内容具体： - 城市变化：可以描述街道变得更加干净整洁，垃圾桶的设置和清理情况；交通方面，红绿灯的遵守情况，车辆的停放秩序等。 - 人们的文明行为：举例说明人们在公共场所的文明举止，如排队候车、主动让座、礼貌待人等。 - 自己的行动：具体描述自己参与的活动内容、时间、地点以及取得的效果。 3. 语言规范： - 运用一些与文明城市相关的词汇，如“civilized”（文明的）、“environment”（环境）、“traffic rules”（交通规则）、“volunteer”（志愿者）等。 - 注意句子的连贯性，可以使用“for example”（例如）、“moreover”（此外）、“therefore”（因此）等连接词。 （三）“网络对我们生活的影响” 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：引出网络这个话题，说明网络在当今社会的普及程度。 - 主体：分别论述网络的优点和缺点。优点方面，如方便信息获取、促进交流、提供娱乐等；缺点可以包括网络依赖、信息安全问题、影响健康等。然后提出合理使用网络的建议，如控制上网时间、辨别信息真假、保护个人隐私等。 - 结尾：总结网络对我们生活的重要性以及正确使用网络的必要性。 2. 内容具体： - 优点：举例说明网络在学习上如何帮助我们查找资料、在线学习课程；在社交方面，如何让我们与远方的朋友和家人保持联系，通过社交媒体分享生活等；娱乐方面，如在线游戏、观看视频等。 - 缺点：可以讲述一些因过度上网导致的健康问题（如视力下降、颈椎病等），网络诈骗的案例，以及网络上虚假信息的传播等。 - 建议：具体说明如何在日常生活中落实合理使用网络的措施，如每天设定固定的上网时间，不随意在网上透露个人重要信息等。 3. 语言规范： - 使用与网络相关的词汇和短语，如“surf the Internet”（上网）、“information retrieval”（信息检索）、“online communication”（在线交流）、“cyber security”（网络安全）等。 - 注意段落之间的过渡，使文章逻辑连贯。 （四）“我最喜欢的动物” 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：直接点明自己最喜欢的动物是什么。 - 主体：描述动物的外貌特征，包括体型、颜色、毛发等；介绍它的生活习性，如饮食习惯、活动时间、栖息环境等；阐述自己喜欢它的原因，可以是它的可爱、聪明、忠诚等特点。 - 结尾：再次表达对这种动物的喜爱之情。 2. 内容具体： - 外貌：详细描述动物的各个身体部位的特点，使用具体的形容词，如“big eyes”（大眼睛）、“soft fur”（柔软的毛发）、“long tail”（长尾巴）等。 - 习性：举例说明它的食物偏好，是肉食、草食还是杂食；它的日常活动，如玩耍、休息、觅食等的方式和时间。 - 喜欢的原因：结合具体事例说明，比如它曾经给你带来的快乐回忆，或者它在某些方面表现出的独特魅力。 3. 语言规范： - 运用一些描述动物的词汇和短语，如“cute”（可爱的）、“intelligent”（聪明的）、“lively”（活泼的）、“live in”（居住在）、“feed on”（以……为食）等。 - 注意句子的多样性，可以使用不同的句式来描述动物的特点和自己的感受。 （五）“不能参加生日派对的道歉信” 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：表达对朋友的问候，然后直接说明写信的目的是为不能参加生日派对道歉。 - 主体：详细解释不能参加的原因，要真实、合理且具体。可以是因为家庭事务、学习任务、突发情况等。然后表达自己的遗憾和对朋友生日的祝福。 - 结尾：再次表示歉意，并希望朋友能够理解，期待有机会再相聚。 2. 内容具体： - 原因：如果是家庭事务，说明是什么事情，如家里有亲戚来访需要帮忙接待；学习任务方面，可以提到有重要的考试或作业需要完成；突发情况则如实描述，如突然生病等。 - 祝福：可以用一些温馨的话语祝福朋友生日快乐，如“Wish you a very happy birthday and all the best in the coming year.”（祝你生日快乐，在新的一年里一切顺利。） 3. 语言规范： - 使用礼貌用语，如“Dear...”（亲爱的……）、“I'm sorry”（对不起）、“Thank you”（谢谢你）、“Best wishes”（最美好的祝福）等。 - 注意语气要诚恳，表达出自己的歉意和对朋友的关心。 （六）“如何保持健康” 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：强调健康的重要性，引出保持健康的话题。 - 主体：分别从合理饮食、适量运动、良好的睡眠等方面介绍保持健康的方法。对于每个方面，要详细说明具体的做法和建议，如合理饮食包括多吃蔬菜水果、少吃油腻食物等；适量运动可以列举一些适合的运动项目和运动时间；良好的睡眠要提到保持规律的作息时间等。 - 结尾：总结保持健康需要综合多种方法，鼓励大家养成健康的生活习惯。 2. 内容具体： - 合理饮食：具体说明各类食物对健康的影响，如蔬菜水果富含维生素和矿物质，对身体有益；油腻食物和甜食过量摄入可能导致肥胖和其他健康问题。可以举例一些健康的食谱或饮食搭配。 - 适量运动：推荐一些常见的运动方式，如跑步、游泳、骑自行车等，并说明每周运动的次数和时间。也可以提到运动对身体各个器官和系统的好处。 - 良好的睡眠：强调规律作息的重要性，如每天早睡早起，保证充足的睡眠时间。可以分享一些有助于睡眠的方法，如睡前避免使用电子设备、保持卧室安静舒适等。 3. 语言规范： - 运用与健康相关的词汇和短语，如“balanced diet”（均衡饮食）、“regular exercise”（适量运动）、“enough sleep”（充足睡眠）、“keep fit”（保持健康）等。 - 使用祈使句来给出建议，如“Eat more vegetables and fruits.”（多吃蔬菜水果。）“Go to bed early and get up early.”（早睡早起。）等，使文章更具说服力。 （七）“我想去的地方” 1. 结构清晰： - 开头：表明自己有一个想去的地方，引起读者的兴趣。 - 主体：详细描述这个地方的地理位置、自然景观、人文特色等方面。可以提及当地著名的景点、美食、文化传统等。然后说明自己想去这个地方的原因，可能是因为对其独特的文化感兴趣，或者被美丽的自然风光所吸引等。 - 结尾：表达对未来能够去这个地方的期待和向往之情。 2. 内容具体： - 地理位置和景观：如果是一个城市，可以描述它所在的国家或地区，以及城市的特点，如沿海城市可以描述海滩、海景；山区城市可以介绍山脉、森林等自然景观。对于著名景点，要具体说明其特色和吸引力。 - 人文特色：包括当地的语言、风俗习惯、传统艺术等。可以举例说明一些独特的文化活动或节日。 - 想去的原因：结合自己的兴趣爱好或梦想来阐述，如喜欢历史文化的可以说想去了解当地的历史遗迹和文化传承；喜欢美食的可以提及对当地特色美食的向往。 3. 语言规范： - 使用一些描述地方的词汇和短语，如“location”（位置）、“scenery”（风景）、“culture”（文化）、“attractive”（有吸引力的）、“be famous for”（以……闻名）等。 - 运用生动的语言和形象的描写，让读者能够感受到这个地方的魅力。 三、英文范文 （一）“校园文化节” Dear friend, Our school recently held a wonderful Campus Culture Festival. It was really a great event that brought a lot of fun and excitement to our school life. There were various activities during the festival. The art exhibition showed a wide range of amazing works, including beautiful paintings and delicate handicrafts. The music performance was also outstanding. Students sang and played different musical instruments, filling the school with wonderful melodies. And the sports competitions were really intense, like the basketball games and track and field events. I took part in the singing competition in the music performance. At first, I was a little nervous, but with the support of my classmates and teachers, I performed well and really enjoyed the process. It not only improved my singing skills but also gave me more confidence. Through this festival, I not only had a great time but also felt a stronger sense of belonging to our school. It really enriched our campus life and provided a platform for us to show our talents and abilities. I'm looking forward to more exciting activities like this in the future. Best wishes! Yours, [Your Name] （二）“创建文明城市” Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about the changes in our city since it started to create a Civilized City. It has become more and more beautiful and harmonious. The city has changed a lot. The environment is much cleaner now. The streets are swept regularly, and there are more trash bins everywhere. The traffic has also become more orderly. People strictly follow the traffic rules, and cars park in the right places. What's more, people's civilized behaviors can be seen everywhere. They wait in line patiently when taking the bus or buying things. They are also very helpful and often offer a helping hand to those in need. As for me, I have taken part in some volunteer activities. I helped clean the streets and parks with other volunteers. I also distributed leaflets to promote civilized behaviors, such as not littering and respecting the elderly. I think creating a Civilized City is of great significance. It makes our city a better place to live and work. It also improves the quality of people's lives and promotes the progress of the city. I will continue to do my part to support this great cause. Best regards! Yours, Li Ming （三）“网络对我们生活的影响” The Internet has become an essential part of our lives. It has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, the Internet brings us a lot of convenience. We can easily access a vast amount of information for study, work and entertainment. We can search for knowledge, read news, and even take online courses. It also makes communication easier. We can keep in touch with friends and family who are far away through various social media platforms and instant messaging tools. Moreover, it provides a lot of entertainment options, such as online games, movies, and music. On the other hand, the Internet also has some negative impacts. Many people become addicted to it, spending too much time surfing the Internet and neglecting their real lives. This may lead to problems like poor eyesight, lack of exercise and social isolation. There are also issues such as information security and the spread of false information. To make good use of the Internet, we should control our online time, distinguish between true and false information, and protect our personal privacy. We should use the Internet as a tool to improve our lives and work, rather than being dominated by it. In conclusion, the Internet has a profound influence on our lives. We should make the most of its advantages and minimize its disadvantages to lead a better life in the digital age. （四）“我最喜欢的动物” My Favorite Animal My favorite animal is the panda. Pandas are very cute and lovely. They have a round body with black and white fur. Their big black eyes look like two shiny jewels, and their short tails add to their charm. Pandas mainly live in bamboo forests in China. They are herbivores and feed on bamboo. They spend most of their day eating and sleeping. They are very lazy but also very interesting to watch. I like pandas because they are not only unique and precious animals but also symbols of peace and friendship. They are national treasures of our country and are loved by people all over the world. Every time I see pictures or videos of pandas, I feel very happy. I hope that these lovely creatures can always live happily in their natural habitats and be well protected. （五）“不能参加生日派对的道歉信” Dear [Friend's Name], Hi! I hope you're doing well. I'm really sorry to tell you that I can't attend your birthday party. I have a family emergency that requires my immediate attention. My grandma suddenly fell ill and I need to stay at home to take care of her. I feel really bad about missing your special day. I wish you a very happy birthday! May all your wishes come true and you have a great year ahead. I hope you understand my situation and forgive me. I promise to make it up to you when I get the chance. Once again, happy birthday! Best regards, [Your Name] （六）“如何保持健康” How to Keep Healthy Health is very important to us. There are several ways to keep healthy. Firstly, a balanced diet is essential. We should eat more vegetables and fruits as they are rich in vitamins and minerals. We should also reduce the intake of oily and junk food. For example, we can have a bowl of salad and some fresh fruits for lunch. Secondly, regular exercise is necessary. We can choose the sports we like, such as running, swimming or cycling. It's good to exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, three to five times a week. Exercise can help us keep fit and strengthen our bodies. Finally, getting enough sleep is also crucial. We should go to bed early and get up early, usually 7 - 8 hours. In a word, keeping healthy requires us to have a good lifestyle in all aspects. We should form good eating, exercise and sleeping habits. Also, don't forget to have regular medical check-ups to monitor our health status. Only in this way can we truly enjoy a healthy and happy life. （七）“我想去的地方” The Place I Want to Go If I have a chance to travel to a place I've never been before, I would choose Paris. Paris, the capital of France, is a city full of charm and romance. It is located in the north of France. The Seine River flows through the city, adding to its elegance. The Eiffel Tower, one of the most famous landmarks in the world, stands tall and majestic, offering a breathtaking view of the city. The Louvre Museum houses countless art treasures, attracting art lovers from all over the world. The Notre-Dame Cathedral, with its magnificent architecture, is a symbol of the city's history and culture. The reason why I want to go to Paris is that I am deeply attracted by its rich culture and art. I want to stroll along the cobblestone streets, enjoy the delicious French cuisine, and experience the unique French lifestyle. I believe that being in Paris will be an unforgettable experience that will broaden my horizons and enrich my life. I am really looking forward to the day when I can set foot on this beautiful city. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$