Unit2 Success【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（北师大版选择性必修一）

Unit 2 Success Unit2 话题 成功之路 词汇 determined, optimistic, committed, disciplined, enthusiastic, ambitious, appreciative, injury, career, commitment, cooperation, employee, comfortably, symbol, ultimate, professor, dormitory, furniture, appreciate, hunger, guilty, influential, devote, production, minimum, championship, publisher, reject, contract, motivating, limit, convince, entry, academic, ruin, skip, defensive, element, intensity, countless, hire, boil, enormous, length, apart, platform, injured, outstanding, average, normal, recognised, contribute, style, retire, leadership, devotion, advanced, forwards, collapse, reference, faith, found, rejection, fashion, designer, bitterly, promotion, label, entrance, income 短语 make sense, give up, get on, drop out, devote...to..., boil down to sth, apply oneself to sth, set sb/sth apart, retire from, set up, prevent...from..., pay off, depend on 句型 1. that引导同位语从句 2. make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 3. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词 4. “would do...rather than do...”意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……” 5. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 6. “not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……” 7. 强调句型 语法 动词­ing形式 写作 人物传记 考点1. determined　adj.坚定的，坚决的；有决心的 【拓展】 (1)be determined to do sth.　 下定决心做某事(表示状态) (2)determine v. 确定；决定；下定决心 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 (3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地；果断地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The _____________(determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. (2)No matter what the professor determines ________(do), I would side with him. (3)I have determined working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.______________ 句式升级 (4)I'm determined to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it. →__________________________________ ,I'm occupied in preparing for it.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I am determined to study hard, to be a useful person to the country and to contribute to the improvement of people's lives. 我决心努力学习，做一个对国家有用的人，为改善人们的生活做出贡献。 ②Sports teach us to accept challenges and face difficulties with determination. 体育运动教会我们接受挑战，下定决心面对困难。 考点2. committed　adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的，忠诚的 [教材原句]For me, the library, as well as the courses, explains that place as the home of committed scholars. 对我来说，图书馆和学校的课程都表明，那个地方是坚定的学者们的家园。 【拓展】 (1)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事；保证(做)某事 (2)commit vt. 投入；犯(法、罪等)，干(坏事等)； 承诺；交……保留(或处理) commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；献身(做)某事 (3)commitment n． 承诺，保证；承担义务；献身 make a commitment to do/to doing sth. 答应做某事 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·江苏卷)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ______________(commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable. (2)They called on Western nations to commit more money ____ the poorest nations. 完成句子 (3)我专心致志学习英语，有良好的英语知识，因此被选为英语老师的助理。 I _______________________________________ and have a good command of English, so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher. 【经典例句】 ①The famous scientist is deeply committed to his motherland. 这位著名的科学家对祖国很忠诚。 ②I don't think I have to make such a commitment to a stranger. 我认为我没必要对一个陌生人做出那样的承诺。 考点3. ambitious　adj.有抱负的，有雄心的 [教材原句]Do not be afraid to be ambitious when you set these goals! 当你设定这些目标时，不要害怕雄心勃勃！ 【拓展】 (1)be ambitious for sth./sb.　　渴望得到某物/希望某人成功 (2)ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 the ambition to do/of doing sth.做某事的雄心 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)It had been his lifelong ambition ________________(coach) a leading team. (2)Her parents were ambitious ______ her and her brother. 句式升级 (3)As he was ambitious for success, he came to this big city. →__________________________ ,he came to this big city.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①Mothers are often highly ambitious for their children.　 母亲常常对孩子抱有很高的期望。 ②Being an excellent teacher has been her lifelong ambition.　 成为一名优秀的老师是她毕生的追求。 考点4. appreciative　adj.感激的 [教材原句](教材P107)Well, being grateful means you're always appreciative of what you have and what other people have done for you.　嗯，感恩是指你总是感激你所拥有的以及别人为你所做的一切。 【拓展】 (1)appreciate vt.　　　欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；意识到 appreciate doing sth. 愿意做某事；感激做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激 (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；评价 in appreciation of 欣赏；感激 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)I appreciate _______________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. (2)I'd appreciate if you could teach me how to make a fortune.___________________ 词汇升级 (3)Please accept this gift to appreciate all you've done for us. →Please accept this gift ___________________________ all you've done for us. 【经典例句】 I really appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 我非常感激你今天下午回电话。 [温馨提示] appreciate后接动词­ing形式作宾语，不接不定式；不能以“人”作宾语；其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句。类似用法的动词还有：like、enjoy、hate、love等。 考点5. make sense　解释得通；有意义 【拓展】 make sense of　 懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense 讲不通；毫无意义 in a sense 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense 决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) There's no/little sense (in) doing sth. 做某事(几乎)没有意义 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You are clever enough to make sense ____ the difficult article. (2)___ a sense, I think he likes being responsible for everything. 句型转换 (3)You should in no sense lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. →____________________________________ ;keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句) (4)It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. →______________________________________ that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 【经典例句】 Commitment makes no sense—so many things will change. 承诺是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。 考点6. injury　n.伤，损害 [教材原句](教材P108)Despite many injuries in his career, he always remained determined and focused. 尽管在他的职业生涯中多次受伤，他总是保持坚定和专注。 【拓展】 (1)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 (2)injure vt. 损伤；伤害 (3)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤者 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)I heard that her son _____________________(injure) in the accident. (2)The ______________(injure) were sent to the nearest hospital at once. 完成句子 (3)我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。 _____________________________________ ,I can't go with you as planned. 【经典例句】 ①Don't do that. You'll do yourself an injury. 别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。 ②I was wearing a seatbelt at that time. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured. 我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。 考点7. get on　发迹；出人头地 【拓展】 get into 陷入；染上 get away with 逃脱惩罚 get along/on with 进展；相处 get down to doing sth. 开始认真做某事 get through 通过；完成 get over 克服 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Don't be optimistic about cheating—you'll never get away _____ it. (2)The end­of­term exam is drawing near, so I really must get down to study hard._____________ 完成句子 (3)你和新同学们相处得怎么样？ How are you ____________________________________________________ ? 【经典例句】 ①Parents are always anxious for their children to get on. 父母总是急切地盼望孩子们事业有成。 ②When he got into trouble, his best friend made a commitment to help him out. 当他陷入麻烦时，他最好的朋友承诺帮他摆脱困境。 考点8. guilty　adj.内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的 【拓展】 (1)feel guilty about/at　　 对……感到内疚 be guilty of 有……过错；犯……罪 (2)guilt n. 内疚；犯罪 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)I still feel __________(guilt) about terrible things I said to my father when I was a teenager. (2)It has been confirmed that her son was guilty ___ theft. 句式升级 (3)The man was found guilty of murder，and he was condemned to death. →_____________________ the man was condemned to death.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①The couple feel guilty about their absence from their child's growing up. 这对夫妇对他们缺席孩子的成长感到内疚。 ②She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children.　 她因离开自己的孩子而感到内疚。 考点9. drop out　退出，脱离；辍学 [教材原句](教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. 杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，并且他发现只拥有一点钱就让他自由。 【拓展】 drop out of...　　　　　从……中退出 drop in drop back/behind 落在后面；后退；落伍 drop off 下降，减退 drop sb. a line 给某人写一封短信 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Why don't we just drop in ____ a bar somewhere and have a beer or two comfortably? (2)Don't drop ____________________ the others on the trail in case you get lost. 完成句子 (3)据我所知，他有可能辍学去照顾他生病的母亲。 As far as I'm aware, it's likely that he will _______________________ to attend to his sick mother. (4)他给我写了一封信，解释三天前发生的事。 He __________________________ ,explaining what had happened three days before. 【经典例句】 Would you drop in on us tomorrow evening for a chat about our cooperation? 你明晚能顺便过来和我们一起谈谈合作吗？ 考点10. devote　vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于 【拓展】 (1)devote...to...　　 把……奉献于……；致力于 devote oneself to... 献身于……；专心致力于……　 (2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的 be devoted to sth./sb. 致力于；献身于；忠诚/热爱…… (3)devotion n. 奉献；热爱；关爱；忠诚 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)We expressed our gratitude to the people __________ (devote) to protecting the ecology in the area. (2)We have learned a great deal from her ___________ (devote) to her work and her willingness to help others. (3)I still remember what you have devoted to improve my oral English and writing skills._______________ 句型转换 (4)As he is devoted to science, he seldom goes home. →___________________ science, he seldom goes home.(非谓语动词作状语) 【经典例句】 ①We should not devote any more time to persuading such a stubborn man to change his mind. 我们不应该再花时间来说服这么顽固的人改变主意。 ②The educationalist has devoted herself to caring for the young.　 这位教育家把自己的全部身心都倾注在关心年轻人上。 考点11. convince　vt.说服；使确信，使信服；使信任 [教材原句](教材P109)Mm, you've convinced me to read this book！　 嗯，你说服我读这本书了！ 【拓展】 (1)convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that... 使某人确信…… (2)convinced adj. 相信的；信服的 be convinced of/that... 深信，确信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)He convinced the police department ____________(allow) him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. (2)I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument, for you haven't offered enough _____________(convince) evidence. 句式升级 (3)He was convinced of its truth, and he felt pleased. →________________________ ,he felt pleased.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①(2021·全国卷乙)I am fully convinced that with the tips above we will become smart online learners and get the most value out of our next class. 我完全相信，通过以上提示，我们将成为聪明的在线学习者，并从下一节课中获得最大价值。 ②What the host said convinced me of the fact that I was mistaken. 主人所说的话使我确信我错了这样一个事实。 考点12. ruin　n.废墟；毁灭　vt.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋；毁坏 [教材原句](教材P36)As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.　作为一名奥运选手，我错过了生日派对，破坏了家庭节日，错过了可以外出的夜晚，但我有充分的理由放弃这么多。 【拓展】 (1)in ruins　　　　　　破败不堪；严重受损 fall/come into ruin 成为废墟，被毁掉；衰落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin oneself 自我毁灭 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)A large number of churches fell _____ ruin after the flood. (2)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced into ruins, the city took on a new look._______________ 句型转换 (3)It rained for two weeks, which completely ruined our holiday. →It rained for two weeks, ___________________________________________．(分词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been in ruins. 自从地震以来，这座寺庙就成了废墟。 ②Heavy smoking may ruin yourself, so you should give it up as soon as possible. 吸烟过量可能会毁掉你自己，因此你应该尽快戒烟。 考点13. apply oneself to sth.　专心致志于某事(to为介词)；努力 [教材原句](教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. 如果你想说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么我都会全力以赴。 【拓展】 (1)apply to...for...　向……申请…… apply to... 应用于……；与……有关 apply...to... 把……运用到……；把……涂到…… (2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请，请求；申请书；运用 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Apply yourself to _______________(study), and you will perform well in the exam. (2)I'd appreciate it if you could take my ______________(apply) into account at your convenience. 句型转换 (3)If you apply yourself to your study, you will pass your exam. →___________________________________ you will pass your exam. (祈使句＋and) →__________________________________ ,you will pass your exam.(分词作状语) 【经典例句】 The young man wanted to apply for a position in this big company. 这个年轻人想在这个大公司申请一个职位。 考点14. average　adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的 n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 [教材原句](教材P37)I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.　我宁愿有三到四年杰出的获奖经历，也不愿有十年的平庸。 【拓展】 above/below (the) average 高/低于平均水平 on (the/an) average 平均；一般地 an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词) the average of... ……的平均数 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)An average of 10 students ______(be) absent each day last term. (2)The average of daily high temperatures in Washington in January ___(be) zero degrees centigrade. 完成句子 (3)一般来说，男士比女士吸烟多。 ______________________ ,men smoke more cigarettes than women. 【经典例句】 ①(2021·浙江卷6月)Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens. 今天的孩子们平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕。 ②He is working hard and his grade is above (the) average in his class. 他学习刻苦，成绩高于班级的平均水平。 [温馨提示] “an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 考点15. recognised　adj.公认的；经过检验的 [教材原句](教材P40)Lang Ping is one of China's most recognised athletes. 郎平是中国最受认可的运动员之一。 【拓展】 (1)It is recognised that...　人们公认…… (2)recognise vt. 辨认出；承认；公认；认识；认可 recognise...as/to be... 把……看作…… (3)recognition n. 认出；认识 beyond recognition 认不出来 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)After 25 years the town centre has changed beyond __________________(recognise). (2)(2019·江苏卷)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ______________(recognise) its role in international affairs. 一句多译 我们都认为屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家。 (3)We __________________________________________ a great scientist. (4)_______________________________ Tu Youyou is a great scientist. 【经典例句】 We recognise him as/to be a hardworking and honest person.　 我们认为他是一个勤奋且诚实的人。 考点16. contribute　 vi. & vt．增进；捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿； 促成，造成 【拓展】 (1)contribute...to...　　把……捐献给……；向……投稿 contribute to 捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿 (2)contribution n.　　　　贡献；捐助 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.　 对(做)某事做出贡献 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)(2020·江苏卷)Wilson received several international awards for his great ___________________(contribute). (2)The volunteers contribute their own time ____ the project and have won people's praise. (3)We hope your suggestion will contribute solving the problem._______________________ 完成句子 (4)总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。 In conclusion, I was proud of ___________________________________________________． 【经典例句】 ①(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities. 研究表明，情感技能可能有助于提高这些品质。 ②Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund? 你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？ [温馨提示] 表示“引起、导致、有助于”的词汇还有：cause、lead to、result in、bring about、be responsible for、give rise to等。 考点17. advanced　adj.先进的，高级的；晚期的 【拓展】 advance n．& v.　　　　　 前进；促进；提前；发展 in advance 提前，预先 in advance of　　　　 预先，事先；(时间上)在……之前 make an advance/advances in 在……方面取得进步 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You can borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty ___ advance. (2)China has made great advances ___ science and technology in the past decade. 完成句子 (3)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)如果你提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。 I'd appreciate it ________________________________________________________________ . 【经典例句】 ①We had extremely advanced in our knowledge of the world. 我们对世界的认识大有长进。 ②His ideas were in advance of his times. 他的思想走在时代前列。 考点18. reference　n.查阅；参考书目；推荐信；谈到，提及 [教材原句](教材P43)Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students. 甚至在医院病床上，他还继续工作，为他的同事写推荐信并回复学生提出的问题。 【拓展】 (1)in/with reference to　 关于 for reference 以备查阅；以供参考 (2)refer v. 提到；涉及；查阅 refer to 查阅；参考；提到；指的是；关系到，涉及 refer to...as... 把……称作/当作…… refer...to... 将……送交给…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)You should refer this matter ____ the teacher who you respect most for a decision. (2)This original version will remain available as reference purposes._______ 句型转换 (3)The book he referred to is not in the library. →The book _________________________ is not in the library.(分词短语作定语) 【经典例句】 ①I have nothing to say in reference to that incident. 关于那次事故，我无可奉告。 ②They always refer to me as a bookworm. In reality, I am.　 他们总是叫我书虫。事实上，我确实是。 考点19. faith　n.相信；信任；信心；信念 [教材原句](教材P43)He had great faith in the talent of the up­and­coming generation. 他对后起之秀的才华充满信心。 【拓展】 (1)have faith in　　　 对……有信心 lose faith in 对……失去信心 (2)faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的；可信任的 be faithful to... 忠诚于…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)What I want to know is whether you have lost faith ____ the cooperation. (2)Most dogs are easier to train than cats and are very faithful ____ their owners. 完成句子 (3)这是他感谢我们对他的信任的特殊方式。 It is his special way of thanking us for ________________________________________. 【经典例句】 It is the astronaut's belief that one cannot be too faithful to one's duty.　对自己的职责再忠诚也不为过，这是这位宇航员的信仰。 考点20. that引导同位语从句 [教材原句](教材P30)There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man！　 毫无疑问，没有迹象表明杰森是一个富有且成功的人！ 【拓展】 that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如fact、hope、desire、thought、suggestion、idea、news、problem、possibility、chance、plan等之后，对前面的名词起解释说明的作用；that本身没有任何意义也不作任何成分，只是起连接词的作用，但不能省略。wh­疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，通常放在question、no idea、problem等之后。　 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The possibility ______ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. (2)We'd better accept his suggestion that we __________________(make) good use of this cooperation. 句式升级 (3)The question is still under discussion. The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product. →____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .(同位语从句) 【经典例句】 ①(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.　 科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。 ②I have no idea when the professor will be back. 我不知道教授什么时候回来。 考点21. make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [教材原句](教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.　 杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，并且他发现只拥有一点钱就让他自由。 【拓展】 在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词或形容词。在此结构中通常可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。 当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to。　 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The man spoke loudly to make himself _________(hear). (2)Mastering the technology makes that possible for us to use the Internet more effectively._______ 句型转换 (3)The police made the young boy stand against the wall. →_______________________________________________________ by the police.(被动语态) 【经典例句】 ①The news that he was appreciated by his boss made him very happy. 他被老板赏识的消息使他非常高兴。 ②He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling with him about it.　 他很固执，和他争吵是没有用的。 考点22. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词 [教材原句](教材P36)I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 【拓展】 “情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法： (1)must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定做过”，语气十分肯定；　 (2)may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。might have done还可表示“本可以做某事而实际未做”； (3)can/could have done表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定，一般用于否定句和疑问句，could　的语气较can弱。could have done还可表示“过去本来可以做的事而没做”。can't/couldn't have done表示“过去不可能做某事”，即对过去发生的事进行语气最强的否定推测； (4)should have done在语义上相当于ought to have done，表示“过去本来应该做而实际上却没有做”；shouldn't/oughtn't to have done表示“过去本来不应该做而实际上却做了”，这一用法往往含有责备的意味； (5)needn't have done表示“本来不必做而实际上却做了”。　Ｋ 【练练不忘】 完成句子 (1)他或许已经去图书馆了，但是我不确定。 He _________________________________________________________ but I am not sure. (2)他一定是受到了惩罚，因为他今天很沮丧。 He ________________________________ ,for he is upset today. (3)当时雨下得很大，他们不可能离开。 They ____________________________ ,it was raining so heavily then. (4)你本不应该拿走我的笔记本电脑，因为我要用它。 You ___________________________________________________ , for I wanted to use it. 【经典例句】 ①He should have started earlier, but he didn't. 他本应该早点出发，但是他没有。 ②You needn't have come；I have finished the work. 你没有必要来，我已经完成了这项工作。 考点23. “would do...rather than do...”意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……” [教材原句](教材P36)From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play. 我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。 【拓展】 (1)would rather do A than do B＝would do A rather than do B＝prefer to do A rather than do B＝prefer doing A to doing B意为“宁愿做A而不愿做B”； (2)rather than意为“而不是；与其……不如……；不愿”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，即“就远原则”。与之用法类似的词汇还有as well as、(together/along) with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to、apart from等； (3)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to；但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Rather than _________(write) letters, many people prefer to ____________(telephone) now. (2)He is busy preparing for a presentation rather than _____________(watch) TV. (3)What I want to stress is that you rather than I am going camping.____________ 一句多译 比起看这部乏味的电影，我宁愿待在家里。 (4)I ________________________________________________ the boring film. (5)I ________________________________________________ the boring film. (6)I ________________________________________________ the boring film. 【经典例句】 ①These shoes are comfortable and practical rather than pretty. 这些鞋子与其说漂亮，不如说舒服、实用。 ②He decided to rely on himself rather than (to) seek help from the host. 他决定依靠自己，而不是向主人寻求帮助。 考点24. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 [教材原句](教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. 如果你想说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 【拓展】 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后； (2)疑问词­ever也可引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”； (3)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever等还可引导名词性从句，此时不能用“no matter＋疑问词”替换。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)No matter ______ late it is, his mother is always waiting for him. (2)_______________ asks for advice, my niece is always ready to help. (3)_______________ I go, I see people on their cellphones messaging. 同义替换 (4)Whatever happens, I will stand by you. →_________________________ happens, I will stand by you. 【经典例句】 ①The three­year­old boy seems to be very clever and able to absorb whatever he is taught. 这个三岁的男孩看起来很聪明，似乎能掌握教给他的任何东西。 ②No matter when/Whenever he comes again, he'll be welcome.　 不管他何时再来，都会受到欢迎。 考点25. “not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……” [教材原句](教材P40)She is loved not only because of her devotion to her career, but also because of her huge influence on the sport of volleyball. 她被喜爱不仅是因为她对事业的奉献，而且因为她对排球运动的影响。 【拓展】 (1)“not only...but (also)...”连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”； (2)“not only...but (also)...”连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句需部分倒装，but (also)后的分句不倒装； (3)not only只能连用，而but (also)既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略。　 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Not only Tom but also his classmates ______(be) coming to visit museum. 句型转换 (2)I not only knew her, but also was her best friend. →________________________________ ,but I was also her best friend.(倒装句) (3)Tom and Mary as well as I are fond of the music. →__________________________________________ are fond of the music. 【经典例句】 ①You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 你可能也开始注意到这不仅对你的健康有影响，还会影响到你口袋里的钱。 ②Futurescope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. 观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人，而且是适合学生全班出游的娱乐与学习的完美结合。 考点26. 强调句型 [教材原句](教材P44)...it was this experience that helped her to succeed... ……正是这次经历帮助她成功了…… 【拓展】 (1)“It is/was...that...”结构为强调句型。强调句型通常用来强调主语、宾语或状语； (2)如果强调的是人，可以用who替换that，其他情况一律用that； (3)“not...until...”句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that... 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. (2)The patient looks much better. What is that has made him what he is today？______________ 句型转换 (3)I picked up the bag occasionally in the park last Sunday. →_________________________ I picked up the bag occasionally last Sunday.(强调地点状语) →_________________________ I picked up the bag occasionally in the park.(强调时间状语) (4)I didn't leave until he came. →______________________________________ I left.(强调加黑部分)　 【经典例句】 ①Was it five years ago that we got together last time? 我们上次相聚是在五年前吗？ ②It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 当我回到公寓时，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居们。 一．语法精讲——动词­ing形式 观察句子 ①Being successful is not easy in any field. Different people have different opinions on it. Some people think ②having enough money is important while others consider ③making great achievements is a symbol of success. As for me, I think success means ④helping those in need and understanding the true meaning of life. Success is ⑤exciting, but if you don't succeed for a while, you won't be discouraged. What you need is ⑥continuing to do your work well and waiting for the next chance. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①、②、③为动词­ing形式作主语，此时谓语动词用单数形式； 2．加黑处④为动词­ing形式作宾语； 3．加黑处⑤、⑥为动词­ing形式作表语。 语法知识精讲 一、动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，是一种比较抽象的一般的行为倾向。 ◆Reading is an art.　读书是一门艺术。 ◆Writing English novels for him is really great fun.　对他来说写英语小说真的很有趣。 2．动词­ing形式作主语有时也可以用it作形式主语，常有以下句型：It is no use/good/fun/...doing sth.; It is useful/useless doing sth.; It's a waste of time doing sth.等。 ◆It's no use talking with him. 和他说没有用。 [温馨提示] 动词­ing形式与不定式作主语时的比较：动词­ing表示的动作通常表示泛指的动作；不定式则通常表示具体的动作。 ◆Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。(泛指动作) ◆Be careful! To play with fire will be dangerous. 小心点！玩火会带来危险。(具体动作) [对点练习1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _______(carry) special significance. (2)(2019·天津卷)__________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. (3)It's no good ________________(complain) without taking action. (4)It is a waste of time ___________(try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games. (5)_____________(climb) mountains is really difficult for the old. 二、动词­ing形式作宾语 1．用动词­ing形式作宾语的动词和动词短语有：admit、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、dislike、enjoy、escape、imagine、mind、practise、risk、suggest、mention、miss、finish、keep、stand、can't help、prefer doing...to doing...、end up、feel like、be busy (in)、prevent/stop/keep...from...、devote...to、look forward to、pay attention to、be accustomed to、get down to、stick to、lead to、object to等。 ◆I suggested going to the exhibition next weekend. 我建议下周去看展览。 ◆It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim？今天天很热。你想要去游泳吗？ 2．在allow、advise、forbid、permit后直接跟动词­ing形式作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。 ◆My parents don't allow smoking in our house. 我父母不允许在家里吸烟。 ◆My parents don't allow me to smoke in our house. 我父母不允许我在家里吸烟。 3．动词need、require、want意为“需要”时，后跟动词­ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。 ◆There are other factors that need considering/to be considered, even if you are right. 即使你是对的，还有其他因素需要考虑。 4．有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记去做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记得要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力/努力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事) doing 停止做(同一件事) go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) ◆I remember turning off the lights when I went out of the lab.　我记得我走出实验室时关灯了。 ◆I remember to see your parents tomorrow. 我记得明天去看望你们的父母。 [对点练习2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)(2021·全国卷乙)Minimize the impact of ____________(visit) the place. (2)I regret ___________(tell) you that he doesn't intend to make up with you after your quarrel. (3)The amateur player is under treatment, and he is looking forward to __________(return) home. (4)The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn't permit _______________(smoke). (5)His house requires _____________________________________(repair). 三、动词­ing形式作表语 动词­ing形式作表语，表示一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置；还可表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类动词­ing形式常可看作形容词。 ◆What I am tired of is waiting here alone. (＝Waiting here alone is what I am tired of.) 我厌烦独自在这里等。 ◆His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演是非常有趣的，给我们带来很多乐趣。 [对点练习3]——完成句子 (1)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 Her job is ____________________________________________________． (2)比赛结果令人失望。 The result of the game ____________________________． 四、动词­ing的形式 1．动词­ing有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式。当动词表示的动作发生的时间不明确，或与谓语动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后时，用一般式；当动词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，常用完成式。 ◆Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do during the vacation. 比尔建议召开一次会议，讨论假期里要做什么。 ◆The Department of Education gave him a medal for having completed sixty years of teaching. 教育部因他任教60年而给他颁发了一枚奖章。 2．动词­ing有主动式(doing、having done)和被动式(being done、having been done)。 ◆He insisted on sending her to hospital. 他坚持要把她送到医院去。 ◆He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside. 他坚持要求被派到乡下工作。 [对点练习4]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention ______________________(promote) when we talked on the phone. (2)While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____________________(persuade) into buying something they don't really need. (3)She admitted _________________________________(steal) the car in the end. 二．写作精讲——人物传记 文体感知 本单元的写作任务是人物传记。人物传记主要是介绍某人的基本信息及其事迹。一般是介绍人物的童年、少年、青年、中年及老年的成长经历(包括生活、学习和工作)，末尾一般总述人物的功绩成败，也可以在记叙成长经历的同时加入一些议论。 增分佳句 1．He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. 2．He/She was born in 1911. 3．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Peking University. 4．He/She is such a learned/strongwilled person that we all admire/respect him/her. 5．He/She devoted all his/her life to the work. 6．He/She made great contributions to our country. 7．He/She was highly thought of by many people. 8．He/She will live in the hearts of us forever. 满分作文特训 写作要求 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友杰克(Jack)想要了解中国的科学家。你决定用英文向他介绍2015年获得诺贝尔医学奖的屠呦呦，她发现了青蒿素，为人类防治疟疾做出了巨大贡献。请根据以下要求，写一封回信。 内容：1.屠呦呦简介； 2．对你的影响。 要求：1.词数100左右； 2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：疟疾(malaria)；青蒿素(artemisinin) Dear Jack， _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 审题谋篇 第一步： 审题构思很关键 第二步： 补全句子雏形现 1．我很高兴知道你对中国的伟大科学家感兴趣。(be interested in) I'm glad to know that ______________________________________________________． 2．我很高兴向你介绍我最喜欢的科学家。她的名字叫屠呦呦。(more than) I ___________________________ to introduce my favorite scientist to you. Her name is Tu Youyou. 3．屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家，她把大部分时间用于寻找治疗疟疾的方法。(devote...to) Tu Youyou, a great scientist, ____________________________________________ for malaria. 4．2015年，她因发现青蒿素而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。(be awarded) In 2015, she ___________________________________________________ for discovering artemisinin. 5．青蒿素是治疗疟疾的关键。(the key to) Artemisinin ________________________________________________________ of malaria. 6．她对世界的贡献如此之大，已经成为包括我在内的许多人的偶像。(so...that...) Her contribution ____________________________________________________________________including me. 7．我受到她的故事的鼓舞，决定更加努力地学习，以实现我的梦想。(be inspired by) I ____________________________ and decided to study harder _________________________． 第三步： 句式升级造亮点 1．用定语从句改写第二步中的句2 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 2．用定语从句连接第二步中的句4和句5 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 3．用倒装句改写第二步中的句6 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 4．用分词短语作状语改写第二步中的句7 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 第四步： 过渡衔接连成篇 Dear Jack， _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua determined　adj.坚定的，坚决的；有决心的 【搭配】be determined to do sth.　 下定决心做某事(表示状态) 【联想】determination n. 决心；决定 committed　adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的，忠诚的 【搭配】be committed to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事；保证(做)某事 【联想】commitment n．承诺，保证；承担义务；献身 ambitious　adj.有抱负的，有雄心的 【搭配】be ambitious for sth./sb.　渴望得到某物/希望某人成功 【联想】)ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 appreciative　adj.感激的 【搭配】I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激 【联想】appreciation n. 欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；评价 make sense　解释得通；有意义 【搭配】make sense of　懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense 讲不通；毫无意义 in a sense 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense 决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) injury　n.伤，损害 【联想】the injured 伤者 【搭配】injured adj. 受伤的 get on　发迹；出人头地 【搭配】get into 陷入；染上 get away with 逃脱惩罚 get along/on with 进展；相处 get through 通过；完成 guilty　adj.内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的 【搭配】be guilty of有……过错；犯……罪 【联想】guilt n. 内疚；犯罪 drop out　退出，脱离；辍学 【搭配】drop out of...　　　　　从……中退出 drop back/behind 落在后面；后退；落伍 drop off 下降，减退 drop sb. a line 给某人写一封短信 devote　vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于 【搭配】devote oneself to...献身于……；专心致力于…… 【联想】devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的 convince　vt.说服；使确信，使信服；使信任 【搭配】convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 【联想】convincing adj. 令人信服的 ruin　n.废墟；毁灭　 vt.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋；毁坏 【搭配】in ruins　破败不堪；严重受损 apply oneself to sth.　专心致志于某事(to为介词)；努力 【搭配】apply to... 应用于……；与……有关 【联想】application n. 申请，请求；申请书；运用 average　adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 【搭配】on (the/an) average 平均；一般地 an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词) the average of... ……的平均数 recognised　adj.公认的；经过检验的 【搭配】It is recognised that...　人们公认…… 【联想】recognition n. 认出；认识 contribute　 vi. & vt．增进；捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿； 促成，造成 【搭配】contribute to 捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿 【联想】contribution n.　贡献；捐助 1.A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm. 无论何事，只要对它有无限的热情你就能取得成功。 2.There are no secrets to success. It is the result of full preparation, hard work and learning from failure. 成功没有秘诀，只是充分准备、辛勤付出和吸取失败教训之后的必然结果。 3.Along with success comes a reputation for wisdom. 伴随成功的是智慧的闻名遐迩。 4.I might say that success depends on three things: effort, more effort, still more effort. 可以说成功取决于三件事：努力、努力、再努力。 5.I succeeded because I willed it, I never hesitated. 我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。 6.Never be unduly elated by victory or depressed by defeat. 胜不骄，败不馁。 7.Success covers a multitude of blunders. 成功由大量的失误铸就。 8.Success often depends upon knowing how long it will take to succeed. 成功常常取决于知道需要多久才能成功。 9.The success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.　成功就是好好工作而不计较名利。 10.You have to believe in yourself.That's the secret of success. 人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。 11.There is only one success—to be able to spend your life in your own way. 成功只有一个——能以自己的方式度过人生。 12.Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. 意志、工作和等待是成功的金字塔的基石。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Success Unit2 话题 成功之路 词汇 determined, optimistic, committed, disciplined, enthusiastic, ambitious, appreciative, injury, career, commitment, cooperation, employee, comfortably, symbol, ultimate, professor, dormitory, furniture, appreciate, hunger, guilty, influential, devote, production, minimum, championship, publisher, reject, contract, motivating, limit, convince, entry, academic, ruin, skip, defensive, element, intensity, countless, hire, boil, enormous, length, apart, platform, injured, outstanding, average, normal, recognised, contribute, style, retire, leadership, devotion, advanced, forwards, collapse, reference, faith, found, rejection, fashion, designer, bitterly, promotion, label, entrance, income 短语 make sense, give up, get on, drop out, devote...to..., boil down to sth, apply oneself to sth, set sb/sth apart, retire from, set up, prevent...from..., pay off, depend on 句型 1. that引导同位语从句 2. make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 3. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词 4. “would do...rather than do...”意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……” 5. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 6. “not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……” 7. 强调句型 语法 动词­ing形式 写作 人物传记 考点1. determined　adj.坚定的，坚决的；有决心的 【拓展】 (1)be determined to do sth.　 下定决心做某事(表示状态) (2)determine v. 确定；决定；下定决心 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 (3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地；果断地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The determined(determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. (2)No matter what the professor determines to__do(do), I would side with him. (3)I have determined working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.在determined后加on/upon 句式升级 (4)I'm determined to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it. →Determined__to__perform__well__in__the__final__exam,__I'm occupied in preparing for it.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I am determined to study hard, to be a useful person to the country and to contribute to the improvement of people's lives. 我决心努力学习，做一个对国家有用的人，为改善人们的生活做出贡献。 ②Sports teach us to accept challenges and face difficulties with determination. 体育运动教会我们接受挑战，下定决心面对困难。 考点2. committed　adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的，忠诚的 [教材原句]For me, the library, as well as the courses, explains that place as the home of committed scholars. 对我来说，图书馆和学校的课程都表明，那个地方是坚定的学者们的家园。 【拓展】 (1)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事；保证(做)某事 (2)commit vt. 投入；犯(法、罪等)，干(坏事等)； 承诺；交……保留(或处理) commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；献身(做)某事 (3)commitment n． 承诺，保证；承担义务；献身 make a commitment to do/to doing sth. 答应做某事 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·江苏卷)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment(commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable. (2)They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations. 完成句子 (3)我专心致志学习英语，有良好的英语知识，因此被选为英语老师的助理。 I commit__myself__to__learning/learn__English and have a good command of English, so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher. 【经典例句】 ①The famous scientist is deeply committed to his motherland. 这位著名的科学家对祖国很忠诚。 ②I don't think I have to make such a commitment to a stranger. 我认为我没必要对一个陌生人做出那样的承诺。 考点3. ambitious　adj.有抱负的，有雄心的 [教材原句]Do not be afraid to be ambitious when you set these goals! 当你设定这些目标时，不要害怕雄心勃勃！ 【拓展】 (1)be ambitious for sth./sb.　　渴望得到某物/希望某人成功 (2)ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 the ambition to do/of doing sth.做某事的雄心 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)It had been his lifelong ambition to__coach(coach) a leading team. (2)Her parents were ambitious for her and her brother. 句式升级 (3)As he was ambitious for success, he came to this big city. →Ambitious__for__success,__he came to this big city.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①Mothers are often highly ambitious for their children.　 母亲常常对孩子抱有很高的期望。 ②Being an excellent teacher has been her lifelong ambition.　 成为一名优秀的老师是她毕生的追求。 考点4. appreciative　adj.感激的 [教材原句](教材P107)Well, being grateful means you're always appreciative of what you have and what other people have done for you.　嗯，感恩是指你总是感激你所拥有的以及别人为你所做的一切。 【拓展】 (1)appreciate vt.　　　欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；意识到 appreciate doing sth. 愿意做某事；感激做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激 (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；评价 in appreciation of 欣赏；感激 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)I appreciate being__given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. (2)I'd appreciate if you could teach me how to make a fortune.在appreciate后加it 词汇升级 (3)Please accept this gift to appreciate all you've done for us. →Please accept this gift in__appreciation__of all you've done for us. 【经典例句】 I really appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 我非常感激你今天下午回电话。 [温馨提示] appreciate后接动词­ing形式作宾语，不接不定式；不能以“人”作宾语；其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句。类似用法的动词还有：like、enjoy、hate、love等。 考点5. make sense　解释得通；有意义 【拓展】 make sense of　 懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense 讲不通；毫无意义 in a sense 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense 决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) There's no/little sense (in) doing sth. 做某事(几乎)没有意义 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You are clever enough to make sense of the difficult article. (2)In a sense, I think he likes being responsible for everything. 句型转换 (3)You should in no sense lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. →In__no__sense__should__you__lose__heart;__keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句) (4)It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. →There__is__no__sense__(in)__buying that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 【经典例句】 Commitment makes no sense—so many things will change. 承诺是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。 考点6. injury　n.伤，损害 [教材原句](教材P108)Despite many injuries in his career, he always remained determined and focused. 尽管在他的职业生涯中多次受伤，他总是保持坚定和专注。 【拓展】 (1)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 (2)injure vt. 损伤；伤害 (3)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤者 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)I heard that her son was__injured(injure) in the accident. (2)The injured(injure) were sent to the nearest hospital at once. 完成句子 (3)我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。 With__my__left__foot__seriously__injured,__I can't go with you as planned. 【经典例句】 ①Don't do that. You'll do yourself an injury. 别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。 ②I was wearing a seatbelt at that time. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured. 我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。 考点7. get on　发迹；出人头地 【拓展】 get into 陷入；染上 get away with 逃脱惩罚 get along/on with 进展；相处 get down to doing sth. 开始认真做某事 get through 通过；完成 get over 克服 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Don't be optimistic about cheating—you'll never get away with it. (2)The end­of­term exam is drawing near, so I really must get down to study hard.study→studying 完成句子 (3)你和新同学们相处得怎么样？ How are you getting__along/on__with__your__new__classmates? 【经典例句】 ①Parents are always anxious for their children to get on. 父母总是急切地盼望孩子们事业有成。 ②When he got into trouble, his best friend made a commitment to help him out. 当他陷入麻烦时，他最好的朋友承诺帮他摆脱困境。 考点8. guilty　adj.内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的 【拓展】 (1)feel guilty about/at　　 对……感到内疚 be guilty of 有……过错；犯……罪 (2)guilt n. 内疚；犯罪 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)I still feel guilty(guilt) about terrible things I said to my father when I was a teenager. (2)It has been confirmed that her son was guilty of theft. 句式升级 (3)The man was found guilty of murder，and he was condemned to death. →Guilty__of__murder,__the man was condemned to death.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①The couple feel guilty about their absence from their child's growing up. 这对夫妇对他们缺席孩子的成长感到内疚。 ②She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children.　 她因离开自己的孩子而感到内疚。 考点9. drop out　退出，脱离；辍学 [教材原句](教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. 杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，并且他发现只拥有一点钱就让他自由。 【拓展】 drop out of...　　　　　从……中退出 drop in drop back/behind 落在后面；后退；落伍 drop off 下降，减退 drop sb. a line 给某人写一封短信 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Why don't we just drop in at a bar somewhere and have a beer or two comfortably? (2)Don't drop back/behind the others on the trail in case you get lost. 完成句子 (3)据我所知，他有可能辍学去照顾他生病的母亲。 As far as I'm aware, it's likely that he will drop__out__of__school to attend to his sick mother. (4)他给我写了一封信，解释三天前发生的事。 He dropped__me__a__line,__explaining what had happened three days before. 【经典例句】 Would you drop in on us tomorrow evening for a chat about our cooperation? 你明晚能顺便过来和我们一起谈谈合作吗？ 考点10. devote　vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于 【拓展】 (1)devote...to...　　 把……奉献于……；致力于 devote oneself to... 献身于……；专心致力于……　 (2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的 be devoted to sth./sb. 致力于；献身于；忠诚/热爱…… (3)devotion n. 奉献；热爱；关爱；忠诚 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)We expressed our gratitude to the people devoted (devote) to protecting the ecology in the area. (2)We have learned a great deal from her devotion (devote) to her work and her willingness to help others. (3)I still remember what you have devoted to improve my oral English and writing skills.improve→improving 句型转换 (4)As he is devoted to science, he seldom goes home. →Devoted__to science, he seldom goes home.(非谓语动词作状语) 【经典例句】 ①We should not devote any more time to persuading such a stubborn man to change his mind. 我们不应该再花时间来说服这么顽固的人改变主意。 ②The educationalist has devoted herself to caring for the young.　 这位教育家把自己的全部身心都倾注在关心年轻人上。 考点11. convince　vt.说服；使确信，使信服；使信任 [教材原句](教材P109)Mm, you've convinced me to read this book！　 嗯，你说服我读这本书了！ 【拓展】 (1)convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that... 使某人确信…… (2)convinced adj. 相信的；信服的 be convinced of/that... 深信，确信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)He convinced the police department to__allow(allow) him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. (2)I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument, for you haven't offered enough convincing(convince) evidence. 句式升级 (3)He was convinced of its truth, and he felt pleased. →Convinced__of__its__truth,__he felt pleased.(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①(2021·全国卷乙)I am fully convinced that with the tips above we will become smart online learners and get the most value out of our next class. 我完全相信，通过以上提示，我们将成为聪明的在线学习者，并从下一节课中获得最大价值。 ②What the host said convinced me of the fact that I was mistaken. 主人所说的话使我确信我错了这样一个事实。 考点12. ruin　n.废墟；毁灭　vt.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋；毁坏 [教材原句](教材P36)As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.　作为一名奥运选手，我错过了生日派对，破坏了家庭节日，错过了可以外出的夜晚，但我有充分的理由放弃这么多。 【拓展】 (1)in ruins　　　　　　破败不堪；严重受损 fall/come into ruin 成为废墟，被毁掉；衰落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin oneself 自我毁灭 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)A large number of churches fell into ruin after the flood. (2)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced into ruins, the city took on a new look.into→to 句型转换 (3)It rained for two weeks, which completely ruined our holiday. →It rained for two weeks, completely__ruining__our__holiday．(分词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been in ruins. 自从地震以来，这座寺庙就成了废墟。 ②Heavy smoking may ruin yourself, so you should give it up as soon as possible. 吸烟过量可能会毁掉你自己，因此你应该尽快戒烟。 考点13. apply oneself to sth.　专心致志于某事(to为介词)；努力 [教材原句](教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. 如果你想说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么我都会全力以赴。 【拓展】 (1)apply to...for...　向……申请…… apply to... 应用于……；与……有关 apply...to... 把……运用到……；把……涂到…… (2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请，请求；申请书；运用 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Apply yourself to studying(study), and you will perform well in the exam. (2)I'd appreciate it if you could take my application(apply) into account at your convenience. 句型转换 (3)If you apply yourself to your study, you will pass your exam. →Apply__yourself__to__your__study__and you will pass your exam. (祈使句＋and) →Applying__yourself__to__your__study,__you will pass your exam.(分词作状语) 【经典例句】 The young man wanted to apply for a position in this big company. 这个年轻人想在这个大公司申请一个职位。 考点14. average　adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的 n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 [教材原句](教材P37)I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.　我宁愿有三到四年杰出的获奖经历，也不愿有十年的平庸。 【拓展】 above/below (the) average 高/低于平均水平 on (the/an) average 平均；一般地 an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词) the average of... ……的平均数 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)An average of 10 students were(be) absent each day last term. (2)The average of daily high temperatures in Washington in January is(be) zero degrees centigrade. 完成句子 (3)一般来说，男士比女士吸烟多。 On__(the/an)__average,__men smoke more cigarettes than women. 【经典例句】 ①(2021·浙江卷6月)Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens. 今天的孩子们平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕。 ②He is working hard and his grade is above (the) average in his class. 他学习刻苦，成绩高于班级的平均水平。 [温馨提示] “an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 考点15. recognised　adj.公认的；经过检验的 [教材原句](教材P40)Lang Ping is one of China's most recognised athletes. 郎平是中国最受认可的运动员之一。 【拓展】 (1)It is recognised that...　人们公认…… (2)recognise vt. 辨认出；承认；公认；认识；认可 recognise...as/to be... 把……看作…… (3)recognition n. 认出；认识 beyond recognition 认不出来 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)After 25 years the town centre has changed beyond recognition(recognise). (2)(2019·江苏卷)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognising(recognise) its role in international affairs. 一句多译 我们都认为屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家。 (3)We all__recognise__Tu__Youyou__as/to__be a great scientist. (4)It__is__recognised__that Tu Youyou is a great scientist. 【经典例句】 We recognise him as/to be a hardworking and honest person.　 我们认为他是一个勤奋且诚实的人。 考点16. contribute　 vi. & vt．增进；捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿； 促成，造成 【拓展】 (1)contribute...to...　　把……捐献给……；向……投稿 contribute to 捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿 (2)contribution n.　　　　贡献；捐助 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.　 对(做)某事做出贡献 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)(2020·江苏卷)Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions(contribute). (2)The volunteers contribute their own time to the project and have won people's praise. (3)We hope your suggestion will contribute solving the problem.在solving前加to 完成句子 (4)总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。 In conclusion, I was proud of making__great__contributions__to__spreading__Chinese__culture． 【经典例句】 ①(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities. 研究表明，情感技能可能有助于提高这些品质。 ②Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund? 你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？ [温馨提示] 表示“引起、导致、有助于”的词汇还有：cause、lead to、result in、bring about、be responsible for、give rise to等。 考点17. advanced　adj.先进的，高级的；晚期的 【拓展】 advance n．& v.　　　　　 前进；促进；提前；发展 in advance 提前，预先 in advance of　　　　 预先，事先；(时间上)在……之前 make an advance/advances in 在……方面取得进步 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You can borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance. (2)China has made great advances in science and technology in the past decade. 完成句子 (3)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)如果你提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。 I'd appreciate it if__you__let__me__know__whether__you__are__available__or__not__in__advance 【经典例句】 ①We had extremely advanced in our knowledge of the world. 我们对世界的认识大有长进。 ②His ideas were in advance of his times. 他的思想走在时代前列。 考点18. reference　n.查阅；参考书目；推荐信；谈到，提及 [教材原句](教材P43)Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students. 甚至在医院病床上，他还继续工作，为他的同事写推荐信并回复学生提出的问题。 【拓展】 (1)in/with reference to　 关于 for reference 以备查阅；以供参考 (2)refer v. 提到；涉及；查阅 refer to 查阅；参考；提到；指的是；关系到，涉及 refer to...as... 把……称作/当作…… refer...to... 将……送交给…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)You should refer this matter to the teacher who you respect most for a decision. (2)This original version will remain available as reference purposes.as→for 句型转换 (3)The book he referred to is not in the library. →The book referred__to__by__him is not in the library.(分词短语作定语) 【经典例句】 ①I have nothing to say in reference to that incident. 关于那次事故，我无可奉告。 ②They always refer to me as a bookworm. In reality, I am.　 他们总是叫我书虫。事实上，我确实是。 考点19. faith　n.相信；信任；信心；信念 [教材原句](教材P43)He had great faith in the talent of the up­and­coming generation. 他对后起之秀的才华充满信心。 【拓展】 (1)have faith in　　　 对……有信心 lose faith in 对……失去信心 (2)faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的；可信任的 be faithful to... 忠诚于…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)What I want to know is whether you have lost faith in the cooperation. (2)Most dogs are easier to train than cats and are very faithful to their owners. 完成句子 (3)这是他感谢我们对他的信任的特殊方式。 It is his special way of thanking us for the__faith__we__had__in__him. 【经典例句】 It is the astronaut's belief that one cannot be too faithful to one's duty.　对自己的职责再忠诚也不为过，这是这位宇航员的信仰。 考点20. that引导同位语从句 [教材原句](教材P30)There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man！　 毫无疑问，没有迹象表明杰森是一个富有且成功的人！ 【拓展】 that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如fact、hope、desire、thought、suggestion、idea、news、problem、possibility、chance、plan等之后，对前面的名词起解释说明的作用；that本身没有任何意义也不作任何成分，只是起连接词的作用，但不能省略。wh­疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，通常放在question、no idea、problem等之后。　 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. (2)We'd better accept his suggestion that we (should)__make(make) good use of this cooperation. 句式升级 (3)The question is still under discussion. The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product. →The__question__whether__we__can__reduce__the__cost__of__the__product__is__still__under__discussion.(同位语从句) 【经典例句】 ①(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.　 科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。 ②I have no idea when the professor will be back. 我不知道教授什么时候回来。 考点21. make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [教材原句](教材P31)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.　 杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，并且他发现只拥有一点钱就让他自由。 【拓展】 在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词或形容词。在此结构中通常可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。 当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to。　 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The man spoke loudly to make himself heard(hear). (2)Mastering the technology makes that possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.that→it 句型转换 (3)The police made the young boy stand against the wall. →The__young__boy__was__made__to__stand__against__the__wall by the police.(被动语态) 【经典例句】 ①The news that he was appreciated by his boss made him very happy. 他被老板赏识的消息使他非常高兴。 ②He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling with him about it.　 他很固执，和他争吵是没有用的。 考点22. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词 [教材原句](教材P36)I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 【拓展】 “情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法： (1)must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定做过”，语气十分肯定；　 (2)may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。might have done还可表示“本可以做某事而实际未做”； (3)can/could have done表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定，一般用于否定句和疑问句，could　的语气较can弱。could have done还可表示“过去本来可以做的事而没做”。can't/couldn't have done表示“过去不可能做某事”，即对过去发生的事进行语气最强的否定推测； (4)should have done在语义上相当于ought to have done，表示“过去本来应该做而实际上却没有做”；shouldn't/oughtn't to have done表示“过去本来不应该做而实际上却做了”，这一用法往往含有责备的意味； (5)needn't have done表示“本来不必做而实际上却做了”。　Ｋ 【练练不忘】 完成句子 (1)他或许已经去图书馆了，但是我不确定。 He may/might__have__gone__to__the__library but I am not sure. (2)他一定是受到了惩罚，因为他今天很沮丧。 He must__have__been__punished,__for he is upset today. (3)当时雨下得很大，他们不可能离开。 They can't__have__left;__it was raining so heavily then. (4)你本不应该拿走我的笔记本电脑，因为我要用它。 You shouldn't/oughtn't__to__have__taken__away__my__laptop,__for I wanted to use it. 【经典例句】 ①He should have started earlier, but he didn't. 他本应该早点出发，但是他没有。 ②You needn't have come；I have finished the work. 你没有必要来，我已经完成了这项工作。 考点23. “would do...rather than do...”意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……” [教材原句](教材P36)From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play. 我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。 【拓展】 (1)would rather do A than do B＝would do A rather than do B＝prefer to do A rather than do B＝prefer doing A to doing B意为“宁愿做A而不愿做B”； (2)rather than意为“而不是；与其……不如……；不愿”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，即“就远原则”。与之用法类似的词汇还有as well as、(together/along) with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to、apart from等； (3)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to；但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Rather than write(write) letters, many people prefer to telephone(telephone) now. (2)He is busy preparing for a presentation rather than watching(watch) TV. (3)What I want to stress is that you rather than I am going camping.am→are 一句多译 比起看这部乏味的电影，我宁愿待在家里。 (4)I prefer__to__stay__at__home__rather__than__watch/see the boring film. (5)I would__rather__stay__at__home__than__watch/see the boring film. (6)I would__stay__at__home__rather__than__watch/see the boring film. 【经典例句】 ①These shoes are comfortable and practical rather than pretty. 这些鞋子与其说漂亮，不如说舒服、实用。 ②He decided to rely on himself rather than (to) seek help from the host. 他决定依靠自己，而不是向主人寻求帮助。 考点24. “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 [教材原句](教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. 如果你想说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 【拓展】 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后； (2)疑问词­ever也可引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”； (3)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever等还可引导名词性从句，此时不能用“no matter＋疑问词”替换。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)No matter how late it is, his mother is always waiting for him. (2)Whoever asks for advice, my niece is always ready to help. (3)Wherever I go, I see people on their cellphones messaging. 同义替换 (4)Whatever happens, I will stand by you. →No__matter__what happens, I will stand by you. 【经典例句】 ①The three­year­old boy seems to be very clever and able to absorb whatever he is taught. 这个三岁的男孩看起来很聪明，似乎能掌握教给他的任何东西。 ②No matter when/Whenever he comes again, he'll be welcome.　 不管他何时再来，都会受到欢迎。 考点25. “not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……” [教材原句](教材P40)She is loved not only because of her devotion to her career, but also because of her huge influence on the sport of volleyball. 她被喜爱不仅是因为她对事业的奉献，而且因为她对排球运动的影响。 【拓展】 (1)“not only...but (also)...”连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”； (2)“not only...but (also)...”连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句需部分倒装，but (also)后的分句不倒装； (3)not only只能连用，而but (also)既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略。　 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Not only Tom but also his classmates are(be) coming to visit museum. 句型转换 (2)I not only knew her, but also was her best friend. →Not__only__did__I__know__her,__but I was also her best friend.(倒装句) (3)Tom and Mary as well as I are fond of the music. →Not__only__I__but__also__Tom__and__Mary are fond of the music. 【经典例句】 ①You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 你可能也开始注意到这不仅对你的健康有影响，还会影响到你口袋里的钱。 ②Futurescope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. 观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人，而且是适合学生全班出游的娱乐与学习的完美结合。 考点26. 强调句型 [教材原句](教材P44)...it was this experience that helped her to succeed... ……正是这次经历帮助她成功了…… 【拓展】 (1)“It is/was...that...”结构为强调句型。强调句型通常用来强调主语、宾语或状语； (2)如果强调的是人，可以用who替换that，其他情况一律用that； (3)“not...until...”句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that... 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat. (2)The patient looks much better. What is that has made him what he is today？在is后加it 句型转换 (3)I picked up the bag occasionally in the park last Sunday. →It__was__in__the__park__that I picked up the bag occasionally last Sunday.(强调地点状语) →It__was__last__Sunday__that I picked up the bag occasionally in the park.(强调时间状语) (4)I didn't leave until he came. →It__was__not__until__he__came__that I left.(强调加黑部分)　 【经典例句】 ①Was it five years ago that we got together last time? 我们上次相聚是在五年前吗？ ②It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 当我回到公寓时，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居们。 一．语法精讲——动词­ing形式 观察句子 ①Being successful is not easy in any field. Different people have different opinions on it. Some people think ②having enough money is important while others consider ③making great achievements is a symbol of success. As for me, I think success means ④helping those in need and understanding the true meaning of life. Success is ⑤exciting, but if you don't succeed for a while, you won't be discouraged. What you need is ⑥continuing to do your work well and waiting for the next chance. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①、②、③为动词­ing形式作主语，此时谓语动词用单数形式； 2．加黑处④为动词­ing形式作宾语； 3．加黑处⑤、⑥为动词­ing形式作表语。 语法知识精讲 一、动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，是一种比较抽象的一般的行为倾向。 ◆Reading is an art.　读书是一门艺术。 ◆Writing English novels for him is really great fun.　对他来说写英语小说真的很有趣。 2．动词­ing形式作主语有时也可以用it作形式主语，常有以下句型：It is no use/good/fun/...doing sth.; It is useful/useless doing sth.; It's a waste of time doing sth.等。 ◆It's no use talking with him. 和他说没有用。 [温馨提示] 动词­ing形式与不定式作主语时的比较：动词­ing表示的动作通常表示泛指的动作；不定式则通常表示具体的动作。 ◆Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。(泛指动作) ◆Be careful! To play with fire will be dangerous. 小心点！玩火会带来危险。(具体动作) [对点练习1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 　(1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries(carry) special significance. (2)(2019·天津卷)Learning(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. (3)It's no good complaining(complain) without taking action. (4)It is a waste of time trying(try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games. (5)Climbing(climb) mountains is really difficult for the old. 二、动词­ing形式作宾语 1．用动词­ing形式作宾语的动词和动词短语有：admit、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、dislike、enjoy、escape、imagine、mind、practise、risk、suggest、mention、miss、finish、keep、stand、can't help、prefer doing...to doing...、end up、feel like、be busy (in)、prevent/stop/keep...from...、devote...to、look forward to、pay attention to、be accustomed to、get down to、stick to、lead to、object to等。 ◆I suggested going to the exhibition next weekend. 我建议下周去看展览。 ◆It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim？今天天很热。你想要去游泳吗？ 2．在allow、advise、forbid、permit后直接跟动词­ing形式作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。 ◆My parents don't allow smoking in our house. 我父母不允许在家里吸烟。 ◆My parents don't allow me to smoke in our house. 我父母不允许我在家里吸烟。 3．动词need、require、want意为“需要”时，后跟动词­ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。 ◆There are other factors that need considering/to be considered, even if you are right. 即使你是对的，还有其他因素需要考虑。 4．有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记去做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记得要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力/努力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事) doing 停止做(同一件事) go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) ◆I remember turning off the lights when I went out of the lab.　我记得我走出实验室时关灯了。 ◆I remember to see your parents tomorrow. 我记得明天去看望你们的父母。 [对点练习2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)(2021·全国卷乙)Minimize the impact of visiting(visit) the place. (2)I regret to__tell(tell) you that he doesn't intend to make up with you after your quarrel. (3)The amateur player is under treatment, and he is looking forward to returning(return) home. (4)The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn't permit smoking(smoke). (5)His house requires to__be__repaired/repairing(repair). 三、动词­ing形式作表语 动词­ing形式作表语，表示一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置；还可表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类动词­ing形式常可看作形容词。 ◆What I am tired of is waiting here alone. (＝Waiting here alone is what I am tired of.) 我厌烦独自在这里等。 ◆His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演是非常有趣的，给我们带来很多乐趣。 [对点练习3]——完成句子 (1)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 Her job is keeping__the__lecture__hall__as__clean__as__possible． (2)比赛结果令人失望。 The result of the game was__disappointing． 四、动词­ing的形式 1．动词­ing有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式。当动词表示的动作发生的时间不明确，或与谓语动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后时，用一般式；当动词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，常用完成式。 ◆Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do during the vacation. 比尔建议召开一次会议，讨论假期里要做什么。 ◆The Department of Education gave him a medal for having completed sixty years of teaching. 教育部因他任教60年而给他颁发了一枚奖章。 2．动词­ing有主动式(doing、having done)和被动式(being done、having been done)。 ◆He insisted on sending her to hospital. 他坚持要把她送到医院去。 ◆He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside. 他坚持要求被派到乡下工作。 [对点练习4]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 　(1)I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention having__been__promoted(promote) when we talked on the phone. (2)While shopping, people sometimes can't help being__persuaded(persuade) into buying something they don't really need. (3)She admitted stealing/having__stolen(steal) the car in the end. 二．写作精讲——人物传记 文体感知 本单元的写作任务是人物传记。人物传记主要是介绍某人的基本信息及其事迹。一般是介绍人物的童年、少年、青年、中年及老年的成长经历(包括生活、学习和工作)，末尾一般总述人物的功绩成败，也可以在记叙成长经历的同时加入一些议论。 增分佳句 1．He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. 2．He/She was born in 1911. 3．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Peking University. 4．He/She is such a learned/strongwilled person that we all admire/respect him/her. 5．He/She devoted all his/her life to the work. 6．He/She made great contributions to our country. 7．He/She was highly thought of by many people. 8．He/She will live in the hearts of us forever. 满分作文特训 写作要求 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友杰克(Jack)想要了解中国的科学家。你决定用英文向他介绍2015年获得诺贝尔医学奖的屠呦呦，她发现了青蒿素，为人类防治疟疾做出了巨大贡献。请根据以下要求，写一封回信。 内容：1.屠呦呦简介； 2．对你的影响。 要求：1.词数100左右； 2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：疟疾(malaria)；青蒿素(artemisinin) Dear Jack， _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 审题谋篇 第一步： 审题构思很关键 第二步： 补全句子雏形现 1．我很高兴知道你对中国的伟大科学家感兴趣。(be interested in) I'm glad to know that you__are__interested__in__Chinese__great__scientists． 2．我很高兴向你介绍我最喜欢的科学家。她的名字叫屠呦呦。(more than) I am__more__than__happy to introduce my favorite scientist to you. Her name is Tu Youyou. 3．屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家，她把大部分时间用于寻找治疗疟疾的方法。(devote...to) Tu Youyou, a great scientist, devoted__most__of__her__time__to__finding__the__cure for malaria. 4．2015年，她因发现青蒿素而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。(be awarded) In 2015, she was__awarded__the__Nobel__Prize__in__Physiology__or__Medicine for discovering artemisinin. 5．青蒿素是治疗疟疾的关键。(the key to) Artemisinin is__the__key__to__the__treatment of malaria. 6．她对世界的贡献如此之大，已经成为包括我在内的许多人的偶像。(so...that...) Her contribution is__so__great__to__the__world__that__she__has__become__an__idol__of__many__people,__including me. 7．我受到她的故事的鼓舞，决定更加努力地学习，以实现我的梦想。(be inspired by) I was__inspired__by__her__story and decided to study harder so__as__to__realize__my__dream． 第三步： 句式升级造亮点 1．用定语从句改写第二步中的句2 I__am__more__than__happy__to__introduce__my__favorite__scientist__to__you,__whose__name__is__Tu__Youyou. 2．用定语从句连接第二步中的句4和句5 In__2015,__she__was__awarded__the__Nobel__Prize__in__Physiology__or__Medicine__for__discovering__artemisinin,__which__is__the__key__to__the__treatment__of__malaria. 3．用倒装句改写第二步中的句6 So__great__is__her__contribution__to__the__world__that__she__has__become__an__idol__of__many__people,__including__me. 4．用分词短语作状语改写第二步中的句7 Inspired__by__her__story,__I__decided__to__study__harder__so__as__to__realize__my__dream. 第四步： 过渡衔接连成篇 Dear Jack， _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua One possible version： Dear__Jack， I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese great scientists. I am more than happy to introduce my favorite scientist to you, whose name is Tu Youyou. Tu Youyou, a great scientist, devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria. In 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin, which is the key to the treatment of malaria. So great is her contribution to the world that she has become an idol of many people, including me. Inspired by her story, I decided to study harder so as to realize my dream. I hope her story can also have a positive effect on you. Yours， Li__Hua determined　adj.坚定的，坚决的；有决心的 【搭配】be determined to do sth.　 下定决心做某事(表示状态) 【联想】determination n. 决心；决定 committed　adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的，忠诚的 【搭配】be committed to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事；保证(做)某事 【联想】commitment n．承诺，保证；承担义务；献身 ambitious　adj.有抱负的，有雄心的 【搭配】be ambitious for sth./sb.　渴望得到某物/希望某人成功 【联想】)ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 appreciative　adj.感激的 【搭配】I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激 【联想】appreciation n. 欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；评价 make sense　解释得通；有意义 【搭配】make sense of　懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense 讲不通；毫无意义 in a sense 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense 决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) injury　n.伤，损害 【联想】the injured 伤者 【搭配】injured adj. 受伤的 get on　发迹；出人头地 【搭配】get into 陷入；染上 get away with 逃脱惩罚 get along/on with 进展；相处 get through 通过；完成 guilty　adj.内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的 【搭配】be guilty of有……过错；犯……罪 【联想】guilt n. 内疚；犯罪 drop out　退出，脱离；辍学 【搭配】drop out of...　　　　　从……中退出 drop back/behind 落在后面；后退；落伍 drop off 下降，减退 drop sb. a line 给某人写一封短信 devote　vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于 【搭配】devote oneself to...献身于……；专心致力于…… 【联想】devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的 convince　vt.说服；使确信，使信服；使信任 【搭配】convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 【联想】convincing adj. 令人信服的 ruin　n.废墟；毁灭　 vt.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋；毁坏 【搭配】in ruins　破败不堪；严重受损 apply oneself to sth.　专心致志于某事(to为介词)；努力 【搭配】apply to... 应用于……；与……有关 【联想】application n. 申请，请求；申请书；运用 average　adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均数；平均水平 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 【搭配】on (the/an) average 平均；一般地 an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词) the average of... ……的平均数 recognised　adj.公认的；经过检验的 【搭配】It is recognised that...　人们公认…… 【联想】recognition n. 认出；认识 contribute　 vi. & vt．增进；捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿； 促成，造成 【搭配】contribute to 捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿 【联想】contribution n.　贡献；捐助 1.A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm. 无论何事，只要对它有无限的热情你就能取得成功。 2.There are no secrets to success. It is the result of full preparation, hard work and learning from failure. 成功没有秘诀，只是充分准备、辛勤付出和吸取失败教训之后的必然结果。 3.Along with success comes a reputation for wisdom. 伴随成功的是智慧的闻名遐迩。 4.I might say that success depends on three things: effort, more effort, still more effort. 可以说成功取决于三件事：努力、努力、再努力。 5.I succeeded because I willed it, I never hesitated. 我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。 6.Never be unduly elated by victory or depressed by defeat. 胜不骄，败不馁。 7.Success covers a multitude of blunders. 成功由大量的失误铸就。 8.Success often depends upon knowing how long it will take to succeed. 成功常常取决于知道需要多久才能成功。 9.The success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.　成功就是好好工作而不计较名利。 10.You have to believe in yourself.That's the secret of success. 人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。 11.There is only one success—to be able to spend your life in your own way. 成功只有一个——能以自己的方式度过人生。 12.Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. 意志、工作和等待是成功的金字塔的基石。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$