Unit3 Conservation【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（北师大版选择性必修一）

Unit 3 Conservation Unit3 话题 环境保护 词汇 conservation, destroy, plastic, item, recycle, unrecyclable, informative, threat, switch, illegally, hunt, extinct, incredibly, urgent, species, unusual, mass, varied, decrease, blame, affect, endangered, solar, hatch, restore, packaging, consumer, wasteful, wrap, transportation, dirt, realistic, innovative, refillable, aware, collection, anxious, reusable, chopsticks, council, stuck, jam, annoyed, anger, decade, gas, cancer, relate, regular, suit, essay, organic, involve, institute, billion, opponent, cruel, instance, claim, chemical, drug, sum, committee, temple, memorial, carve, valley, scenic, historic, thunderstorm, typhoon, agricultural, Atlantic 短语 have a role, do one’s part, die out, wipe out, be to blame, be at risk, set out, traffic jam, stressed out, be related to, for instance, sum up 句型 1. 倍数表达法 2. while表示对比，意为“然而，却” 3. as引导原因状语从句 语法 限制性和非限制性定语从句 写作 观点对比类议论文 考点1. threat　n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 [教材原句](教材P110)After the lecture, I can see that the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet. 讲座结束后，我发现石油和煤炭的使用是对我们星球最大的威胁之一。 【拓展】 (1)a threat to sb./sth.　　　对……的威胁 (2)threaten v. 威胁；恐吓 threaten sb.with... 用……威胁某人 threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事 (3)threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat ____ agriculture. (2)Walking alone in the darkness, the little girl felt ___________ by the ____________ surroundings.(threat) 句式升级 (3)The student was threatened by a street gang，and he told the truth to his teacher bravely. →__________________________________ ,the student told the truth to his teacher bravely.(过去分词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 There's no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless threatened with its life. 没有一种已知的蛇会习惯性地攻击人类，除非它受到生命的威胁。 考点2. switch　vi.& vt.转换，改变　n．开关；改变 [教材原句](教材P110)We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible. 我们确实需要尽快切换到不同形式的电力。 【拓展】 switch off　　　关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) switch on 打开；开始运行 switch over 转变；转换；换台 switch to 切换到；转到 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)We were in the middle lane and I became aware of an SUV coming up directly behind us at speed. At the last moment, it switched ___ the right­hand lane. (2)Switch off if you don't like the programme.____________ 完成句子 (3)出门前记得关灯。 Remember to _________________________________ before going out. 【经典例句】 ①Where is the switch of this machine in this room? 这个房间的这个机器的开关在哪？ ②(2020·天津卷7月) He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect，and switches it on. 他抽出一个特别的装置，对准犯罪嫌疑人，打开开关。 考点3. have a role　起某种作用 [教材原句](教材P110)We all have a role to play in protecting the environment. 在保护环境方面，我们都可以发挥作用。 【拓展】 play a role in...＝play a part in... 在……中扮演一个角色；在……中起作用 play the part/role of... 扮演……的角色 take an active part in... 积极参加…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)In the film, he will play the role ___ a policeman. (2)English plays an important part ___ our daily life and I like it so much that I want to be a teacher of English. 完成句子 (3)动物灭绝的原因有很多，但最重要的是人类所起的作用。 There are many reasons for animals dying out, but the most important one is the part ____________________________． 【经典例句】 ①As we all know, computers have an important role in modern society. 众所周知，计算机在现代社会中起着重要的作用。 ②She takes an active part in mass activities held by school.　 她积极参加学校举行的大量活动。 考点4. urgent　adj.紧急的，急迫的 【拓展】 (1)in urgent need of　急需 (2)urge vt.　　　　　催促；极力主张；驱策 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 urge sth. on sb. 向某人强调某事 urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动 (3)urgency n. 紧急；压迫；紧急的事；催促 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)I have an urge ____________(help) people out when they're in trouble. (2)Parents should actively urge their children ___________(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. (3)It is strongly urged that the library kept open during the vacation.___________________ 一句多译 当地政府敦促这几家工厂试验这些机器人。 (4)The local government urged ________________________________________________． (5)The local government urged ________________________________________________． 【经典例句】 ①The people in the earthquake­stricken area are in urgent need of food, medicine and shelters. 地震灾区的人们急需食物、药品和住所。 ②The central government urges the importance of safety in production on local mines. 中央政府向当地煤矿强调安全生产的重要性。 考点5. mass　adj.大量的；大规模的　n.团，块，堆；大量；群众；质量 [教材原句](教材P52)These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species. 这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。 【拓展】 in the mass　　　总体上；大体上 a mass of/masses of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词大量的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)A mass of information ____________________________________(reveal) already. (2)So far, masses of books ___________________________________(hand) out. 完成句子 (3)她说她从总体上讲不喜欢孩子。 She says she doesn't like children ___________________． 【经典例句】 ①The masses are often the makers of history. 群众往往是历史的创造者。 ②After harvest we will have a mass of rice. 秋收后，我们将收获大量的稻谷。 考点6. varied　adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 [教材原句](教材P52)The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因是多种多样的。 【拓展】 (1)variety n.　　品种，种类；变化，多样化 a variety of/varieties of　各种各样的 (2)vary v. 改变；变化；不同 vary from...to...　由……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary with 随……而变化 (3)various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The prices of some goods vary _______ the season, as is often the case. (2)A variety of approaches ________________________(use) to test the theory so far. (3)Experts say that the variety of things provided to choose from are one of the reasons to shopping too much._____________ 完成句子 (4)对于保护，每个人意见不一。 Opinions on conservation __________________________________． 【经典例句】 ①Visit the palace and its varied historic gardens, which include the famous maze where it is easy to get lost! (你可以)参观宫殿和各种历史上有名的(皇家)花园，花园中有著名的迷宫，在那里(游客)容易迷路！ ②The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements. 这家旅馆为客人提供各种各样的娱乐活动。 [温馨提示] “a variety of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；“the variety of＋可数名词复数”意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 考点7. decrease　n.减少；减少的量　vi.& vt.减少，降低 【拓展】 (1)decrease by...　　　减少了…… decrease to... 减少到…… decrease in... 在……(方面)减少；降低 (2)on the decrease 在减少 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)We have no idea when the housing prices will decrease ____ the level we can afford. (2)There has been __ decrease in our imports over the years. 同义替换 (3)The number of such people is decreasing now, which shows that people are becoming more reasonable. →The number of such people is ______________________ now, which shows that people are becoming more reasonable. 【经典例句】 ①(2021·浙江卷1月)What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity? 是什么导致了澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少？ ②By the end of the study, that percentage had decreased by half, to 45 percent. 到研究结束时，这一比例下降了一半，降至45%。 考点8. blame　vt.责怪，指责　n．过失；责备 【拓展】 be to blame (for sth.)　(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Many children are afraid of being blamed _____ making mistakes in speaking English. (2)It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that was ____________(blame) for the death of so many innocent people. 一句多译 他把失败归咎于他的父母。 (3)______________________________________________________ . (4)______________________________________________________ . (5)______________________________________________________ . 【经典例句】 ①Some social app companies were to blame because they didn't check their users' registration seriously. 一些开发社交应用程序的公司应该受责备，因为他们对用户的注册信息审核不够严格。 ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock. 很多人发现早上很难起床，并把这归咎于闹钟。 考点9. die out　绝迹，灭绝；消失；熄灭 [教材原句](教材P52)Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 【拓展】 die away　　　　 (声音、光等)逐渐减弱；逐渐消失 die of/from... 死于…… die down 逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡 die off 相继死去 be dying for/to do... 渴望…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)His father died ____ starvation during the war. (2)The applause died __________________ and the actors were able to continue. 完成句子 (3)他渴望回到他的祖国。 He ___________________________________________________． (4)如果暴风雪不停息，牛就会相继死去。 If the snowstorm doesn't blow over, _______________________________________． 【经典例句】 The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的声音渐渐消失在远方。 考点10. affect　vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 [教材原句](教材P53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 【拓展】 (1)be affected by　　　被……感动；被……影响/侵袭 be affected with high fever 发高烧 affect sb.to tears 把某人感动得流泪 (2)affection n. 喜爱；爱慕 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Affected ______ high fever, he continued with his work. (2)Hearing the news, she was affected _______ tears. 句式升级 (3)He was affected by the failure in the exam and lost heart. →_________________________________________ ,he lost heart.(过去分词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his informative speech. 出席会议的大多数人都被他有教育意义的演讲感动了。 ②She tried to ensure her affection was equally shared among all three children. 她努力确保三个孩子平等地分享她的爱。 考点11. be at risk　处境危险，受到威胁 [教材原句](教材P53)Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然，因为我们人类依赖那么多物种才能生存，所以我们也将处于灭绝的危险中。 【拓展】 (1)take risks/a risk　　　冒险 take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事 at the risk of... 冒着……风险 (2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk __________(lose) the good opportunity. (2)He was determined to do it even at the risk of _________________________(laugh) at. 一句多译 他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。 (3)He was praised because he _____________________________________________________． (4)He was praised because he _____________________________________________________． (5)He was praised because he _____________________________________________________． 【经典例句】 Your health might be at risk due to much smoking. 由于吸烟太多，你的健康可能受到威胁。 考点12. endangered　adj.濒危的 [教材原句](教材P53)For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. 例如，我们要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物能被保护的特殊区域。 【拓展】 (1)endanger v.　　　使遭危险；危及；危害 (2)in danger 有危险的；在危险中 out of danger 脱离危险 a danger to 对……有危险；对……是危险的人/物 in danger of 处于……危险之中 (3)dangerous adj. 危险的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The boy is at risk because a __________________(danger) tiger is running after him. (2)Police said the man was a danger of the public._______ 完成句子 (3)要是他继续这样下去，他就有被公司开除的危险。 If he carries on like this, he's ________________________________________ by the company. 【经典例句】 With the help of the man, the little girl is out of danger. 在这个男人的帮助下，这个小女孩脱离了危险。 考点13. set out　n.开始做某事，着手进行 【拓展】 set aside　　将……放在一边；为……节省/留出(钱或时间)；不理会；宣布……无效，撤销 set off 动身；出发；引爆(炸弹)；引发 set up 建立；竖立 set down 写下；放下；记下 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set ________ for a college education. (2)(2019·北京卷)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set _____ her business AilieCandy. 同义替换 (3)The new government must set out to find solutions to the country's economic problems. →The new government must __________________ solutions to the country's economic problems. 【经典例句】 ①We set out to find the truth behind the mystery. 我们开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。 ②The designer would always set down new ideas that occurred to him. 这个设计师过去常常会记下他突然想起的新主意。 考点14. aware　adj.意识到的；知道的，明白的 【拓展】 (1)be/become aware of 　知道，明白；意识到…… be/become aware that... 知道……；意识到…… as far as I'm aware 据我所知 (2)awareness n. 知道；意识 raise/strengthen one's awareness of... 提高/增强某人的……意识 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Everybody should be made aware ____ the risks involved. (2)It is important that the students develop an _______________(aware) of contributing to our country. 句型转换 (3)Though we are aware of his honesty, we still don't want to leave the matter to him. →Though _____________________________ ,we still don't want to leave the matter to him. 【经典例句】 ①People around the world should be aware of the importance of wildlife conservation. 全世界人民都应该意识到野生生物保护的重要性。 ②As far as I'm aware，the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worthy of being watched. 据我所知，音乐节的开幕式非常值得一看。 [温馨提示] aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of，不要想当然地用about或to。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well、fully、very much、much等修饰，但不能用very。 考点15. anxious　adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的 [教材原句](教材P111)I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment. 当我想到我们对环境产生的影响时我就感到焦虑。 【拓展】 (1)be anxious to do sth.　急于做某事 be anxious about sb./sth. 担心/忧虑某人/某事 be anxious for sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 be anxious that...(should) do... 急切希望…… (2)anxiety n. 忧虑，担心；渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)He was anxious _______ his family，who were travelling abroad. (2)We waited ______ anxiety for our examination results. (3)She was very anxious that her son should be succeed._____________________________ 句式升级 (4)She looked at her sick child and was very anxious. →She looked at her sick child, __________________．(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①The woman was anxious for the publisher to leave her office. 这个女人非常希望这个出版商离开她的办公室。 ②(2020·浙江卷7月) We are really concerned and anxious to learn about your updates. 我们真的很关心也很想知道你的近况。 考点16. annoyed　adj.烦恼的，恼火的，生气的 [教材原句](经典例句)She was so annoyed that she could no longer contain her anger and shouted at her husband. 她气得再也控制不住自己的怒火，对着丈夫大喊大叫。 【拓展】 (1)be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事而生气 be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 (2)annoy vt. 使……不悦；惹恼；打扰 (3)annoyance n. 恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事 to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 (4)annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) Who hasn't received an email so __________(annoy) that it ruined an entire day? (2)The manager was annoyed _______ me because I made a big mistake in my work. 一句多译 他发现他们没有等他，他感到十分恼火。 (3)____________________________ ,he found they hadn't waited for him.(annoyance) (4)______________________________ he found they hadn't waited for him.(what引导的主语从句) (5)____________________________ he found they hadn't waited for him.(it作形式主语) 【经典例句】 ①I am extremely annoyed at the way he always stares at me. 我对他总是盯着我看的样子非常恼火。 ②It never annoys me to see him getting ahead of me. 看见他领先于我，我从来没有心里不痛快。 考点17. stressed out　焦虑的 [教材原句](教材P58)How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry? 又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？ 【拓展】 (1)stress n.　　　　　压力；重音；重要性 vt. 加压力于；使紧张；强调 lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事；给某物压力 under stress 在压力下 (2)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的 stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The students in China often feel __________(stress) when facing so many exams. (2)We all know that nowadays most students are ________ great stress. 句式升级 (3)Our teacher often stresses the importance of a good education. →Our teacher often _________________________ a good education.(stress n．) →_____________________________________ is the importance of a good education.(what引导的主语从句) 【经典例句】 For most of the girls, it is a stressful job. 对于大部分女孩子来说，这是一份压力大的工作。 考点18. relate　vi.相联系，有关联；涉及；认同　vt.叙述，使……有联系 【拓展】 (1)relate...to...　把……和……联系起来 relate to 涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解 (2)related adj. 　有关的；相关的 be related to 有关系的；有关联的 (3)relation n. 关系；联系；亲属 in relation to 关于；与……相比 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Your statement doesn't relate well ____ the facts, so most of us are against it. (2)Deeply __________ to the matters, he has to answer all the ___________ questions.(relate) 词汇升级 (3)I have nothing to say about that matter. →I have nothing to say ________________________ that matter. 【经典例句】 ①Health problems are related to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼有关。 ②It is difficult to relate his argument to the facts. 很难把他的论点与事实联系起来。 考点19. suit　vt.适合；使适宜　n．一套外衣；套装 [教材原句](教材P59)Do whichever of these things that suit you. 做任何适合你的事情。 【拓展】 (1)suit sb.(fine)　　　　合某人的意；对某人很合适 suit sth. to sb./sth. 使某物适合某人/某物 (2)suitable adj. 适合的，适宜的 be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)This film is _________________(suit) for people of all ages to watch. (2)The young man tried to suit his performance for the audience._________ 一句多译 这个节目少儿不宜，应该删去。 (3)__________________________________________________ and should be deleted.(suitable) (4)__________________________________________________ and should be deleted.(suit) 【经典例句】 ①If you want to go by train, that suits me fine. 你要是想坐火车去，那很合我意。 ②These clothes are not suitable to wear on formal occasions. 这些衣服不适合在正式的场合穿。 考点20. involve　vt.包含，需要；牵涉，涉及；使参加(卷入) 【拓展】 (1)involve sb.in (doing) sth. 使某人卷入(做)某事 involve doing... 包括做某事；参与做某事 (2)involved adj. 有关的；卷入的；复杂的 be/get involved in 参与；卷入；专注于…… be/get involved with 涉及；与……有关 (3)involvement n. 连累；牵连；卷入 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)We'll make our decision and contact the people _________________(involve). (2)Tom found a job as a high school teacher which involved on spending quite a lot of time with students._____________ 一句多译 学生应积极参与可以从中获取社会交往经验的课外活动。 (3)Students should _____________________________ after­class activities where they can gain experience for social communication. (4)Students should ______________________________ after­class activities where they can gain experience for social communication. 【经典例句】 ①Parents should involve themselves in their children's education.　 父母应当参与孩子的教育。 ②He's smart enough to know that if he gets involved with that crowd, he will be in trouble. 他很聪明，他知道如果自己和那群人混在一起，他会有麻烦的。 考点21. cruel　adj.残忍的 【拓展】 (1)be cruel to　　　　　　　 对……残忍 It is cruel of sb.to do... 某人做……真残忍。 (2)cruelty n. 残忍 (3)cruelly adv. 残忍地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The man was sentenced to six years in prison for treating his parents _____________(cruel). (2)Some people won't eat meat because they think it is cruel ___ animals. 句式升级 (3)The boys were cruel to kick the dog. →______________________________ to kick the dog.(it作形式主语) 【经典例句】 ①She didn't intend to go home because her father was cruel to her. 她不打算回家因为她的父亲对她很残忍。 ②Cruelty to children or animals is a crime in many countries. 在许多国家，虐待儿童或动物是犯罪行为。 考点22. claim　vt.要求；声称；断言；主张；认领；索取 n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 [教材原句](教材P62)People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress. 为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。 【拓展】 (1)claim to do...　　　　　　 声称做…… It is claimed that... 据称…… (2)make a claim 声称；断言 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The program claims _________(let) children “Learn from Classics, Act in Practice”． (2)They made ___ claim on the insurance company for the stolen luggage. 句式升级 (3)Some people claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. →____________________________ surfing the Internet is a waste of time.(it作形式主语) 【经典例句】 ①He is modest and doesn't claim to be an expert. 他很谦虚，不敢自称为专家。 ②She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered. 她向公司索赔因受伤导致的损失。 考点23. scenic　adj.景色优美的 [教材原句](经典例句)This scenic spot attracts tens of thousands of tourists every year. 这个景点每年都会吸引好几万的游客。 【拓展】 scene n.　　　　　　　　　(戏剧的)一场；场面；景色；现场；事发地点 on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上 behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中 appear/come on the scene 出场；登场 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Nine people died ___ the scene and one more person died in hospital in the plane crash. (2)The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene when a traffic accident happened._____________________ 完成句子 (3)没有人知道他是如何被谋杀的，但很多幕后人士都能猜出原因。 Nobody knows how he was murdered, but a good many people ____________________ can guess why. 【经典例句】 ①The team's victory produced scenes of joy all over the country. 球队的胜利使举国上下出现一派欢乐的场面。 ②Things haven't been the same since the new teacher came on the scene. 自从新老师到来后事情就不一样了。 [温馨提示] scene作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where或in which来引导。 考点24. 倍数表达法 [教材原句](教材P53)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 【拓展】 倍数的表达法： (1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as... (2)倍数＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than... (3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width...＋of... (4)倍数＋what从句 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The new bridge is three times the _________(wide) of the wooden one. (2)The price of the house this year is twice as what it was last year.__________ 一句多译 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。 (3)This table is three times __________________________． (4)This table is three times __________________________． 【经典例句】 ①He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.　 他现在挣的钱比十年前多5倍。 ②This hill is four times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。 考点25. while表示对比，意为“然而，却” [教材原句](教材P59)Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. 一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆小汽车。 【拓展】 (1)while用作并列连词时，表示对比、转折，意为“然而，却”。 (2)while用作从属连词时，主要分为以下情况： ①引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”，句中的动词要用延续性动词； ②引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句常置于主句之前。 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中while的含义 (1)While I find the designer a little annoying, I often help him out.______________ (2)My sister is working hard while my brother has dropped out._________ (3)The boy made some good friends while studying in France._________ 句式升级 (4)While I was reading this passage, I picked up no more than several mistakes. →___________________________ ,I picked up no more than several mistakes.(省略句) 【经典例句】 ①Tom is very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless. 汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟却无可救药。 ②We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.　 趁着现在还年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获取更多的知识。 考点26. as引导原因状语从句 [教材原句](教材P62)As factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high. 因为工厂化农场用工人不多，所以成本低，产量高。 【拓展】 as作从属连词的用法总结： (1)引导原因状语从句时，表示“因为，由于”。 (2)引导时间状语从句时，表示“当……的时候；随着……；一边……一边……”。 (3)引导方式状语从句时，表示“按照，如，像”。 (4)引导让步状语从句时，表示“虽然，尽管”，但要把表语、状语或谓语动词提到从句前。 (5)引导比较状语从句时，表示“像……一样地”。 (6)引导定语从句时，表示“正如”，常放于主语之前。 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中as的含义 (1)The consumer smiled politely as the boss apologized for his carelessness._________________ (2)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired.____________ (3)As he was so busy, he had no time to play with his children._______________ (4)You'd better do as the teacher has told you.________ 句型转换 (5)It is known to us all that the mountain is home to a wide range of wild animals. →______________________________ ,the mountain is home to a wide range of wild animals.(as引导定语从句) →_______________________________ is that the mountain is home to a wide range of wild animals.(what引导主语从句) 【经典例句】 ①As the world's population continues to grow, the supply of food becomes a growing concern. 随着世界人口持续增长，粮食的供应成了人们越来越关心的事情。 ②He did not need to keep moving house, as his father had.　 他不用像他父亲那样不停地搬家了。 一．语法精讲——限制性和非限制性定语从句 观察句子 Lucy, ①whose father is our English teacher, is a lovely girl ②that/who is loved by us all. She is also warm­hearted and helps those ③who are less fortunate. Yesterday, she went to the bookstore ④where she often buys books. On her way, she found a little boy ⑤who/that was crying. He said he got separated with his mother, ⑥who was busy buying vegetables. So Lucy comforted the boy and accompanied him until his mother found them, ⑦which made both of them grateful to her. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①、⑥、⑦为非限制性定语从句，加黑处②、③、④、⑤为限制性定语从句。 2．加黑处④为关系副词引导的定语从句，其他加黑处为关系代词引导的定语从句。 3．加黑处⑦的先行词是整个主句内容 语法知识精讲 一、定语从句的种类 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 1．限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which、as；关系副词有where、when、why。 ◆This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.　这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 ◆The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy's English teacher. 在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。 2．非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。 ◆He is English, which I know from his accent. 他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。 ◆I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth. 我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。 [对点练习1]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2021·浙江卷1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _____________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. (2)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (3)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thank you for your letter, __________ really made me happy. (4)(2020·天津卷7月)Dr.Rowan, _______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (5)(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free. 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较 1．形式不同 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句往往用逗号与主句隔开。 ◆Here is the man who has been punished by the boss. 这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句) ◆The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion. 这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句) 2．先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。 ◆This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel) ◆The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看过的那部小说非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是novel) ◆The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited. 那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句) 3．关系词的使用情况不同 (1)that、why不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，指物时要用which代替that，指原因时要用for which代替why。 ◆Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.　 大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。 ◆I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind. 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 ①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。 ◆This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句) ◆The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。(非限制性定语从句) ②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导。但在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。 ◆She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher. 她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。 ◆This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago. 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句) ◆The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near. 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句) [对点练习2]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)He has two sons, ______ work in the same company. (2)The man ___________ is walking in the playground is my old friend. (3)There is no simpler answer, ___________ is often the case in science. (4)Tom was late for school again and again, _______ made his teacher angry. (5)Do you know the reason ______ he wasn't successful? 二．写作精讲——观点对比类议论文 文体感知 开篇要引入话题：文章的开头用简练的语言自然引入要讨论的话题。 中间分述观点： 文章的主体部分对人们持有的不同观点进行客观的介绍。有时为了达到层次分明的效果，可采用“总括句＋观点1＋观点2”的“总——分”模式。 结尾简述个人看法： 在文章的结尾根据写作的实际需要可简要、恰当地发表个人的看法。 这类文章常分四段进行论述： 第一段——说明辩论的主题； 第二段——介绍正方的观点及其理由； 第三段——介绍反方的观点及其理由； 第四段——陈述自己的观点。 (有时也可以分为三段：第一段说明辩论的主题；第二段表明正方和反方的观点及理由；第三段表明作者自己的观点。) 增分佳句 一、介绍讨论的主题(开头句)： 1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to... 2．We've had a survey on... 3．I'm writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about... 二、过渡句： 1．Opinions are divided on this issue. 2．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 3．Different people, however, have different opinions/think quite differently on this matter. 三、介绍正方观点及其理由： 1．45% of the students hold the view that....For one thing，...For another thing，... 2．60% of the students are for the idea. 四、介绍反方观点及其理由： On the contrary/However/As the old saying goes，each coin has two sides.Nearly half of the students think that... 五、介绍自己的观点： As far as I'm concerned/In my opinion/From my point of view，... 满分作文特训 写作要求 目前，一些诸如“内卷”“破防”“yyds”等网络语言在青少年中极为流行，并出现在家庭作业、报告， 甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited？为题发表自己的观点，根据提示用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。 支持者观点 反对者观点 1.网络语言生动、时尚； 2．网络语言充满幽默与智慧； 3．网络语言使网上聊天更快捷 1.网络语言缺乏思想性，太简单； 2．没有被大部分人理解和接受； 3．过多使用会使人不解，甚至误解 审题谋篇 第一步： 审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．关于网络语言，人们的看法不同。 ____________________________________ on Internet Slang. 2．此外，它能使网上聊天更快捷。(make＋宾语＋宾补)　 Besides, it ____________________________________________________． 3．网络语言有时会使人不解。(make＋宾语＋宾补) Internet Slang sometimes might _____________________________________． 4．它有时甚至会导致误解。(result in) It may even __________________________________. 5．如果不懂网络语言，我们就好像落后于时代了。(v.­ing形式作状语) ________________________________________ ,we seem to fall behind the times. 6．只要在适当的情况下正确使用这些术语就可以了。(as long as) It will be OK ________________________________________________ in proper situations. 第三步： 句式升级造亮点 1．用分词短语作状语连接第二步中的句3和句4 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 2．把第二步中的句5改为复合句 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 第四步： 过渡衔接连成篇 _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ threat　n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 【搭配】a threat to sb./sth.　　　对……的威胁 【联想】threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 switch　vi.& vt.转换，改变　n．开关；改变 【搭配】switch off　　　关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) switch on 打开；开始运行 switch over 转变；转换；换台 switch to 切换到；转到 have a role　起某种作用 【搭配】play a role in...＝play a part in... 在……中扮演一个角色；在……中起作用 play the part/role of... 扮演……的角色 take an active part in... 积极参加…… urgent　adj.紧急的，急迫的 【搭配】urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 【联想】)urge vt.　催促；极力主张；驱策 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 mass　adj.大量的；大规模的　n.团，块，堆；大量；群众；质量 【搭配】in the mass　总体上；大体上 a mass of/masses of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词大量的 varied　adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 【联想】a variety of/varieties of　各种各样的 【搭配】various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 decrease　n.减少；减少的量　 vi.& vt.减少，降低 【搭配】decrease by...　减少了…… on the decrease 在减少 blame　vt.责怪，指责　n．过失；责备 【搭配】be to blame (for sth.)　(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 die out　绝迹，灭绝；消失；熄灭 【搭配】die away　　　(声音、光等)逐渐减弱；逐渐消失 die down 逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡 die off 相继死去 affect　vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 【搭配】be affected by　　被……感动；被……影响/侵袭 【联想】affection n. 喜爱；爱慕 be at risk　处境危险，受到威胁 【搭配】take risks/a risk　　　冒险 at the risk of... 冒着……风险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 endangered　adj.濒危的 【搭配】in danger 有危险的；在危险中 out of danger 脱离危险 【联想】dangerous adj. 危险的 set out　n.开始做某事，着手进行 【搭配】set aside　　　将……放在一边；为……节省/留出(钱或时间)；不理会；宣布……无效，撤销 set off 动身；出发；引爆(炸弹)；引发 set up 建立；竖立 aware　adj.意识到的；知道的，明白的 【搭配】be/become aware of 　知道，明白；意识到…… 【联想】awareness n. 知道；意识 anxious　adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的 【搭配】be anxious about sb./sth.担心/忧虑某人/某事 【联想】anxiety n. 忧虑，担心；渴望 annoyed　adj.烦恼的，恼火的，生气的 【搭配】be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 【联想】annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的 stressed out　焦虑的 【搭配】lay/place/put stress on sth.强调某事；给某物压力 【联想】stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的 relate　vi.相联系，有关联；涉及；认同　vt.叙述，使……有联系 【搭配】be related to有关系的；有关联的 【联想】relation n. 关系；联系；亲属 suit　vt.适合；使适宜　n．一套外衣；套装 【搭配】be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物 【联想】suitable adj. 适合的，适宜的 involve　vt.包含，需要；牵涉，涉及；使参加(卷入) 【搭配】involve doing...包括做某事；参与做某事 【联想】involved adj. 有关的；卷入的；复杂的 cruel　adj.残忍的 【搭配】be cruel to　　　对……残忍 【联想】cruelly adv. 残忍地 claim　vt.要求；声称；断言；主张；认领；索取 n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 【搭配】claim to do...　　　　　　 声称做…… It is claimed that... 据称…… make a claim 声称；断言 1.Green is always accompanied by life, and environment is closely related to health. 绿色与生命时时相伴，环境与健康息息相关。 2.Advocate green consumption and build a green home. 倡导绿色消费，建设绿色家园。 3.Let the green coexist with us! 让绿色与我们共存！ 4.Reverence for nature, reverence for life. 尊崇自然，敬畏生命。 5.Protecting the environment is of great significance to human health. 保护环境对人类健康意义重大。 6.Green hills clear my eyes and water clean my ears. 青山清我目，流水净我耳。 7.Under the blue sky, love a home. 同在蓝天下，共爱一个家。 8.To protect the environment is to cherish life. 保护环境就是珍爱生命。 9.Keep the environment clean, so it will stay green. 环境整洁，永葆绿色。 10.Care for the Earth, and we have our health. 关爱地球，健康有保障。 11.Protecting the environment is every man's responsibility. 保护环境是每一个人的责任。 12.We don't have a society if we destroy the environment. 如果我们破坏环境，社会也就不复存在。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Conservation Unit3 话题 环境保护 词汇 conservation, destroy, plastic, item, recycle, unrecyclable, informative, threat, switch, illegally, hunt, extinct, incredibly, urgent, species, unusual, mass, varied, decrease, blame, affect, endangered, solar, hatch, restore, packaging, consumer, wasteful, wrap, transportation, dirt, realistic, innovative, refillable, aware, collection, anxious, reusable, chopsticks, council, stuck, jam, annoyed, anger, decade, gas, cancer, relate, regular, suit, essay, organic, involve, institute, billion, opponent, cruel, instance, claim, chemical, drug, sum, committee, temple, memorial, carve, valley, scenic, historic, thunderstorm, typhoon, agricultural, Atlantic 短语 have a role, do one’s part, die out, wipe out, be to blame, be at risk, set out, traffic jam, stressed out, be related to, for instance, sum up 句型 1. 倍数表达法 2. while表示对比，意为“然而，却” 3. as引导原因状语从句 语法 限制性和非限制性定语从句 写作 观点对比类议论文 考点1. threat　n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 [教材原句](教材P110)After the lecture, I can see that the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet. 讲座结束后，我发现石油和煤炭的使用是对我们星球最大的威胁之一。 【拓展】 (1)a threat to sb./sth.　　　对……的威胁 (2)threaten v. 威胁；恐吓 threaten sb.with... 用……威胁某人 threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事 (3)threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. (2)Walking alone in the darkness, the little girl felt threatened by the threatening surroundings.(threat) 句式升级 (3)The student was threatened by a street gang，and he told the truth to his teacher bravely. →Threatened__by__a__street__gang,__the student told the truth to his teacher bravely.(过去分词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 There's no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless threatened with its life. 没有一种已知的蛇会习惯性地攻击人类，除非它受到生命的威胁。 考点2. switch　vi.& vt.转换，改变　n．开关；改变 [教材原句](教材P110)We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible. 我们确实需要尽快切换到不同形式的电力。 【拓展】 switch off　　　关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) switch on 打开；开始运行 switch over 转变；转换；换台 switch to 切换到；转到 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)We were in the middle lane and I became aware of an SUV coming up directly behind us at speed. At the last moment, it switched to the right­hand lane. (2)Switch off if you don't like the programme.off→over 完成句子 (3)出门前记得关灯。 Remember to switch__off____the____lights before going out. 【经典例句】 ①Where is the switch of this machine in this room? 这个房间的这个机器的开关在哪？ ②(2020·天津卷7月) He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect，and switches it on. 他抽出一个特别的装置，对准犯罪嫌疑人，打开开关。 考点3. have a role　起某种作用 [教材原句](教材P110)We all have a role to play in protecting the environment. 在保护环境方面，我们都可以发挥作用。 【拓展】 play a role in...＝play a part in... 在……中扮演一个角色；在……中起作用 play the part/role of... 扮演……的角色 take an active part in... 积极参加…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)In the film, he will play the role of a policeman. (2)English plays an important part in our daily life and I like it so much that I want to be a teacher of English. 完成句子 (3)动物灭绝的原因有很多，但最重要的是人类所起的作用。 There are many reasons for animals dying out, but the most important one is the part that__humans__have__played． 【经典例句】 ①As we all know, computers have an important role in modern society. 众所周知，计算机在现代社会中起着重要的作用。 ②She takes an active part in mass activities held by school.　 她积极参加学校举行的大量活动。 考点4. urgent　adj.紧急的，急迫的 【拓展】 (1)in urgent need of　急需 (2)urge vt.　　　　　催促；极力主张；驱策 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 urge sth. on sb. 向某人强调某事 urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动 (3)urgency n. 紧急；压迫；紧急的事；催促 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)I have an urge to__help(help) people out when they're in trouble. (2)Parents should actively urge their children to__take(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. (3)It is strongly urged that the library kept open during the vacation.在kept前加be 一句多译 当地政府敦促这几家工厂试验这些机器人。 (4)The local government urged that__these__factories__(should)__test__out__the__robots． (5)The local government urged these__factories____to__test__out__the__robots． 【经典例句】 ①The people in the earthquake­stricken area are in urgent need of food, medicine and shelters. 地震灾区的人们急需食物、药品和住所。 ②The central government urges the importance of safety in production on local mines. 中央政府向当地煤矿强调安全生产的重要性。 考点5. mass　adj.大量的；大规模的　n.团，块，堆；大量；群众；质量 [教材原句](教材P52)These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species. 这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。 【拓展】 in the mass　　　总体上；大体上 a mass of/masses of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词大量的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)A mass of information has__been__revealed(reveal) already. (2)So far, masses of books have__been__handed(hand) out. 完成句子 (3)她说她从总体上讲不喜欢孩子。 She says she doesn't like children in__the__mass． 【经典例句】 ①The masses are often the makers of history. 群众往往是历史的创造者。 ②After harvest we will have a mass of rice. 秋收后，我们将收获大量的稻谷。 考点6. varied　adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 [教材原句](教材P52)The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因是多种多样的。 【拓展】 (1)variety n.　　品种，种类；变化，多样化 a variety of/varieties of　各种各样的 (2)vary v. 改变；变化；不同 vary from...to...　由……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary with 随……而变化 (3)various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The prices of some goods vary with the season, as is often the case. (2)A variety of approaches have__been__used(use) to test the theory so far. (3)Experts say that the variety of things provided to choose from are one of the reasons to shopping too much.are→is 完成句子 (4)对于保护，每个人意见不一。 Opinions on conservation vary__from__person__to__person． 【经典例句】 ①Visit the palace and its varied historic gardens, which include the famous maze where it is easy to get lost! (你可以)参观宫殿和各种历史上有名的(皇家)花园，花园中有著名的迷宫，在那里(游客)容易迷路！ ②The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements. 这家旅馆为客人提供各种各样的娱乐活动。 [温馨提示] “a variety of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；“the variety of＋可数名词复数”意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 考点7. decrease　n.减少；减少的量　vi.& vt.减少，降低 【拓展】 (1)decrease by...　　　减少了…… decrease to... 减少到…… decrease in... 在……(方面)减少；降低 (2)on the decrease 在减少 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)We have no idea when the housing prices will decrease to the level we can afford. (2)There has been a decrease in our imports over the years. 同义替换 (3)The number of such people is decreasing now, which shows that people are becoming more reasonable. →The number of such people is on__the__decrease now, which shows that people are becoming more reasonable. 【经典例句】 ①(2021·浙江卷1月)What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity? 是什么导致了澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少？ ②By the end of the study, that percentage had decreased by half, to 45 percent. 到研究结束时，这一比例下降了一半，降至45%。 考点8. blame　vt.责怪，指责　n．过失；责备 【拓展】 be to blame (for sth.)　(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. (2)It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that was to__blame(blame) for the death of so many innocent people. 一句多译 他把失败归咎于他的父母。 (3)He__blamed__his__failure__on__his__parents. (4)He__blamed__his__parents__for__his__failure. (5)He__put/laid__the__blame__for__his__failure__on__his__parents. 【经典例句】 ①Some social app companies were to blame because they didn't check their users' registration seriously. 一些开发社交应用程序的公司应该受责备，因为他们对用户的注册信息审核不够严格。 ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock. 很多人发现早上很难起床，并把这归咎于闹钟。 考点9. die out　绝迹，灭绝；消失；熄灭 [教材原句](教材P52)Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 【拓展】 die away　　　　 (声音、光等)逐渐减弱；逐渐消失 die of/from... 死于…… die down 逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡 die off 相继死去 be dying for/to do... 渴望…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)His father died of starvation during the war. (2)The applause died down/away and the actors were able to continue. 完成句子 (3)他渴望回到他的祖国。 He is__dying__to__return__to__his__motherland． (4)如果暴风雪不停息，牛就会相继死去。 If the snowstorm doesn't blow over, the__cattle__will__die__off． 【经典例句】 The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的声音渐渐消失在远方。 考点10. affect　vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 [教材原句](教材P53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 【拓展】 (1)be affected by　　　被……感动；被……影响/侵袭 be affected with high fever 发高烧 affect sb.to tears 把某人感动得流泪 (2)affection n. 喜爱；爱慕 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Affected with high fever, he continued with his work. (2)Hearing the news, she was affected to tears. 句式升级 (3)He was affected by the failure in the exam and lost heart. →Affected__by__the__failure__in__the__exam,__he lost heart.(过去分词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his informative speech. 出席会议的大多数人都被他有教育意义的演讲感动了。 ②She tried to ensure her affection was equally shared among all three children. 她努力确保三个孩子平等地分享她的爱。 考点11. be at risk　处境危险，受到威胁 [教材原句](教材P53)Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然，因为我们人类依赖那么多物种才能生存，所以我们也将处于灭绝的危险中。 【拓展】 (1)take risks/a risk　　　冒险 take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事 at the risk of... 冒着……风险 (2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing(lose) the good opportunity. (2)He was determined to do it even at the risk of being__laughed(laugh) at. 一句多译 他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。 (3)He was praised because he risked__losing__his__life__to__put__out__the__big__fire． (4)He was praised because he took/ran__the__risk__of__losing__his__life__to__put__out__the__big__fire． (5)He was praised because he put__out__the__big__fire__at__the__risk__of__losing__his__life． 【经典例句】 Your health might be at risk due to much smoking. 由于吸烟太多，你的健康可能受到威胁。 考点12. endangered　adj.濒危的 [教材原句](教材P53)For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. 例如，我们要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物能被保护的特殊区域。 【拓展】 (1)endanger v.　　　使遭危险；危及；危害 (2)in danger 有危险的；在危险中 out of danger 脱离危险 a danger to 对……有危险；对……是危险的人/物 in danger of 处于……危险之中 (3)dangerous adj. 危险的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The boy is at risk because a dangerous(danger) tiger is running after him. (2)Police said the man was a danger of the public.of→to 完成句子 (3)要是他继续这样下去，他就有被公司开除的危险。 If he carries on like this, he's in__danger__of__being__removed by the company. 【经典例句】 With the help of the man, the little girl is out of danger. 在这个男人的帮助下，这个小女孩脱离了危险。 考点13. set out　n.开始做某事，着手进行 【拓展】 set aside　　将……放在一边；为……节省/留出(钱或时间)；不理会；宣布……无效，撤销 set off 动身；出发；引爆(炸弹)；引发 set up 建立；竖立 set down 写下；放下；记下 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. (2)(2019·北京卷)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. 同义替换 (3)The new government must set out to find solutions to the country's economic problems. →The new government must set__about__finding solutions to the country's economic problems. 【经典例句】 ①We set out to find the truth behind the mystery. 我们开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。 ②The designer would always set down new ideas that occurred to him. 这个设计师过去常常会记下他突然想起的新主意。 考点14. aware　adj.意识到的；知道的，明白的 【拓展】 (1)be/become aware of 　知道，明白；意识到…… be/become aware that... 知道……；意识到…… as far as I'm aware 据我所知 (2)awareness n. 知道；意识 raise/strengthen one's awareness of... 提高/增强某人的……意识 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved. (2)It is important that the students develop an awareness(aware) of contributing to our country. 句型转换 (3)Though we are aware of his honesty, we still don't want to leave the matter to him. →Though we__are__aware__that__he__is__honest,__we still don't want to leave the matter to him. 【经典例句】 ①People around the world should be aware of the importance of wildlife conservation. 全世界人民都应该意识到野生生物保护的重要性。 ②As far as I'm aware，the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worthy of being watched. 据我所知，音乐节的开幕式非常值得一看。 [温馨提示] aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of，不要想当然地用about或to。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well、fully、very much、much等修饰，但不能用very。 考点15. anxious　adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的 [教材原句](教材P111)I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment. 当我想到我们对环境产生的影响时我就感到焦虑。 【拓展】 (1)be anxious to do sth.　急于做某事 be anxious about sb./sth. 担心/忧虑某人/某事 be anxious for sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 be anxious that...(should) do... 急切希望…… (2)anxiety n. 忧虑，担心；渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)He was anxious about his family，who were travelling abroad. (2)We waited with anxiety for our examination results. (3)She was very anxious that her son should be succeed.删除be或succeed→successful 句式升级 (4)She looked at her sick child and was very anxious. →She looked at her sick child, very__anxious．(形容词短语作状语) 【经典例句】 ①The woman was anxious for the publisher to leave her office. 这个女人非常希望这个出版商离开她的办公室。 ②(2020·浙江卷7月) We are really concerned and anxious to learn about your updates. 我们真的很关心也很想知道你的近况。 考点16. annoyed　adj.烦恼的，恼火的，生气的 [教材原句](经典例句)She was so annoyed that she could no longer contain her anger and shouted at her husband. 她气得再也控制不住自己的怒火，对着丈夫大喊大叫。 【拓展】 (1)be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事而生气 be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 (2)annoy vt. 使……不悦；惹恼；打扰 (3)annoyance n. 恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事 to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 (4)annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) Who hasn't received an email so annoying(annoy) that it ruined an entire day? (2)The manager was annoyed with me because I made a big mistake in my work. 一句多译 他发现他们没有等他，他感到十分恼火。 (3)To__his__annoyance,__he found they hadn't waited for him.(annoyance) (4)What__annoyed__him__was__that he found they hadn't waited for him.(what引导的主语从句) (5)It__annoyed__him__that he found they hadn't waited for him.(it作形式主语) 【经典例句】 ①I am extremely annoyed at the way he always stares at me. 我对他总是盯着我看的样子非常恼火。 ②It never annoys me to see him getting ahead of me. 看见他领先于我，我从来没有心里不痛快。 考点17. stressed out　焦虑的 [教材原句](教材P58)How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry? 又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？ 【拓展】 (1)stress n.　　　　　压力；重音；重要性 vt. 加压力于；使紧张；强调 lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事；给某物压力 under stress 在压力下 (2)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的 stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The students in China often feel stressed(stress) when facing so many exams. (2)We all know that nowadays most students are under great stress. 句式升级 (3)Our teacher often stresses the importance of a good education. →Our teacher often places/puts/lays__stress__on a good education.(stress n．) →What__our__teacher__often__stresses is the importance of a good education.(what引导的主语从句) 【经典例句】 For most of the girls, it is a stressful job. 对于大部分女孩子来说，这是一份压力大的工作。 考点18. relate　vi.相联系，有关联；涉及；认同　vt.叙述，使……有联系 【拓展】 (1)relate...to...　把……和……联系起来 relate to 涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解 (2)related adj. 　有关的；相关的 be related to 有关系的；有关联的 (3)relation n. 关系；联系；亲属 in relation to 关于；与……相比 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Your statement doesn't relate well to the facts, so most of us are against it. (2)Deeply related to the matters, he has to answer all the related questions.(relate) 词汇升级 (3)I have nothing to say about that matter. →I have nothing to say in__relation__to that matter. 【经典例句】 ①Health problems are related to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼有关。 ②It is difficult to relate his argument to the facts. 很难把他的论点与事实联系起来。 考点19. suit　vt.适合；使适宜　n．一套外衣；套装 [教材原句](教材P59)Do whichever of these things that suit you. 做任何适合你的事情。 【拓展】 (1)suit sb.(fine)　　　　合某人的意；对某人很合适 suit sth. to sb./sth. 使某物适合某人/某物 (2)suitable adj. 适合的，适宜的 be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)This film is suitable(suit) for people of all ages to watch. (2)The young man tried to suit his performance for the audience.for→to 一句多译 这个节目少儿不宜，应该删去。 (3)This__programme__is__not__suitable__for__children and should be deleted.(suitable) (4)This__programme__doesn't__suit__children and should be deleted.(suit) 【经典例句】 ①If you want to go by train, that suits me fine. 你要是想坐火车去，那很合我意。 ②These clothes are not suitable to wear on formal occasions. 这些衣服不适合在正式的场合穿。 考点20. involve　vt.包含，需要；牵涉，涉及；使参加(卷入) 【拓展】 (1)involve sb.in (doing) sth. 使某人卷入(做)某事 involve doing... 包括做某事；参与做某事 (2)involved adj. 有关的；卷入的；复杂的 be/get involved in 参与；卷入；专注于…… be/get involved with 涉及；与……有关 (3)involvement n. 连累；牵连；卷入 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)We'll make our decision and contact the people involved(involve). (2)Tom found a job as a high school teacher which involved on spending quite a lot of time with students.删除on 一句多译 学生应积极参与可以从中获取社会交往经验的课外活动。 (3)Students should be/get__actively__involved__in after­class activities where they can gain experience for social communication. (4)Students should involve__themselves__actively__in after­class activities where they can gain experience for social communication. 【经典例句】 ①Parents should involve themselves in their children's education.　 父母应当参与孩子的教育。 ②He's smart enough to know that if he gets involved with that crowd, he will be in trouble. 他很聪明，他知道如果自己和那群人混在一起，他会有麻烦的。 考点21. cruel　adj.残忍的 【拓展】 (1)be cruel to　　　　　　　 对……残忍 It is cruel of sb.to do... 某人做……真残忍。 (2)cruelty n. 残忍 (3)cruelly adv. 残忍地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The man was sentenced to six years in prison for treating his parents cruelly(cruel). (2)Some people won't eat meat because they think it is cruel to animals. 句式升级 (3)The boys were cruel to kick the dog. →It__was__cruel__of__the__boys to kick the dog.(it作形式主语) 【经典例句】 ①She didn't intend to go home because her father was cruel to her. 她不打算回家因为她的父亲对她很残忍。 ②Cruelty to children or animals is a crime in many countries. 在许多国家，虐待儿童或动物是犯罪行为。 考点22. claim　vt.要求；声称；断言；主张；认领；索取 n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 [教材原句](教材P62)People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress. 为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。 【拓展】 (1)claim to do...　　　　　　 声称做…… It is claimed that... 据称…… (2)make a claim 声称；断言 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The program claims to__let(let) children “Learn from Classics, Act in Practice”． (2)They made a claim on the insurance company for the stolen luggage. 句式升级 (3)Some people claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. →It__is__claimed__that surfing the Internet is a waste of time.(it作形式主语) 【经典例句】 ①He is modest and doesn't claim to be an expert. 他很谦虚，不敢自称为专家。 ②She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered. 她向公司索赔因受伤导致的损失。 考点23. scenic　adj.景色优美的 [教材原句](经典例句)This scenic spot attracts tens of thousands of tourists every year. 这个景点每年都会吸引好几万的游客。 【拓展】 scene n.　　　　　　　　　(戏剧的)一场；场面；景色；现场；事发地点 on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上 behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中 appear/come on the scene 出场；登场 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the plane crash. (2)The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene when a traffic accident happened.when→where 完成句子 (3)没有人知道他是如何被谋杀的，但很多幕后人士都能猜出原因。 Nobody knows how he was murdered, but a good many people behind__the__scenes can guess why. 【经典例句】 ①The team's victory produced scenes of joy all over the country. 球队的胜利使举国上下出现一派欢乐的场面。 ②Things haven't been the same since the new teacher came on the scene. 自从新老师到来后事情就不一样了。 [温馨提示] scene作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where或in which来引导。 考点24. 倍数表达法 [教材原句](教材P53)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 【拓展】 倍数的表达法： (1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as... (2)倍数＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than... (3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width...＋of... (4)倍数＋what从句 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)The new bridge is three times the width(wide) of the wooden one. (2)The price of the house this year is twice as what it was last year.删除as 一句多译 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。 (3)This table is three times as__long__as__that__one． (4)This table is three times the__length__of__that__one． 【经典例句】 ①He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.　 他现在挣的钱比十年前多5倍。 ②This hill is four times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。 考点25. while表示对比，意为“然而，却” [教材原句](教材P59)Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. 一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆小汽车。 【拓展】 (1)while用作并列连词时，表示对比、转折，意为“然而，却”。 (2)while用作从属连词时，主要分为以下情况： ①引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”，句中的动词要用延续性动词； ②引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句常置于主句之前。 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中while的含义 (1)While I find the designer a little annoying, I often help him out.虽然，尽管 (2)My sister is working hard while my brother has dropped out.然而 (3)The boy made some good friends while studying in France.在……期间 句式升级 (4)While I was reading this passage, I picked up no more than several mistakes. →While__reading__this__passage,__I picked up no more than several mistakes.(省略句) 【经典例句】 ①Tom is very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless. 汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟却无可救药。 ②We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.　 趁着现在还年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获取更多的知识。 考点26. as引导原因状语从句 [教材原句](教材P62)As factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high. 因为工厂化农场用工人不多，所以成本低，产量高。 【拓展】 as作从属连词的用法总结： (1)引导原因状语从句时，表示“因为，由于”。 (2)引导时间状语从句时，表示“当……的时候；随着……；一边……一边……”。 (3)引导方式状语从句时，表示“按照，如，像”。 (4)引导让步状语从句时，表示“虽然，尽管”，但要把表语、状语或谓语动词提到从句前。 (5)引导比较状语从句时，表示“像……一样地”。 (6)引导定语从句时，表示“正如”，常放于主语之前。 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中as的含义 (1)The consumer smiled politely as the boss apologized for his carelessness.当……的时候 (2)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired.虽然，尽管 (3)As he was so busy, he had no time to play with his children.因为，由于 (4)You'd better do as the teacher has told you.按照 句型转换 (5)It is known to us all that the mountain is home to a wide range of wild animals. →As__is__known__to__us____all,__the mountain is home to a wide range of wild animals.(as引导定语从句) →What__is____known____to__us__all is that the mountain is home to a wide range of wild animals.(what引导主语从句) 【经典例句】 ①As the world's population continues to grow, the supply of food becomes a growing concern. 随着世界人口持续增长，粮食的供应成了人们越来越关心的事情。 ②He did not need to keep moving house, as his father had.　 他不用像他父亲那样不停地搬家了。 一．语法精讲——限制性和非限制性定语从句 观察句子 Lucy, ①whose father is our English teacher, is a lovely girl ②that/who is loved by us all. She is also warm­hearted and helps those ③who are less fortunate. Yesterday, she went to the bookstore ④where she often buys books. On her way, she found a little boy ⑤who/that was crying. He said he got separated with his mother, ⑥who was busy buying vegetables. So Lucy comforted the boy and accompanied him until his mother found them, ⑦which made both of them grateful to her. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①、⑥、⑦为非限制性定语从句，加黑处②、③、④、⑤为限制性定语从句。 2．加黑处④为关系副词引导的定语从句，其他加黑处为关系代词引导的定语从句。 3．加黑处⑦的先行词是整个主句内容 语法知识精讲 一、定语从句的种类 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 1．限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which、as；关系副词有where、when、why。 ◆This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.　这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 ◆The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy's English teacher. 在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。 2．非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。 ◆He is English, which I know from his accent. 他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。 ◆I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth. 我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。 [对点练习1]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2021·浙江卷1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that/which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. (2)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where____it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (3)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thank you for your letter, which__really made me happy. (4)(2020·天津卷7月)Dr.Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (5)(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较 1．形式不同 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句往往用逗号与主句隔开。 ◆Here is the man who has been punished by the boss. 这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句) ◆The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion. 这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句) 2．先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。 ◆This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel) ◆The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看过的那部小说非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是novel) ◆The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited. 那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句) 3．关系词的使用情况不同 (1)that、why不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，指物时要用which代替that，指原因时要用for which代替why。 ◆Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.　 大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。 ◆I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind. 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 ①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。 ◆This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句) ◆The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。(非限制性定语从句) ②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导。但在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。 ◆She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher. 她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。 ◆This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago. 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句) ◆The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near. 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句) [对点练习2]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)He has two sons, who work in the same company. (2)The man that/who is walking in the playground is my old friend. (3)There is no simpler answer, as/which is often the case in science. (4)Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher angry. (5)Do you know the reason why he wasn't successful? 二．写作精讲——观点对比类议论文 文体感知 开篇要引入话题：文章的开头用简练的语言自然引入要讨论的话题。 中间分述观点： 文章的主体部分对人们持有的不同观点进行客观的介绍。有时为了达到层次分明的效果，可采用“总括句＋观点1＋观点2”的“总——分”模式。 结尾简述个人看法： 在文章的结尾根据写作的实际需要可简要、恰当地发表个人的看法。 这类文章常分四段进行论述： 第一段——说明辩论的主题； 第二段——介绍正方的观点及其理由； 第三段——介绍反方的观点及其理由； 第四段——陈述自己的观点。 (有时也可以分为三段：第一段说明辩论的主题；第二段表明正方和反方的观点及理由；第三段表明作者自己的观点。) 增分佳句 一、介绍讨论的主题(开头句)： 1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to... 2．We've had a survey on... 3．I'm writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about... 二、过渡句： 1．Opinions are divided on this issue. 2．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 3．Different people, however, have different opinions/think quite differently on this matter. 三、介绍正方观点及其理由： 1．45% of the students hold the view that....For one thing，...For another thing，... 2．60% of the students are for the idea. 四、介绍反方观点及其理由： On the contrary/However/As the old saying goes，each coin has two sides.Nearly half of the students think that... 五、介绍自己的观点： As far as I'm concerned/In my opinion/From my point of view，... 满分作文特训 写作要求 目前，一些诸如“内卷”“破防”“yyds”等网络语言在青少年中极为流行，并出现在家庭作业、报告， 甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited？为题发表自己的观点，根据提示用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。 支持者观点 反对者观点 1.网络语言生动、时尚； 2．网络语言充满幽默与智慧； 3．网络语言使网上聊天更快捷 1.网络语言缺乏思想性，太简单； 2．没有被大部分人理解和接受； 3．过多使用会使人不解，甚至误解 审题谋篇 第一步： 审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．关于网络语言，人们的看法不同。 There__are__different__opinions on Internet Slang. 2．此外，它能使网上聊天更快捷。(make＋宾语＋宾补)　 Besides, it makes__chatting__on__the____Internet____quicker． 3．网络语言有时会使人不解。(make＋宾语＋宾补) Internet Slang sometimes might make__people__confused． 4．它有时甚至会导致误解。(result in) It may even result__in__misunderstanding. 5．如果不懂网络语言，我们就好像落后于时代了。(v.­ing形式作状语) Not__knowing____the______Internet____Slang,__we seem to fall behind the times. 6．只要在适当的情况下正确使用这些术语就可以了。(as long as) It will be OK as______long______as______these__terms______are______used__correctly in proper situations. 第三步： 句式升级造亮点 1．用分词短语作状语连接第二步中的句3和句4 Internet__Slang__sometimes__might__make__people__confused,__even__resulting__in__misunderstanding. 2．把第二步中的句5改为复合句 If__we____don't__know__the__Internet__Slang,__we__seem__to__fall__behind__the__times. 第四步： 过渡衔接连成篇 _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ One possible version： Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited? At present, Internet Slang, such as neijuan, pofang and yyds, has become popular among the teenagers. There are different opinions on Internet Slang. Some students think Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humour and intelligence. Besides, it makes chatting on the Internet quicker. However, some other students think Internet Slang lacks depth of thought and is too simple. Also, it is hard to understand and not accepted by most people. Internet Slang sometimes might make people confused, even resulting in misunderstanding. Every coin has two sides. In my opinion, living in the Information Age, if we don't know the Internet Slang, we seem to fall behind the times. It will be OK as long as these terms are used correctly in proper situations. threat　n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 【搭配】a threat to sb./sth.　　　对……的威胁 【联想】threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 switch　vi.& vt.转换，改变　n．开关；改变 【搭配】switch off　　　关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) switch on 打开；开始运行 switch over 转变；转换；换台 switch to 切换到；转到 have a role　起某种作用 【搭配】play a role in...＝play a part in... 在……中扮演一个角色；在……中起作用 play the part/role of... 扮演……的角色 take an active part in... 积极参加…… urgent　adj.紧急的，急迫的 【搭配】urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 【联想】)urge vt.　催促；极力主张；驱策 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 mass　adj.大量的；大规模的　n.团，块，堆；大量；群众；质量 【搭配】in the mass　总体上；大体上 a mass of/masses of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词大量的 varied　adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 【联想】a variety of/varieties of　各种各样的 【搭配】various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 decrease　n.减少；减少的量　 vi.& vt.减少，降低 【搭配】decrease by...　减少了…… on the decrease 在减少 blame　vt.责怪，指责　n．过失；责备 【搭配】be to blame (for sth.)　(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 die out　绝迹，灭绝；消失；熄灭 【搭配】die away　　　(声音、光等)逐渐减弱；逐渐消失 die down 逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡 die off 相继死去 affect　vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 【搭配】be affected by　　被……感动；被……影响/侵袭 【联想】affection n. 喜爱；爱慕 be at risk　处境危险，受到威胁 【搭配】take risks/a risk　　　冒险 at the risk of... 冒着……风险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 endangered　adj.濒危的 【搭配】in danger 有危险的；在危险中 out of danger 脱离危险 【联想】dangerous adj. 危险的 set out　n.开始做某事，着手进行 【搭配】set aside　　　将……放在一边；为……节省/留出(钱或时间)；不理会；宣布……无效，撤销 set off 动身；出发；引爆(炸弹)；引发 set up 建立；竖立 aware　adj.意识到的；知道的，明白的 【搭配】be/become aware of 　知道，明白；意识到…… 【联想】awareness n. 知道；意识 anxious　adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的 【搭配】be anxious about sb./sth.担心/忧虑某人/某事 【联想】anxiety n. 忧虑，担心；渴望 annoyed　adj.烦恼的，恼火的，生气的 【搭配】be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 【联想】annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的 stressed out　焦虑的 【搭配】lay/place/put stress on sth.强调某事；给某物压力 【联想】stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的 relate　vi.相联系，有关联；涉及；认同　vt.叙述，使……有联系 【搭配】be related to有关系的；有关联的 【联想】relation n. 关系；联系；亲属 suit　vt.适合；使适宜　n．一套外衣；套装 【搭配】be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物 【联想】suitable adj. 适合的，适宜的 involve　vt.包含，需要；牵涉，涉及；使参加(卷入) 【搭配】involve doing...包括做某事；参与做某事 【联想】involved adj. 有关的；卷入的；复杂的 cruel　adj.残忍的 【搭配】be cruel to　　　对……残忍 【联想】cruelly adv. 残忍地 claim　vt.要求；声称；断言；主张；认领；索取 n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 【搭配】claim to do...　　　　　　 声称做…… It is claimed that... 据称…… make a claim 声称；断言 1.Green is always accompanied by life, and environment is closely related to health. 绿色与生命时时相伴，环境与健康息息相关。 2.Advocate green consumption and build a green home. 倡导绿色消费，建设绿色家园。 3.Let the green coexist with us! 让绿色与我们共存！ 4.Reverence for nature, reverence for life. 尊崇自然，敬畏生命。 5.Protecting the environment is of great significance to human health. 保护环境对人类健康意义重大。 6.Green hills clear my eyes and water clean my ears. 青山清我目，流水净我耳。 7.Under the blue sky, love a home. 同在蓝天下，共爱一个家。 8.To protect the environment is to cherish life. 保护环境就是珍爱生命。 9.Keep the environment clean, so it will stay green. 环境整洁，永葆绿色。 10.Care for the Earth, and we have our health. 关爱地球，健康有保障。 11.Protecting the environment is every man's responsibility. 保护环境是每一个人的责任。 12.We don't have a society if we destroy the environment. 如果我们破坏环境，社会也就不复存在。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$