Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and Usage 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit 4 Grammar and usage Verd-ed forms 过去分词 Observe the table below What is simple past ? 过去式是动词的一种形式，常做句子的谓语，表示过去发生的某个动作或状态。英语 1.They walked to school yesterday. (过去） 2.I played football with my friends last night. (过去) What is past participle? 过去分词是英语中一种非谓语动词形式，它表示动作或状态已经发生或完成，或是动词与被修饰名词之间存在被动关系。英语 1.The broken window has been repaired. (被动） 2.the book was written by a famous author. (被动) 3. I have finished my homework. (完成） 过去式是动词的一种形式，发生过去、已经发生的事 情，表示短暂的动作。 "I saw him yesterday."（我昨天看见了他） past participle simple past VS 过去分词是非谓语的一种一般用于被动句或完成时。 "The book was written by him."（这本书是他写的） Determine whether the following verbs are past tense or past participle. 11.1 1. The letter was sent by my friends. 2. I was tired after a long day. 3. The broken glass is dangerous. 4. Jenny has seen that movie before. 5. He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. past participle simple past past participle simple past simple past past participle past participle as attributives 过去分词做定语 a closed door a broken window a polluted river 归纳1：单个过去分词作定语放于其修饰的名词之____。 前 Find out the rules =The player _____ _____ loved by many people is Yao Ming. The player loved by many people is Yao Ming. who is Find out the rules A lady dressed in white is Zhao Liying . =The lady________ ____dressed in white is Zhao Liying. who/that is 归纳2：过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其修饰的名词之____，其作用相当于一个_________。 后 定语从句 Find out the rules The suggestion made by experts was adopted by the manager. The meeting, attended by twenty students, was a great success. Excited people are waiting for their hero. 3.过去分词作定语，表示_______和_____ __的意思。表示动作已经完成。 4.过去分词作定语也可以用作非限制性定语，前后用_______隔开。 被动 完成 逗号 5.有些过去分词已转化成形容词，表示“感到……的”，通常用来修饰人。 常用的此类词有：excited, amazed, astonished, shocked等。 1.单个的过去分词作定语,放在被修饰词的______（left除外）。 2.过去分词短语则放在被修饰词的______，相当于一个定语从句。 3.过去分词作定语，表示_______和_____ __的意思。表示动作已经完成。 4.过去分词作定语也可以用作非限制性定语，前后用_______隔开。 前面 被动 完成 逗号 后面 Conclusion 1 5.有些过去分词已转化成形容词，表示“感到……的”，通常用来修饰人。 常用的此类词有：excited, amazed, astonished, shocked等。 Practice 1 1. The first textbook _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2. What's the language ______ in Germany? A.speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. Thousands of products _______ from coal are now in daily use. A. made B. make C. making D. to make D B B Practice 1 4. The book ____________________(农民写的书) is very populary. 5. The building ________________（去年间的楼) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 6.The children ______________________________（昨天在医院检查的 孩子） was very difficult to solve. written by a farmer built last year examined at the hospital yesterday past participle as object complements 过去分词做宾语补足语 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 某些及物动词（make等） + 直接宾语（名词或代词） + 宾语补足语 Everyone calls him (宾语) (宾补) (主语) (谓语) Tom. 宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语起____________的作用。 之后 补充说明 What is object complement? I saw her _______ (bite) by a dog. bitten 过去分词用在感官动词_______________________________等之后表示__________________________。 see,watch, feel, find,hear, notice 感受到某人或某物被…… Fill in the blanks 归纳一 I raised my voice to make myself _______. (hear) heard have, make, get, keep, leave “使/ 让 …” Fill in the blanks 归纳二 过去分词用在_________________________等使役动词之后，表示_____________. The father wants his daughter __________(teach) dancing. taught 过去分词用于表示“_________________”等意义的词后，如：_______________________等表示______________________。 希望,愿望或要求 want, wish, like, expect, order “希望/要求某人或某事被…” Fill in the blanks 归纳三 With many flowers __________(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. planted 过去分词用在“______ +宾语＋宾补”结构中。 with Fill in the blanks 归纳三 Conclusion 2 1.I saw him bitten by a dog. 2.Jack has his hair cut yesterday. 3.The father wants his daughter taught dancing. 4.The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 这些词后常接V-ed作宾语补足语 感官动词 使役动词 “希望,要求”类动词 with +宾语＋宾补结构 即时训练2 Practice 2 Translate sentences by using the past participle as the object complement. 1.我发现我的钱包被偷了。 2.我听见这首歌被唱了好几次 3.我们看见那小偷被警察抓住了 4.人们发现水被污染了。 5.我们已使我们的观点被他们知道 I found my wallet stolen. I heard the song sung a few times. We saw the thief/stealer caught by the policeman. People found the water polluted. We have made our ideas known by them . past participle as adverbs 过去分词做状语 过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。 1.过去分词作时间状语 Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful． =When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了 过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。 2.过去分词作原因状语 Worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days． =Because I was worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days．由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。 过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 3.过去分词作条件状语 Given a few minutes, I’ll finish the task． =If I am given a few minutes, I’ll finish the task． 再给我几分钟的时间，我就会完成这个任务。 过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。 4.过去分词作让步状语 Invited by him, I won’t take part in the party． =Though I was invited by him, I won’t take part in the party．即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。 5.过去分词作方式/伴随状语 The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse． =The patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。 Conclusion 3 过去分词（短语）作状语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随等情况, 相当于一个状语从句。 1. 作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句 2. 作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。 3. 作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导状语从句 4. 作让步状语 ，可转换为although, though/even if等引导的状语从句。 5. 作方式或伴随状语 ，则可转换为and并列结构。 即时训练3 Practice 3 1.When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 用过去分词作状语的形式改写句子 ___________________________, the park looks more beautiful. 2. As the children were exhausted, they fell asleep at once, The children, _____________,fell asleep at once, 3.If she had been given more time, she would certainlyhave done much better. ___________________, she would certainlyhave done much better. 4. He stood there silently and was moved to tears. He stood there silently, ________________. Seen from the top of the hill exhausted Given more time moved to tears ________ from the top of the building, the school looks beautiful. ________ from the top of the building, we found the school beautiful. Seen Seeing 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。 1. __________ (compare) Shanghai with Xi'an, we found Shanghai is larger. 2. ____________ (compare) with Xi'an, Shanghai is larger. 3. ______ (lose) himself in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 4. ____ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Comparing Compared Losing Lost Exploring the rules 偶然地，意外地 远非，几乎相反 the prepared mind get its mass production started Surprised by this Working out the rules 1. The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) ________ (active/passive) meaning. 2. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun. It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n) ________________ (relative clause/adverbial clause). 3. The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive relative clause 1. He was buried in an ocean of loneliness and felt left out. 2. As she was given advice by the famous detective, the girl was no longer afraid. 3. Even if he was laughed at by many people, he continued his research. Rewrite the following sentences, verb-ed forms as adverbials. Buried in an ocean of loneliness, he felt left out. Given advice by the famous detective, the girl was no longer afraid. Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria. 2. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 3. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 4. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 5. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. attributive attributive adverbial adverbial object complement Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements. 1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award. ________________________________________________ 2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting. ________________________________________________ 3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine. ________________________________________________ The highly praised scientist won an award. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. B1 attributive attributive adverbial 4. The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed. ________________________________________________ 5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. _____________________________________________________ The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. object complement adverbial B1 Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician.As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning (1) __________ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory. He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. (2) _________ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon (3) ____(tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go throughhis body. Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (4) _________ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity. Franklin had his theory (5) _________ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, (6) _________ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. interesting Knowing tied Conducted accepted arguing an object complement an adverbial an attributive an adverbial an object complement an adverbial B2 Giving only fruit for dinner, I am very angry. Go and catch a sheep! Given Worn a sheep’s coat, I have made the stupid sheep open the door for me. Ha ha … Wearing Catching by Mr. Wolf, Mr. Lazy cried. Caught Found Mr. Wolf get into our village, I beat him with a large hammer. Finding Beating by the sheep, I am badly injured. But I will never give up! Beaten Tiring but happy, we can enjoy ourselves without any fear! Tired $$