Unit4 阅读理解精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 4 阅读理解练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 4 Passage 1 4 Passage 2 5 Passage 3 7 Passage 4 8 拔高篇 10 Passage 1 10 Passage 2 11 Passage 3 12 Passage 4 13 Passage 5 15 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals’ activity dropped right down.” On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions ( 离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites was filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 1．How did scientists conduct the study? A．By comparing different animals’ habits. B．By observing animals in high mountains. C．By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. D．By analyzing images of animals they obtained. 2．What can be inferred from animal activity before earthquakes? A．The ground at a lower altitude is less ionized. B．Cameras normally record more animals per day. C．Earthquake warnings can be detected in lower places. D．The activity of animals and earthquakes is consistent. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The findings make for accurate seismic forecast. B．Animals tend to be uneasy with more positive ions. C．Positive ions make humans and animals depressed. D．All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions. B．Ions’ Destruction to the Environment. C．Animals’ Behavior Before Earthquakes. D．Creatures’ Ability to Predict Earthquakes. 词汇积累 appear to意思是“似乎；好像；显得”，用来表达某人或某物给人的印象或感觉。例如：“He appears to be very tired.”（他看起来很累。） reliable evidence“reliable”表示“可靠的；可信赖的”，“evidence”是“证据；证明”，“reliable evidence”即“可靠的证据；可信的证明”。例如：“We need reliable evidence to support our claim.”（我们需要可靠的证据来支持我们的主张。） the number of表示“......的数量”，其后接可数名词复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。例如：“The number of students in our class is 50.”（我们班的学生数量是 50 人。） be located at意思是“位于；坐落于”，通常用于描述某个地点的具体位置。例如：“The school is located at the end of the street.”（学校位于街道的尽头。） escape to表示“逃到；逃往”，指从某个不利或危险的地方逃往另一个地方。例如：“They escaped to a safe place.”（他们逃到了一个安全的地方。） be filled with意思是“充满；装满；填满”，强调被某物完全占据。例如：“The room is filled with smoke.”（房间里充满了烟。） be known to do“be known”表示“被知道；出名”，“be known to do”表示“被知晓做某事”。例如：“He is known to be very honest.”（大家都知道他很诚实。） ill effects“ill”有“不好的；有害的；生病的”等意思，“effects”是“影响；效果；结果”，“ill effects”指“不良影响；有害影响；恶果”。例如：“The drug may have some ill effects on your health.”（这种药可能对你的健康有一些不良影响。） lead sb to do意思是“导致某人做某事；引导某人做某事”。例如：“His advice led me to change my mind.”（他的建议使我改变了主意。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. 译文 摄像机显示，在秘鲁亚纳查加国家公园的动物栖息地发生大地震前多达 23 天，动物的数量出现了“惊人”的下降。 分析 “in the number of animals”是后置定语，修饰“drop”，“up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru”是时间状语。 【2】Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites was filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. 译文 其他证据表明，在地震前，高山地区周围的空气中充满了正离子，当岩石受到压力时就会产生这种正离子。 分析 “that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress.”是宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，“before the earthquake”是时间状语，“around the high mountain sites”是后置定语，修饰“the air”，“that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress”是定语从句，修饰“positive ions”，“when rocks are placed under stress”是时间状语。 翻译练习 1. 她好像已经理解了这个问题。(appear to) 2. 出席会议的人数多得惊人。(the number of) 3. 我们的学校位于山脚下，周围风景优美。(be located at) 4. 房间里充满了花香，让人感到轻松愉快。(be filled with) 5. 过度使用手机可能会对我们的健康产生各种不良影响。(ill effects) 基础篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐ Thousands of people have been killed in an earthquake in Japan. The quake -- the biggest one to happen in Japan --caused massive (大量的) damage and many people are missing and feared dead. The 8.9 magnitude quake struck Friday (March 11) off Japan's eastern coast, and caused tsunami across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast. Several days after a 8.9-magnitude earthquake and resulting 10-meter-high tsunami damaged the coastline. The United States Geological Survey(美国地质调查所)says it was the fifth largest earthquake since 1900. The largest, with a 9.5 magnitude, shook Chile in 1960. In Japan, the tsunami swept away boats, cars and hundreds of houses in coastal areas north of Tokyo. The quake shook buildings in the Japanese capital and caused several fires. All train and subway traffic in Tokyo has been stopped, and thousands of people there were unable to get back home. People are just trying to find clean water. Food supplies are running out. In the convenience stores, there are no rice balls left. There is no bottled water left. People are facing a really serious situation in the days ahead for these people that are living in areas that were only common damaged. The final death rate could range from the thousands to tens of thousands, depending on how many of these communities are gone. Japanese Prime Minister(首相) Naoto Kan said the government would do everything it can to reduce the effects of the disaster. 1．According to the passage, which earthquake is the largest one since 1900 ? A．the one happened in Japan on March 11, 2011 B．the one in Chile in 1960 C．the fifth largest earthquake since 1900 D．We don't know. 2．Which is true according to the passage? A．Thousands of people have been killed in a massive earthquake in Japan. B．Only people in areas are facing a really serious situation in the days. C．The earthquake damaged not only in Japan's western coast, but also in South America and the U.S West Coast. D．The tsunami caused the massive earthquake. 3．If you're in Tokyo these days, what you can't get from the convenience store? A．newspapers and magazines B．some medicine C．paper napkins and toothpastes D．rice balls and bottled water 4．where is the passage come from? A．Text book B．scientific research C．travel brochure D．newspaper Passage 2 难度⭐⭐ Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. IStockpiling food and drink ● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. ⅡEmergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don't take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: —First aid materials, personal medication —Sleeping bag or blanket —Hygiene products for a couple of days ⅢElectric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas. ⅣKeep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. ⅤAbout us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 1．The brochure is provided in order to _______. A．inform people about recent disasters B．provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C．encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D．promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance 2．What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A．A laptop. B．A television. C．A mobile phone. D．A battery-powered radio. 3．The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _______. A．a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B．a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C．an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D．a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany Passage 3 International Shake Out Day This Year 难度⭐⭐ This year’s International Shake Out Day is October 17, when millions of people worldwide will take part in earthquake drills (演习) at work, school, or home! It is a great way for your family or organization to become better prepared to survive and recover quickly from big earthquakes. At 10:17 am (local time) on 10/17, you can join millions of people across the world in practicing earthquake safety. While we encourage everyone to take part, you can sign up for your Shake Out drill for any day of the year, and drill at a time of your choice. You can also include people in different locations through videos. FIND YOUR REGION · Most participants (参与者) are in one of the official Shake Out Regions listed below the page (with current sign-up totals). People and organizations in other countries can also sign up. · All regions take part in it on October 17, 2024, unless specified. (As of Today) Global Totals US Totals Oct.17, 2024 Drills Over 270,000 Over 260,000 All 2024 Drills Over 1.10 million Over 950,000 All 2023 Drills Over 57.3 million Over 19.3 million Shake Out began in California and has also been organized in many other states and countries. Official Shake Out Regions require special local or regional cooperation, typically by an emergency (紧急情况) management agency or a union of many organizations. If you are interested in establishing Shake Out for your region, please contact us at https://www.shakeout.org. If your state, province, or country is not yet taking part, you can sign up for yourself or your organization as part of the global participation total. 1．What is the purpose of the activity? A．To raise people’s safety awareness. B．To stress the challenges of earthquakes. C．To help people get ready for an earthquake. D．To warn people of the danger of earthquakes. 2．How many people worldwide took part in the drills in 2023? A．Over 270,000. B．Over 950,000. C．Over 57.3 million. D．Over 19.3 million. 3．Where is the text from? A．A website. B．A book review. C．A guidebook. D．A diary entry. Passage 4 难度⭐⭐ A woman in a cap wanders calmly along. Except for the lava (熔岩) erupting behind her, she could be walking in the park. The woman turns to watch the molten rock flow for a moment then walks calmly toward the camera. The footage(镜头) is from Werner Herzog’s book to volcanoes and volcano hunters, Into the Inferno, and the woman pictured is perhaps one of the most important volcanologists of all time, Katia Krafft. Born in France, in 1942, Katia developed an interest in volcanoes at an early age. Later, she met Maurice Krafft. The pair bonded over their shared love of volcanoes before marrying in 1970. The Kraffts wrote about 20 books on volcanoes across the globe. Katia and her husband made great progress in educating the general public in volcanology. Their footage had more than scientific value. For instance, when Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines began to show signs of an eruption in 1991, the Kraffts were able to present Philippine President Cory Aquino with video footage of the effects of the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, asking him to call for an evacuation of those in the danger zone. In 1969, Katia was awarded the prize of the Vocation Foundation for her work on active volcanic sites. The couple lost their lives, along with more than 40 others during the eruption of Mount Unzen in Japan on June 3.1991. when they were caught in a flow of rock, gas and ash moving at speeds of over 100 miles per hour, with temperatures of more than 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Katia was 49; Maurice, 45. Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has encouraged many young women to study our restless planet. “Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I’m doing this job,” says Carla Tiraboschi, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minster, Germany. Carla first saw Katia in a documentary when she was just six or seven years old and has been crazy about volcanoes ever since. 1．What can we infer from the book Into the Inferno? A．Its author is Katia Krafft. B．It’s a biography of Katia Krafft. C．It calls on protecting the environment. D．It focuses on volcanoes and their explorers. 2．What do we know about the couple? A．They prevented a natural disaster. B．They served as a warning in Japan. C．They helped spread volcano science. D．They covered Mount Pinatubo’s eruption. 3．Which can replace the underlined word “evacuation” in paragraph 3? A．Substance. B．Departure. C．Occupation. D．Intervention. 4．How did Katia influence Carla Tiraboschi? A．Katia’s death made her restless. B．Katia helped her with her research. C．Katia taught her to make a documentary. D．Katia’s deeds inspired her career choice. 拔高篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. The analysis warns that number could grow to nearly 30,000 deaths a year by the middle of the century. Wildfire smoke is rarely listed as a cause of death on people’s death certificates. But research has shown that tiny particles present in smoke worsen many different health problems. These particles penetrate (渗透) deep into people’s lungs and can cross into the bloodstream or even into the brain. Repeated exposures, or high-concentration exposures, can worsen other health problems, from heart and kidney disease to promoting the onset of dementia (痴呆) symptoms. In some cases, the stress from wildfire smoke is so great that some people die. Because the harm from wildfire smoke can accumulate and isn’t always immediately obvious, the long-term risks from wildfire smoke exposure have gone underestimated. The NBER analysis used a suite of different computer models to figure out the relationship between fire activity and how much smoke was produced. In years like 2020, some northern  California counties were exposed to double their normal pollution load for the year. In conditions like those, the total number of deaths increased by almost 6%. Even small increases in smoke exposure averaged out over the year, push mortality up. Even with aggressive climate action in coming decades, wildfire activity is forecast to grow—and with it, smoke exposure. By the middle of the century, models suggest people across the U.S. will likely experience two to three times as much smoke as they did before 2020. Smoke-related deaths could rise by at least 8,000 people every year. With less aggressive climate action, the number of deaths could be even higher. 1．What can be learned about wildfire smoke exposure? A．It has become the main cause of death. B．It produces immediate harmful effects. C．It makes health problems more serious. D．It can be avoided by using dust masks. 2．What will happen to Americans according to the computer models? A．Experiencing less wildfire smoke exposure. B．Facing more deaths caused by heavy smoking. C．Having more deaths connected to wildfire smoke. D．Reducing wildfire activities with aggressive actions. 3．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A scientific report. B．Analysis of climate change. C．An academic paper. D．Research findings of wildfire. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Formation of Wildlife Smoke B．The Harm of Wildfire Smoke to Health C．The Ways to Reduce Wildfires D．The Causes of Too Many Wildfires Passage 2 难度⭐⭐⭐ Rescue efforts continue in North Africa, a region that has been hit with two major natural disasters. An earthquake struck Morocco on September 8. Two days later, rain brought devastating(毁灭性的)floods to parts of Libya. The 6.8-magnitude(震级)quake in Morocco was the strongest the country has seen in a century. Some 300,000 people have been affected, according to the UN. Many people have been sleeping outside, having lost their homes, or in case aftershocks cause more buildings to collapse. At press time(发稿时间), close to 3,000 people had died. “It’s a major disaster, ” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is. ” There are some people in Morocco who say their government has been too slow in sending help to these villages. Neighbors have had to take action to help one another. “I was asleep when the earthquake struck,” says Fatna Bechar, who lives in Moulay Brahim. “I was saved by my neighbors who cleared the rubble(瓦砾).”    In Libya, floodwaters broke through dams near the port city of Derna on September. The Wadi Derna river overflowed and swept through the city. Floors in apartment buildings collapsed. Several other towns suffered damage. Families have taken shelter in schools and government buildings. The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help, and countries in the region are also offering help. 1．How did Salah Ancheu feel according to Paragraph 3? A．Depressed. B．Confident C．Optimistic. 2．Who saved Fatna Bechar? A．His neighbours. B．His colleagues. C．His families. 3．What do we know about from the last paragraphs? A．Floodwaters broke through dams on October. B．Families have taken shelter in tents and hotels. C．The US is working with the UN to offer help. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Disasters in North Africa B．People Suffered in Disasters C．The UN Offered Help in Disasters Passage 3 难度⭐⭐⭐ Venice is no stranger to floods. The city experiences water increases from the rising tides at least four times a year, usually during winter. However, the 1.87-meter tide that swept through the city on November 12, 2019, was one of the highest ever experienced. To make matters worse, it was followed by two consecutive (持续的) water increases. The rapid series of high tides covered over 80 percent of the city of canals, causing widespread destruction (破坏) to museums, homes, and businesses. Though difficult, it is always important to find a silver lining (困境中的一线希望) after such events. In Venice, it has come in the form of the “Angels of the Salt”—hundreds of youth volunteers who have arrived in the beautiful city to help with the clean-up efforts. Piero Risica said, “When we saw the historic flooding on Tuesday night, we immediately started to gather volunteers to help the city. The first day we were 200 in the Telegram group and on the ground. Yesterday 550, and today more than 1,700.” In addition to helping drain (排空) the flood waters from residences and businesses, the young volunteers are also collecting the garbage and water-damaged devices and taking them to recycling centers. What makes Venetians annoyed is that the destruction could have been avoided if the Moveable Barrier System (MOSE) had been in place. The project to place moveable floodgates that would stop the high tides from covering the city has been under construction since 2003, and has already cost $5 billion. However, it is nowhere close to completion. 1．When is it easy for Venice to experience rising tides? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In winter. 2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A．To tell us the influence of high tides. B．To warn the danger of living in Venice. C．To compare the differences of past tides. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Angels of the Salt is famous in Italy. B．Angels of the Salt is in charge of rescue. C．Volunteers take an active part in the action to help Venice. 4．What makes Venetians dissatisfied? A．The unfinished MOSE. B．The destruction of MOSE. C．The waste of a lot of money. Passage 4 难度⭐⭐⭐ The Jan.17, 1994, Northridge earthquake caused extensive damage to roadways in Los Angeles, particularly on the 10 Freeway east of Culver City. Two freeway bridges at La Cienega and Washington were knocked out, resulting in significant interruptions to the crucial east-west traffic corridor in central Los Angeles. The Santa Monica Freeway was reopened in less than three months, providing a boost to L.A．’s quake recovery. In recent events, a fire on the 10 Freeway, again closing the roadway, has brought comparison to 1994. The extent of the damage and repair timeline remain uncertain. Mayor Karen Bass emphasized the need for urgent action and a similar effort as the 1994 earthquake repairs. Here is a review of that epic 1994 repair effort from the pages of The Times. Officials knew right away they needed to get the freeway operating as soon as possible. With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages. It was estimated that the closure cost the economy $1 million per day. The closure of the freeway forced commuters to seek alternative routes, causing congestion (拥塞) on already crowded surface streets between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles. Detours (绕路) added delays of 20 minutes or more to travel times. Luckily, an accelerated construction effort was launched, involving round-the-clock work. This resulted in earlier-than-expected reopenings. Contractor C．C． Myers Inc. completed the project 74 days ahead of schedule. They received a $200, 000 bonus for each day the work was finished early. However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs. The repair efforts following the Northridge earthquake were characterized by intense and focused work to restore critical transportation infrastructure (基础设施). These experiences serve as a reference point for the current situation, calling for swift action in repairing the fire-damaged 10 Freeway. 1．Why was the recent fire compared to the 1994 earthquake? A．To indicate the severe damage it had caused B．To show citizens’ devotion to the repair work. C．To stress the necessity of immediate repair effort. D．To explain the difficulty of repairing the damage. 2．What is paragraphs 4 mainly about? A．The impacts of the freeway closure. B．The economic value of the freeway. C．The operating system of the freeway. D．The cost of the freeway construction. 3．What does the underlined word “escalated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Transformed. B．Mounted. C．Maintained. D．Restricted. 4．What do we know about the 1994 earthquake repairs? A．The repairs were accomplished in 74 days. B．The repairs were completed under budget. C．The repairs were mainly funded by C.C. Myers Inc.. D．The repairs were complicated and labor-demanding. Passage 5 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ On May 7th, 1902, on the island of Martinique, Ludgar Sylbaris, the town’s drunk and troublemaker, got thrown into prison. However, it turned out to be the luckiest day of his life. Saint Pierre on Martinique was at the time known as the Paris of Caribbean. It had a big population of 30, 000 people and was a cultural centre. Martinique is home to Mount Pelee, one of the most active volcanoes in the world. In the weeks before Ludgar Sylbaris was thrown into prison, the volcano on the island of Martinique was showing signs of volcanic activity. Without modern Volcanology, people still sensed that something was going to happen, but they didn’t have a really good sense of how big or how dangerous the threat was. Thousands of people left the countryside and came to the city of Saint Pierre because they thought it would be safer there. That was a terrible mistake. The day after Ludgar Sylbaris went into that prison cell, Mount Pelee exploded. And in an instant 3, 000 people were killed. A pressure wave flattened every single building. Anyone who was unlucky enough to be outside was instantly burned to death. Those who were in shelter found themselves choking as their lungs were burned from the inside out. There was really no escape except for one person, Ludgar Sylbaris. The cell he was in had been built as an armory (军械库) . So it had been built within the thick walls and it happened that the only opening in it faced away from the eruption. Even so, super-hot air began to force its way underneath the door. And as his cell heated to extremely high temperatures, he was forced to take off his clothes, push them underneath the door and he peed (小便) on the clothes just to try to keep the hot air from entering. He was still badly burned and wasn’t found until four days later when rescuers heard his cries. 1．What caused so many people to die in the volcano eruption? A．Shortage of survival skills. B．Ignorance of modern Volcanology. C．Lack of good judgement of the threat. D．Unawareness of the volcanic activity signs. 2．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage? a. The volcano of Mount Pelee erupted. b. Buildings were flattened and no one escaped. c. Thousands of people fled to the city of Saint Pierre. d. Mount Pelee was showing signs of volcanic activity. e. Ludgar Sylbaris managed to save himself and was rescued. A．dbace B．abdce C．adceb D．dcabe 3．Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? A．The cell’s opening faced the eruption. B．The cell was far away from the eruption. C．Ludgar took proper self-rescue measures. D．Ludgar hid in the heavily-guarded armory. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the island of Martinique. B．To inspire people to explore the Mount Pelee. C．To provide ways to survive a volcano eruption. D．To tell the story of a volcano eruption survivor. $$ Unit 4 阅读理解练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 4 Passage 1 4 Passage 2 6 Passage 3 9 Passage 4 10 拔高篇 13 Passage 1 13 Passage 2 15 Passage 3 17 Passage 4 19 Passage 5 22 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals’ activity dropped right down.” On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions ( 离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites was filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 1．How did scientists conduct the study? A．By comparing different animals’ habits. B．By observing animals in high mountains. C．By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. D．By analyzing images of animals they obtained. 2．What can be inferred from animal activity before earthquakes? A．The ground at a lower altitude is less ionized. B．Cameras normally record more animals per day. C．Earthquake warnings can be detected in lower places. D．The activity of animals and earthquakes is consistent. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The findings make for accurate seismic forecast. B．Animals tend to be uneasy with more positive ions. C．Positive ions make humans and animals depressed. D．All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions. B．Ions’ Destruction to the Environment. C．Animals’ Behavior Before Earthquakes. D．Creatures’ Ability to Predict Earthquakes. 词汇积累 appear to意思是“似乎；好像；显得”，用来表达某人或某物给人的印象或感觉。例如：“He appears to be very tired.”（他看起来很累。） reliable evidence“reliable”表示“可靠的；可信赖的”，“evidence”是“证据；证明”，“reliable evidence”即“可靠的证据；可信的证明”。例如：“We need reliable evidence to support our claim.”（我们需要可靠的证据来支持我们的主张。） the number of表示“......的数量”，其后接可数名词复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。例如：“The number of students in our class is 50.”（我们班的学生数量是 50 人。） be located at意思是“位于；坐落于”，通常用于描述某个地点的具体位置。例如：“The school is located at the end of the street.”（学校位于街道的尽头。） escape to表示“逃到；逃往”，指从某个不利或危险的地方逃往另一个地方。例如：“They escaped to a safe place.”（他们逃到了一个安全的地方。） be filled with意思是“充满；装满；填满”，强调被某物完全占据。例如：“The room is filled with smoke.”（房间里充满了烟。） be known to do“be known”表示“被知道；出名”，“be known to do”表示“被知晓做某事”。例如：“He is known to be very honest.”（大家都知道他很诚实。） ill effects“ill”有“不好的；有害的；生病的”等意思，“effects”是“影响；效果；结果”，“ill effects”指“不良影响；有害影响；恶果”。例如：“The drug may have some ill effects on your health.”（这种药可能对你的健康有一些不良影响。） lead sb to do意思是“导致某人做某事；引导某人做某事”。例如：“His advice led me to change my mind.”（他的建议使我改变了主意。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. 译文 摄像机显示，在秘鲁亚纳查加国家公园的动物栖息地发生大地震前多达 23 天，动物的数量出现了“惊人”的下降。 分析 “in the number of animals”是后置定语，修饰“drop”，“up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru”是时间状语。 【2】Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites was filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. 译文 其他证据表明，在地震前，高山地区周围的空气中充满了正离子，当岩石受到压力时就会产生这种正离子。 分析 “that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress.”是宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，“before the earthquake”是时间状语，“around the high mountain sites”是后置定语，修饰“the air”，“that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress”是定语从句，修饰“positive ions”，“when rocks are placed under stress”是时间状语。 翻译练习 1. 她好像已经理解了这个问题。(appear to) She appears to have understood the problem. 2. 出席会议的人数多得惊人。(the number of) The number of people who attended the meeting was surprisingly large. 3. 我们的学校位于山脚下，周围风景优美。(be located at) Our school is located at the foot of a hill, surrounded by beautiful scenery. 4. 房间里充满了花香，让人感到轻松愉快。(be filled with) The room is filled with the smell of flowers, making people feel relaxed and happy. 5. 过度使用手机可能会对我们的健康产生各种不良影响。(ill effects) The excessive use of mobile phones can have various ill effects on our health. 答案解析 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。 1．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. (在平常的一天，放置在Yanachaga国家公园周围的摄像机记录了5到15只动物。但在地震前的23天，动物的数量下降到每天5只或更少。在地震前的七天中，有五天根本没有拍摄到任何动物)”可知，在地震前后摄像机捕捉到的动物的图像的数量是有所变化的。由此可知，科学家通过分析他们获得的动物图像进行这项研究的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。他们被认为逃到了较低的地面，那里的空气电离程度较低。)”可知，从地震前的动物活动中可以推断出海拔较低的地面电离程度较低。故选A。 3．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到动物往往对较多的正离子感到不安。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。文章第一段讲到“Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown.(动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电力来预测地震—这是第一项发现这种现象可靠证据的研究。)”可知，C项“地震前动物的行为”适合这篇文章的标题。故选C。 基础篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐ Thousands of people have been killed in an earthquake in Japan. The quake -- the biggest one to happen in Japan --caused massive (大量的) damage and many people are missing and feared dead. The 8.9 magnitude quake struck Friday (March 11) off Japan's eastern coast, and caused tsunami across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast. Several days after a 8.9-magnitude earthquake and resulting 10-meter-high tsunami damaged the coastline. The United States Geological Survey(美国地质调查所)says it was the fifth largest earthquake since 1900. The largest, with a 9.5 magnitude, shook Chile in 1960. In Japan, the tsunami swept away boats, cars and hundreds of houses in coastal areas north of Tokyo. The quake shook buildings in the Japanese capital and caused several fires. All train and subway traffic in Tokyo has been stopped, and thousands of people there were unable to get back home. People are just trying to find clean water. Food supplies are running out. In the convenience stores, there are no rice balls left. There is no bottled water left. People are facing a really serious situation in the days ahead for these people that are living in areas that were only common damaged. The final death rate could range from the thousands to tens of thousands, depending on how many of these communities are gone. Japanese Prime Minister(首相) Naoto Kan said the government would do everything it can to reduce the effects of the disaster. 1．According to the passage, which earthquake is the largest one since 1900 ? A．the one happened in Japan on March 11, 2011 B．the one in Chile in 1960 C．the fifth largest earthquake since 1900 D．We don't know. 2．Which is true according to the passage? A．Thousands of people have been killed in a massive earthquake in Japan. B．Only people in areas are facing a really serious situation in the days. C．The earthquake damaged not only in Japan's western coast, but also in South America and the U.S West Coast. D．The tsunami caused the massive earthquake. 3．If you're in Tokyo these days, what you can't get from the convenience store? A．newspapers and magazines B．some medicine C．paper napkins and toothpastes D．rice balls and bottled water 4．where is the passage come from? A．Text book B．scientific research C．travel brochure D．newspaper 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是新闻报道。主要介绍日本发生8.9级的地震,给日本经济、交通、生活等各方方面带来了严重影响,日本首相Naoto Kan说,政府将尽其所能减少灾难的影响，在华盛顿,奥巴马总统表示,美国准备帮助日本人民。 1．细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“The largest, with a 9.5 magnitude, shook Chile in 1960. (最大的一次地震发生在1960年的智利，震级为9.5级。)”可知，自从1960年以来，最大的地震是发生的智利的地震。故选B 2．细节理解题。由第一段“Thousands of people have been killed in an earthquake in Japan. The quake -- the biggest one to happen in Japan --caused massive (大量的) damage and many people are missing and feared dead. (数千人在日本地震中丧生。这次地震是日本发生的最大地震，造成了巨大的破坏，许多人失踪，恐怕已经死亡。)”可知数千人在日本大地震中丧生。故选A。 3．细节理解题。由倒数第二段“In the convenience stores, there are no rice balls left. There is no bottled water left. (便利店里的饭团都卖光了。没有瓶装水了。)”可以知道在便利店，没有剩余的饭团和瓶装水，故选D。 4．推理判断题。由第一段的“Thousands of people have been killed in an earthquake in Japan. The quake -- the biggest one to happen in Japan --caused massive (大量的) damage and many people are missing and feared dead. (数千人在日本地震中丧生。这次地震是日本发生的最大地震，造成了巨大的破坏，许多人失踪，恐怕已经死亡。)”可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了日本东部沿海发生的强大地震，因此推断可能来自报纸，故选D。 Passage 2 难度⭐⭐ Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. IStockpiling food and drink ● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. ⅡEmergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don't take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: —First aid materials, personal medication —Sleeping bag or blanket —Hygiene products for a couple of days ⅢElectric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas. ⅣKeep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. ⅤAbout us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 1．The brochure is provided in order to _______. A．inform people about recent disasters B．provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C．encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D．promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance 2．What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A．A laptop. B．A television. C．A mobile phone. D．A battery-powered radio. 3．The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _______. A．a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B．a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C．an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D．a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了应对各类灾害的个人应急准备指南，包括囤积物资、应急包、电力中断应对措施、信息获取渠道及联邦民防与灾害救助办公室的简介。 1．细节理解题。根据文章开头“Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan.(几乎每天，我们都通过媒体了解到各种形式的灾难。这些不仅仅包括长期影响大片地区的重大灾害。一场严重的风暴、停电或房屋火灾都可能给个人带来灾难。本手册旨在帮助您制定个人准备计划)”以及后续各部分可知，文章提供在灾难中生存的具体建议，如储存食物和水、应急包准备、电力中断应对措施、紧急情况下保持信息畅通等，可以看出该手册旨在提供在灾难中生存的技巧和建议。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第Ⅳ部分“However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device.(然而，电视和互联网只有在有电的情况下才能工作，而电可能会失灵。这就只剩下无线电作为主要的预警设备)”可知，在电力可能中断的情况下，无线电成为了接收预警的主要设备。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第Ⅴ部分“The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany.(联邦民事保护和灾害援助办公室（BBK）成立于2004年，是德国民事安全的中央组织单位)”可知，联邦民防与灾害救助办公室是德国的一个政府机构，负责公民安全和紧急情况下的准备工作。故选D。 Passage 3 International Shake Out Day This Year 难度⭐⭐ This year’s International Shake Out Day is October 17, when millions of people worldwide will take part in earthquake drills (演习) at work, school, or home! It is a great way for your family or organization to become better prepared to survive and recover quickly from big earthquakes. At 10:17 am (local time) on 10/17, you can join millions of people across the world in practicing earthquake safety. While we encourage everyone to take part, you can sign up for your Shake Out drill for any day of the year, and drill at a time of your choice. You can also include people in different locations through videos. FIND YOUR REGION · Most participants (参与者) are in one of the official Shake Out Regions listed below the page (with current sign-up totals). People and organizations in other countries can also sign up. · All regions take part in it on October 17, 2024, unless specified. (As of Today) Global Totals US Totals Oct.17, 2024 Drills Over 270,000 Over 260,000 All 2024 Drills Over 1.10 million Over 950,000 All 2023 Drills Over 57.3 million Over 19.3 million Shake Out began in California and has also been organized in many other states and countries. Official Shake Out Regions require special local or regional cooperation, typically by an emergency (紧急情况) management agency or a union of many organizations. If you are interested in establishing Shake Out for your region, please contact us at https://www.shakeout.org. If your state, province, or country is not yet taking part, you can sign up for yourself or your organization as part of the global participation total. 1．What is the purpose of the activity? A．To raise people’s safety awareness. B．To stress the challenges of earthquakes. C．To help people get ready for an earthquake. D．To warn people of the danger of earthquakes. 2．How many people worldwide took part in the drills in 2023? A．Over 270,000. B．Over 950,000. C．Over 57.3 million. D．Over 19.3 million. 3．Where is the text from? A．A website. B．A book review. C．A guidebook. D．A diary entry. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了今年的国际地震演习活动，主要包括其目的、参与方式、参与人数和发展历史等信息。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is a great way for your family or organization to become better prepared to survive and recover quickly from big earthquakes. (对于你的家庭或组织来说，这是一个很好的方法，可以让你更好地准备好从大地震中生存和快速恢复。)”可推知，该活动的目的是通过演习帮助人们为地震做好准备。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据FIND YOUR REGION部分表格中“All 2023 Drills (2023年所有演习)”对应的“Global Totals Over 57.3 million (全球总数：超过5730万)”可知，2023年，全球有超过5730万人参加了演习。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据FIND YOUR REGION部分第一点中“Most participants (参与者) are in one of the official ShakeOut Regions listed below the page (with current sign-up totals). (大多数参与者都在页面下方列出的官方筛选区域之一(含当前的注册总数))。”可推知，该文章来自一个网站页面。故选A项。 Passage 4 难度⭐⭐ A woman in a cap wanders calmly along. Except for the lava (熔岩) erupting behind her, she could be walking in the park. The woman turns to watch the molten rock flow for a moment then walks calmly toward the camera. The footage(镜头) is from Werner Herzog’s book to volcanoes and volcano hunters, Into the Inferno, and the woman pictured is perhaps one of the most important volcanologists of all time, Katia Krafft. Born in France, in 1942, Katia developed an interest in volcanoes at an early age. Later, she met Maurice Krafft. The pair bonded over their shared love of volcanoes before marrying in 1970. The Kraffts wrote about 20 books on volcanoes across the globe. Katia and her husband made great progress in educating the general public in volcanology. Their footage had more than scientific value. For instance, when Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines began to show signs of an eruption in 1991, the Kraffts were able to present Philippine President Cory Aquino with video footage of the effects of the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, asking him to call for an evacuation of those in the danger zone. In 1969, Katia was awarded the prize of the Vocation Foundation for her work on active volcanic sites. The couple lost their lives, along with more than 40 others during the eruption of Mount Unzen in Japan on June 3.1991. when they were caught in a flow of rock, gas and ash moving at speeds of over 100 miles per hour, with temperatures of more than 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Katia was 49; Maurice, 45. Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has encouraged many young women to study our restless planet. “Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I’m doing this job,” says Carla Tiraboschi, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minster, Germany. Carla first saw Katia in a documentary when she was just six or seven years old and has been crazy about volcanoes ever since. 1．What can we infer from the book Into the Inferno? A．Its author is Katia Krafft. B．It’s a biography of Katia Krafft. C．It calls on protecting the environment. D．It focuses on volcanoes and their explorers. 2．What do we know about the couple? A．They prevented a natural disaster. B．They served as a warning in Japan. C．They helped spread volcano science. D．They covered Mount Pinatubo’s eruption. 3．Which can replace the underlined word “evacuation” in paragraph 3? A．Substance. B．Departure. C．Occupation. D．Intervention. 4．How did Katia influence Carla Tiraboschi? A．Katia’s death made her restless. B．Katia helped her with her research. C．Katia taught her to make a documentary. D．Katia’s deeds inspired her career choice. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本篇是一篇记叙文。Katia Krafft是一位来自法国的火山学家。在那个火山研究并不成熟的年代，她几十年如一日地追逐着危险的活火山，留下了无数惊人的影像与图像档案。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The footage is from Werner Herzog’s book to volcanoes and volcano hunters, Into the Inferno, and the woman pictured is perhaps one of the most important volcanologists of all time, Katia Krafft.(这张镜头来自沃纳·赫尔佐的书《深入火心》，照片中的女人可能是有史以来最重要的火山学家之一，卡蒂亚·克拉夫特)”可推知，该书主要介绍火山科学家探索世界上火山的故事。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Katia and her husband made great progress in educating the general public in volcanology.(卡蒂亚和她的丈夫在对公众进行火山学教育方面取得了很大进展)”可知，这对夫妇帮助传播火山的科学知识。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“For instance, when Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines began to show signs of an eruption in 1991, the Kraffts were able to present Philippine President Cory Aquino with video footage of the effects of the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, asking him to call for an(例如，当菲律宾的皮纳图博火山在1991年开始出现喷发迹象时，克拉夫特一家向菲律宾总统阿基诺提供了1985年哥伦比亚内华达德尔鲁伊斯火山喷发影响的视频片段，请他下令进行一次)”及“those in the danger zone(那些在危险地带的人)”可知，当火山有喷发迹象时，应让人们离开，疏散他们，evacuation表示“疏散、离开”，与departure意思相近。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I’m doing this job,” says Carla Tiraboschi, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minster, Germany. Carla first saw Katia in a documentary when she was just six or seven years old and has been crazy about volcanoes ever since.(“卡蒂亚·克拉夫特绝对是我从事这项工作的原因，”德国明斯特大学的博士后研究员卡拉·蒂拉博斯基说。卡拉在六七岁的时候第一次在纪录片中看到卡蒂亚，从那以后她就对火山着迷了)”可知，Carla Tiraboschi受Katia Krafft的事迹鼓舞，选择从事火山研究。故选D。 拔高篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. The analysis warns that number could grow to nearly 30,000 deaths a year by the middle of the century. Wildfire smoke is rarely listed as a cause of death on people’s death certificates. But research has shown that tiny particles present in smoke worsen many different health problems. These particles penetrate (渗透) deep into people’s lungs and can cross into the bloodstream or even into the brain. Repeated exposures, or high-concentration exposures, can worsen other health problems, from heart and kidney disease to promoting the onset of dementia (痴呆) symptoms. In some cases, the stress from wildfire smoke is so great that some people die. Because the harm from wildfire smoke can accumulate and isn’t always immediately obvious, the long-term risks from wildfire smoke exposure have gone underestimated. The NBER analysis used a suite of different computer models to figure out the relationship between fire activity and how much smoke was produced. In years like 2020, some northern  California counties were exposed to double their normal pollution load for the year. In conditions like those, the total number of deaths increased by almost 6%. Even small increases in smoke exposure averaged out over the year, push mortality up. Even with aggressive climate action in coming decades, wildfire activity is forecast to grow—and with it, smoke exposure. By the middle of the century, models suggest people across the U.S. will likely experience two to three times as much smoke as they did before 2020. Smoke-related deaths could rise by at least 8,000 people every year. With less aggressive climate action, the number of deaths could be even higher. 1．What can be learned about wildfire smoke exposure? A．It has become the main cause of death. B．It produces immediate harmful effects. C．It makes health problems more serious. D．It can be avoided by using dust masks. 2．What will happen to Americans according to the computer models? A．Experiencing less wildfire smoke exposure. B．Facing more deaths caused by heavy smoking. C．Having more deaths connected to wildfire smoke. D．Reducing wildfire activities with aggressive actions. 3．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A scientific report. B．Analysis of climate change. C．An academic paper. D．Research findings of wildfire. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Formation of Wildlife Smoke B．The Harm of Wildfire Smoke to Health C．The Ways to Reduce Wildfires D．The Causes of Too Many Wildfires 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的研究显示接触野火烟雾对人体健康影响很大，每年导致近1.6万人死亡，未来可能增至3万人。烟雾中的微小颗粒会加重多种疾病，其长期危害被低估。即使采取气候行动，野火活动和烟雾暴露预计仍会增加，导致死亡人数上升。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But research has shown that tiny particles present in smoke worsen many different health problems. (但研究表明，烟雾中的微小颗粒会恶化许多不同的健康问题)”可知，接触野火烟雾使健康问题更加严重。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By the middle of the century, models suggest people across the U.S. will likely experience two to three times as much smoke as they did before 2020. Smoke-related deaths could rise by at least 8,000 people every year. (模型显示，到本世纪中叶，美国各地的烟雾量可能会是2020年之前的两到三倍。与烟雾相关的死亡人数每年至少会增加8000人)”可知，根据计算机模型，美国将有更多的人死于野火烟雾。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. (根据美国国家经济研究局(NBER)今年4月发布的一份分析报告，新的研究表明，接触野火烟雾对健康的影响远远超出了烟雾天本身，美国每年有近1.6万人死亡)”可推知，文章应该是出自一份科学报告，具体呈现了该报告中提及的接触野火烟雾的危害。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. The analysis warns that number could grow to nearly 30,000 deaths a year by the middle of the century. (根据美国国家经济研究局(NBER)今年4月发布的一份分析报告，新的研究表明，接触野火烟雾对健康的影响远远超出了烟雾天本身，美国每年有近1.6万人死亡。该分析警告称，到本世纪中叶，这一数字可能会增长到每年近30000人死亡。)”和下文可知，文章围绕接触野火烟雾对人体健康的影响展开，这种接触每年导致近1.6万人死亡，未来可能增至3万人，烟雾中的微小颗粒会加重多种疾病，其长期危害被低估，即使采取气候行动，野火活动和烟雾暴露预计仍会增加，导致死亡人数上升。因此，B项“野火烟雾对健康的危害”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 难度⭐⭐⭐ Rescue efforts continue in North Africa, a region that has been hit with two major natural disasters. An earthquake struck Morocco on September 8. Two days later, rain brought devastating(毁灭性的)floods to parts of Libya. The 6.8-magnitude(震级)quake in Morocco was the strongest the country has seen in a century. Some 300,000 people have been affected, according to the UN. Many people have been sleeping outside, having lost their homes, or in case aftershocks cause more buildings to collapse. At press time(发稿时间), close to 3,000 people had died. “It’s a major disaster, ” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is. ” There are some people in Morocco who say their government has been too slow in sending help to these villages. Neighbors have had to take action to help one another. “I was asleep when the earthquake struck,” says Fatna Bechar, who lives in Moulay Brahim. “I was saved by my neighbors who cleared the rubble(瓦砾).”    In Libya, floodwaters broke through dams near the port city of Derna on September. The Wadi Derna river overflowed and swept through the city. Floors in apartment buildings collapsed. Several other towns suffered damage. Families have taken shelter in schools and government buildings. The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help, and countries in the region are also offering help. 1．How did Salah Ancheu feel according to Paragraph 3? A．Depressed. B．Confident C．Optimistic. 2．Who saved Fatna Bechar? A．His neighbours. B．His colleagues. C．His families. 3．What do we know about from the last paragraphs? A．Floodwaters broke through dams on October. B．Families have taken shelter in tents and hotels. C．The US is working with the UN to offer help. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Disasters in North Africa B．People Suffered in Disasters C．The UN Offered Help in Disasters 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在北非的摩洛哥和利比亚遭遇的两种自然灾害的袭击。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段““It’s a major disaster,” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is.”(“这是一场重大灾难，”住在阿米兹米兹村的萨拉赫·安楚说，“我们不知道未来会怎样。”）可知，萨拉赫·安楚不知道未来会怎样，可推理出说话者感到沮丧。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段““I was asleep when the earthquake struck,” says Fatna Bechar, who lives in Moulay Brahim. “I was saved by my neighbors who cleared the rubble(瓦砾).””（“地震发生时我正在睡觉，”住在穆莱·易卜拉欣的法特纳·贝查尔说。“我的邻居清理了瓦砾救了我。”）可知，是邻居救了法特纳·贝查尔。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help(美国表示，它正在与联合国合作，研究如何提供最佳帮助)”可知，美国正在与联合国合作提供帮助。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Rescue efforts continue in North Africa, a region that has been hit with two major natural disasters. An earthquake struck Morocco on September 8. Two days later, rain brought devastating(毁灭性的)floods to parts of Libya(北非救援工作持续进行，该地区遭受了两次重大自然灾害的袭击。9月8日摩洛哥发生了地震。两天后，雨水给利比亚部分地区带来了毁灭性的洪水)”、第三段““It’s a major disaster,” says Salah Ancheu, who lives in the village of Amizmiz, “We don’t know what the future is.”(“这是一场重大灾难，”住在阿米兹米兹村的萨拉赫·安楚说，“我们不知道未来会怎样。”）以及最后一段“The United States says it’s working with the UN on how best to help(美国表示，它正在与联合国合作，研究如何提供最佳帮助)”可知，文章主要讲述了北非地区遭受地震和洪水这两种自然灾害，以及其带来的破坏和救援情况。A项“Disasters in North Africa(北非的灾难）”表达的含义适合用做本文标题。故选 A。 Passage 3 难度⭐⭐⭐ Venice is no stranger to floods. The city experiences water increases from the rising tides at least four times a year, usually during winter. However, the 1.87-meter tide that swept through the city on November 12, 2019, was one of the highest ever experienced. To make matters worse, it was followed by two consecutive (持续的) water increases. The rapid series of high tides covered over 80 percent of the city of canals, causing widespread destruction (破坏) to museums, homes, and businesses. Though difficult, it is always important to find a silver lining (困境中的一线希望) after such events. In Venice, it has come in the form of the “Angels of the Salt”—hundreds of youth volunteers who have arrived in the beautiful city to help with the clean-up efforts. Piero Risica said, “When we saw the historic flooding on Tuesday night, we immediately started to gather volunteers to help the city. The first day we were 200 in the Telegram group and on the ground. Yesterday 550, and today more than 1,700.” In addition to helping drain (排空) the flood waters from residences and businesses, the young volunteers are also collecting the garbage and water-damaged devices and taking them to recycling centers. What makes Venetians annoyed is that the destruction could have been avoided if the Moveable Barrier System (MOSE) had been in place. The project to place moveable floodgates that would stop the high tides from covering the city has been under construction since 2003, and has already cost $5 billion. However, it is nowhere close to completion. 1．When is it easy for Venice to experience rising tides? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In winter. 2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A．To tell us the influence of high tides. B．To warn the danger of living in Venice. C．To compare the differences of past tides. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Angels of the Salt is famous in Italy. B．Angels of the Salt is in charge of rescue. C．Volunteers take an active part in the action to help Venice. 4．What makes Venetians dissatisfied? A．The unfinished MOSE. B．The destruction of MOSE. C．The waste of a lot of money. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2019年11月12日威尼斯遭受了前所未有的高水位侵袭，导致了巨大的破坏。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The city experiences water increases from the rising tides at least four times a year, usually during winter.(这座城市每年至少有四次因涨潮而水位上升，通常是在冬季。)”可知，威尼斯在冬季容易遭受上涨的潮水的袭击。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, the 1.87-meter tide that swept through the city on November 12, 2019, was one of the highest ever experienced. To make matters worse, it was followed by two consecutive (持续的) water increases. The rapid series of high tides covered over 80 percent of the city of canals, causing widespread destruction (破坏) to museums, homes, and businesses.(然而，2019年11月12日席卷该市的1.87米高的潮汐是有史以来最高的潮汐之一。更糟糕的是，随后又连续两次涨潮。一连串的快速涨潮覆盖了运河城市80%以上的面积，对博物馆、住宅和企业造成了广泛的破坏。)”可知，2019年11月12日的涨潮是有史以来最高的之一，并且之后两次持续的涨潮对博物馆、房屋和企业造成广泛破坏。因此，本段作者主要目的是介绍涨潮的影响。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first day we were 200 in the Telegram group and on the ground. Yesterday 550, and today more than 1,700.( 第一天，我们在Telegram群里实际上有200人。昨天550人，今天超过1700人。)”可知，大量的志愿者们积极参与行动，以帮助威尼斯渡过难关。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What makes Venetians annoyed is that the destruction could have been avoided if the Moveable Barrier System (MOSE) had been in place. (让威尼斯人恼火的是，如果移动屏障系统(MOSE)到位，破坏本可以避免。)”可知，威尼斯人不满意的就是可移动屏障系统没有完工。故选A。 Passage 4 难度⭐⭐⭐ The Jan.17, 1994, Northridge earthquake caused extensive damage to roadways in Los Angeles, particularly on the 10 Freeway east of Culver City. Two freeway bridges at La Cienega and Washington were knocked out, resulting in significant interruptions to the crucial east-west traffic corridor in central Los Angeles. The Santa Monica Freeway was reopened in less than three months, providing a boost to L.A．’s quake recovery. In recent events, a fire on the 10 Freeway, again closing the roadway, has brought comparison to 1994. The extent of the damage and repair timeline remain uncertain. Mayor Karen Bass emphasized the need for urgent action and a similar effort as the 1994 earthquake repairs. Here is a review of that epic 1994 repair effort from the pages of The Times. Officials knew right away they needed to get the freeway operating as soon as possible. With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages. It was estimated that the closure cost the economy $1 million per day. The closure of the freeway forced commuters to seek alternative routes, causing congestion (拥塞) on already crowded surface streets between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles. Detours (绕路) added delays of 20 minutes or more to travel times. Luckily, an accelerated construction effort was launched, involving round-the-clock work. This resulted in earlier-than-expected reopenings. Contractor C．C． Myers Inc. completed the project 74 days ahead of schedule. They received a $200, 000 bonus for each day the work was finished early. However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs. The repair efforts following the Northridge earthquake were characterized by intense and focused work to restore critical transportation infrastructure (基础设施). These experiences serve as a reference point for the current situation, calling for swift action in repairing the fire-damaged 10 Freeway. 1．Why was the recent fire compared to the 1994 earthquake? A．To indicate the severe damage it had caused B．To show citizens’ devotion to the repair work. C．To stress the necessity of immediate repair effort. D．To explain the difficulty of repairing the damage. 2．What is paragraphs 4 mainly about? A．The impacts of the freeway closure. B．The economic value of the freeway. C．The operating system of the freeway. D．The cost of the freeway construction. 3．What does the underlined word “escalated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Transformed. B．Mounted. C．Maintained. D．Restricted. 4．What do we know about the 1994 earthquake repairs? A．The repairs were accomplished in 74 days. B．The repairs were completed under budget. C．The repairs were mainly funded by C.C. Myers Inc.. D．The repairs were complicated and labor-demanding. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要回顾了1994年北岭地震后的修复工作。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In recent events, a fire on the 10 Freeway, again closing the roadway, has brought comparison to 1994. The extent of the damage and repair timeline remain uncertain. Mayor Karen Bass emphasized the need for urgent action and a similar effort as the 1994 earthquake repairs.(在最近的事件中，10号高速公路发生火灾，再次关闭了道路，这与1994年堪有一比。损坏程度和修复时间表仍不确定。市长Karen Bass强调，需要采取紧急行动，并做出与1994年地震修复类似的努力。)”可知，将最近的火灾与1994年的地震进行比较是为了强调立即修复工作的必要性。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages. It was estimated that the closure cost the economy $1 million per day. The closure of the freeway forced commuters to seek alternative routes, causing congestion(拥塞) on already crowded surface streets between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles. Detours(绕路) added delays of 20 minutes or more to travel times. (他们说，平均每天有34.1万辆汽车通过这条道路，货物到达目的地和工人上班所需的额外时间造成了数百万美元的生产和工资损失。据估计，关闭高速公路每天给经济造成100万美元的损失。高速公路的关闭迫使通勤者寻找其他路线，导致圣莫尼卡和洛杉矶市中心之间已经拥挤的地面街道拥堵。绕路会使旅行时间延迟20分钟以上。)”可知，本段主要讲的是高速公路关闭的影响。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Contractor C.C. Myers Inc. completed the project 74 days ahead of schedule. They received a $200, 000 bonus for each day the work was finished early. (承包商C.C. Myers Inc.提前74天完成了该项目。工作每提早完成一天，他们就能得到20万美元的奖金。)”说明承包商因为提前完成项目拿到更多的奖金，项目的成本增加了，从而推知划线词句“However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs.(然而，由于维修的复杂性和紧迫性，该项目的成本从最初的1490万美元escalated到近3000万美元。)”其中划线词汇意思是“增加，上升”。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages. (他们说，平均每天有34.1万辆汽车通过这条道路，货物到达目的地和工人上班所需的额外时间造成了数百万美元的生产和工资损失。)”及第五段中“However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs. (然而，由于修复的复杂性和紧迫性，该项目的成本从最初的1490万美元escalated到近3000万美元。)”可以推知，1994年地震的修复工作很复杂，而且需要大量劳动力。故选D项。 Passage 5 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ On May 7th, 1902, on the island of Martinique, Ludgar Sylbaris, the town’s drunk and troublemaker, got thrown into prison. However, it turned out to be the luckiest day of his life. Saint Pierre on Martinique was at the time known as the Paris of Caribbean. It had a big population of 30, 000 people and was a cultural centre. Martinique is home to Mount Pelee, one of the most active volcanoes in the world. In the weeks before Ludgar Sylbaris was thrown into prison, the volcano on the island of Martinique was showing signs of volcanic activity. Without modern Volcanology, people still sensed that something was going to happen, but they didn’t have a really good sense of how big or how dangerous the threat was. Thousands of people left the countryside and came to the city of Saint Pierre because they thought it would be safer there. That was a terrible mistake. The day after Ludgar Sylbaris went into that prison cell, Mount Pelee exploded. And in an instant 3, 000 people were killed. A pressure wave flattened every single building. Anyone who was unlucky enough to be outside was instantly burned to death. Those who were in shelter found themselves choking as their lungs were burned from the inside out. There was really no escape except for one person, Ludgar Sylbaris. The cell he was in had been built as an armory (军械库) . So it had been built within the thick walls and it happened that the only opening in it faced away from the eruption. Even so, super-hot air began to force its way underneath the door. And as his cell heated to extremely high temperatures, he was forced to take off his clothes, push them underneath the door and he peed (小便) on the clothes just to try to keep the hot air from entering. He was still badly burned and wasn’t found until four days later when rescuers heard his cries. 1．What caused so many people to die in the volcano eruption? A．Shortage of survival skills. B．Ignorance of modern Volcanology. C．Lack of good judgement of the threat. D．Unawareness of the volcanic activity signs. 2．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage? a. The volcano of Mount Pelee erupted. b. Buildings were flattened and no one escaped. c. Thousands of people fled to the city of Saint Pierre. d. Mount Pelee was showing signs of volcanic activity. e. Ludgar Sylbaris managed to save himself and was rescued. A．dbace B．abdce C．adceb D．dcabe 3．Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? A．The cell’s opening faced the eruption. B．The cell was far away from the eruption. C．Ludgar took proper self-rescue measures. D．Ludgar hid in the heavily-guarded armory. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the island of Martinique. B．To inspire people to explore the Mount Pelee. C．To provide ways to survive a volcano eruption. D．To tell the story of a volcano eruption survivor. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个真实的历史事件——1902年培雷山火山爆发的灾难，以及一个名为Ludgar Sylbaris如何让因为被关在监狱中而意外生还的故事。   1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Without modern Volcanology, people still sensed that something was going to happen, but they didn’t have a really good sense of how big or how dangerous the threat was.(由于缺乏现代火山学，人们仍然感觉到有事将要发生，但他们并不真正了解威胁的大小或危险性。) ”可知， 尽管人们意识到了火山活动的迹象，但由于缺乏现代火山学知识，他们未能准确判断情况的严重性，导致误判和错误的应对措施。这反映了对火山威胁的判断力不足。故选C。 2．细节理解题。文章第三段“the volcano on the island of Martinique was showing signs of volcanic activity.(马提尼克岛上的火山显示出火山活动的迹象)”对应d；然后提到“Thousands of people left the countryside and came to the city of Saint Pierre.(成千上万的人离开农村来到圣皮埃尔市)”，对应c；第四段“Mount Pelee exploded.(贝利山喷发了)”对应a；然后提到“A pressure wave flattened every single building. Anyone who was unlucky enough to be outside was instantly burned to death. (压力波夷平了每一栋建筑。任何不幸在外面的人都会立即被烧死)”，对应a；最后一段“He was still badly burned and wasn’t found until four days later when rescuers heard his cries.(他仍然严重烧伤，直到四天后救援人员听到他的哭声才被发现)”对应e。所以文章先提及培雷山的火山活动迹象，然后是人们逃往圣皮埃尔市，接着是火山爆发，之后是建筑被毁和人员的伤亡，最后是Ludgar Sylbaris的生还。正确的顺序是 dcabe。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据问题，答案可以定位到文章最后一段。根据原文“Even so, super-hot air began to force its way underneath the door. And as his cell heated to extremely high temperatures, he was forced to take off his clothes, push them underneath the door and he peed on the clothes just to try to keep the hot air from entering.(即便如此，高温的空气开始从门下方涌入。随着牢房温度剧增，他被迫脱下衣服，塞在门下，并在衣服上小便，试图阻止热空气进入。)”可知，Ludgar Sylbaris 在极端环境下采取了脱衣服、塞门缝，并在衣服上小便的方式来避免热空气伤害，这些行为属于适当的自救措施。故选C。 4．推理判断题。 根据文章的结构，作者段首介绍了故事的人物和背景，段尾讲述了故事的结局。通过阅读全文，可以看出文章按照时间顺序讲述了培雷山火山爆发的故事，并重点讲述了Ludgar Sylbaris作为幸存者的故事。文章的目的是讲述一个火山爆发幸存者的故事。故选D。 $$