11 特殊句式 -【中职专用】2025年对口升学英语二轮复习专项突破(全国通用)

2024-10-25
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专题10 特殊句式 祈使句,感叹句,倒装句和强调句 祈使句 一、定义: 祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常省略主语(you),句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调。 1.常见祈使句 祈使句的类型 肯定结构 否定结构 例句 以系动词be开头的祈使句 (be型) be+形容词 / 名词 Don’t be +其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语) Be quiet / quick!   安静些!/快点!        Be a good student! 做个好学生! Don’t be careless!     别粗心。   Never be late again next time! 下次不要再迟到。 ①be不能省略 ②否定副词not不可置于be之后 以实义动词开头的祈使句 (do型) 动词原形+宾语(+其他)。 Don’t +动词原形+其他 Come in, please!  请进! Please open your books!请翻开书! Don’t believe him!   别相信他! Don’t worry!   别担心! Never do it again!  不要再这样做了! 有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。 let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 a. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他 b. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let him do it by himself.   让他自己做。 Let me help you. 让我帮助你。 Let’s go to the park. 让我们去公园。 Let her not do that. 别让她那样做。 Don’t let us go, please. 请别让我们离开。。 2.注意的几点: 1)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/ V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如: NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照! No parking! 禁止停车! 2)用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,在句尾加please,在please前加逗号“,”。 Please sit down. Go this way,please. 请这边走。 3) 祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming,come here. 李明,过来。 Come here,Li Ming. 过来,李明。 4)祈使句的反义疑问句。 1).祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。 例如: Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信,好吗? Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗? 2) .祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。 例如: Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗? 3) . Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其它均用will you。 例如: Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走,好吗? Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步,好吗? 4)祈使句的回答。 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:A.形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致) B.意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思)。 在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。 例如: --- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。 注意 Let's包括对方,Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。 Let's go,shall we?咱们去吧,怎么样? Let us go,will you?让我们去吧,行吗?(征求对方的意见) 回答Let's do sth的反意疑问句句型时,肯定时用Yes,let's.否定时用NO,let's not. 感叹句 一、定义 感叹句是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。 感叹句一般由what或how引导,句末加感叹号“!”。 如: What a bad day it is today! How interesting the book is! 二、结构 形式 结构 例句 What引导的感叹句 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)! What a clever girl (she is)! 那位女孩真聪明! What an old house (it is)! 这间房子真旧! What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)! What beautiful flowers (they are)! 这些花真漂亮! What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! What fine weather (it is)! 今天的天气真好! 注意: 1.感叹句中常见的不可数名词有:work, weather, news, advice, information等 2.主语和谓语可以省略 How引导的感叹句 How + 形容词 + (主语 + 谓语)! How beautiful (the girl is)! 那位姑娘多么漂亮呀! How + 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)! How fast (he runs)! 他跑得多么快呀! How +主语+谓语! (此时,主谓不可省略) How time flies! 光阴似箭! 记忆口诀: 去主谓, 定末尾, 名词what, 形副how.形名相连用what. 形名不连要用how. 三、解题技巧 技巧:一找主,二向前,三判断。 一找主: 找到感叹句中的主谓,感叹句中的主谓通常可以省略。 二向前:找到主语后,再看主语前面的单词。 三判断: 如果主语前是形容词或副词,用感叹词How。如果是名词则用what。若名词是可数名词单数,what后记得带上a/an。 倒装句 倒装句可分为完全倒装和部分倒装 一、完全倒装:将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。 适合时态:通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去式。 1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。 Here is your letter. 这是你的信。 Then came his mother. 那时他妈妈来了。 2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老奶奶。 3. 完全倒装句型结构的主语必须是名词。如果主语是人称代词,不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走了。 2、 部分倒装 部分倒装:将谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词)倒装置主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需要添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语时使用,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, no time, in no way, not until 等。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你怎么也不可能找到这个问题的答案的。 Never have I seen such a performance. 我从没见过这么糟糕的表演。 2. 用 not until 引出主从复合句时,主句倒装,从句不倒装。 中文:直到孩子入睡后母亲才离开房间。 原句:The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 倒装句:Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 3. 用 so, neither, nor表示“也(不)”时,使用部分倒装。 Tom can speak German, so can Jack. 汤姆会说德语,杰克也会。 If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去的话,我也不。 注意:当so引出的句子是为了对前文内容加以肯定或证实时,意为“的确如此”,则不可用倒装结构。 — It's raining hard. 雨下得好大。 — So it is. 还真是。 4. only位于句首,并后跟副词、介词短语或从句等状语时,主句需要用倒装结构。 Only in this way can you speak English well. 只有通过这种方法你才能更好地讲英语。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得很重时,才会卧床休息。 5. as和though可引导倒装句 1)名词+as/though+主语+动词:此时的动词多为系统词,且句首名词不加冠词(即使有形容词)。 Queen as she was, she was unhappy. 她虽是女王,也并不幸福。 Great teacher though he is, he can't know everything. 尽管他是一名伟大的教师,也不可能什么都会。 2)形容词+as/though+主语+动词:此时动词同样多为系动词。 Beautiful though the necklace was, we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很好看,但我们还是认为价格太高。 3)副词+as/though+主语+动词 Fast as you read, you can't finish this book in two days. 尽管你读得很快,还是不可能两天读完这本书。 4)动词原形+as/though+主语+动词:主语后的动词通常为may, might等情态动词或助动词。 Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他,但也不能否认他的伟大。 5)分词+as/though+主语+动词 Raining hard as it is, I'm going out for a walk. 尽管下着大雨,我还是要出去走一走。 6. Not only… but also…, Hardly… when…, No sooner… than…, so… that…等句型,可能需要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门,就有个学生来探望她。 So frightened was he that he didn't dare to move an inch. 他被吓得动都不敢动。 7. 在虚拟语气条件句中,从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if省略,把were, had, should移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。 中文:我是你的话,我就再试一次。 原句:If I were you, I would try it again. 倒装句:Were I you, I would try it again. 强调句 基本句型 "It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分"。 强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等,但不能用来强调谓语。 强调主语:"It was I who/that saw him on the street last night."(昨晚是我在街上看见他的。) 强调宾语:"It was him who/that I saw on the street last night."(昨晚是我在街上看见他的。) 强调地点状语:"It was on the street that I saw him last night."(昨晚我是在街上看见他的。) 强调时间状语:"It was last night that I saw him on the street."(昨晚是我在街上看见他的。) 此外,强调句型还可以用于特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中, 特殊疑问句:"Is it Peter that is to take part in the city sports meeting?" (是彼得要参加市运动会吗?) 一般疑问句:"Was it in 1939 that the second world war broke out?" (二战正是在1939年那一年爆发的吗?) 注意,如果将 "it, be, that" 去掉,如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整,那么这个句子就是强调句;如果句子不完整,则不是强调句。 巩固练习 一、单项选择: 1. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there. A. Not to forget    B. Not forget   C. Forget not    D. Don’t forget 2. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____? A. won’t we       B. will you    C. don’t we     D. shall we 3. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —I ____.  A. don’t          B. won’t        C. can’t       D. haven’t 4. ______ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let      B. Let do    C. Doing let       D. To do let 5. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train. A. Getting     B. Get       C. To get         D. Got 6. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous. A. Not play    B. Not to play  C. Don’t play     D. Don’t to play 7. Please ______ me some money. A. lend        B. lending    C. borrow         D. borrowing 8. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated. A. be         B. are        C. is              D. being 9. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus. A. Not parking   B. Not smoking   C. No parking   D. No smoking 10. Never come late again, ______? A. will you      B. won’t you    C. do you      D. does he 11._______beautiful flowers they are! A.How    B. What   C. What a  D.How a  12._______lovely girl she is! A. What    B. How    C. What a  D.How a 13._______great our country is! A. What    B. How  a C. What a  D.How 14.______beautiful music we are listening to! A. How  a B. What a     C. What    D.How 15._____hard-working Chinese people are ! A. How      B. What    C. How a  D.What a  16.______ lovely bear it is! A. What   B. How   C. What a D.What an 17.  Look,_____.So long. A.here the bus comes     B.here is the bus coming C.here comes the bus      D.here the bus is coming 18.Out_____,with a stick in his hand,shouting. A.did he rush        B.rushed he         C.he rushed          D.he did rush 19. So carelessly_____that he almost kills himself. A.he drives       B.he drove         C.does he drive       D.did he drive 20.Early in the morning_____the news_____the enemy had been defeated. A.come;that    B.came;that        C.comes;that          D.came;what 21.  Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____them well.   A.you can learn    B.can you learn     C.you learned     D.did you learn 22. Not only_____to stay at home,but he was also forbidden to meet his family. A.he was forcing   B.he was forced     C.was he forcing   D.was he forced 23. Not until his father was out of prison_____back to school.   A.can John go     B.John can go      C.could John go      D.John could go 24. Little_____about his own health though he was badly ill.   A.he cared        B.did he care           C.does he care         D.he cares 25. Seldom_____to see his parents although he lives so close to them. A.he goes          B.he went          C.did he go            D.does he go 26. Hardly_____down_____my son came in to ask me for some money. A.had I sat;than   B.I had sat;when      C.had I sat;then      D.had I sat;when                              27. ---She did a good job in the college entrance examination.  ---Yes,_____.Both of them were admitted into universities. A.so I did      B.so did I        C.so did me       D.so did her brother 28. If you don’t accept the invitation to the dinner,_____.   A.neither do I        B.nor shall I        C.so do I         D.so will I 29. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site. A. that                  B. when                         C. while                D.as 30. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.   A. was until; when            B. was until; that          C. wasn’t until; when                 D. wasn’t until; that 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题10 特殊句式练习答案及解析 1. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there. A. Not to forget    B. Not forget    C. Forget not    D. Don’t forget 【答案】D。 【解析】“Don't forget to do sth.”表示“不要忘记做某事”。 2. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____? A. won’t we       B. will you    C. don’t we     D. shall we 【答案】 D。 【解析】“Let's...”的反意疑问句用“shall we”。 3. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —I ____.  A. don’t          B. won’t        C. can’t       D. haven’t 【答案】 B。 【解析】“I won't.”表示“我不会忘记的”。 4. ______ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let      B. Let do    C. Doing let       D. To do let 【答案】 A。 【解析】“Do let sb. do sth.”表示“一定要让某人做某事”。 5. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train. A. Getting     B. Get       C. To get         D. Got 【答案】 B。 【解析】“祈使句,or...”结构,用动词原形开头。 6. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous. A. Not play    B. Not to play  C. Don’t play     D. Don’t to play 【答案】C。 【解析】“Don't play in the street.”表示“不要在街上玩”。 7. Please ______ me some money. A. lend        B. lending    C. borrow         D. borrowing 【答案】 A。 【解析】“lend sb. sth.”表示“借给某人某物”,please 后用动词原形。 8. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated. A. be         B. are        C. is              D. being 【答案】 A。 【解析】“Please be seated.”表示“请就座”。 9. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus. A. Not parking   B. Not smoking   C. No parking   D. No smoking 【答案】 D。 【解析】公交车上常见“禁止吸烟”的标志是“No smoking”。 10. Never come late again, ______? A. will you      B. won’t you    C. do you      D. does he 【答案】 A。 【解析】“Never...”的反意疑问句用“will you”。 11._______beautiful flowers they are! A.How    B. What    C. What a  D.How a  【答案】B。 【解析】“What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!”,“beautiful flowers”是名词短语,用“What”。 12._______lovely girl she is! A. What    B. How    C. What a  D.How a 【答案】C。 【解析】“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”,“lovely girl”是单数名词短语,用“What a”。 13._______great our country is! A. What    B. How  a C. What a  D.How 【答案】 D。 【解析】“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”,“great”是形容词,“our country is”是主谓结构,用“How”。 14.______beautiful music we are listening to! A. How  a B. What a     C. What    D.How 【答案】C。 【解析】“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”,“beautiful music”是不可数名词短语,用“What”。 15._____hard-working Chinese people are ! A. How      B. What    C. How a  D.What a  【答案】A。 【解析】“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”,“hard-working”是形容词,“Chinese people are”是主谓结构,用“How”。 16.______ lovely bear it is! A. What   B. How   C. What a D.What an 【答案】 C。 【解析】“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”,“lovely bear”是单数名词短语,用“What a”。 17.  Look,_____.So long. A.here the bus comes     B.here is the bus coming C.here comes the bus      D.here the bus is coming 【答案】C。 【解析】here 位于句首,句子要完全倒装,即“here + 谓语 + 主语”,“comes the bus”符合。 18.Out_____,with a stick in his hand,shouting. A.did he rush        B.rushed he         C.he rushed          D.he did rush 【答案】 C。 【解析】“out”位于句首,句子要用全部倒装,但主语是代词时不倒装,“he rushed”符合。 19. So carelessly_____that he almost kills himself. A.he drives       B.he drove         C.does he drive       D.did he drive 【答案】 D。 【解析】so + 形容词/副词位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装,且根据语境用过去时,“did he drive”符合。 20.Early in the morning_____the news_____the enemy had been defeated. A.come;that    B.came;that        C.comes;that          D.came;what 【答案】 B。 【解析】“Early in the morning”位于句首,句子完全倒装,“came the news”;“the enemy had been defeated”是 news 的同位语从句,用 that 引导。 21.  Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____them well.   A.you can learn    B.can you learn      C.you learned      D.did you learn 【答案】B。 【解析】“only + 状语从句”位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,“can you learn”符合。 22. Not only_____to stay at home,but he was also forbidden to meet his family. A.he was forcing   B.he was forced      C.was he forcing   D.was he forced 【答案】D。 【解析】“not only...but also...” 连接两个句子,not only 部分要部分倒装,且 he 与 force 是被动关系,“was he forced” 符合。 23. Not until his father was out of prison_____back to school.   A.can John go     B.John can go       C.could John go      D.John could go 【答案】 C。 【解析】“not until...”位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,could John go 符合。 24. Little_____about his own health though he was badly ill.   A.he cared        B.did he care           C.does he care         D.he cares 【答案】B。 【解析】“little”位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,且用过去时,“did he care”符合。 25. Seldom_____to see his parents although he lives so close to them. A.he goes          B.he went          C.did he go            D.does he go 【答案】D。 【解析】“seldom”位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,且用一般现在时,“does he go”符合。 26. Hardly_____down_____my son came in to ask me for some money. A.had I sat;than   B.I had sat;when     C.had I sat;then      D.had I sat;when            【答案】D。 【解析】“hardly...when...”一……就……,hardly 位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,“had I sat”符合。                  27. ---She did a good job in the college entrance examination.  ---Yes,_____.Both of them were admitted into universities. A.so I did      B.so did I        C.so did me       D.so did her brother 【答案】D。 【解析】so + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 另一主语,表示“另一主语也……”,“her brother”是第三人称单数,“so did her brother”符合。   28. If you don’t accept the invitation to the dinner,_____.   A.neither do I        B.nor shall I        C.so do I         D.so will I 【答案】 B。 【解析】“if...not...”引导的条件状语从句,否定句要用 nor/neither + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语,且根据主将从现原则,用 nor shall I。 29. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site. A. that                  B. when                         C. while                D.as 【答案】A。 【解析】“It was...that...”是强调句型,强调“not until midnight”,所以用 that。  30. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.   A. was until; when            B. was until; that          C. wasn’t until; when                 D. wasn’t until; that 【答案】 D。 【解析】“It is/was not until...that...”是强调句型,强调“我们在一起待了几周后才发现有很多共同之处”,用“wasn't until;that”。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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11 特殊句式 -【中职专用】2025年对口升学英语二轮复习专项突破(全国通用)
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