专项4 阅读理解--沪教牛津版八年级上册期中专项

原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 专项 4 阅读理解（答案解析） Passage 1 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了筷子的起源和中国的传统文化。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Chinese history says that the Chinese had chopsticks as far as the Xia Dynasty (about 4, 000 years ago).”可知筷子最早在夏朝出现，故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“The most expensive chopsticks are made of part of tusks of elephants and hard green stones.”可知最贵的筷子是象牙和硬绿石制成的，故选 C。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“In history many kings used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous (有毒的).”可知是为了确保食物安全，故选 B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章“Many Westerners, tourists put aside their knives and forks in favor of chopsticks in China.”可知在中国，许多西方人愿意使用筷子而不是叉子和刀。故选 C。 Passage 2 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲了一群志愿者齐心协力救助海豚的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Suddenly I saw more and more dolphins become beached after the tide (潮水) went out.”可知，海豚突然被搁浅了，它们无法游回大海。故选 C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Minutes later, three teenage boys of a nearby school were the first to arrive.” 以及“Not knowing what to do, I turned to the Internet for help, hoping people nearby could see my post and come to save those lovely animals.”可知，最终解救海豚的是住在附近的人。故选 B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“On a cold November day, nobody was afraid of being wet and tired. We tried our best to ensure the safety of everybody. I will never forget this experience.”可知，最后一段主要 讲了志愿者们尽了最大的努力去拯救海豚，其目的是高度评价志愿者的善良。故选 C。 4．细节理解题。根据“That was too dangerous. Those dolphins needed help---and fast.”可知，作者 一开始担心海豚的安危；根据“Minutes later, three teenage boys of a nearby school were the first to arrive, It was like light piercing (穿透) the darkness.”可知，看到有人来作者很兴奋；根据“However, to everyone’s surprise, no dolphin left by itself after it got free.”可知，海豚获救后没有自己离开， 这让作者很惊讶；再由“It warmed my heart that the dolphins showed a sense of belonging (归 属)—helping each other in face of difficulty.”可知，海豚表现出的归属感让作者感到很暖心。故 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 选 A。 Passage 3 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国老品牌如“蜂花”等如何通过直播销售等方式起死回生的。 1．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了中国老品牌如“蜂花”等如何通过直播销售等方式起死回生的， 以选项 C“拯救老品牌”为标题最合适。故选 C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In early September, anger over a Chinese makeup brand’s eyebrow pens (眉 笔) lit up the internet. Some people thought that they were too expensive as it cost 79 yuan to get three pens. Shortly after, Bee & Flower started to sell three large bottles of hair care products for the same price”可知九月初，对中国化妆品品牌眉笔的愤怒点燃了互联网，一些人认为它们太 贵了，因为买三支钢笔要花 79元，不久之后，蜂花开始以同样的价格销售三大瓶护发产品， 所以是人们对昂贵的眉笔的愤怒给了蜂花销售产品的机会。故选 C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Many Chinese brands took their chance by selling through livestreaming (直 播). What’s more, they also helped sell each other’s products”可知一些中国品牌在直播中帮助销 售其他品牌的产品。故选 B。 4．细节理解题。根据“How can brands keep people interested? Good products with good prices. The brands shouldn’t take advantage of people’s trust. They should turn it into a reason to make their products better”可知品牌必须使他们的产品更好才能满足买家的信任和良好愿望。故选 A。 Passage 4 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国残疾人田径运动员周召倩的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Born in Hebei Province in 1997, Zhou had a happy childhood until a car accident caused her right leg to be cut off in the hospital at the age of 5.”可知，2022年她失去了 右腿。故选 C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“She didn’t give up going to school and even went to college to study computer skills.”可知，她继续去上学。故选 D。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“She didn’t give up going to school and even went to college to study computer skills.”可知，她在大学学习电脑技能。故选 C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I hope to improve my ability by taking part in more competitions” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 可知，她希望通过参加更多的比赛来提高能力。故选 A。 Passage 5 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了电子游戏的历史。 1 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“The first people to play video or electronic games were the computer engineers in the 1960s.”可知，计算机工程师在 20世纪 60年代开始玩电子游戏。故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Video games first appeared in the shops in the early 1970s. Many of these games included sports, such as table tennis.”可知，电子游戏在 20世纪 70年代初首次出现在 商店里，这些游戏中有许多包括体育项目，比如乒乓球，所以体育类电子游戏最早出现在商店 里。故选 A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“or board games (棋盘游戏), such as chess”可知，国际象棋属于棋 盘游戏。故选 B。 4．词义猜测题。根据第二段“You can buy sports games which improve co-ordination, for example, football”可知，你可以购买提高……的体育游戏，例如足球，故推知此处表示“可以提高协调能 力”，co-ordination意为“协调”。故选 D。 Passage 6 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍重阳节的由来，这一天人们通常登山、饮菊花酒，家庭聚会共享秋色。 1．细节理解题。根据“In a book called Yi Jing...or the Chongyang Festival. In Chinese, ‘chong’ means ‘double’.”可知，《易经》讲述了阴和阳代表的意义。故选 D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Fei Changfang suddenly stopped and said to Huang Jing that his family would have a big problem on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.”可知，费长芳对他说重阳节这一天他 家里要出问题。故选 B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“After hearing this, Huang Jing thought he had to hasten to his home. He rode a horse and didn’t have a rest on his way home.”可知，他骑马，在回家的路上没有休息，可知应 该是快回家。故选 A。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍重阳节的由来，因此在“中国节日”这一栏能读到这篇文章。故 选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 Passage 7 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了动物的冬眠，以帮助人们更好地对其进行了解。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hibernation is very different from what happens when you sleep.”和 “Their brain activity becomes very slow”可知，冬眠时，动物的大脑活动会减缓，故选 C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Some animals hibernate when there is no food. Echidnas (针鼹), for example, will hibernate after fires.”可知，文章以针鼹为例是为了说明冬眠并不总是因为温度， 还会因为其它的原因。故选 D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There are many mammals (哺乳动物) that hibernate. Most of them are small—weigh less than 90 grams.”可知，冬眠的哺乳动物通常体型很小，故选 A。 4．主旨大意题。阅读全文并根据第一段“For people who don’t like winter, animals that hibernate (冬眠) seem to have the right idea. But is hibernation the same as sleeping?”可知，本文主要是想让 人们更多的了解冬眠，故选 A。 Passage 8 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国文化中的幸运数字和不幸运数字。 1．细节理解题。根据“In Chinese culture, some numbers are believed to be lucky or unlucky based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.”可知，在中国文化中，人们认为数字是否 幸运是基于数字的发音。故选 B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The number 9 also stands for ‘long lasting’.”可知，数字 9在中国文化中代 表“长久”，即“everlasting”。故选 C。 3．推理判断题。根据“In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip all floors numbered with 4”可知， 香港的一些建筑会跳过所有带有 4的楼层，因此，最高 60层的建筑要排除 4、14、24、34、 44、54、40～49，因此实际只有 44层。故选 D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国文化中的幸运数字和不幸运数字。 故选 D。 Passage 9 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 5 【导语】本文描述了用外语学习和思考有其自身的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据“As Keysar explained, people have more careful thinking when using a foreign language, leading to memories with greater accuracy (准确性).”可知，在 Keysar 的实验中，与母语 相比，人们在使用外语时更加认真。故选 D。 2．细节理解题。根据“As Keysar explained, people have more careful thinking when using a foreign language, leading to memories with greater accuracy (准确性).”可知，根据 Keysar 的说法，使用外 语能够提高记忆的准确性。故选 B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Being tolerant of uncertainty allows people to have more creative ideas and be more open to new things.”可知，面对不确定性和进入陌生环境的容忍度更高的人会有更多的创 造性想法，并且更开放。故选 A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“As it turns out, just studying and thinking in a foreign language has its own benefits!”和通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了学习外语的好处。故选 D。 Passage 10 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了罗马数字及阿拉伯数字的特点和发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ, Ⅹ’ ”可知，如果你想说 5，你可以把四个 手指放在一边，大拇指放在另一边。故选 C。 2．词句猜测题。结合上文和“But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see”以及“on some watches and clocks” 可知，罗马数字难写难算，今天已近很少人使用了，但是我们仍然能在手表和时钟里看到罗马 数字，故此处的“them”指的是罗马数字。故选 D。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you know the numbers 0-9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numbers”可知，“0”在阿拉伯数字中是“零”的意思。故选 D。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals...people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot”可知，印度人首先创造并使用阿拉伯数字。在 8世 纪晚期，阿拉伯国家的人们知道了它们。然后阿拉伯人把它们带到了欧洲。所以欧洲人称它们 为阿拉伯数字。今天，世界各地的人们都在使用阿拉伯数字。故选 B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 专项 4 阅读理解 Passage 1 Though chopsticks are used in many Asian countries, they have their beginning in China. Chinese history says that the Chinese had chopsticks as far as the Xia Dynasty (about 4, 000 years ago). In the Spring and Autumn Period, copper and iron chopsticks appeared. Then in Han Dynasty lacquered (上漆 ) chopsticks came. Gold and silver chopsticks followed later. Today we have chopsticks made of plastics. The most expensive chopsticks are made of part of tusks of elephants and hard green stones. Chopsticks tell Chinese tradition in their way. In ancient times the rich used hard green stone or gold chopsticks to show their wealth. In history many kings used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous (有毒的). It was said that if it was, the silver chopsticks would turn black. Chopsticks are traditionally given to a daughter when she marries to show that they should have a son very soon. Tianzhu chopsticks from Hangzhou, wooden chopsticks from Shanyang of Shanxi Province, and Beijing’s chopsticks are well-known. Many Westerners, tourists put aside their knives and forks in favor of chopsticks in China. Chopsticks appeared in the old Chinese story: an old man teaches his sons a lesson by showing how he could easily break a single chopstick but not a number of them. In China, chopsticks are connected with good luck. So on the New Year’s Eve many families will lay out new chopsticks at Passage 1: 筷子的起源 Passage 2: 齐心协力救助海豚 Passage 3: 国货品牌直播迎来新生 Passage 4: 身残志坚的运动员 Passage 5: 电子游戏的历史 Passage 6: 重阳节的由来 Passage 7: 动物的冬眠 Passage 8: 中国文化中的幸运数字 Passage 9: 外语思维的好处 Passage 10: 罗马数字和阿拉伯数字 话题概览 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 dinners as a way of making wishes for luck. ( )1．When did chopsticks first appear? A．In the Xia Dynasty. B．In the Spring and Autumn Period. C．In the Han Dynasty. D．About 400 years ago. ( )2．Which kind of chopsticks cost most? A．Silver chopsticks. B．Copper chopsticks. C．Hard green stone chopsticks. D．Lacquered chopsticks. ( )3．Why did many kings use silver chopsticks in ancient times? A．To show that they were rich. B．To make sure that their food were safe. C．To show the Chinese tradition. D．To show that they had many sons. ( )4．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．Plastic chopsticks appeared much earlier than iron ones. B．Wooden chopsticks from Hangzhou are well known. C．Many Westerners prefer chopsticks to forks and knives in China. D．People used chopsticks to teach students in the past. Passage 2 Sitting in my car, I was watching dolphins swim in the ocean. It was such an enjoyment. Suddenly I saw more and more dolphins become beached after the tide (潮水) went out. That was too dangerous. Those dolphins needed help—and fast. Without thinking too much, I jumped off my car and ran toward them. I first called the police and Wildlife Protection Organization, but their hands were far and away. On the beach hardly a person could be seen. For those dolphins, it was a life-or-death moment. Not knowing what to do, I turned to the Internet for help, hoping people nearby could see my post and come to save those lovely animals. Minutes later, three teenage boys of a nearby school were the first to arrive, It was like light piercing (穿透 ) the darkness. Then more and more people arrived after that. With direction from fishermen, about 40 volunteers were able to get to work on digging, pulling and bringing smaller dolphins to deeper waters. However, to everyone’s surprise, no dolphin left by itself after it got free. When the tide began 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 to rise, the dolphins chirped (唧唧叫 ) to encourage each other until all 16 dolphins were set free, they soon returned to their ocean home together. It warmed my heart that the dolphins showed a sense of belonging (归属)—helping each other in face of difficulty. Looking around, I understood that our volunteer group is very similar to the dolphins. On a cold November day, nobody was afraid of being wet and tired. We tried our best to ensure the safety of everybody. I will never forget this experience. ( )1．What happened to the dolphins suddenly according to Paragraph 1? A．They asked for help. B．They were brought to deeper waters. C．They couldn’t swim back to the sea.D．They chirped to encourage each other ( )2．Who saved the dolphins at last? A．The police. B．Nearby people. C．A fisherman. D．People from an organization. ( )3．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to protect the animals. B．To state the importance of the safety. C．To speak highly of the volunteers’ kindness. D．To present the relationship between animals and humans. ( )4．How did the writer’s feelings change during that day? A．Worried→excited→surprised→warm B．Happy→surprised→tired→joyful C．Excited→worried→happy→peaceful D．Excited→worried→surprised→happy Passage 3 Do you know about Bee & Flower? It was once a well-known hair care brand (品牌) in China. Many brands like this have “disappeared” because young people don’t know about them. But recently, some old Chinese brands have made a comeback. It’s a good start, but there’s more to it. In early September, anger over a Chinese makeup brand’s eyebrow pens (眉笔 ) lit up the internet. Some people thought that they were too expensive as it cost 79 yuan to get three pens. Shortly after, Bee & Flower started to sell three large bottles of hair care products for the same price. It showed that Chinese products could still be cost-effective (划算的) . 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 Many Chinese brands took their chance by selling through livestreaming (直播). What’s more, they also helped sell each other’s products. For example, hosts of sports brand Erke washed their hair with Bee & Flower products. Many people can’t stop buying these products. Why? For one thing, they think that the products of these Chinese brands are good to use and don’t cost much. Also, it makes buyers feel proud. They can help these old brands “come back to life” by buying the products. Buyers believe in these brands and will use their money to help them grow. However, livestreaming events should only be a start. How can brands keep people interested? Good products with good prices. The brands shouldn’t take advantage of people’s trust. They should turn it into a reason to make their products better. ( )1．What do you think the best title is of the text? A．New Bee & Flower B．A good start recently C．Saving old brands D．Making a comeback ( )2．Which of the following gave Bee & Flower the chance to sell their products? A．It was once a well-known hair care brand in China. B．Many young people didn’t know about them at all. C．People were angry about the expensive eyebrow pens. D．Many Chinese products could still be cost-effective. ( )3．How did some Chinese brands do during the livestreaming? A．Many brands like this have disappeared. B．They helped sell the goods of other brands. C．Many people didn’t stop buying these things. D．Livestreaming events should only be a start. ( )4．What must the brands do to meet the buyers’ trust and good wish? A．To make their products better. B．To keep people interested. C．To thank Erke for his helping. D．To sell everything at 79 yuan. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 5 Passage 4 After winning the women’s wheelchair race 1,500m-T54 at the 4th Asian Para Games (亚残会) on October 23, 26-year-old Zhou Zhaoqian from China said it was her best-ever birthday present. Born in Hebei Province in 1997, Zhou had a happy childhood until a car accident caused her right leg to be cut off in the hospital at the age of 5. However, she showed very strong fighting spirit rather than just giving in to the life, with support and encouragement from her family. She didn’t give up going to school and even went to college to study computer skills. In 2012, Zhou began her career as a sportswoman. After four years of hard work, she failed to qualify (取得资格) for the Rio Paralympic Games (里约残奥会). Later, she changed her skills and trained even harder. She successfully returned to the top list in the country in 2017. From then on, Zhou started to shine in almost all competitions and made rapid progress (进步). Zhou, who has already qualified for the Paris Paralympic Games, will also take part in the wheelchair races of the 100m, 400m, and 800m events at Hangzhou. “I hope to improve my ability by taking part in more competitions,” she said. ( )1．When did Zhou Zhaoqian lose her right leg? A．In 1997. B．In 1999. C．In 2002. D．In 2012. ( )2．What did Zhou do after losing her leg? A．She started to fight. B．She stayed in hospital. C．She travelled a lot with her family. D．She went on to school. ( )3．Which of the following is True according to the passage? A．Zhou has never got a good birthday gift before. B．Zhou did very well in the Rio Paralympic Games in 2016. C．Zhou was perhaps good at computers before she became a sportswoman. D．Zhou will take part in 4 races in total in Paris Paralympic Games. ( )4．How will she make herself better in races according to Zhou? A．By competing more. B．By getting support and encouragement from her family. C．By changing her skills. D．By cutting off her leg. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 Passage 5 The first people to play video or electronic games were the computer engineers in the 1960s. They played the games in their lunch breaks. Video games first appeared in the shops in the early 1970s. Many of these games included sports, such as table tennis. The first video game to become very popular was Space Invaders (太空入侵者). That was in 1979. Since 1980s, shops have been full of different types of video games. You can buy sports games which improve co-ordination, for example, football, or board games (棋盘游戏), such as chess. There are also card games, like poker (扑克) and blackjack, as well as educational games. Word and number games can help with students’ spelling and mathematics, and quiz games can help students to memorize facts. So next time someone tells you to stop playing video games, you can remind them that there are real benefits (益处) from video games, as well as all the fun! ( )1．When did the computer engineers begin to play video games? A．In the 1960s. B．In the early 1970s. C．In 1979. D．Since 1980s. ( )2．Where do you think the first video games for sports appeared? A．In the shops. B．In the lunch breaks. C．In the playground.D．In Space Invaders. ( )3．Which of the following belongs to board games according to the passage? A．Football. B．Chess. C．Poker. D．Number. ( )4．What does the underlined word “co-ordination” mean in Chinese? A．规则 B．比赛 C．生产 D．协调 Passage 6 The Chongyang Festival is a traditional festival in China. It is also called the Double Ninth Festival. It is on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It is popular among Chinese people. Here are some interesting facts about this festival. How does this festival get its name? In a book called Yi Jing, the number “6” means “Yin” and the number “9” means “Yang”. “Yin” means darkness and “Yang” means life and brightness. The number “9” appears in both the month and the day, so the festival is called the Double Ninth Festival, or the Chongyang Festival. In 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 7 Chinese, “chong” means “double”. Some customs (习俗) at the Chongyang Festival Here is a story about two customs. In ancient times, there was a man named Huang Jing. One day, he and his teacher Fei Changfang were climbing a mountain. Fei Changfang suddenly stopped and said to Huang Jing that his family would have a big problem on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. He told Huang Jing that he should ask his family members to leave home and climb to the top of a mountain. And they must all drink some chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒). After hearing this, Huang Jing thought he had to hasten to his home. He rode a horse and didn’t have a rest on his way home. The whole family climbed a nearby mountain and did not return until the evening. When they got back home, they found all their animals were dead. Since then, climbing a mountain and drinking chrysanthemum wine became the traditional activities of the Double Ninth Festival to drive away bad luck. Nowadays, the Double Ninth Festival is also a time for family to do some exercise as well as enjoy the beauty of autumn. ( )1．Why does the writer mention a book called Yi Jing? A．It is a famous book in China. B．The festival first appeared in the book. C．It introduces some interesting festivals. D．The book tells about the meanings of “Yin” and “Yang”. ( )2．What happened to Huang Jing? A．His teacher gave him a big problem. B．There was something bad in his home. C．One of his family members left quietly. D．His family forgot to drink chrysanthemum wine. ( )3．What does the underlined word “hasten” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Go quickly. B．Come carefully. C．Walk loudly. D．Turn slowly. ( )4．In which part of a magazine would you probably read this article? A．Chinese Food. B．Western Food. C．Chinese Festivals. D．Western Festivals. Passage 7 Do Animals Really Sleep forWinter? For people who don’t like winter, animals that hibernate (冬眠) seem to have the right idea. But is hibernation the same as sleeping? Well, in fact, animals that hibernate don’t “sleep” during the winter. Hibernation is very 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 different from what happens when you sleep. During hibernation, metabolism (新陈代谢 ) slows down greatly. When lemurs (狐猴 ) hibernate, for example, they slow their heart rates. An active lemur’s heart beats 300 times a minute. During hibernation, it beats less than six times a minute. Its breathing slows down, too. Hibernating lemurs can go ten minutes without taking a breath. Their brain activity becomes very slow. During sleep, however, animals continue to breathe as usual. According to scientists, hibernation is a way for animals to save energy. However, animals that live in cold areas are not the only ones to hibernate. Some animals hibernate to beat the heat. For some, hibernation is not because of temperatures (气温). Some animals hibernate when there is no food. Echidnas (针鼹), for example, will hibernate after fires. They won’t go back to usual activities until food grows back. Some animals hibernate to stay safe. Animals don’t smell or move much when they hibernate. This makes it hard for other animals to find them and eat them. There are many mammals (哺乳动物) that hibernate. Most of them are small—weigh less than 90 grams. Little animals usually lose heat quickly. It is hard for them to stay warm in winter, so they need to save more energy than larger animals do. We human beings don’t need hibernation. So, don’t be lazy and lie in bed all day long during the coming winter holiday! ( )1．According to the article, during hibernation, animals ________. A．lose weight B．stop breathing C．slow down their brain activity D．breathe quickly ( )2．The author uses the example of echidnas to show that ________. A．hibernation is different from sleeping B．most mammals don’t need hibernation C．during hibernation, metabolism slows down D．hibernation isn’t always because of temperatures ( )3．According to the article, mammals that hibernate are usually ________. A．small in size B．young in age C．tall in height D．heavy in weight ( )4．By writing this article, the author mainly wants to ________. A．tell people more about hibernation B．prevent young people from getting lazy 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 9 C．explain why human beings don’t need hibernation D．list the differences between hibernation and sleeping Passage 8 Do you have a lucky number? What is it? Many people have a special number that they hope will bring them good luck. In Chinese culture, some numbers are believed to be lucky or unlucky based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to. For example, the word for the number 8 sounds similar to the word for “making a fortune (发 财 )”. So, people consider it a very lucky number. Some people will even spend a lot of money to have 8s in their phone number or on their vehicle license plate (车牌照 ) number. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics began at 8:08 p.m. on Aug. 8, 2008. The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors of China. There were nine dragons on emperors’ robes (龙袍 ) and Chinese myth held that the dragon had nine children. The number 9 also stands for “long lasting”. That’s why a man always proposes (求婚) to a woman with 99 or 999 roses. So what’s an unlucky number in China? One example is 4. Many Chinese people see 4 as an unlucky number because it sounds similar to the character for “death”. Because of this, many buildings skip (跳过) the fourth floor, and simply call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip all floors numbered with 4, such as 4, 14, 24, 34 and all 40-49 floors. Some buildings also skip the 13th floor, as this is considered an unlucky number in some areas in Hong Kong. As a result, a building whose highest floor is 50 may have only 35 physical floors. ( )1．What makes Chinese people believe a number is lucky or unlucky? A．The shape of the number. B．The sound of the number. C．The history of the number. D．The spelling of the number. ( )2．According to the passage, the meaning of number 9 in Chinese culture is _________. A．fortunate B．ordinary C．everlasting D．simple ( )3．A building whose highest floor is 60 in Hong Kong might only have ________ physical floors if it skips all the unlucky numbers. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 A．35 B．60 C．45 D．44 ( )4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Numbers and old stories in China. B．Different meanings of numbers in different countries. C．Ways to find your lucky and unlucky numbers. D．Lucky and unlucky numbers in Chinese culture. Passage 9 If you’re studying English or another foreign language, you might be wondering, “How is this going to help me in my life?” As it turns out, just studying and thinking in a foreign language has its own benefits! In a 2012 study, Boaz Keysar, a professor at the University of Chicago in the US, led an experiment concerning the relationship between foreign languages and people’s way of thinking. In the experiment, people were asked to make a choice: Take a guarantee (保证) of one pound or take a 50 percent chance of winning 2.50 pounds. When presented with this choice in their native language, most people took the safe option of only getting one pound. But they were more willing to make the riskier choice when asked in a foreign language, leading to more profits overall, according to The Guardian. As Keysar put it, “People just hate the prospect (前景) of losing, but they hate it less in a foreign language.” In another study published this year, Keysar and his team did an experiment in which participants were given a series of related words like “dream”, “snooze (打盹)”, “bed” and “rest”. Later, when asked which words they remembered hearing, people were more likely to mistakenly remember “sleep”, which was not on the list, in their native language. But it was much less likely to happen if they did the test in a foreign language. As Keysar explained, people have more careful thinking when using a foreign language, leading to memories with greater accuracy (准确性). The foreign language effect may even stretch to our personality. Silvia Purpuri at the University of Trento, Italy, looked at people’s willingness to face uncertainty and enter unfamiliar situations. Being tolerant of uncertainty allows people to have more creative ideas and be more open to new things. It turns out that people naturally score more highly on this trait (特点) when they can speak or use a foreign language because speaking a foreign language requires taking risks. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 11 The evidence (证据 ) is clear: By learning a foreign language, you’re not just learning a language—you’re gaining a new state of mind. ( )1．In Keysar’s experiment, how did people make decisions in a foreign language compared with their native language? A．They were faster. B．They were more hopeful. C．They were more daring. D．They were more careful. ( )2．According to Keysar, how does using a foreign language affect memory? A．It improves memory recall speed. B．It increases memory accuracy. C．It improves long-term memory. D．It requires more repetitions for memorization. ( )3．According to the text, what is a potential benefit of being open to uncertainty? A．Increased creativity. B．Better learning ability. C．Greater self-confidence. D．Improved decision—making ability. ( )4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How language learning affects memory. B．How learning foreign languages influences one’s future. C．Challenges of learning a foreign language. D．Advantages of learning a foreign language. Passage 10 Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numerals. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use. About 2, 500 years ago, people in Rome used their bands to count. In Roman numerals, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are ‘I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, IV, V, VI, VⅡ, VⅢ, IX, X’ ” Also, “L” means fifty, “D” means five hundred and “M” means one thousand. But there is no zero in Rome numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks. Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot. ( )1．Which of the following means five in Roman numerals? ________ A．5. B．Ⅳ. C．Ⅴ. D．Ⅹ. ( )2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 mean? ________ A．Arabic numerals. B．Watches and clocks. C．Zero. D．Roman numerals. ( )3．What do we know about Arabic numerals? ________ A．People in Rome didn’t use them. B．Arabic people taught the Indians about them. C．Only Arabic people use them today. D．“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. ( )4．In what order did the following things happen? ________ a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals. b. Indians created Arabic numerals. c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe. d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals. A．b—c—a—d B．b—a—c—d C．d—b—a—c D．d—c—b—a