Unit 1 Nature in the balance-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 1 　Nature in the balance 必修第三册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与自然——人与动植物) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. ecosystem n. 生态系统 2. biodiversity n. 生物多样性 3. brazil nut 巴西坚果 4. water lily 睡莲 5. hardwood n. 阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) 6. mammal n. 哺乳动物 7. microorganism n. 微生物 8. nutrient n. 营养素，营养物 9. brochure n. 小册子 10. shark n. 鲨鱼 11. whale n. 鲸 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. soil n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地 2. overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 adv. 在海外，向国外 3. region n. 地区，区域；行政区 4. continent n. 大陆，陆地，洲 5. million num. 一百万；许多，大量 6. species n.(pl.species) 种，物种 7. nut n. 坚果 8. wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 9. beneath prep. 在……下面，在……下方；配不上 10. mass n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的 11. towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 12. living adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的 n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 13. frog n. 蛙，青蛙 14. insect n. 昆虫 15. carbon n. 碳 16. oxygen n. 氧，氧气 17. cattle n. 牛 18. impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt. 有影响；冲击 19. damage vt.& n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 20. climate n. 气候；倾向，风气 21. greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 22. gas n. 气体；煤气；汽油 23. drought n. 旱灾，久旱 24. belt n. 地带，地区；腰带；传送带 25. medal n. 奖章，勋章 26. image n. 形象；图像；意象 27. deer n.(pl.deer) 鹿 28. track vt.& vi. 跟踪，追踪 n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 29. habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地 30. nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不 31. dolphin n. 海豚 32. resident n. 居民，住户 33. chief n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的 34. committee n. 委员会 35. smog n. 雾霾，烟雾 36. protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 37. profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt. 获益，得到好处 38. process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理 39. policy n. 政策，方针；原则 40. branch n. (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 41. strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署 42. recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用 43. subway n. 地铁；地下人行道 44. former adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 45. official n. 官员，要员 adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的 46. poverty n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. harm n.& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj. 无害的 2. length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长 的→lengthen v.加长 3. variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v.变化 →various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 4. survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n.幸存；生还 →survivor n.幸存者 5. disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n.消失→appear vi.出现 6. agriculture n.农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的 7. extinction n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 8. global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n.球体；地球 9. application n.应用，运用；申请→apply v.应用；申请；涂；有 关；运用→applicant n.申请人 10. organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt. 组织→organizer n.组织者→organized adj.有组织的；有条理的 11. absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完 全的 12. entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 13. defence (AmE defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防 守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保 护的 14. economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节 约的；经济的→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家→economics n.经济学 15. poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj. 有毒的 16. chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n.化学 →chemist n.化学家 17. consequence n.结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的 →consequently adv.因此；结果 18. further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促 进，增进→far adj.& adv.远的(地)→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地 →furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地 1. in turn 相应地，转而；轮流，依次 2. break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3. breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 4. due to 由于，因为 5. build up 逐渐增加，扩大 6. come up with 想出，想到 7. call for (公开)要求；需要 8. spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 9. get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10. give rise to 使发生(或存在)；引起 11. play a role in... 在……中起重要作用；扮演重要角色 12. in length 在长度上 13. a variety of 各种各样的 14. be made up of 由……组成 15. sign up 报名 16. in defence of 保护；为……做解释或辩护 常见结构 1. 倍数表达法 2. “介词＋which” 引导定语从句 3. 完全倒装 4. while 引导让步状语从句 5. 省略 6. so＋助动词＋主语 7. even though引导让步状语从句 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.收益，得到好处 2. adj.级别高的；年老的；(体育运动)高级水平的 3. n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 4. n.居所；遮蔽；遮蔽物；庇护处 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 5. vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑 道；路线 profit　 senior　 mass　 shelter　 track　 6. n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 7. vi.反对，抗议 vt.坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 8. vt.& n.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害 impact　 protest　 damage　 二、拓展词汇 1. n.& vt.伤害，损害→ adj.有害的 → adj.无害的 2. n.地区，区域；行政区→ adj.地区的 3. n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 → vt.加长→ adj.长的 4. n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 → adj.各种不同的，各种各样的→ vi.(根据情 况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变 harm　 harmful　 harmless　 region　 regional　 length　 lengthen　 long　 variety　 various　 vary　 5. adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的→ vi.& vt.高 耸；屹立；超过 n.塔；发射塔 6. vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→ n.生 存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→ n.幸存者 7. n.营养素，营养物→ n.营养 → adj.有营养的，营养丰富的 8. vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 → n.消失，失踪→ v.出现，呈现；显 得，看来，似乎→ n.出现；外观，外貌 towering　 tower　 survive　 survival　 survivor　 nutrient　 nutrition　 nutritious　 disappear　 disappearance　 appear　 appearance　 9. n.农业，农学→ adj.农业的 10. n.灭绝，绝种→ adj.灭绝的；绝迹的 11. adj.全球的；全面的→ n.球体，球状物；地 球仪；地球，世界→ vt.使……全球化 → n.全球化 12. n.应用，运用；申请→ vt.& vi.应用； 申请；涂；有关→ n.申请人 13. n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 → vt.组织；安排 agriculture　 agricultural　 extinction　 extinct　 global　 globe　 globalize　 globalization　 application　 apply　 applicant　 organization　 organize　 14. adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→ adj.绝 对的，完全的 15. adv.完全地，全部地，完整的→ adj.完全 的，全部的，整个的 16. n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 → adj.有利可图的 17. n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 → vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解→ adj. 防御的，保护的；戒备的 absolutely　 absolute　 entirely　 entire　 profit　 profitable　 defence/defense　 defend　 defensive　 18. adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→ ⁠ n.经济→ n.经济学家 19. n.结果，后果；重要性→ adj.随 之发生的→ adv.因此，所以 economic　 economy　 economist　 consequence　 consequent　 consequently　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 相应地，转而 2. 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3. 给……带来起色，注入活力 4. 由于，因为 5. 逐渐增加，扩大 6. come up with ⁠ 7. call for ⁠ 8. spring to mind ⁠ 9. get rid of ⁠ 10. give rise to ⁠ in turn　 break down　 breathe life into　 due to　 build up　 想出，想到　 (公开)要求；需要　 突然记起(或想到)　 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉　 使发生(或存在)　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. “倍数关系”表达方式 With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest ⁠. 亚马孙雨林面积约550万平方千米，相当于中国面积的一半以上。 is more than half the size of China　 2. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 The Amazon River， ，is about 6，400 kilometres in length—around 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还 长约100千米。 3. 介词结构用于句首引起完全倒装 Above that ⁠ on the dark forest floor. 黑暗的森林地面以上是大量落叶。 from which the rainforest gets its name　 is the mass of leaf litter　 4. as引导时间状语从句 ⁠ and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们 一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 5. wish＋虚拟语气的宾语从句 I wish ⁠. 我希望我们也能帮点忙。 As the impact of human activities continues to grow　 we could also do something to help　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap (harm) bacteria (细 菌)？ 2. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)We offer the newest bicycles in a wide ⁠ (vary)，including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡)，bikes with child seats，and children’s bikes. harmful　 variety　 3. (2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its (appear). 4. (外研B5U6)Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities，one thing is for sure—as it’s often a means of their ⁠ (survive)，they could be with us to stay. 5. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)What is a (consequent) of food waste according to the text？ appearance　 survival　 consequence　 6. (人教B4U3)Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium — the world’s largest—and see up to 20，000 fish，in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in (long). 7. (人教B4U5)As a man of the soil，he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead，he made large donations to support ⁠ (agriculture) research. 8. (外研B4U6)In addition to blogging，taking photos and writing articles about the reef，he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its (defend). length　 agricultural　 defence　 9. (外研B5U1)In the course of this life，I have had a great many encounters with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of (consequent). 10. (外研B7U4)As is often the case，all over the world with new areas of (economy) activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. consequence　 economic　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. The bus driver asked the passengers to (依 次上公交车). 2. It was (因为缺钱)that their marriage broke up. 3. To our disappointment，our car (抛锚) on the way and we had to walk to our destination. 4. (各种各样的办法) have been provided for us to solve the problem.We can choose one to start with. get on the bus in turn　 due to lack of money　 broke down　 A variety of solutions　 5. You need rest and have a balanced diet to ⁠ (增强体质) after your illness. 6. The famous actor’s disappearance (使发生) the wildest rumours. 7. We need some new people to (给这 个项目注入活力). 8. (外研B3U3)Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to ⁠ (提出了万有引力定律). build up your strength　 gave rise to　 breathe life into this project　 come up with his theory of gravity　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 据报道，新建的博物馆的大小是原来的三倍。(倍数表达法) It is reported that the new museum is ⁠ the original one. 2. 虽然年轻一代更喜欢视觉交流，但对于那些习惯使用电子邮件等 传统工具的人来说，这可能会感觉像一个学习曲线。(while) visually， for those used to working with traditional tools like email，it may feel like a learning curve. three times the size of　 While the younger generations prefer to communicate　 3. 今天上午杰克要面试几个候选人，下午约翰要面试几个候选人。 (省略) Jack will interview several candidates this morning and ⁠ ⁠. 4. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎姐妹，露西很大方，而莉莉非常吝啬。 Lucy and Lily are twin sisters.Lucy is generous， ⁠ ⁠. 5. 她喜欢音乐，我也是。 She likes music and ⁠. John this afternoon　 while Lily is extremely mean　 so do I　 核心考点　互动探究 1. harm n.伤害，损害(damage or wrong) vt.损害，伤害 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The task John set for himself was to remove (harm) substances from some sludge (污泥). ②There is no harm giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards. harmful　 in　 →As we know，watching violence on TV ⁠ .(harm vt.) →As we know，watching violence on TV ⁠ .(harm n.) →As we know，watching violence on TV ⁠ .(harmful adj.) really harms children　 really does harm to children/does children harm　 is really harmful to children　 ③众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子们有害。(建议信) (1)do/cause harm to对……造成伤害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处 do more harm than good弊大于利 come to no harm＝not come to any harm 没有受到伤害/损害 (2)harmful adj.有害的，造成伤害的 be harmful to...对……有害 harmless adj.无害的 be harmless to sb./sth.对某人/某物无害 2. variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist，who taught us about the different characteristics and uses of (vary) plant species. ②The research team is made up of the pupils，whose ages vary ⁠ 10 to 15. ③Our school has built a new stadium.It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities. →Our school has built a new stadium， ⁠ .(定语从句) various　 from　 which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities　 [误区释疑]　a variety of、varieties of后接可数名词复数作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 形式。the variety of＋复数名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语 时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (3)vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变 vary from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 (1) 种类繁多的；各种各样的 the variety of……的品种 (2)various adj.不同的，各种各样的 for various reasons由于种种原因 3. survive vt.幸存，幸免于难；比……活得长 vi.生存，存活；残留 ①(2022·全国甲卷)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows，the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest (survive) traditional theatre. ②As far as I know，the old lady survived her husband ⁠ 5 years. ③I don’t know how you all manage to survive Jeremy’s salary. ④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the (survive) of our natural resources. surviving　 by　 on　 survival　 [误区释疑]　survive表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不必再 加多余的介词in、from等。 (1)survive sth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来 survive the earthquake在地震中幸免于难/存活下来 survive on依靠……生存下来 A survive B (by...)A比B活得长(多活……年) (2)survivor n.幸存者 survival n.[U]幸存；[C]残存物 fight for survival为生存而奋斗 4. in turn相应地，转而 ①(2022·北京卷)I think the quality of perspicacity will be important， because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives，which ⁠ turn can help us improve ourselves. ②We learn both how to love and how to be loved ⁠ return. ③自然给予我们生存需要的条件。作为回报，我们应该保护我们赖 以生存的环境。 ⁠ ⁠ in　 in　  　Nature offers us what we need to live on.In return，we should protect the environment we rely/depend/rest on.　 in one’s turn轮到某人；依次 by turns轮流；时而……时而…… in return作为报答；回报；作为交换(in exchange) in return for...作为……的交换；作为对……的报答 5. break down (机器)出故障；破坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败； 破裂；使分解(为)，使变化(或)；(身体)垮掉 写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air-conditioning system broke down. ⁠ ⁠ ②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. ⁠ ③His health broke down under the pressure of work. ⁠ 出 故障　 失败　 垮掉　 ④To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts. ⁠ ⑤What if you with your partner？ ⑥The room is in a mess.It must have been ⁠. ⑦In the summer of 2016，a terrible flood ⁠ in the south of China，causing great loss to the people there. 分解　 break up　 broken into　 broke out　 break away (from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离 break off中断；折断 break in强行进入；打断；插嘴(后无宾语) break into强行闯入(后接宾语) break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) break up驱散；分散；打碎；分手 break through克服，战胜；突破 6. impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&vt.有影响，冲击 ①They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact/ effect ⁠ the future of the country. ②Her father’s death impacted greatly ⁠ her childhood years. ③The sea air has made a difference ⁠ her health. ④我们可以看到，人工智能已经在很多方面对我们的生活产生了影 响。(演讲稿) We can observe that artificial intelligence has already ⁠ ⁠ our lives in many ways. on　 on　 to　 made an impact on　 (1)have no impact on/upon对……没有影响 (2)have/make/leave an effect/influence on/upon＝affect/influence... 对……有影响 (3)have no effect on/upon对……没有影响 (4)make a difference (to)(对……)有影响 (5)make no difference (to)(对……)没有影响，没有作用 7. build up逐渐增加，扩大 写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary. ⁠ ②Their achievements have built up my confidence gradually in my career. ⁠ ③You ought to take more sports after school so as to build up your strength. ⁠ 积累　 逐渐增强　 增强……体质　 ④Therefore，let’s take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles. ⁠ ⑤积极参加体育和户外活动确实有助于强身健体和丰富我们的学校 生活。 ⁠ ⁠ 建立，创办　  　Taking an active part in sports and outdoor activities is really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life.　 pick up捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；(通常指开车)接载 take up拿起；开始；从事；占据 make up虚构；弥补；组成；编造；化妆 break up关系破裂；分手；放假 8. come up with想出，想到 写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①I’d love to attend your party，but something unexpected has come up. ⁠ ②The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. ⁠ ③I sowed some seeds last week，but they haven’t come up yet. ⁠ ④The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up. ⁠ 发生　 走近　 发芽　 升起　 ⑤A good suggestion to solve the problem came up at the meeting. ⁠ ⑥The project came up at the meeting yesterday，and it attracted many people’s attention. →The project ⁠ at the meeting yesterday， .(分词作状语) [归纳拓展]　come up的主语是物，表示(计划、建议、议题等) 被提出；come up with/put forward的主语是人或团体组织，表 示(某人)提出。 被提出　 was come up with/was put forward　 attracting many people’s attention　 come up走近；上来；发芽；发生；(被)提出(arise)；(太阳、月亮 等)升起(rise) come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 come to总计；达到 when it comes to...当谈到…… 9. call for (公开)要求；呼吁；需要 ①The saying concerning friendship ⁠ one unforgettable thing that I went through last year. ②Your plan is excellent to some extent，but it ⁠ much money. ③I quickly learned that flights headed to the Northeast were ⁠ ⁠ because of a storm. ④Mr.White ⁠ my house after he finished his speech. calls up　 calls for　 called off　 called at　 ⑤发展长江经济带是一项系统工程，需要有明确的路线图和时 间表。 Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ⁠. [实战贴士]　与“打电话”有关的其他短语： (1)ring up给……打电话；(2)ring/call back回复电话；(3)ring off挂断 电话；(4)give sb.a ring/call给某人打电话；(5)hang/hold on不挂断 calls for a clear road map and timetable　 call up给……打电话；使……回忆起；征召……入伍 call off取消；停止进行 call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 call at＋地点　拜访(某地) 10. profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益；得到好处；对……有 益(或有用) 写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①On the basis of our sales forecasts，we may begin to make a profit next year. ⁠ ②I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. ⁠ ③I’m sure that all of you will profit from this special experience. ⁠ n.利润，收益　 n.好处　 vi.获益　 ④Many local people believe the development will profit them. ⁠ ⁠ ⑤Agricultural technology companies could not make ⁠ (profit) from their products last year. ⑥Jenny believed that she would profit ⁠ a more relaxed lifestyle. ⑦It is usually more (profit) to sell direct to the public. vt. 对……有益(或有用)　 profits　 from　 profitable　 (1)a rise/a drop in profits 收益的上升/下降 a non-profit organization一个非营利机构 make a profit＝make profits获利 (2)profit sb.使某人受益 profit by/from sth.从某物中获益 (3)profitable adj.赢利的；有益的 a highly profitable business一家赢利很高的企业 11. defence n.辩护；防御；防御物；保护；国防；防守 ①Local government set up some natural reserves ⁠ defence of animals close to extinction. ②Body language can give away a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being (defend). in　 defensive　 ③我和妻子用胡椒喷雾(pepper spray)保护我们自己不受北极熊 的攻击。 My wife and I used pepper spray ⁠ ⁠ by the polar bear. ④看到这条蛇，他冲过去保护儿子。(动作描写) →Seeing the snake，he his son.(defend ) →Seeing the snake，he his son.(defence) to defend ourselves from/against being attacked　 rushed to defend　 rushed in defence of　 (1)in defence of保卫……；为……做解释或辩护 (2)defend vt.防御；保护，保卫；辩白；辩护 defend sb./sth.from/against sb./(doing) sth.保护某人/物免受伤害；保 卫某人/物 (3)defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 12. consequence n.后果，结果；重要性 ①Human beings damaged the habitats of animals，tracked and killed them. (consequence)，the ecosystem was destroyed. →Human beings damaged the habitats of animals，tracked and killed them. consequence，the ecosystem was destroyed. ②The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence，it broke down soon. → ⁠ ，the plan broke down soon. Consequently　 In　 As a consequence/result of the lack of support from the government　 (1)as a consequence (＝in consequence＝as a result)结果，因此 as a consequence of (＝as a result of)由于 in consequence＝consequently adv.因此；结果 (2)consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv.因此；结果 13. process n.过程；进程；步骤，流程 vt.处理；办理；加工 ①Actually you can make learning English a process ⁠ you can learn not only much knowledge but also interesting cultures. ②Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required ⁠ (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. ③Future 3D food printers could make (process) food healthier. where　 to process　 processed　 ④在学习如何帮助别人的过程中，人们能学到如何帮助自己。(演 讲稿) ⁠ ⁠ [实战贴士]　(1)process表示做某事的方法或程序，后可以接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接动词不定式； (2)process作先行词，在定语从句中作状语时，关系副词用where。  　In the process of learning to help others，one can learn to help oneself.　 (1)in the process在进行中 in the process of在……过程中 (2)processed adj.加工过的，经过加工的 14. [教材原句]　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of ⁠ China.亚马孙雨林面积约为600万平方千米，是中国国土面积的一 半以上。 ①The electronic waste stream is increasing three times (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole. faster　 ②正在修建的新体育馆将是操场的两倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be ⁠ the playground.(size) →The new stadium being built will be ⁠ the playground.(as) [知识拓展]　(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上 用“基数词＋times”表达。 (2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语 来表达。 twice the size of　 twice as big as　 倍数表达法： (1)A is＋倍数＋the size/ weight/ height /length/ width...＋of B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as B (3)A is＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than B (4)A is＋倍数＋what从句 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss，pesticide use，and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades，which (damage) the U. S. agricultural economy. 2. (2023·浙江1月卷)I was just about to leave when the hummingbird (appear). has damaged　 appeared　 3. (外研B2U6)However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy ⁠ making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 4. (2023·北京卷)As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s (apply)，the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. 5. (人教B3U1)I (absolute) enjoyed the archery，too， but the horse races were my favourite part. as　 applications　 absolutely　 6. (外研B4U5)Plants can steal food from each other，or spread ______________(poison) to attack other plants. 7. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety ⁠ wildlife. 8. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve as ⁠ umbrella species，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. poisons　 of　 an　 9. (2022·全国乙卷)Students should be advised to spend more time reading more English books instead of visiting English websites or watching movies because of the (harm) effects they might cause. 10. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Once the registration form is received and (process)，we will send a confirmation email within two business days. harmful　 processed　 维度2　熟词生义 1. break down A. 分解　B. (身体等)垮掉　C. (谈判等)失败 D. (情感等)失控　E. 打破，消除 (1)He broke down and wept when he heard the news. ⁠ (2)Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them. ⁠ D　 E　 (3)Talks between the two sides had broken down，which made us disappointed. ⁠ (4)Her health broke down under the pressure of work. ⁠ (5)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances. ⁠ C　 B　 A　 A. 分解　B. (身体等)垮掉　C. (谈判等)失败 D. (情感等)失控　E. 打破，消除 2. track A. n.足迹，轨迹　B. n.小路，小径　C. n.跑道 D. v.跟踪，追踪 (1)It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. ⁠ (2)We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer’s. ⁠ B　 A　 (3)The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates. ⁠ (4)The teacher asked them to run five times round the track as punishment. ⁠ D　 C　 A. n.足迹，轨迹　B. n.小路，小径　C. n.跑道 D. v.跟踪，追踪 3. belt A. 地带，地区　B. 腰带　C. 传送带 (1)Our roles in the factory were simple： Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose. ⁠ (2)A belt of trees grows between the two fields，which looks beautiful. ⁠ (3)I was upset that the belt I just bought couldn’t meet round my waist. ⁠ C　 A　 B　 4. They think their daughter was marrying beneath her.That is，the girl is senior to the boy. ⁠ 5. He got 8，000 damages from the taxi company. ⁠ prep.配不上　 n.赔偿金　 6. branch (1)The river divides here into two branches. ⁠ (2)English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages. ⁠ (3)Follow the main road until it branches，and then turn to the right. ⁠ (4)The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. ⁠ (5)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch， they will inform you by e-mail，so you can pick it up. ⁠ n.支流　 n.分支　 v.发出分支　 n.枝条　 n.部门　 维度3　完成句子/同义句转换/一句多译/句式升级 1. 毫无疑问，不健康的早餐不仅对他们的健康有害，而且对学习也 有害。 There is no doubt that an unhealthy breakfast will ⁠ not only their health but also studies. do harm to　 2. He lost his legs in an accident，and as a result，his life was completely destroyed. →He lost his legs in an accident，and ， his life was completely destroyed. →He lost his legs in an accident，and ⁠ ，his life was completely destroyed. → ⁠ losing his legs in an accident，his life was completely destroyed. consequently　 as a consequence/in consequence　 As a consequence of / In consequence of　 3. 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10 年前的三倍大。 ①The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is what it was ten years ago.(倍 数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as) ②The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is what it was ten years ago.(倍 数＋adj./adv.比较级) ③The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is what it was ten years ago.(倍 数＋the＋名词＋of) three times as large as　 three times larger than　 three times the size of　 4. 我有许多爱好，从打篮球到弹钢琴不等。(话题写作之个人生活) ①I have a number of hobbies， ⁠ .(非谓语动词) ②I have a number of hobbies， ⁠ .(定语从句) varying from playing basketball to playing the piano　 which vary from playing basketball to playing the piano　 5. 他们修理好并重新粉刷了在地震中受损的大楼。(动作描写) ①They have repaired and painted again the buildings. ⁠ (damage vt.) ②They have repaired and painted again the buildings the earthquake . (cause/do damage to) (which were) damaged in the earthquake.　 caused/did damage to　 6. After she had survived that night，she was confident that everything else would be all right. → ，she was confident that everything else would be all right.(动词-ing短语作状语) Having survived that night　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Sir or Madam， I’m a student from Chongqing，China.I’m writing to ask you to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises. ① ⁠ (受到人类活动的严重影 响，它们面临灭绝的危险；分词作状语).To our disappointment， ② (大约仅剩下1 000只江豚) at present. Seriously affected by human activities，Finless Porpoises in the Yangtze River are in danger of dying out　 there are only about 1，000 Finless Porpoises left　 We sincerely hope that WWF can play a part in ③ ⁠ (保护这种濒危物种).④ ，a sponsorship will be of great help.But ⑤ ，we need information from experts in WWF to help us better understand the animals，so that we can take better care of them.⑥ ⁠， ⑦ (应该雇用更多的 工人帮助我们；被动语态).Challenging as the task is，we are certain that ⑧ (我们会最终取得成功). protecting this endangered species　 First of all　 most importantly　 Besides　 more workers should be employed to help us　 we will succeed in the end　 ⑨ ⁠ (如果你考虑我们的请求我将非常感激) and I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua I would appreciate it if you could take our request into consideration　 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情 感 描 写 hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎 track n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 动 作 描 写 defence (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防 守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 come up with想出，想到 call for (公开)要求；需要 spring to mind突然记起(或想到) [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 当我和我的朋友马克(Mac)正在长满阔叶树的丛林里走着时， 我们看到一只美洲虎向我们走来。我吓得瑟瑟发抖，在我的一生中 从未这么害怕过。过了一会儿，马克想出了一个好主意。他从包里 拿出一些饼干，撕开包装，把它们朝四面八方扔了出去。结果，美 洲虎没有再追我们而是朝食物的方向走去了。我们沿着猎人的足迹 走出了森林。我从这次经历中吸取了教训，那就是，面对危险我们 应该冷静和勇敢。 My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full of hardwoods ⁠.Shaking like a leaf， ⁠ in all my life.After a while， ⁠.He took out some biscuits from his bag，tore the packages，and threw them away in all directions. ，the jaguar didn’t chase after us.Instead， .We followed the hunter’s tracks，walking out of the forest.I learned a lesson from this experience that ⁠. when we saw a jaguar walking towards us　 I had never been so scared　 a good idea sprang to Mac’s mind　 As a consequence　 he walked towards the food　 when facing danger we should be calm and brave　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·全国甲卷)Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg，occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more，they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U. S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today，there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U. S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now，grizzlies remain listed. Obviously，if precautions (预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies can become troublesome，sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean，attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel，longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——人与动植物——美国灰熊 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物 种恢复到2 000多头，但也带来了一些问题。 1. How do Americans look at grizzlies？ A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又 有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population？ A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句以及第四段的内容可推知，由于 1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies？ A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，是环保组织的反对阻止了美 国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽 然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可 以和谐相处。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2024·江苏徐州高三统考)Avoid the supermarket shelves piled with cheese，cupcakes and pies.That is the message of an analysis that found these items are the worst when looking at both nutritional and environmental impacts of thousands of food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland.So far，most studies have focused on the environmental impact of goods such as beef or beans，rather than tofu and other products that shoppers often buy.Where research has focused on such products，it has usually been for a small number of them. In a bid to bridge the gap，Micheal Clark at the University of Oxford and his colleagues analyzed more than 57，000 food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland.The team took the ingredients (成 分) data from eight retailers (零售商)，including major supermarkets Tesco and Sainsbury’s.However，precise figures on how much of each ingredient is in each product were only available for around a tenth of them.To estimate the rest，Clark and his colleagues trained an algorithm (算法) on the known products and used it to predict the composition of the unknown ones.Finally，the team linked all the ingredients to an existing database of environmental impacts，including emissions，land use and water stress. The results may come as no surprise：meat，fish and cheese products had highest environmental impact while fruit，vegetables， bread and sugary drink products had the lowest burden.Clark admits that none of this is exciting，given what we already knew from past research.“What is important is that you can start getting these impact estimates for products that people are purchasing，which then has a lot of effects，” he says. One of those is eco-lables，which can help consumers to make greener choices.However，retailers have struggled in the past with the challenge of the large number of food.Clark is thinking about how to eventually turn the data into an app that could be used either by shoppers or by retailers wanting to reduce their environmental impact.“We’ve made that information available in a way that means people can start making informed decisions，” he says. 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——食物对环境的影响 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是针对食物对 环境的影响的研究。 5. What is the purpose of Clark’s study？ A. To solve the environmental problems with some products. B. To point out the mistakes of the previous research. C. To focus on the important ingredients data from retailers. D. To estimate the environmental impact of frequently-bought products. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句，第二段的第一句可知，Clark的 研究的目的是评估经常购买的产品对环境的影响。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？ A. The process of Clark’s study. B. The result of Clark’s study. C. The significance of Clark’s study. D. The limitation of Clark’s study. 答案：A 段落大意题。根据第二段的第二句到最后的内容可知，第二段主要 讲的是Clark的研究过程。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What can be inferred about Clark’s study from paragraph 3？ A. Surprising. B. Worrying. C. Meaningful. D. Doubtful. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段的第三句可知，Clark的研究是有意义 的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Which of the following products should people buy according to Clark’s study？ A. Nutritious food like beef and eggs. B. Green food like carrots and bananas. C. Healthy food like fish and tofu. D. Fresh food like milk and chicken. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句和最后一段的第一句可知，根据 Clark的研究，人们应该购买绿色食物，如胡萝卜和香蕉。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文 　主题语境：人与自然——人与动植物——室内 植物 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植 物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 (2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 　1　，but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.What’s more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. 1 2 3 4 5 A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 答案：B 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but“不 仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B项符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 What are indoor plants？ Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors.Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter. 　2　. 1 2 3 4 5 A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 答案：D 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合 在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D项能够承接上文，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Why are indoor plants good for you？ Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says， “ 　3　.I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 　4　. 1 2 3 4 5 A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 答案：C 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C项能够衔接下 文，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Why are indoor plants good for you？ Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says， “ 　3　.I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 　4　. 1 2 3 4 5 A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 答案：E 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E项能够 承接上文，列举了在这方面做得最好的植物，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Which plants can you grow？ Aloe vera，peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors.You can buy plants from supermarkets， garden centres or online.Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones，and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.“ 　5　，” Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” 1 2 3 4 5 A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 答案：G 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G项能够 承接上文，同时引起下文，下文具体介绍了了解每种植物的需 求的好处。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023·湖北武汉质检)It was the week before New Year.The line at the bank  　1　 twice around the lobby (大厅) .Then I came to the self- service machine where the line was much  　2　. The woman in the front of the line was  　3　 at the screen loudly.Any signs of hesitation on her part were  　4　 to the whole lobby.I felt sorry for her.The next person took a long time，too.I breathed  　5　. It was my turn.Under the  　6　 from the people in line behind me，I felt a growing duty to  　7　 the seconds between clicks.Finally it was time to  　8　 a credit card.The machine didn’t take it.“Try putting it in the other way，”the gentleman behind me suggested. No  　9　. “I’ve got a different card，”I said，and  　10　 around in my bag for that one，beginning to sweat.The machine wanted a PIN，but not the one I suggested.I had to  　11　 again. “I’m sorry，”I said，looking back， 　12　. “Don’t give up，” said the nice man behind me.“We’re all friends here，right？” Smiles were  　13　 all down the line.I tried again，clicked with  　14　 and introduced my credit card as though I were presenting it to the queen.Finally，I made it！ I couldn’t have been happier.Everyone burst into applause， 　15　 and joy！ 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。新年前一周，作者去 银行取钱。由于队伍很长，作者希望自己能用时短点。但不巧 的是，作者操作了几次都没有成功，便不好意思地向身后的队 伍表示歉意，但人们对作者没有抱怨，待作者取款成功后，人 群对作者报以掌声。 1. A. declined B. jumped C. snaked D. divided 答案：C 结合下文叙述可知，银行里的人很多，队伍排得很长，队伍在大 厅里蜿蜒了(snaked)两圈。decline“下降”；divide“(使)分开”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. clearer B. swifter C. better D. shorter 答案：D 根据上文和常识可知，银行大厅里的队伍很长，因此“I came to the self-service machine”的原因应该是这里的队伍要短一些 (shorter)。swift“速度快的，敏捷的，矫健的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. looking B. clicking C. breaking D. walking 答案：B 根据下文中的“the seconds between clicks”并结合常识可知，此 处指排在队伍前面的女士在屏幕上点击(clicking)。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文中的loudly可知，这位女士点击屏幕的声音很大，她稍 有犹豫的迹象就传遍整个大厅。transform“使改观，使改变形 态”。 4. A. shut B. addicted C. broadcast D. transformed 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 队伍前面的那位女士用时很长，第二个人用时也很长，作者深深 (deeply)吸了一口气，既是无奈，也是对自己接下来能否快速完成 取钱的一种担忧，故选A项。toughly“强硬地”；sharply“严厉 地，尖锐地；急剧地”。 5. A. deeply B. slowly C. toughly D. sharply 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文可知，当作者前面的人去取钱时，作者关注他们的情 况。因此当轮到作者取钱的时候，作者也面临着后面的人的关注 (concern)。guidance“指导”；evidence“证据”。 6. A. guidance B. evidence C. control D. concern 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 作者在上文中提到了前面的两个人用时都比较长，作者不免深吸 一口气。因此轮到作者时，在身后人们的关注下，作者感到了有尽 量减小(minimize)点击之间的秒数的义务。lighten“减轻，减少(工 作量、债务、担忧等)，(使)变明亮”；count“计算(或清点)总数， 重要”；time“为……安排时间，选择……的时机，计时”。 7. A. lighten B. minimize C. count D. time 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 上文中提到了作者到银行自助服务机取钱。根据常识可知，轮到 作者的时候，作者需要插入(slide in)信用卡。 swallow up“吞并， 用光(金钱或资源)”；shoot off“迅速离去”； cut in“插嘴，超车 抢挡”。 8. A. slide in B. swallow up C. shoot off D. cut in 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文中的“Try putting it in the other way”和下文中的“I’ve got a different card”可知，尽管作者重新插卡，但不管用(No good)，于是作者决定换一张卡。 9. A. problem B. way C. good D. point 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文中的“I’ve got a different card”可知，作者说要再试一 张卡，于是作者在包里摸找卡。此处考查熟词生义，fish在此作动 词，意为“摸找”。seize“抓住，夺取，攻占，控制”； bounce“(使)弹起，弹跳，反射”。 10. A. turned B. fished C. seized D. bounced 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文中的“The machine wanted a PIN，but not the one I suggested”可知，作者输入了PIN码，但是不对，因此作者需要重 新开始( start over)。 11. A. start out B. start off C. start for D. start over 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文中的“beginning to sweat”和空前的“I’m sorry”可 知，作者因为用时较长，所以有些尴尬(awkward)。aggressive“挑 衅的，侵略的，富于攻击性的”；conscious“神志清醒的，有知觉 的，有意识的”；cautious“谨慎的”。 12. A. awkward B. aggressive C. conscious D. cautious 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文中的“We’re all friends here，right？”可知，后面的人 非常友善，大家的笑容变得越来越灿烂。vary“变化”；hide“隐 藏”；fade“逐渐消失”。 13. A. varying B. hiding C. growing D. fading 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据下文中的“as though I were presenting it to the queen”可 知，作者真诚地(with sincerity)把卡重新插了进去。hesitation“犹 豫”；inspiration“灵感”。 14. A. sincerity B. hesitation C. confidence D. inspiration 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据空前的applause和空后的joy可知，空处应填一个意思积极 的词汇，故选D项。comfort“安慰，慰藉，宽慰”； desperation“绝望”；tiredness“疲劳”；anxiety“焦虑”。 15. A. desperation B. tiredness C. anxiety D. comfort 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是为 了激励各国人们学习汉语，在10月24日发行了《艺术的想象》 系列视频。 (2023·江苏徐州高三统考)Aiming to inspire the people of various countries to learn Chinese，the video series The Imagination of Art was released on Oct.24. The project，1. 　　　　　　 (joint) produced by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation and Central Academy of Fine Arts，selects multiple art pieces created by four artists：Wu Jian’an， Kang Lei，Lu Zhengyuan and Zhang Fan. 1. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动 词produced。 答案：jointly Under the theme of “Chinese Language＋Arts”，the series 2. 　　　　　　 (comprise) of two parts， the first part of which contains four episodes，each 3. 　　　　　　 (feature) one artist.The second part will see education experts guide Chinese learning from their 4. 　　　　　　 (work). 2. 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动 词，根据从句中的谓语动词contains以及全文主时态可知，该谓语 动词使用一般现在时态，与主语之间为被动关系，且主语为单数。 答案：is comprised 3. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，与空 前的each构成独立主格结构，feature与逻辑主语each间为主动关 系，表示当前的状态，所以使用现在分词形式。 答案：featuring 4. 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可 知，此处work意为“作品，著作”为可数名词，空前有their修饰， 故此处为名词复数。 答案：works In the first episode，Wu，one director of Fine Arts Experimental Art School at the academy， 5. 　　　　　　 (share) his creation procedure of The Heaven of Nine Levels，6. 　　　　　　 hand-carved piece inspired by Shan Hai Jing.The second introduces The Garden of Forking Paths，artist Kang’s painting，7. 　　　　　　 title is inspired from Jorge Borges’ novel.The work demonstrates Kang’s reflection 8. 　　　　　　 time，as she paints different scenery and objects in different places and at different times worldwide 9. 　　　　　　 (record) her feelings and experiences. 5. 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词， 句子主语Wu为第三人称单数，且与谓语动词间为主动关系，根据 下文中的谓语动词introduces可知，此处也为一般现在时态。 答案：shares 6. 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此空所在的名词短语为同位语， 解释空前的名词The Heaven of Nine Levels，空后为可数名词单数 结合句意可知，此处表泛指，且空后单词的第一个音节为辅音。 答案：a 7. 考查定语从句。句意：第二部分介绍了艺术家康蕾的画作《小径 花园》，其标题灵感来自Jorge Borges的小说。分析句子结构可 知，空前的先行词与空后名词为所属关系。 答案：whose 8. 考查介词。固定搭配reflect on(反思)。 答案：on 9. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词形 式，结合句意可知，此处为目的状语，表示“为了”，所以使用动 词不定式形式，与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系。 答案：to record The other two episodes are respectively about Lu’s work Solid Liquid and Zhang’s work Tianxin，both of which have a 10. 　　 　 (power) effect on people learning Chinese. 10. 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语， power的形容词为powerful，意为“强有力的”。 答案：powerful 阅读语篇专练提升 (2023·湖南常德月考) A Competing for a Trip to Soma Bay， Egypt Soma Bay is a perfect place for sunny relaxation.If you take a trip there， you can also take part in the competition we organize. The Destination Lapped by the Red Sea on three sides and with views of sandy beaches and desert mountains， Soma Bay can attract nature lovers most.Spreading across almost 2， 500 acres， the Egyptian tourist attraction has an 18-hole golf course designed by Gary Player， a golfing enthusiast， as well as the largest Thalasso spa in Africa. Kiteboarding， diving and horse riding are all on offer， too. Of Soma Bay’s five accommodation options， a five-star hotel enjoys a fantastic location on the highest point of the Soma Bay peninsula.It has a number of guest rooms and suites with private balconies， as well as four on-site restaurants.You can enjoy beach-side pizza， take afternoon tea， or stop for a drink by the 18th hole.They are all offered by the hotel. The Prize With the official permission of Soma Bay， the winner can enjoy a four-night stay in a classic room at the five-star hotel on a half-price basis.The prize includes return economy class flight tickets with overhead cabin luggage from the UK to Hurghada International Airport up to the value of ￡650 per person， with direct routes available from cities including London， Manchester and Bristol， plus return airport transfers to Soma Bay(UK transfers aren’t included). To Enter Answer the following question online at natgeotu.com/uk/competitions： ON WHICH SEA IS SOMA BAY LOCATED？ Competition closes on 31 October. The winner must be a UK adult resident， aged 18 or over. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了埃及的度假胜 地 Soma Bay 及与之相关的在线竞赛活动。 1. What does the five-star hotel offer？ A. Games on a golf course. B. Tickets for kiteboarding. C. Something to eat and drink. D. Accommodation on the beach. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据The Destination中的介绍可知，该五星级酒店为 游客提供比萨饼、下午茶和饮料。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. What can the winner get？ A. A free stay in the perfect hotel. B. A return airport transfer to the UK. C. A possible direct flight ticket from Bristol. D. A first class flight from the UK to Hurghada. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据The Prize中的介绍可知，获胜者可以获得从 Bristol 出发的直飞航班的机票。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. What do we know about the competition？ A. It welcomes children. B. It covers multiple questions. C. It targets at Egyptian citizens. D. It ends on the last day of October. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据To Enter中的介绍可知，该比赛于10月的最后一 天结束。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 B An educator with a passion for getting children emotionally invested in saving the ice caps gave a lesson to students as a polar bear stayed on his shoulder. The bear seemed to say “hi” to them about climate change. Gavin McCormack is trying to bring the “amazing natural phenomena” to the fingertips of children in an attempt to get them to help stop rising sea levels and become passionate about climate change， which is threatening the home of polar bears. The primary school teacher decided to jump headfirst into his teachings and spent ten days on an icebreaker heading towards the North Pole.On the first day at sea， a polar bear climbed out of the water right in front of him and onto an island where it was attacked by a group of Arctic terns (北极燕鸥). “Each day is different but so interesting，” McCormack said.“This week， my dream to teach children about the wonder of a polar bear with one right over my shoulder came true.” The most memorable moment for him while in the Arctic was when his ship reached the pack ice.The ship crunched (嘎吱地响) through the ice as they reached 82 degrees north and the noise was deafening.Earlier this week he launched his new course “Be the Change”， which is free to all schools nationwide.“Be the Change” is designed to empower children， families and communities around the world to bring about changes and make global impacts. “It takes a course-related approach to improve the world in meaningful ways，” Mr. McCormack said. McCormack hopes to teach the “leaders of tomorrow” to include nature and the climate in every decision they make.He is planning another course named “It Starts With You”， with the hopes of bringing purposeful education to as many children as possible. “Working alongside teachers， schools and students， we believe that when children are empowered to make real choices about the future， the skills for life are developed not through listening to what others tell them， but through experience，” McCormack said. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一位教 育者通过让孩子们接触真实的自然环境和动物，来激发他们对保护 环境和应对气候变化的热情。 4. Why did McCormack head to the North Pole？ A. To observe an amazing natural sight. B. To measure the rate of sea level rise. C. To save polar bears from extinction. D. To educate children in a real situation. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Gavin McCormack is...the home of polar bears.”可知，McCormack希望通过在北极的教 学，让孩子们能够亲身体验到气候变化的影响，从而更好地理 解这个全球性的问题。因此，他前往北极是为了在真实的环境 中教育孩子们。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. What can we learn about polar bears according to the text？ A. They are friendly towards human beings. B. Climate change causes the loss of their habitats. C. Arctic terns are their natural enemies. D. Hunger drives them out of water for food. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Gavin McCormack is...the home of polar bears.”可知，气候变化正威胁着北极熊的家园。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. What does “Be the Change” aim to do？ A. To make a difference in improving the world. B. To change people’s decision-making methods. C. To teach students to think twice before making choices. D. To develop students’ life skills through experience. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Earlier this week...make global impacts.”可知，“Be the Change”的目的是给世界各地的儿童、 家庭和社区带来改变并产生全球影响。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. Which of the following could be the best title for the text？ A. Climate Change—A Worldwide Concern B. New Ways of Teaching About Climate Change C. Join Hands and Say No to Global Warming D. An Interesting Trip to the North Pole 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了教育者 McCormack通过自己的行动和课程，向孩子们传授有关自然和环境 的知识，并鼓励他们成为改变世界的领导者，也就是文章主要讲述 了气候变化教学的新方法。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 C In the 1960s， while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park， Bob Christian-sen became puzzled about something that， strangely， had not troubled anyone before：he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that is what accounted for all ⁠ hot springs and other steamy features. But Christian-sen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. its　 Most of us， when we talk about volcanoes， think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro， which were created when erupting magma (岩浆) piled up. These can form remarkably quickly. One day in 1943， a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile-across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth， all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is， however， a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack， leaving behind a vast hole， the caldera (火山口).Yellowstone obviously was of this second type， but Christian-sen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up (放大的照片) for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christian-sen saw the photos， he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera： almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was a caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，美国黄石国家 公园是天然火山，但是火山学家Bob Christian-sen一直找不到火山 口，很困惑。后来宇航局送来的几张照片令他恍然大悟，原来整个 黄石公园就是一个巨大的火山口。 只是这座火山并不是像我们大 部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞， 这个洞太大了，以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。 8. What does the underlined word “its” in paragraph 1 refer to？ A. The ground. B. The nature. C. The volcano. D. The park. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 代词指代题。根据第一段“It had been known...other steamy features.”可知，its指代Yellowstone National Park’s。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. Why was there smoke rising from the Mexican farmer’s land？ A. A single big crack was forming there. B. Someone was burning stalks there. C. A volcano was erupting underneath. D. There were some hot springs there. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One day in 1943，...a mile-across.” 可知，他的地里冒烟是火山喷发了，后面讲形成一个巨大的圆锥 体，其实这就是火山口。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. How did Bob Christian-sen discover the park’s volcano？ A. By looking at the photographs. B. By analyzing its steamy features. C. By researching historical documents. D. By using some advanced equipment. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As soon as...was a caldera.”可知， Bob Christian-sen是看到宇航局送来的照片时，才知道这个公园就 是火山口。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. What can we infer about Yellowstone？ A. Its level is much higher than the surrounding areas. B. The volcano in it involved mountain building. C. It is a large hole left by the explosion. D. Its shape is much like a cone. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As soon as...at ground level.”可推 断，黄石公园就是火山喷发留下的一个大洞。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D Matt Kauffman is a wildlife researcher at the University of Wyoming.He leads the Wyoming Migration Initiative， which studies the migratory (迁徙的) paths of animals like deer and elk (驼鹿) in the American state of Wyoming. In 2019， Kauffman and other scientists were talking at a conference in Italy. He began learning that wildlife around the world had the same difficulties faced by Wyoming’s migratory deer and elk. “We just naturally got together， and nine or ten of us are working on migrations around the world，” Kauffman told Jackson Hole News & Guide. “We realized that a lot of the same things we were trying to address by mapping migrations in Wyoming were applicable globally.” Their talk in 2019 was the beginning of an international effort that now includes 92 scientists and environmentalists. Their effort is called the Global Initiative on Ungulate (有蹄类动物) Migration. The aim is to gather information on the seasonal movements of gazelles in Mongolia and Norwegian reindeer. The hundreds of paths would then be presented in an electronic migration map. The researchers wrote a report that recently appeared in the publication Science. The report describes how animal movements over long distances to get food and other resources are not doing so well. The main reason for the struggles comes from land development by humans. Roads and fences create barriers for the animals， restricting their movement. And the warming of the planet has also unsettled environmental systems. Joe Ogutu studies migratory east African wildebeest， zebra and Thomson’s gazelle for the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart， Germany. Since 2015， he has watched the ungulate migration called Mara-Loita in southwestern Kenya stop working because of fence- building and sharing land space with hundreds of thousands of sheep and goats. Ogutu hopes that the Global Initiative on Ungulate Migration will bring attention to the Mara-Loita migration and other at-risk paths. “Publicity and attention，” he said， “will hopefully lead to its restoration and protection.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受人类活动的 影响，一些动物的迁徙出现了问题。科研人员正在绘制动物迁徙地 图，以帮助这些面临困境的动物。 12. What did Kauffman realize at the conference in Italy？ A. The migratory paths of animals in Wyoming were at risk. B. The migratory animals’ difficulties were global issues. C. Some scientists finished mapping animals’ migrations. D. Many countries focused on wildlife migrations. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2019， Kauffman...He began learning that wildlife around the world had the same difficulties faced by Wyoming’s migratory deer and elk.”可知，Kauffman在意大利的 会议上意识到迁徙动物面临的困难是全球性的问题。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. What does the report published in Science find according to the text？ A. How to save ungulates in the world. B. Where migratory animals like to move. C. Why animals’ migrations run into trouble. D. What people have done to protect wildlife. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推知，发表在《科学》杂志上的 报告发现了动物面临迁徙问题的原因。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. What does Ogutu think of the Global Initiative on Ungulate Migration？ A. It has great significance. B. It has brought great benefits. C. It should be extended to Africa first. D. It should be based on Mara-Loita migration. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ogutu hopes that...restoration and protection.”可知，Ogutu认为“全球有蹄类动物迁徙倡议”将引起 对马拉-洛伊塔迁移和其他危险路径的关注，由此推知，Ogutu认为 它是很有意义的。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. Which of the following may be the best title for the text？ A. Animals Are Facing Survival Challenges B. Humans have Ruined Animals’ Migration C. Researchers Are Mapping Animals’ Migratory Paths D. Global Warming Brings Threat to Ungulate Migration 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了受人类活动的影响， 一些动物的迁徙出现了问题。科研人员正在绘制动物迁徙地图，以 帮助这些面临困境的动物，故“Researchers Are Mapping Animals’ Migratory Paths (研究人员正在绘制动物的迁徙路径)”是文章最佳 标题。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$