Unit 1 - Unit 8 语法专练（讲义）-2024-2025学年译林版（三起）英语五年级上册

五上U1—8语法专项训练（译林版） 一、表达某处有某人/某物的句型——There is/ are… There is +a/an+可数名词单数+地点. There is +some+不可数名词+地点. There are +some/many+可数名词复数+地点. 易错点提醒：1.在否定句中，some需要改成any。 2. there be句型遵循“就近原则”。 示例：There is a panda and five elephants in the zoo. 动物园里有一只熊猫和五头大象。 There are two pencils and a rubber on the table. 在桌子上有两支铅笔和一块橡皮。 练习1：选择正确的单词补全句子。 1. There are five _________ (bear/bears). 2. There __________ (is/isn’t) any milk in the fridge. 3. There _________ (is/are) __________ (some/any) people in the park. 【易错题】 4. There _________ (is/are) some soup here. 5. There aren’t __________ (some/any) books in the bag. 【易错题】[来源:学§科§网] 6. There ________ (is/are) a book and a rubber on the chair. 练习2：按要求完成句子。 1.在这个房子前有很多树。（汉译英） There _________ _________ trees in ________ of the house. 2. There isn’t any juice in the glass. (改为肯定句) There _________ _________ juice in the glass. 3. There is only a pencil in the box, but _________ _________ any pens in it. (根据句意完成句子) 二、询问可数事物数量的句型——How many …are there(…)? 练习3：选择正确的单词补全句子。 1. How many ________ (computer/computers) are there in your study? 2. How _________ (many/much) people are there in the zoo? 练习4：用正确的疑问词填空。 —____________ rooms are there? —There are five. 三、there be句型的肯定句变一般疑问句的方法 找出be动词（is/are）。 将be动词提到句首。 some变成any，第一人称变为第二人称，句号变问号。【易错点】 其他部分按顺序照抄下来。 练习5：按要求完成句子。 1. There is a library in my school. (改为一般疑问句) __________ ___________ a library in _________ school? 2. There are some apples on the table. (改为一般疑问句并做否定回答) _________ there __________ apples on the table? _________, there __________. 四、表达“我拥有……”的句型——I have +某物(a rabbit, some books…). 1.主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it…)：主语 + has + 某物. 【易错点】 2.主语为第三人称复数(they…)：主语 + have + 某物. 3.否定句结构为：主语 + don’t/doesn’t + have + 某物. 注意陈述句变否定句中some改为any，and改为or的情况。 练习1：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Pigs ________ (have) big bodies. 2. I _______ (have) two friends and Linda ________ (have) four friends. 3. The boy doesn’t ________ (have) a robot. He _______ (have) a toy car. 【易错题】 练习2：按要求完成句子。 I have some fish. (改为否定句) I __________ __________ __________ fish. 【易错题】 五、询问对方是否有某物的句型——Do you have +某物(a bag, any pencils…)? 肯定回答为：Yes, I/ we do. 否定回答为：No, I/we don’t. 主语为第三人称单数：问句：Does+主语+have+某物? 答语：Yes, he/she does. /No, he/she doesn’t. 易错点提醒：当要把陈述句变为此一般疑问句时，陈述句中的一些“some”需改成“any”。 练习3：单项选择。 ( )1. ________ you have _________ crayons? 【易错题】 A. Do; a B. Does; some C. Do; any ( )2. ________ your sister _________ big eyes? A. Do; have B. Does; have C. Does; has ( )3. —_________ the rabbit have two wings? —No, _________. A. Do; they don’t B. Does; it doesn’t C. Does; it does 六、动词原形变为动词-ing形式的规则。 规则 例词 一般直接在词尾加-ing draw—drawing, sing—singing[来源:学科网ZXXK] 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去e加-ing have—having, ride—riding 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词，要双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing sit—sitting，get—getting 练习4：写出下列动词的-ing形式。 1. run—___________ 2.do—___________ 3.skate—___________[来源:学科网ZXXK] 4.dance—__________ 5.swim—_________ 6.stop—____________ 7.buy—____________ 8.fly—___________ 9.see—_____________ 七、表达自己喜欢做某事的句型——I like + 动词-ing形式(+其他). 练习5：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I like __________ (eat) apples. 2. Mike _________ (like) __________ (swim), but he ___________ (not like) __________ (climb). 八、询问对方喜欢做什么的句型——What do you like doing? 答语为：I/We like + 动词-ing形式(+其他). 主语为第三人称单数：问句：What does + 主语 + like doing? 答语：He/She likes + 动词-ing形式(+其他). 练习6：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. —What do you like _________ (do)? —I like _________ (make) snowmen. 2. What ________ he like ________ (do)? 九、询问他人职业的句型——What does +主语(第三人称单数)+do? 答语：He / She is a/an+职业名称. 注意：询问职业的其他句型有： 1.—What do you do? 你是做什么的？—I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。 2.—What is the tall girl? 那个高个子女孩儿是做什么的？—She is a nurse. 她是一名护士。 3.—What’s your job? 你的职业是什么？—I am a doctor. 我是一名医生。 练习1：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. What _________ your aunt _________? (do) 2. —What _________ your friends _________? (do) —They are _________ (policeman). 【易错题】 3. What _________ your _________ (father) job? 练习2：按要求完成句子。 1. I’m a dancer. (对画线部分提问) What ________ you _________? =What ________ your _________? 2. He is a Chinese teacher. (对画线部分提问) ________ _________ he _________? 3. What does your mother do? (根据实际情况回答) ___________________________________________________________ 十、动词原形变成第三人称单数形式的规则。 规则 例词 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加-s look—looks, run—runs, like—likes[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K] 以元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)加y结尾的动词，直接在动词词尾加-s play—plays, stay—stays 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改成i，再加-es study—studies, worry—worries 以-s, -sh, -ch, -x或-o结尾的动词，一般在词尾加-es[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K] pass—passes，mix—mixes 特殊的不规则变化 have—has 练习3：写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 1. help—____________ 2.make—____________ 3.work—____________ 4.write—____________ 5.have—____________ 6.take—_____________ 7.enjoy—____________ 8.cry—_____________ 9.fly—______________ 10.watch—___________ 11.teach—___________ 12.catch—___________ 13.wash—___________ 14.do—_____________ 15.go—_____________ 十一、谓语动词为实义动词的一般现在时的一般疑问句——能用yes/no回答的问句。 问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形(+其他)? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答：No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t. 易错点提醒：问句中的实义动词要用原形。 练习4：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. —_________ you have a rubber? (do) —Yes, I ________. 2. —_________ Peter have an e-friend? (do) —No, he _________. 3. —_________ she ________ (speak) _________ (China)? —Yes, she does. 4. _________ Tom and Jim _________ (have) English lessons at weekends? 5. _________ you like _________ (fish)? 十二、一般现在时的特殊疑问句。 注意：特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词开头，对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问。询问的内容不同，使用 的疑问词也不同，不能用yes或no来回答。 1.对动作提问：What 例如：His mother likes cooking. What does his mother like doing? 2.对年龄提问：How old 例如：I am 11 years old. How old are you? 3.对地点提问：Where 例如：John lives in the UK. Where does John live? 4.对学科提问：What subject(s) 例如：Nancy likes Art and PE. What subjects does Nancy like? 练习5：根据答语补全问句。 1. —_____________ is that boy? —He’s Tom. 2. —_____________ does she live? —In Nanjing. 3. —_____________ is he? —He’s 12. 4. —_____________ does he like? —Chinese and English.[来源:学科网ZXXK] 5. —_____________ does he like doing? —He likes playing table tennis. 十三、频率副词——表示动作发生的次数、频率 1. 四个重点已学频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes。 其他：hardly，never等。 注意：always(总是)＞usually(通常)＞often(经常)＞sometimes(有时候)＞hardly(几乎不)＞never(从不) 100% 85% 60% 40% 10% 0% 2. 频率副词在句中的位置： (1)放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后； 例如：I am usually at home at weekends. 我通常周末在家。 (2)放在实义动词之前； 例如：We often go to the cinema on Sunday. 我们经常周日去看电影。 (3)有时为了强调，可放在句首。 例如：Sometimes, she waters flowers at weekends. 在周末，她有时浇花。 练习1：根据表格信息，补全短文。(注意从always, usually, often, sometimes中选择频率副词) Amy John visit grandparents ★★★[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] have dancing lessons ★★★★★ have football lessons ★★★★ fly kites ★★ [来源:学,科,网] do homework ★★★ run after supper ★★ Amy and John are talking about their weekends. Amy’s weekend is busy. She __________ __________ _________ lessons on Saturday morning. She _________ _________ her grandparents. On Sunday, she _________ _________ _________ with her friends in the park. John likes sports. He _________ _________ football lessons on Saturday afternoon. He ________ ________ ________ homework on Sunday morning. In the evening, he _________ _________ with his dad after ________. 十四、询问对方的周末活动——What do you do at weekends? 答语：I/We+频率副词+动词(短语)原形(+其他). 询问他人周末活动的句型：主语为第三人称单数： 问句：What does+主语+do at weekends? 答语：He/She+频率副词+动词第三人称单数形式(+其他). 主语为第三人称复数： 问句：What do+主语+do at weekends? 答语：They+频率副词+动词(短语)原形(+其他). 练习2：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. What ________ the boys _________ (eat) in the morning? 2. —What ________ they do after school? —They often _______ (study) Maths. 3. —What ________ you ________ (do) every night? —I ________ (read) books. 4. —What ________ Nancy usually do at weekends? —She usually _________ (fly) kites in the park. 【易错题】 练习3：按要求完成句子。 1. ________ ________ ________ _________ do? (根据答语补全问句)[来源:学科网] Alice often goes climbing. 2. What do you do at weekends? (根据实际情况回答) ______________________________________________________________________ 十五、如何叙述做事情的先后顺序——first…next…then…finally first(首先)，表示事情的开始。可用于句首，也可用于句末；next(接着，然后)和then(然后)，放在第 二步或第三步；finally(最后)，表示做事情的最后一步。 易错点提醒：有时next和then的顺序可以互换。 练习4：单项选择。 ( ) ________ I finish my homework. _______ I have dinner with my family. A. First; Final B. One; Next C. First; Then 练习5：根据上下文或首字母提示，补全对话。 Sam: My birthday is coming. Lily: Do you have a ________ every year? Sam: Yes. All my friends come to my house. ________, they give me p . Next, we play games together. ________, they ________ birthday songs to me and I make a w . ________, we eat a birthday ________. We all _______ a ________ time. Lily: Your party is wonderful. Can I g to your party? Sam: Sure. 答案: 重难点语法归纳 练习1：1.bears 2.isn’t 3.are; some 4.is 5.any 6.is 练习2：1.are many; front 2.is some 3.there aren’t 练习3：1.computers 2.many [来源:Z§xx§k.Com] 练习4：How many 练习5：1.Is there; your 2.Are; any; No; aren’t 答案: 重难点语法归纳 练习1：1. have 2.have; has 3.have; has 练习2：don’t have any 练习3：1.C 2. B 3.B[来源:学科网ZXXK] 练习4：1.running 2.doing 3.skating 4.dancing 5.swimming 6.stopping 7.buying 8.flying 9.seeing 练习5：1.eating 2.likes; swimming; doesn’t like; climbing 练习6：1.doing; making 2.does; doing 重难点语法归纳 练习1：1. does; do 2.do; do; policemen 3.is; father’s 练习2：1.do; do; is; job 2.What does; do 3.（答案不唯一）She is a writer. 练习3：1.helps 2. makes 3.works 4.writes 5.has 6.takes 7.enjoys 8.cries 9.flies 10.watches 11.teaches 12.catches 13.washes 14.does 15.goes[来源:学科网] 练习4：1.Do; do 2.Does; doesn’t 3.Does; speak; Chinese 4.Do; have 5.Do; fishing 练习5：1.Who 2.Where 3.How old 4.What subjects 5.What 重难点语法归纳[来源:学科网] 练习1：always has dancing; often visits; sometimes flies kites; usually has; often does his; sometimes runs; supper 练习2：1.do; eat 2.do; study 3.do; do; read 4.does; flies 练习3：1.What does Alice often 2.（答案不唯一）I play table tennis with my father. 练习4：C 练习5：party; First; presents; Then; sing; wish; Finally; cake; have; good; go 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$