选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 选择性必修第三册 (主题语境：人与自然——环境保护) 【话题词汇】 【话题佳句】 1．It is everyone's duty to protect the environment. 保护环境，人人有责。 2．If we don't save water, the last drop of water will be our tear. 如果我们不节约用水，那么最后一滴水将会是我们的眼泪。 3．From recycling to green shopping, each small change you make can really make a difference. 从回收利用到绿色购物，你所做的每一个小改变都能真正起作用。 4．Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves. 我们只有改变对待环境的方式，才能和它好好相处。我们只有拯救环境，才能拯救自己。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆单词 四级词汇 dozen n．[C](一)打；十二个；十几个；[pl.]许多 　two dozen bottles of orange两打瓶装橙汁 　dozens of很多；许多 frequently adv.频繁地；经常(反rarely) fossil n．[C]化石；[非正式用语]老顽固 fuel n．[C]&[U]燃料；刺激性言行vt. & vi.(给……)加燃料vt.增加；刺激 　fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤、石油等) 　fuel (up) a car给车加油 policy n．[C]&[U]政策，方针，原则；[C]保险单 release vt.排放，释放；首映(电影)，发行(CD、书等)，发布(新闻等)n.[U][可用单数]释放，宣泄；发行，发布 　release... from从……中放出…… worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 三级词汇 broadcast(broadcast/broadcasted，broadcast/broadcasted) vt. & vi.广播，播送；传播n.[C]广播节目，电视节目 　live broadcast现场直播 campaign n．[C](政治、商业、社会)运动；(宣传)活动；战役vt. & vi.参加运动；领导运动 　launch a campaign发起一项运动 conservation n．[U](对环境、文物等)保护；(艺术品、历史遗迹等的)保存，保持 　the conservation of old buildings对古建筑的保护 fine vt.[常用于被动语态]对……处以罚款n.[C]罚金；罚款 　fine sb. for sth.因某事罚某人款 　pay a heavy/large fine付巨额罚款 nuclear adj.原子能的，核能的；核心的；原子核的 　nuclear energy/weapons/fuel核能/核武器/核燃料 　a nuclear family(仅由父母和子女组成的)核心家庭；小家庭 seize vt.把握(时机等)；抓住(grab)；夺取，占领，控制 　seize an opportunity抓住一次机会 　seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 sensitive adj.(感情)敏感的；善解人意的；(对光、温度等)敏感的；(话题、形势等)敏感的 　be sensitive to对……敏感 　a highly sensitive topic一个高度敏感的话题 trend n．[C]趋势，趋向，动向；潮流 二级词汇 annual adj.每年的，年度的，一年的n.[C]年刊，年鉴 　annual income/leave年收入/年假 　an annual report/meeting年度报告/年会 enterprise n．[C]企业，公司；事业；[U]事业心，进取心 　a state-owned enterprise国有企业 garbage n．[U]废物，垃圾(BrE rubbish) 　a garbage can垃圾箱 harmonious adj.和谐的；协调的；和睦的(n. harmony) inspection n．[U]&[C]检查，查看，视察(v. inspect) melt vi. & vt.(使)融化；(使)熔化；(使)软化 reform n．[C]&[U]改革；变革；改良vt.改革vt. & vi.(使)改过自新；(使)改正；改造 regulation n．[C]规章制度，规则，法规，章程 restore vt.恢复；修复；使复原 restrict vt.限定，束缚，限制，约束 　restrict one's freedom限制某人的自由 restriction n．[C]&[U]限制规定，限制法规，约束 　import/speed restrictions进口/速度限制 starve vt. & vi.(使)挨饿，饿死 　starve to death饿死 submit vt.提交，呈递vt. & vi.[正式用语](使)屈服；(使)服从 　submit an application呈递申请书 sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的；不破坏环境的 　sustainable development可持续发展 sustain vt.维持；[正式用语]遭受；承受住 undergo (underwent，undergone) vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)；忍受 volume n．[C]&[U](生产、交通等的)量；体积；[C](成套书籍中的)一卷，册；[U]音量 footprint n．[C]足迹；(某物所占的)空间量，面积 一级词汇 agenda n．[C]议程表，议事日程 chaos n．[U]混乱，杂乱，紊乱，一团糟 　in chaos一片混乱 comprehensive adj.全面的，全部的；综合(性)的；所有的；详尽的n.[C]综合中学 　a comprehensive review/study全面的审查/研究 ecology n．[U]生态；生态学 smog n．[U]& [C]烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)；雾霾 tolerate vt.忍受，容许，包容(put up with) disposal n．[U]处理；去掉；清除(v. dispose) emission n．[U]& [C]排放；排放物；散发物 ◆短语 along with与……一起 on behalf of代表/替某人 under/in no circumstances无论如何都不，决不 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 in effect在实施中；实际上 pay a price付出代价 take steps to do sth.采取行动做某事 struggle with/against与……斗争 a low-carbon lifestyle低碳的生活方式 dispose of处理；清除；解决 必背句式 There is little doubt that... 毫无疑问…… It is sb.'s responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任。 The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation. “天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。 Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. 随着越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，水污染程度加重。 In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used to increase crop production. 为了养活更多的人，更多的化学肥料被用来提高粮食产量。 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.核心词块 1．______ in one's mouth入口即化 2．the _________ of the area 该地区的生态 3． _________ the data发布这些资料 4．a _____________ guide to the region 该地区的综合指南 melt ecology release comprehensive 5．economic _________ 经济趋势 6．in a television _____________ 在一个电视节目中 7．a _________ document 政策文件 8． _________ the number of students 限定学生的数量 9． _________ the opportunity抓住机会 10．in a large _________ 在一个大盆里 trends broadcast policy restrict seize basin 11． _________ in education 教育改革 12．be _________ as early as possible尽早提交 13．an _________ meeting年会 14．a very _________ issue 一个特别敏感的问题 15．turn the _________ up/down 把音量调大/小 16． _________ collection 垃圾收集 reforms submitted annual sensitive volume garbage 17． _________ public confidence恢复公众信心 18．wildlife __________________ 野生生物保护 19．pay a _________ 交罚款 20．conduct a ___________ 开展一场运动 21．at the top of the ___________ 当务之急 22．___________ each other's little mistakes 容忍彼此的小错误 restore conservation fine campaign agenda tolerate Ⅱ.变形词汇 1．_______ vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→___________ n．饿死；挨饿 2．_______ vt.维持；遭受；承受住→ ______________ adj.合理利用的；可持续的 3．___________ adj.频繁的；常见的→___________ adv.经常；频繁地→___________ n．频率 starve starvation sustain sustainable frequent frequently frequency 4．___________ n．和谐；和睦；融洽→____________ adj.和谐的 5．________ adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴→ ___________ adv.每年地；年度地→______________ n．周年纪念 6．___________ vt.保存→ ______________ n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持 7．_________ v．检查；视察→ ___________ n．检查员；巡视员→___________ n．检查；查看；视察 harmony harmonious annual annually anniversary conserve conservation inspect inspector inspection Ⅲ.拓展词汇 1．含“-ology”的词汇 ①archaeology 考古学 ②biology 生物学 ③ecology 生态学 ④geology 地质学 ⑤climatology 气候学 ⑥psychology 心理学 ⑦sociology 社会学 ⑧technology 工艺学；技术 ⑨zoology 动物学 2．表示“程度”的副词集锦 ①extremely 极度地 ②entirely 完全地 ③completely 完全地； 彻底地 ④perfectly 完美地 Ⅳ.重点短语 1．be left to ______________ 等着饿死 2．end ____________ 在混乱中结束 3．____________ my colleagues代表我的同事们 4．____________ economic plans几十项经济计划 5．__________________ the developing child对成长中的孩子产生影响 6．______________ information大量信息 starve to death in chaos on behalf of dozens of have an impact on amounts of Ⅴ.课文佳句 1．____________________，Earth _____________________．(含蓄虚拟语气) 如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。 Without this process could not sustain life 2．_________________________________________________________________________________，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(It is one's responsibility to do sth.) 抓住每个机会来对所有人进行全球变暖及其成因和影响的教育是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming 3．Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, _______________________________ _____________________．(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。 many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river 4．With these measures, ___________________________________ ___________________________________．(It is believed that...) 相信通过这些措施，漓江之美将得以世代相传。 it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come 5．Local officials were concerned_____________________________ __________________and felt________________________________ ______________________________________．(并列宾语从句) 当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并且觉得应该采取紧急措施来恢复河流的原始美景。 that the pollution was damaging the natural environment that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“____________ (ecology) design” is the name John gives to what he does. 2．What shocked the scientists was that many seals died from ____________ (starve) because they couldn't find enough food to eat. Ecological starvation 3．The host and the guests ______________ (frequent)raised their glasses during the feast. 4．He was educated at the local _________________ (comprehend) school. 5．She remained ____________ (bitter) opposed to the idea of moving abroad. frequently comprehensive bitterly Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．To do this I have searched through ____________________ (众多的剧本)to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. 2．The rescue crew worked around the clock to save those ____________________________________ (被困在废墟中的人). dozens of plays who were trapped in the ruins 3．____________ (实际上)，half of the 6，000－7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century. 4．After the accident，________________________________ (她从未再提及他). 5．Experts say the building of the reservoir may _________________ ___________________ (对本地生态系统造成破坏). In effect she never referred to him again cause damage to the local ecosystem Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．毫无疑问，教育是一个我们应该多加重视的问题。 _________________________ education is a problem we should attach more importance to. 2．人们认为，这座城堡建于16世纪。(it作形式主语) ________________________ the castle was built in the 16th century. There is no doubt that It is believed that 核心考点 互动探究 1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿(suffer from hunger)；饿得要死；饿死 vi.渴望(have a great desire for) ①A sparrow starved to ________(die) because of lack of food. ②There is no doubt that these children whose parents died in the disaster starve _____love. ③With the serious drought，these people faced increased risk of _____________(starve) and disease. death for starvation (1)starve to death饥饿而死 starve for sth.渴望某物 (2)starvation n．饥饿；饿死 die of/from starvation饿死 (3)starving adj.挨饿的 2.release vt.& n．排放；释放(to let sb./sth. come out of a place)；松开(to stop holding sth.)；发布(allow sth. to be known or published) ①The movie is to go_____ release next week. ②Ford is expected to be released ______hospital today. ③People often release thousands of balloons______ the sky on that day. ④This medicine will ease your pain. →This medicine will _________________________． on from into release you from pain (1)release sb./sth.from从……中释放某人/某物 release...into...把……释放到…… (2)the release of...……的释放 go on release上映；发行 3.restrict vt.限制，限定，束缚(keep sth./sb. within limits) ①In order to keep healthy，I restrict myself ___one cup of coffee a day. ②He found the job too _________________(restrict)，so he decided to quit it and find another new one. ③By putting on a VR headset，people can take a “tour” of the museum，going slowly without a time _____________(restrict). ④我们将每个班的学生限定为10人。 ____________________________________________________ to restrictive restriction We restrict the number of students per class to 10. (1)restrict...to...把……限制在…… (2)restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束 without restriction无限制地 (3)restrictive adj.限制(性)的；约束(性)的 4.seize vt.抓住(grab)；夺取(take sth. into one's possession)；控制 ①The policeman seized the thief ____ the arm. ②我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之心理描写) The moment I saw my father's cloudy face，__________________． ③鲍勃以下雨为借口不去上学，这让他的父母很生气。(读后续写之情景描写) ____________________________________________________________________________________ by panic seized me Bob seized on the rain as an excuse for missing school，which made his parents angry. (1)seize on/upon抓住(可利用的事物)；突然关注 seize the precious opportunity抓住珍贵的机会 seize the moment/the day抓住时机/今天 seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 (2)seize power夺权 5.submit vi.& vt.(submitted；submitted；submitting)提交，呈递(offer sth.for consideration)；屈服 ①When is the final date for the ______________(submit) of the proposal? ②_____________ (submit) by Tom，the paper was highly thought of by his professor. ③Mr.Green submitted his resignation report _____the school yesterday afternoon. submission Submitted to ④The teacher feels very angry because some students have not yet handed the paper to him. →____________________________________________________，the teacher feels very angry.(submit；with复合结构) With some students failing to submit the paper to him (1)submit to 服从于；屈从于 submit oneself to 甘受……；服从…… submit...to...向……提交…… (2)submission n．提交的文件；屈服；呈递 6.sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 ①Opposition can't be avoided，so stop being so sensitive ___voting outcomes. ②If you are not _____________(sense) of the dangers of your position，you will suffer a lot sooner or later. ③She is very sensitive ____________her appearance. ④她对那天晚上发生的事毫无责任。 _______________________________________________________ to sensible about In no sense did she bear responsibility for what happened that night. (1)be sensitive to 对……敏感 be sensitive about 介意……；在乎…… (2)sensible adj.明智的；意识到 be sensible of 意识到…… (3)sense n．感觉；意识；意义；理智vt.感觉到 make sense讲得通；有道理 make sense of理解；弄懂 in a sense在某种意义上 in no sense决不(置于句首时，句子用倒装) 7.tolerate vt.容许；忍受(stand or endure)；包容 ①I can't tolerate _____________(work)with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works. ②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a __________(tolerate) smile and let him go. ③The school can't ____________________________________(容许学生在考试中作弊). working tolerant tolerate students cheating in exams (1)tolerate (sb./sth.) doing sth.容忍/忍受(某人/某物)做某事 (2)tolerance n．宽容；忍耐力 (3)tolerant adj.宽容的 be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.容忍/宽容某人/某事 8.on behalf of代表(代替)某人 ①I would like to thank you all_____ behalf of my whole family. ②The man seldom had a good rest _____behalf of those who were in need. ③我们两个代表全班同学来看望您。 a．We both come to visit you______________________________． b．We both come to visit you，____________________________． on in on behalf of the whole class representing the whole class (1)on sb.'s behalf＝on behalf of sb.代表/代替某人；以某人的名义 in behalf of sb.＝in sb.'s behalf为帮助某人 (2)stand for代表；主张，支持；容忍 represent v．代表 9.“There is little/no doubt that...”为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明doubt的内容 [教材原句]　There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。 ①There is no doubt ______in your mind he is innocent，is there? ②I have no doubt ______you will succeed，but I doubt _________you have really got everything ready. ③I don't doubt ______ a friendly and harmonious environment is of great importance to us all. ④关于做这件事的最佳方法还有一些疑问。 ____________________________________________ that that whether/if that There is some doubt about the best way to do it. (1)名词doubt若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句(whether不可用if替换)。 (2)动词doubt若用在肯定句中，接whether或if引导的宾语从句；若用在否定句或疑问句中，接that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否…… I don't/never doubt that...我不怀疑；我相信…… 10.“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”句型 [教材原句]　With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.相信通过这些措施，漓江之美将得以世代相传。 ①It is said that yoga is of great benefit to people's health. →Yoga ____________of great benefit to people's health. ②___________________ (据报道) that the mayor will visit our school next week. ③(人们)通常认为，良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。(议论文) ___________________________________________________________________________ is said to be It is reported It is generally believed that a good education is beneficial to young people. (1)此句型中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 (2)常用于此句型的过去分词(短语)有believed，said，reported，thought，hoped，suggested，known，estimated，proved，pointed out等。 (3)该句型可转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”结构。 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．The government has promised to take measures_________ (help) the unemployed. 2．The concert_________________ (broadcast) live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. to help was broadcast 3．Before completing the task，the professor assigned another one ____me. 4．Tom as well as his teammates _________(get) first prize and John envies their good fortune greatly. 5．We are scared to abandon ________________(we) to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control. to gets ourselves 6．It was written in 1946，since when the education system __________________(undergo) great changes. 7．Jane was sensitive____ emotional problems and it was difficult for her to handle the problems properly. 8．Parents are convinced that plenty of praise will make kids more confident，which actually has a negative effect ____them. has undergone to on 9．Many experts have realised that the current medical system needs _________________________(reform) to meet the needs of our increasing aging population. 10．She was picked out from _________(dozen) of students to participate in the competition _____behalf of the school. reforming/to be reformed dozens on 维度2　熟词生义 1．I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. ___________________ 2．It's this tough，sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. ________________ 3．The exhibition in New York was aimed at exploring how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. ___________ vt.侵袭，控制 adj.持续的 vt.刺激 维度3　一句多译/词汇升级/句式升级 1．我代表我们全家向你表示热烈的欢迎。 ①________________my whole family，I would like to express my warm welcome.(represent) ②_______________my whole family，I would like to express my warm welcome.(behalf) Representing On behalf of 2．I don't know how you can tolerate such a rude guy. →I don't know how you can_____________ such a rude guy. 3．Without doubt，the Internet helps us keep up with the times. →____________________________ the Internet helps us keep up with the times. put up with There is no doubt that 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　单元话题写作 假定你是李华，请你代表学生会，写一篇短文，号召同学们积极地参与垃圾分类的活动。 根据以上信息及提示补全下面文章。 ① ___________(代表) the Students' Union，I call on us students to take an active part in the movement (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：②___________)，whose theme is classifying garbage. ③_____________ __________(毫无疑问) classifying garbage is beneficial to the ④____________ (conserve) of the environment.Up to now，⑤________ (许多) restrictions and regulations have been carried out (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：⑥_____________) to make our relationship with nature more ⑦_____________ (harmony).In a word，if waste disposal is well dealt with，our environment will ⑧ ____________(restore). On behalf of campaign There is little/no doubt that conservation dozens of implemented harmonious be restored 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情感 描写 sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许 动作 描写 melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 vt.加强；刺激 seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等) restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复 starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住 submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 作为一个敏感的女孩，海伦不能忍受在陌生环境中的孤独。沉重的学习压力进一步加剧了她的困境。由于不知道如何释放自己的情绪，她正经历着一段痛苦的时光，她被极度的悲伤攫住了。她渴望摆脱这种令人窒息的境况。幸运的是，班长的关爱和支持使她度过了那段困难时期。渐渐地，海伦恢复了信心，下定决心不向任何困难屈服。她内心的孤独最终消融了，她的脸上露出了快乐的笑容。 Being ______________，Helen couldn't ______________________ __________________．Heavy study pressure further _______________． Not knowing how to ___________________，she__________________ __________and she __________________________．She_____________ ___________the choking situation.Luckily，the monitor's care and support __________________________________．Gradually，Helen_________ _____________，determined not to ____________________________． Her inner loneliness finally __________，a happy smile brightening her face. a sensitive girl tolerate being lonely in the unfamiliar surroundings fueled her dilemma release her emotions was undergoing a painful time was seized by extreme sorrow was starving to get rid of sustained her through the difficult period restored her confidence submit herself to any difficulties melted away [名篇品读] These wise and sober thoughts continued all the while the storm lasted，and indeed some time after；but the next day the wind was abated，and the sea calmer，and I began to be a little inured to it；however，I was very grave for all that day，being also a little sea-sick still；but towards night the weather cleared up，the wind was quite over，and a charming fine evening followed；the sun went down perfectly clear，and rose so the next morning；and having little or no wind，and a smooth sea，the sun shining upon it，the sight was，as I thought，the most delightful that ever I saw. —Robinson Crusoe 这些明智而清醒的思想，在暴风雨肆虐期间，乃至停止后的短时间内，一直在我脑子里盘旋。到了第二天，暴风雨过去了，海面平静多了，我对海上生活开始有点习惯了。但我整天仍是愁眉苦脸的；再加上有些晕船，更是打不起精神来。到了傍晚，天气完全晴了，风也完全停了，继之而来的是一个美丽可爱的金色黄昏。当晚和第二天清晨天气晴朗，落日和日出显得异常清丽。此时，阳光照在风平浪静的海面上，令人心旷神怡。那是我以前从未见过的美景。 ——《鲁滨孙漂流记》 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·江苏徐州期中) More than a decade ago，the UK's Royal Society offered ￡1 million to the first person in the world to create a chemical-free product.No one has yet claimed the money because it is impossible.Water is a chemical.So is your tea.Yet there is still so much confusion about everyday products，from cleaning sprays to cosmetics (化妆品).While some are labeled as chemical free，others declare they are non-poisonous，natural and eco-friendly. To work out whether products contain harmful chemicals，which are harmful or dangerous to us or the planet，we need to look at the bigger picture of how something is produced and where it ends up after we have used it.Our homes are just a snapshot (照片) of a complex global supply chain.Your handbag may not be dangerous，but direct exposure to the chromium salts used in commercial leather factories can cause uncomfortable conditions in people involved in its production.And the chlorine bleach (漂白水) that gets washed down the toilet？That is poisonous to animals relying on water. Labels are so full of jargon(行业术语)；however，identifying what is good and what isn't can feel impossible.A starting point is to not be tricked by marketing words.Even the term “sustainable” has no official definition，so for green credentials (环保资质) look for proof of claims in the form of certificates，such as Cradle to Cradle，which ensures the chemicals used are safe for people and the environment，and that they get reused in the production process. Also be skeptical about labels focusing on what a product doesn't contain，such as “paraben-free” or “no harmful substances”．Real transparency (透明度) is about making clear the things that are used to make products，not taking our attention away from them. Therefore，until long-term effects on people and the planet are investigated，we should choose brands that are fully transparent and call for clearer labeling from the rest. 【语篇解读】　没有人能保证所使用的商品不含有化学物质，虽然我们日常使用的从清洁剂到化妆品都标注其不含化学物质，我们也要对此持怀疑态度。本文主要说明了作者对于产品标签的看法及如何鉴别产品。 2 3 1 4 1．Why does the author mention the UK's Royal Society? A．To explain a concept. B．To lead to a topic. C．To provide a solution. D．To make a prediction. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 写作意图题。文章第一段讲到十多年前，英国皇家学会承诺给世界上第一个发明无化学物质产品的人奖励100万英镑，但目前还没有人收到这笔奖赏，因为这不可能。接着提出本文主题：产品的标签往往反映着其是否含有化学物质。据此可知，文章提到英国皇家学会是为了引出文章主题。 2 3 1 4 2．What message does the author convey by mentioning “handbag” in paragraph 2? A．The production process may be harmful to producers. B．Daily items at home are dangerous to the planet. C．Commercial leather factories reflect a complex global supply chain. D．Health conditions of consumers are supposed to be attached importance to. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Your handbag may ...in its production.”可知，你的手提包可能不危险，但直接接触商业皮革工厂使用的铬盐会使参与生产的人感到不适。据此可以推知，作者提到“手提包”是想要说明生产过程可能对生产者有害。 2 3 1 4 3．How can people make right judgments on labels? A．By relying on marketing words. B．By identifying product brands. C．By focusing on product packaging. D．By checking on authorized certifications. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Even the term...the production process.”可知，环保资质需要以证书的形式提供证明，比如“Cradle to Cradle”，以确保所使用的化学品对人和环境都是安全的，并在生产过程中得到重复利用。据此可知，人们通过检查授权证书对标签做出正确的判断。 2 3 1 4 4．What's the author's attitude towards the labels of products? A．Favorable.　　　　　 B．Intolerant. C．Cautious. D．Unclear. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者认为，要对标签上强调的产品不含的东西持怀疑态度，比如“不含防腐剂”或“不含有害物质”。据此可推知，作者对产品标签持谨慎态度。 B (2023·福建福州调研) Should we be thrilled that，for the first time in a century，Australia went more than a week without using any coal to make electricity？While some are welcoming this as a sign that the country is going green，the bigger picture is less encouraging.For one thing，renewables supplied only 23 per cent of electricity during this coal-free period，while 45 per cent came from natural gas.In the past decade，the country has gone from getting a third of its electricity from coal to obtaining more than a third from renewables like onshore wind on average.Australia now gets 11 per cent of its electricity from“renewable”biomass(生物质能燃料)，much of it using imported wood.But forest campaigners say swapping coal for wood isn't truly renewable and is actually doing huge damage to the environment. For another，Australia is off-track when it comes to meeting its long-term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions(排放).Producing electricity without burning fossil fuels is relatively easy.But it is much harder to heat homes，to make cement and steel，to grow food and to power cars，ships and planes without producing any greenhouse gases.In view of this，we should handle the energy and climate crises at the same time by finding climate-friendly alternatives to coal. Australia has now stopped the financial aid that drove its renewables revolution.So growth in renewable energy is expected to come to a stop in a decade.The global renewables revolution seems to be following the same trend.The International Energy Agency(IEA) recently announced that the world added 180 gigawatts (吉瓦) of solar，wind，hydropower and bioenergy in 2018，the same as in 2017.But IEA said we must add 300 gigawatts a year to have a chance of limiting global warming to under 2 ℃ by 2100.So we should cheer the end of coal，but continue to worry about how it will be replaced. 【语篇解读】　我们应该为澳大利亚“无碳周”感到兴奋吗？虽然一些人将其视为该国的环保举措，但从宏观角度上看它却并不那么鼓舞人心。 5 6 7 8 5．In the “coal-free week”，what did Australia use most to make electricity? A．Natural gas.　　　　 B．Onshore wind. C．Biomass. D．Wood. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“renewables supplied only 23 per cent of...while 45 per cent came from natural gas”可知，在“无碳周”，45%的电力来自天然气。 5 6 7 8 6．What can be inferred about the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in paragraph 2? A．Positive results are tracked. B．Long-term goals are ambitious. C．Additional efforts are required. D．Climate change is unavoidable. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Australia is off-track when it comes to meeting its long-term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions”并结合本段的陈述可以推断，在减少温室气体排放问题上，澳大利亚还需要付出更多努力。 5 6 7 8 7．What can we learn about renewable energy in paragraph 3? A.It ought to be replaced. B．It will see an adequate increase. C．It starts a revolution in Australia. D．It needs constant financial aid. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Australia has now stopped the financial aid...come to a stop in a decade.”可以推知，可再生能源的变革需要持续的资金援助。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the author's attitude towards the coal-free week? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Thrilled. D．Ambiguous. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Should we be thrilled that...the bigger picture is less encouraging.”可知，作者对“无碳周”持怀疑态度。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·湖北武汉二模) Savanna Lorpu Karmue，16，is a student，author，activist，and possibly one of our next great cardiologists(心脏病学家).Her inspiring story started with her favourite teacher who was about to have a(n) 1 because of a serious heart attack.After she 2 the teacher in the hospital，Savanna's curiosity led her towards a deep 3 of the heart and its importance to the human body. 4 by her parents to research related matters of the heart，Savanna learned that one in three of teenagers were 5 from childhood obesity (肥胖)，which can lead to heart disease. She 6 making videos，named Happy Heart Advice，sharing with the world 7 to have better health and a healthy heart.In 2016，Happy Heart Advice provided over 30，000 children with 8 about healthy living.In June 2017，she was invited as a 9 at an international conference，where she shared 10 information on how to 11 healthy eating to everyday adolescent lifestyles.She was 12 by the American Heart Association for her 13 in the health community at such an early age.She's currently 14 an app that will make it easier for moms and families to make conscious efforts to 15 “Happy Heart-approved food”instead of grabbing whatever catches their eye in a grocery store. 【语篇解读】　Savanna在医院探望过即将进行心脏病手术的老师之后，对心脏及其对身体的重要性产生了很大的兴趣。当她得知，三分之一的青少年因肥胖可能导致患心脏病时，她决定制作“快乐心脏建议”视频，倡导健康饮食和健康生活理念。现在她正在开发应用程序来更便捷地帮助更多的人。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.training B．appointment C．lecture D．operation 答案：D 根据下文中的“because of a serious heart attack...the teacher in the hospital”可知，Savanna的老师因为严重的心脏病将做手术。 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 13 14 15 2．A.persuaded B．visited C．consulted D．cured 答案：B 根据常识可知，她最喜欢的老师住院之后，Savanna应是去医院探望老师。 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 13 14 15 3．A.explanation B．appreciation C．affection D．expectation 答案：B 根据上下文可知，Savanna在目睹老师饱受心脏病折磨之后，呼吁青少年“have better health and a healthy heart”，由此可以推断，Savanna对心脏及其重要性有了更加深刻的认识。appreciation“了解，认识”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 4．A.Moved B．Forced C．Begged D．Encouraged 答案：D 根据语境可知，Savanna的父母鼓励她去研究心脏相关问题。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 5．A.dying B．learning C．suffering D．benefiting 答案：C 根据下文中的“making videos...sharing with the world 7 to have better health and a healthy heart”可知，此处描述Savanna制作“快乐心脏建议”视频的原因；再结合语境和常识可知，此处表示三分之一的青少年遭受肥胖问题困扰。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 6．A.began B．avoided C．admitted D．denied 答案：A 根据语境可知，Savanna开始制作视频。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 7．A.ways B．dreams C．love D．money 答案：A 根据上文中的“research related matters of the heart”可知，经过研究之后，Savanna通过制作视频的方法和世界分享拥有更好的健康和健康心脏的方法。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 8．A.food B．reports C．education D．statistics 答案：C 根据上文中的“sharing with the world 7 to have better health and a healthy heart”可知，“快乐心脏建议”视频为儿童提供有关健康生活的教育。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 9．A.speaker B．doctor C．performer D．hostess 答案：A 根据下文中的“an international conference，where she shared”可知，Savanna被邀请去当发言嘉宾。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 10．A.abstract B．extra C．brief D．practical 答案：D 结合常识和语境可知，Savanna想让青少年拥有健康的心脏，因此，她会分享一些将健康饮食应用到青少年日常生活中的实用信息。abstract“抽象的”。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 11．A.limit B．reduce C．apply D．compare 答案：C 参见上题解析。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 12．A.impressed B．confused C．honored D．protected 答案：C 梳理文章发展脉络可知，上文讲到了“she was invited as a 9 at an international conference”，故此处也应描述Savanna获得的荣誉，honor“给……荣誉，表彰，表扬”符合语境。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 13．A.influence B．generosity C．knowledge D．ability 答案：A 根据上文中的“In 2016，Happy Heart Advice provided over 30，000 children with 8 about healthy living.”可知，Savanna小小年纪已经在(心脏)健康领域颇具影响力。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 14．A.commenting on B．working on C．showing off D．putting off 答案：B 结合语境可知，Savanna现在正致力于研发一款应用软件。 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 13 14 15 15．A.preserve B．process C．deliver D．purchase 答案：D 结合语境可知，此处表示让妈妈和孩子更容易有意识地购买“快乐心脏认可的食品”。 $$