必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 必修第三册 (主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事) 【话题词汇】   【话题佳句】 1．Roses presented，smell remains. 送人玫瑰，留有余香。 2．Honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策。 3．The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. —Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 找到自我的最好方法就是投入为他人服务中。 ——莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地 4．Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 5．Do not do evil things however trivial they are.Do not give up good things however trivial they are. 勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。 6．It is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation that we should respect the old and cherish the young. 尊老爱幼是中华民族的传统美德。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆单词 五级词汇 accident n．[C]事故；车祸；失事 memory n．[C][常用复数]记忆，回忆；[C]&[U]记忆力 　in memory of作为对……的纪念 might n．[U][正式用语]力量，威力 　with all one's might竭尽全力地，全力以赴地 publish vt.发表/刊登(作品)；出版 therefore adv.[正式用语][置于句首、句中]因此，所以(thus) 四级词汇 chain n．[C]一连串(人或事)；连锁店；[C]&[U]链条；链子 　a chain of events/accidents一连串事件/事故 colleague n．[C]同事；同僚 complain vi. & vt.[不用于被动语态]抱怨，发牢骚(n. complaint) 　complain (to sb.) about/of(向某人)抱怨…… 　complain (to sb.)＋that从句(向某人)抱怨…… decade n．[C]十年，十年期 fee n．[C]专业服务费，报酬 harm n．[U]伤害，损害，危害vt.伤害，损害 　do harm to/do...harm伤害；对……有害 hire vt.聘任，雇用；租用n.[U]租用，租借 income n．[C]&[U]收入；收益 marriage n．[C]&[U]结婚，婚姻(v. marry) operation n．[C]手术；企业；[U]运行，运转；[C]&[U]经营(v. operate) per prep.每，每一 pole n．[C](行星的)极，地级；杆，柱 replace vt.接替，取代；更换(n. replacement) 　replace...with/by用……替换 respond vt.[正式用语]回答，回复(reply)vi.做出反应，回应(react) 　respond to a letter回信 response n．[C]&[U]反应；回答，回复 　in response (to)作为(对……的)回答/反应 saving n．节省物，节约；[pl.]储蓄金，存款(v. save) 　open a savings account开储蓄账户 staff n．[C][集体名词]员工，全体职员 tear n．[C]眼泪，泪水(tore，torn)vt. & vi.(被)撕开，(被)撕碎，(被)撕掉 　in tears流着泪，含着泪 tend vt.照顾；照料，护理vi.倾向，趋于；照料；护理 　tend (to) the sick护理病人 　tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会做某事 union n．[C]协会，联合会，工会；[U]联合，团结 三级词汇 bite (bit，bitten) vt. & vi.咬；叮，蛰n.[C]咬，(咬下的)一口；咬伤 chairman n．[C]主席；主持人；董事长 court n．[C](网球等的)球场；[C]&[U]法院，法庭 elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处 energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的(n. energy) flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的；易弯曲的(反inflexible) import n．[U]进口；[C]进口商品vt.进口，输入，引进 insurance n．[C]&[U]保险；保证；[U]保险业；保险金(v. insure) majority n．[常用单数]大部分，大多数(反minority) moral adj.道德的(反immoral)；道义上的n.[C][pl.]道德，品行；[C]寓意 passive adj.被动的，顺从的 precious adj.珍稀的，宝贵的 principle n．[C]&[U]道德原则；[C]原则，原理，法则 retire vi. & vt.(使)退休，退职；退出 scared adj.害怕的，对……感到惊慌或恐惧的(v. scare) scholarship n．[C]奖学金 sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；明显的；锋利的；敏锐的 whisper vi. & vt.悄声说，耳语，低语n.[C]耳语(声)，低语(声)，传言；谣传 二级词汇 appoint vt.任命，委派 assist vt.[正式用语]帮助，援助 clinic n．[C]诊所，门诊部 elect vt.[常用于被动语态]选举，推选(n. election) export n．[U]出口；[C][常用复数]出口商品vt.出口，输出；传播 illustrate vt.(举例)说明，阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 lap n．[C](坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈 reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用(n. rejection) spill (spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled) vt. & vi.(使)洒出，(使)溢出 tension n．[C]&[U]紧张关系；[U]紧张，焦虑(adj. tense) faraway adj.遥远的 一级词汇 physician n．[C][正式用语]医师；(尤指)内科医生 　resident physician住院医师 virtue n．[C]&[U][正式用语]美德，优秀品质；高尚的道德(反vice) entrust vt.委托，交付 ◆短语 a great deal (of)大量 pass away去世 in need of需要 come along一起来；出现；进展 trip over被……绊倒 make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 do/give/offer first aid进行急救 carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关 moral dilemma道德困境 in despair处于绝望中；绝望地 at midnight在午夜 必背金句 ◆用“非谓语动词”描述动作与情感 The child lay on her mother's lap, smiling sweetly. 小孩躺在她妈妈的腿上，甜甜地笑着。 Feeling hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. 被拒绝让她很伤心，她咬着嘴唇，悄悄地走开了。 During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him. 手术期间，她坐在候诊室里为他担心了一个多小时。 Hearing that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Johnson hurried to the hospital. 约翰逊先生得知妻子在事故中受了伤，急忙赶到医院。 I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard. 我看到她在他耳边低语，显然是不想让人听见。 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.核心词块 1．traditional __________ values 传统的道德观念 2．lead a life of _________ 过着高尚的生活 3．be in a_________ 处于进退两难的境地 4．to _________ my point 为了说明我的观点 5．_________ memories/possessions 珍贵的回忆/财物 moral virtue dilemma illustrate precious 6．set one's face against the __________坚决反对这门亲事 7．_________ to the manager向经理投诉 8．get a full __________ 获得全额奖学金 9．______ a local guide 雇一个当地的导游 10．a __________ of mine from the office 我办公室的一位同事 11．as a resident __________ 作为一名住院医师 marriage complain scholarship hire colleague physician 12．work in a faraway _________ 在一个遥远的诊所工作 13．over the last _________ 在过去的十年里 14．in comparison with people __________ in the world 和世界上其他地方的人相比 15．masterpieces _________ in the last century 20世纪出版的杰作 16．all outstanding _________ 所有优秀员工 clinic decade elsewhere published staff 17．a matter of ______________ 原则问题 18．victims of ___________ smoking被动吸烟的受害者 19．creat a young ___________ image 塑造了一个充满活力的年轻形象 20．by ___________ 偶然 21．___________ something in my ear对我耳语几句 principle passive energetic accident whisper 22．the owner of a _________ of supermarkets 连锁超市的老板 23．as a result of the oil ________ 由于石油泄漏 24．the _______ of China 中国力量 25．a more __________ approach 一种更灵活的方法 26．free the body of ________使紧张的身体放松 27．a ________ teacher一位退休教师 chain spill might flexible tension retired Ⅱ.变形词汇 1．______________ vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→ _____________ n．说明；插图；例证；图解 2．_______ v．嫁；娶，结婚→_____________ n．结婚；婚姻 3．__________ n．少数；少数民族→ _____________ n．(反义词)大部分；大多数 illustrate illustration marry marriage minority majority 4．_____________ vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚 →_____________ n．抱怨；不满；投诉 5．_________ vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→ _____________ n．反应；回答；回复 6．_______ vt.拒绝接受；不录用→_____________ n．拒绝接受；否决 complain complaint respond response reject rejection 7．_________ vt.选择，决定(做某事)；选举；推选→ ________ n．选举；推选；当选 8．________ vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→________ adj.对……感到惊慌或恐惧的；害怕的→________ adj.恐怖的，可怕的 9．________ adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的；(增长、下跌等)急剧的；明显的→ ________ vt.& vi.削尖；磨快；(使)变锋利 elect election scare scared scary sharp sharpen 10．_________ vt.任命，委派；约定→ _____________ n．约会；任命 11．________ vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→ _________ n．手术；企业；经营；运转→___________ n．操作人员 appoint appointment operate operation operator Ⅲ.拓展词汇 1．与“婚姻”有关的高频词汇集锦 ①marry v．结婚 ②bride n．新娘 ③bridegroom n．新郎 ④divorce n．离婚 ⑤marriage n．婚姻 ⑥wedding n．婚礼 ⑦fall in love相爱；爱上 ⑧break up分手；关系破裂 ⑨be engaged to与……订婚 2．表示人“品质”的形容词 ①elegant高雅的 ②mature成熟的 ③sensible明智的 ④shallow肤浅的 ⑤modest谦虚的 ⑥noble高贵的 ⑦generous慷慨大方的 ⑧determined坚毅的 Ⅳ.重点短语 1．________ the task ____ his nephew把这个任务托付给了他的侄子 2．________________ more difficult times陪我度过更多艰难的时光 3．________ make mistakes倾向于出错 4．________ the original painting ________ a copy用摹本换走原画 5．________ treatment急救处理 entrust to carry me through tend to replace with first aid 6．____________from illness因病去世 7．______________ the dead纪念死者 8．__________ the stone被石头绊倒 9．leave the room __________ 含着泪离开房间 10．____________ domestic agriculture 有损国内农业 11．give up the attempt __________ 在绝望中放弃尝试 12．give me ________________ encouragement 给我很多鼓励 pass away in memory of trip over in tears do harm to in despair a great deal of Ⅴ.课文佳句 1．A moral dilemma is a situation _________________________ ______________________．(抽象地点名词作先行词的定语从句) 道德困境是指你有两个或更多困难的选择要做。 in which you have two or more difficult choices to make 2．She immediately________________________________________ ____________________in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth.) 她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 3．__________________________ thought about moving the stone out of the road.(neither...nor...既不……也不……) 她没有想着把石头从路上挪走，她的朋友们也没有这样考虑。 became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician Neither she nor her friends 4．After a while，a group of women came along, _________________ _____________________．(独立主格结构) 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 each balancing a pot of water on her head 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．Their_____________ (respond) to the proposal was, at best, cool. 2．The purpose of the HUNCH program is not to ____________ (sharp) students' communication skills. response sharpen 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which ____________ (illustration) what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he looked down，he____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 5．A ____________ (major) of staff voted to accept the offer of an 8% pay rise. illustrated accidentally majority Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．He ____________________________________(在绝望中，他即将放弃尝试)when suddenly he heard a helicopter. 2．I'll be the first in my family ___________________________(从大学毕业). was about to give up the attempt in despair to graduate from university 3．He stresses honesty will ___________________________________ (在增进友谊方面起重要作用). 4．He takes the view that____________________________________ ___________(孩子们应该对自己的行为负责). 5．His natural mother _______________________(不能够照顾他)so he was raised by his aunt. play a key role in strengthening friendship children should be responsible for their own actions was unable to care for him Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．如果我们能把时间定在下周末就最好了，那个时候考试结束了，我就可以抽出时间和你出去。(否定词＋比较级) _______________________if we could make it next weekend，when the test is over and I can spare time to go out with you. It wouldn't be better 2．许多人都知道居里夫人是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女士。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth.) Most people know that Marie Curie was ______________________the Nobel Prize. 3．不幸的是，随着我们经济的发展，近年来海洋受到了污染。(witness) Unfortunately，as our economy advances，______________________ __________________________． the first woman to win recent years have witnessed the oceans being polluted 核心考点 互动探究 1.respond vt.回答，回复(answer) vi.做出反应，回应(react) ①Don't respond ___any emails requesting personal information，no matter how official they look. ②These comments came in _________(respond)to specific questions often asked by local newsmen. ③团队合作教会了我们要有耐心，以及如何回应不同的状况。(主旨升华) __________________________________________________________________________ to response Teamwork taught us to be patient and how to respond to different situations. (1)respond to答复……；对……做出反应 (2)response n．回答；答复；反应 in response to作为对……的反应 make a response to对……做出回应 [实战贴士]　respond to，in response to，make a response to中的to都是介词。 2.appoint vt.任命，委派(choose sb.for a job or position)；约定，指定(时间、地点等)(fix a time or place) ①__________ (appoint) as president of the university yesterday，he is giving a speech on the platform now. ②You can put the books in the_____________ (appoint)place，and other participants can have free access to them. ③I have an __________________(appoint)with him，but I need to change it. Appointed appointed appointment ④(2021·北京卷，书面表达)由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。 a．Because I___________________________________________, I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time. b．________________________________________, I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time. have made/had an appointment with the dentist Having made/had an appointment with the dentist (1)appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 (2)appointment n．约会；约定；预约；委任 have an appointment with sb.与某人有约会 make an appointment with sb.与某人预约 keep/break an appointment守/违约　 3.tend vt.照顾，照料(look after，take care of) vi.倾向；趋于(take a particular direction or often have a particular quality) ①While I tend ______(buy) a lot of books，these three were given to me as gifts，which might add to the meaning I attach to them. ②People have a _____________(tend) to lean towards whatever they are interested in.[人教选择性必修第一册] ③新体育场建成后，学生们倾向于参加更多的运动。 _____________________________________________________________________ to buy tendency After the new gymnasium was built，the students tended to take more exercise. (1)tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事 tend (to) sb./sth.照看某人/某物 (2)tendency n．趋势；偏好 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向 4.replace vt.接替；取代，代替(take the place of)；更换；把……放回原处(put sth.back in the right place) ①It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced __________a modern hotel or not. ②It is generally believed that teachers will never _____________ (replace)by computers in class. ③John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him. →John is ill and I want to know who is going to_______________ ________________________． with/by be replaced take the place of him/take his place (1)replace sth.with/by sth.用某物替换某物 5.assist vt.帮助，援助(help，aid)；促进(promote)；协助(act as an assistant in a supportive function) ①In China, volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection, disability ____________(assist)and many other fields.[外研必修第三册] ②We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us _____the group's work. assistance with ③我希望你能帮助我们班的学生更多地了解英国和西方文化，这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。(求助信) ___________________________________________________________________________________，which can increase our understanding and help build good relationships between us. I hope you can assist the students in our class to learn more about England and western culture assist sb.with/in sth.帮助某人某事 (2)assistance n．帮助；协助 come to one's assistance援助某人 (3)assistant n．助手；助理　 6.harm n．伤害，损害(damage or wrong)vt.损害(hurt)，危害 ①There is no harm _____giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards. ②(2023·全国乙卷)There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing ___________(harm) gases，such as carbon dioxide. ③沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。 Being addicted to online games ______________________our physical and mental health. in harmful is harmful to/does harm to (1)do/cause harm to对……造成伤害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处 (2)harmful adj.有害的，造成伤害的 be harmful to...对……有害 (3)harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的 7.in memory of作为对……的纪念 ①We held a series of celebrations ______________(纪念) the doctors who gave their lives to the country. ②Hearing about his idea，some were __________(赞成) his suggestion，but some others were strongly against it. ③就饮茶而言，中国有很长的历史。(传统文化) _____________________________________________ in memory of in favour of In terms of tea-drinking，China has a long history. in honour of为了向……表示敬意；为纪念…… in need of需要 in charge of负责，管理 in search of寻找 in favour of赞同，支持 in terms of就……而言 in view of鉴于，由于 8.“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级意义 [教材原句]　To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry，or tired？对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝这种信任，说我又冷又饿又累呢？ ①You can never be ______careful while crossing the street. ②Mr.Smith is a great teacher—I really couldn't find a _____(good) teacher. ③Tom is taller than any other student in our class. →Tom is taller than ________________________in our class.(all) →Tom is taller than __________________________in our class.(any) →Tom is taller than __________________in our class.(the rest of) too better all the other students any of the other students the rest of students ④就我个人而言，在我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。(健康生活), _________________________________________________________________________________ As far as I'm concerned，nothing is more important than health in our daily life. (1)“否定词＋比较级”结构表示“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 9.“主语(表示事物)＋see/witness/...＋宾语”结构 [教材原句]　The new People's Republic of China saw Dr.Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了关键作用。 ①众所周知，近年来中国发生了巨大的变化，特别是在北京、天津和上海。 As we know，______________________________________________ __________________，particularly in Beijing，Tianjin and Shanghai. ②这座古庙见证了过去200年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。 The old temple____________________________________________ in the past two hundred years. recent years have witnessed/seen great changes taking place in China has seen/witnessed great changes of the village (1)see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 (2)与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的修辞手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．Most people in this kind of job tend ________(work) longer hours than others. 2．I was appointed _________(take)charge of arranging all the activities on that day. 3．John got seriously injured in the match yesterday，and therefore he ____________(replace) by another player. to work to take was replaced 4．ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which _________ (operate) the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. 5．Mary was chosen as an ____________(assist) to help Mr.Brown finish his research. 6．The museum was built in the famous scientist's hometown in honour _______him. operates assistant of 7．What I have found helpful is for me to be mentally prepared to face ___________(reject). 8．My mother would rather I _________(focus)more attention on my study. rejection focused 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. _____________________ 2．(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire，loneliness, and aging. ____________ 3．I've heard whispers that he's leaving office next month. __________________ adj.全面的，整体的 adj.深刻的 n.传言；谣传 维度3　一句多译/句式升级 1．众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。 ①As we know，watching violence on TV really ____________． (harm vt.) ②As we know，watching violence on TV really _______________________________________．(harm n．) ③As we know，watching violence on TV ______________________． (harmful) harms children does harm to children/does children harm is really harmful to children 2．她没有回答我的问题，这使我非常生气。 ①She ___________________________，which made me very angry.(response) ②She ________________________________，which made me very angry.(respond) made no response to my question didn't respond to my question 3．It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on how you should be a guest in a Chinese family properly. →It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on ________________in a Chinese family properly.(疑问词＋不定式) 4．If time permits，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship. →___________________，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(独立主格结构) how to be a guest Time permitting 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　单元话题写作 邱老师是你喜欢的老师之一，他身上良好的品行深深地影响着你。 根据以上信息及提示补全下面文章。 One of my favourite teachers is Mr. Qiu, who is so kind and ① _________(energy). The past three years ②_____________________ _________________ (见证了他为我们的付出；拟人的修辞手法). He often tells us that kindness is the most precious for a person (用“否定词＋形容词比较级”升级黑体部分：③_____________________ _____________________). We can't agree with him more. He is always the first ④ ___________________________________(帮助我们解决困难), for which we all admire him a lot. Not only is he ready to help energetic have seen/witnessed what he has done for us nothing is more precious than kindness for a person to assist us to settle/in settling our troubles others, but he even devotes a lot of (用本单元词汇替换黑体词： ⑤_____________) his spare time to his work. He has tried his best to ⑥ _________________(帮助我们渡过难关) whenever we are in need. Without his ⑦ ___________(assist), we couldn't have done so well. a great deal of carry us through assistance 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情感描写 passive adj.被动的；顺从的 despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉 scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 in tears流着泪；含着泪 动作描写 faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 replace vt.接替；取代；更换 assist vt.帮助；援助 tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关 trip over被……绊倒 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。 苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。她永久失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨和自怜的世界中。她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，并决定帮助她重获力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。苏珊的焦虑逐渐被信心代替了。她柔声低语道：“马克，谢谢你。正是你帮我渡过了难关。” Susan was caught in a car accident and ________．She was blind forever，throwing her into _____________________________________ _______．All day long she frowned，grieved and was_____________，feeling as if a knife were piercing her heart.Her husband，Mark，______ ___________________and______________________________________ ___________and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually，______ _____________________________．She _______________，“Mark，thank you.It is you _______________________________________．” fainted a world of anger，despair，complaint and self-pity bathed in tears tended (to) her with great care determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence Susan's tension was replaced by confidence whispered gently that/who carry me through the tough situation [名篇品读] “Does Number Two like the idea？” asks someone else. “No，he doesn't！” puts in another.“He says he doesn't want any part of that mill! He's lost his heart to the girl at the ferry.” “Is he fool enough to choose a ferry instead of a mill？” “Who knows? To him，a ferry-boat's better than a mill.” These women keep their eyes on the race so that no one notices Cuicui just behind them.The girl walks on，her cheeks burning，only to hear more comments on the same theme. —The Border Town “老二同意这个观点吗？”一个人问道。 “不，他不！”另一个说。“他说他一丁点儿也不想要那个磨坊！他爱上了渡口的那个女孩。” “他会傻到选择渡轮而不是磨坊吗？” “谁知道呢？对他来说，渡船(女孩)比磨坊(女孩)好。” 这些妇女一直关注着比赛，所以没有人注意到她们身后的翠翠。翠翠继续走着，脸颊发烫，结果听到的是更多关于这个话题的评论。 ——《边城》 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·广东汕头模拟)One major issue in contemporary medical science is the use of humans in clinical trials of medical products.These trials occur frequently to determine the best way to manage diseases. People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time.For example, up to a quarter of patients in some fields like breast cancer may be engaged.Other projects, one of which is to determine whether new scanning techniques can detect Alzheimer's disease, are under way.They may be given the drug or a placebo (安慰剂), or the best existing treatment, and results compared.The trials may be “blind” with the patient not knowing which group they are in or they may be a “double-blind” with the doctors not knowing either. Actually, so many people offer themselves willingly.Patients take the views that at least they will get special attention from the doctor if they participate and they may get access to new drugs before they become available in chemists' shops.In some countries, people are paid to participate, especially in poorer countries where they may be told little of what is actually happening. Yet there are significant risks too.One US study estimated that one in 30 people suffered side effects from such trials, and one in 10, 000 dies.Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place.For example, in 2004, a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased. People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits.Even if the individual has adverse outcomes and their condition worsens, that is valuable information for the drug company.While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了当代医学科学的一个主要问题是在医疗产品的临床试验中使用人体，并且主要介绍了医学试验的程序、意义和风险。 2 3 1 4 1．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The purposes of the medical trials. B．The procedure of the medical trials. C．The groups of the medical trials. D．The result of the medical trials. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time.”以及下文的例子可知，第二段主要讲述医学试验的程序。 2 3 1 4 2．Why does the author mention the example in the fourth paragraph? A．To tell us a lot of patients die from the medical trials. B．To show the risk of heart attack and stroke has increased. C．To introduce the risks of the medical trials are not so great. D．To explain the risks of some drugs appear when they are sold. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第四段“Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place.For example, in 2004, a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased.”可知，作者在第四段提到这个例子是在解释一些药物在出售时出现的风险。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “adverse” in the last paragraph mean? A．Negative.　　　　　 B．Effective. C．Subjective. D．Impressive. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits.”可推测出，下文意思是“即使患者有不良后果，病情恶化，这对制药公司来说也是有价值的信息。”由此可猜测，画线词词义为“负面的”。 2 3 1 4 4．What would the author most probably discuss next? A．How the government prevents clinical trials. B．How the government gathers the information. C．How the medical committees pay for the hospital trials. D．How the medical committees solve the problem. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue.(虽然通常由制药公司支付医院试验费用，但政府已经成立了医疗委员会来处理这一问题)”可推断出，下文最有可能讨论医疗委员会如何解决这个问题。 B (2023·重庆市调研)The scars (伤疤) that Pat Pribble carried through life were formed nearly 50 years ago，caused by fellow students，who picked on him because he was different. Pat's parents had held him back in the fourth grade，so he ended up in the same class as his younger brother，Leo.Always the oldest kid in the class，Pat tried to fit in.But he was always just not good enough for this; just not smart enough for that.Pat Pribble was a target.Now 65，he lives in a studio apartment with his dog，getting by on Social Security.From a distance，with his long gray hair and beard，Pat appears tough，the kind of man you might cross the street to avoid. Last November，as Carey，one of the classmates，planned for the 45th reunion, he decided to personally invite Pat，who had never been there before.“Even after all these years，”Carey says，“the mind remembers a voice.It was Pat.”With a bit of research，he called Pat and learned that Pat had been putting money aside each week to buy a bus ticket to visit Leo since he had terminal brain cancer with only months to live. “Never underestimate people，”said Leo in his last moment of life.“We're all different now than when we were kids.”His former classmates have kept their promise that after he was gone they wouldn't lose track of Pat.And they just did.Every week，one or more of them call Pat to see how he's doing and even send him some “walking around money”． Healing wounds from the past has allowed Pat to look to the future.“I'll be at the next reunion，”he says.“These guys...”He pauses，stifling (忍住) tears.“Let's just say that everyone needs people like these guys in their lives.” 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了Pat Pribble在上学时受到同学们的欺负，这些欺负给他留下了伤疤，并且这些伤疤跟随了他一生。作为同学之一的Carey决定亲自邀请以前从未参加过聚会的Pat参加第五届同学聚会，从此以后，同学们关注并帮助Pat，逐渐使他从过去的阴影中走出来。 5 6 7 8 5．What do we know about Pat Pribble from the first two paragraphs? A．A man who wore scars both mentally and physically. B．A boy who was unique and welcomed in school. C．A person who had no awareness of cleanness. D．A student who felt lower and unconfident. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。明题意：本题问“从前两段中我们对Pat Pribble有什么了解？”→寻线索：根据第一段中的“who picked on him because he was different”可知，由于他跟别人不一样，同学们便欺负他；根据第二段中的“Always the oldest...just not smart enough for that.”可知，他总是班里年龄最大的一个，他尽量适应，但他总是在这方面做得不够好，在另一方面还不够聪明→定答案：Pat Pribble会感觉低人一等，不自信。 5 6 7 8 6．Why did Carey intend to invite Pat to the 45th reunion? A．To show off his present happy life. B．To let more people participate in the reunion. C．To relieve his guilt towards Pat in schooldays. D．To call on his classmates to donate money to Pat. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘Even after all...It was Pat.’”并结合第一段中的picked on him可推知，Carey之所以亲自邀请Pat Pribble参加第45届同学聚会，是因为他感觉在学生时代对不起Pat Pribble，即为了减轻在学生时代欺负Pat的内疚感。 5 6 7 8 7．What message does the story seem to convey? A．Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder. B．Life is a process of personal growth. C．Never judge a person by his appearance. D．Scars can eventually be cured completely. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。明题意：本题问“这个故事似乎传达了什么信息？”→寻线索：根据倒数第二段中的“‘Never underestimate people，’．..‘We're all different now than when we were kids.’”可知，永远不要低估别人，我们现在和小时候都不一样了→定答案：这篇文章在传达这样一个信息：生活是个人成长的过程。 5 6 7 8 8．Which of the following can be the best title for this text? A．With Open Arms，at Last B．In Different Ways，in Fact C．Being Unforgettable，School Life D．Looking to the Future，These Guys 答案：A 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了Pat Pribble因为与他人不一样而受到同学们的欺负，作为同学之一的Carey决定亲自邀请以前从未参加过聚会的Pat参加第45届同学聚会，从此以后，同学们关注并帮助Pat，逐渐使他从过去的阴影中走出来，A项中的“Open Arms”代表曾经欺负Pat的同学现在对他张开双臂表示欢迎，“at Last”代表时间上的跨度，从学生时代的受欺负到现在晚年受到欢迎，Pat终于迎来了这一刻。故A项“终于张开双臂”作本文的标题最为贴切。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 【语篇解读】　作为非人类家庭成员，宠物会在超出你所知道的更多方面帮助你。 (2023·湖北黄冈质检)Whether they are furry，feathered or scaly (有鳞屑的)，the non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you know. 1 ． 1 2 3 4 5 A．They also improve your mental health B．They contribute a lot to our strong body C．With the considerate care from the owners D．Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you E．With their regular need for feeding，walks and play F．They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to G．But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for walks 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 分析语境寻线索：根据空前内容可知，这些非人类家庭成员会在超出你所知道的更多方面帮助你；结合后面几段的首句可知，该空在文中起着承上启下的作用→对比选项定答案：D项“这里有一些你的宠物朋友给你带来好处的方式”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 They keep you active.If you have a dog，the chances are that you're walking it at least 30 minutes a day，and likely more—an activity that goes a long way towards keeping you fit. They boost your immune system.Growing up indoors in disinfected spaces later causes our bodies to overreact to harmless substances，making us more likely to be allergic.As is often the case，pets have muddy paws，abundant fur and affection for licking (舔) us. 2 ． 1 2 3 4 5 A．They also improve your mental health B．They contribute a lot to our strong body C．With the considerate care from the owners D．Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you E．With their regular need for feeding，walks and play F．They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to G．But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for walks 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 分析语境寻线索：该段讲述宠物能增强你的免疫系统，根据空前的“pets have muddy paws，abundant fur and affection for licking us”可知，该空应描述这种状况对我们免疫系统的好处→对比选项定答案：F项“它们引入了我们身体所能适应的更多细菌种类”，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 They lower your risk of a fatal heart attack.Researchers found that cat owners had a 30 percent lower risk of dying of a heart attack. 3 ．The researchers assumed—and most cat owners would agree—that cats' unbothered nature has a calming effect.Spending time with any pet lowers stress，an important contributor to heart disease. 1 2 3 4 5 A．They also improve your mental health B．They contribute a lot to our strong body C．With the considerate care from the owners D．Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you E．With their regular need for feeding，walks and play F．They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to G．But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for walks 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 该空后面的“unbothered nature has a calming effect”是解题的关键，指的是猫高冷的天性有冷静作用，由此可推出，空处会说你可能想知道在不遛猫的情况下猫主人死于心脏病的风险低30%是怎么发生的，故选G。G项中的it指代上文的“cat owners...heart attack”。 1 2 3 4 5 They help you manage a chronic disease. 4 ，animals always keep their owners busy and that can be a good thing for chronic disease sufferers of all types.When distracted from the pain，they will perceive less pain，and therefore they are in less pain. 1 2 3 4 5 A．They also improve your mental health B．They contribute a lot to our strong body C．With the considerate care from the owners D．Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you E．With their regular need for feeding，walks and play F．They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to G．But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for walks 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据该空后面的内容“animals always keep their owners busy”可知，该空应描述使主人们忙碌的原因，故选E，此处表示由于宠物们需要规律的喂食、散步和玩耍，它们总是让主人们很忙。 1 2 3 4 5 5 ．Studies have shown that pet ownership is beneficial for people with depression，anxiety，PTSD and other long-term mental health conditions.Pet owners themselves report that their animal pals benefit them mentally a lot，like providing emotional support and helping them form social bonds. 1 2 3 4 5 A．They also improve your mental health B．They contribute a lot to our strong body C．With the considerate care from the owners D．Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you E．With their regular need for feeding，walks and play F．They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to G．But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for walks 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 该空位于段首，应为段落主旨句；又根据该段后面的内容“Studies have shown that...other long-term mental health conditions.”可知，该空应描述宠物帮助改善人们的心理健康状况。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　中国传统的装饰图案表达了美好的愿望，具有极高的价值。壮族艺术设计师黄清穗致力于保护这些美丽的装饰图案，并创造了行之有效的保护方法。 (2023·山东济南统考)Almost everything inspired the ancestors of Chinese to create diverse decorative patterns on objects ranging from daily life needs to pure artworks.They carried good and lucky 1. (mean) and were possessed of high value，driving numerous people to protect them. 1．考查词性转换。空处作carried的宾语，且其前有形容词修饰，故此处应用名词形式；又因空前无限定词修饰，再结合语境可知，此处表示不止一种含义。 答案：meanings However，the huge number of these decorations increases the difficulty of conservation efforts.Fortunately，many Chinese artists have been considering various ways to pass down this culture 2. the next generation.Huang Qingsui, 3. Zhuang ethnic art designer，numbers among these artists.He started collecting decorative patterns from rural areas and recorded them in an online database in 2013 that now 4. (contain) more than 20，000 traditional decorations. 2．考查介词。pass down sth.to sb.“将某物传承给某人”，为固定搭配。 答案：to 3．考查冠词。该处泛指“一位壮族艺术设计师”，故用不定冠词，且Zhuang的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 答案：a 4．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处that引导定语从句，that指代上文的an online database，表示单数概念，故从句的谓语动词用单数形式；该句陈述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时。 答案：contains Managing the database consists of three steps.The first is collecting these traditional patterns through various channels，including investigating and visiting places where these decorations may have been passed down or 5. (contact) museums and experts.After tracking down a decorative pattern，Huang and his team take photos and 6. (digital) reproduce the patterns on computers.During the process，they often need to restore damaged patterns，especially 7. it comes to decorative patterns on clothing because they tend to be faded or misshapen.The last step involves collecting the data and checking and correcting any mistakes 8. may have occurred during the earlier steps. 5．考查非谓语动词。根据句中的or以及investigating and visiting可知，空处作介词including的宾语，应与investigating和visiting的形式保持一致，故填contacting。句意：首先是通过多种渠道收集这些传统图案，包括调查并参观这些装饰图案可能被传承的地方，或联系博物馆和专家。 答案：contacting 6．考查词性转换。空处修饰动词reproduce，故用副词digitally。 答案：digitally 7．考查固定句型。when it comes to...为固定句型，意为“当涉及……时”。 答案：when 8．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词mistakes，先行词由不定代词any修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that。 答案：that The beauty 9. (hold) in traditional patterns has inspired Chinese designers to find 10. (they) own style and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when they design their works. 9．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词。beauty和hold之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。 答案：held 10．考查代词。此处表示所属关系，故用形容词性物主代词。 答案：their $$