必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 必修第一册 (主题语境：人与社会——世界上的语言) 【话题词汇】 【话题佳句】 1．Language is a tool given to human beings to express ideas.语言是赐予人类表达思想的工具。 2．When speaking a foreign language，don't be afraid of making errors.说外语时，不要害怕犯错误。 3．The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible.学习一门语言最好的方法就是要尽可能多地练习说它。 4．Relax，be patient and enjoy yourself！Learning a foreign language should be great fun.放松点，有耐心并让自己快乐！学习一门外语应该乐趣无穷。 5．Learning new languages gives you access to many different cultures across the world.学习新语言让你有机会接触到世界上许多不同的文化。 6．By learning another language we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.通过学习另外一门语言，我们能够开阔自己的视野，增加我们在各领域的知识。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆单词 五级词汇 attitude n．[C]&[U]态度，看法；姿势(～to/towards) base vt.以……为基础；以……为据点n.[C]基部；基础；底部；基地；根据(adj. basic) 　base on/upon以……为基础；以……为根据 based adj.以(某事)为基础的(构成复合词)；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 major adj.主要的，重要的；大的n.[C]主修课程，主修学生vi.主修，专门研究 refer vi. & vt.提到；查阅；参考；查询；叫……求助于(n. reference) 　refer to指的是；提到；查阅 system n．[C]体系，制度；系统 四级词汇 apartment n．[C](NAmE)公寓套房；(BrE flat)公寓大楼 appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会(n. appreciation)vi.增值 beg vt.恳求，祈求；哀求(n. beggar) character n．[C]符号，文字；[常用单数]性格；品质；[U]特点；(道德)品质；角色 　Chinese characters汉字 classic adj.[常用于名词前]传统的；典型的；最优秀的n.[C]经典作品，名著 demand n．[C]要求；[C]&[U]需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问 　demand to do sth.要求做某事 　demand＋that...(should) do sth.要求……做某事 description n．[C]&[U]描写(文字)，描述；形容，叙述(v. describe) despite prep.即使，尽管，任凭(in spite of) equal n．[C]同等的人；相等物adj.相同的，同样的；平等的(～to) factor n．[C]因素，要素 global adj.[通常只用于名词前]全球的，全世界的；全面的，整体的 means n．[单复数同形]手段，方法；方式；途径 　by means of借助，依靠 native adj.[只用于名词前]出生地的；本国的，本地的；土著的n.[C]本地人 regard n．[U][正式用语]尊重；[正式用语]关注vt.[不用于进行时]把……视为，看待 relate vt. & vi.(使)互有关联(related, relation, relative, relationship)vt.[正式用语]叙述，讲述；联系vi.理解，认同 　relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到 specific adj.[常用于名词前]明确的；特定的；具体的(adv. specifically) struggle n．[C]难事；斗争；奋斗vi.(与某人)搏斗；斗争；奋斗 　struggle to do sth.努力去做某事 symbol n．[C]符号；象征，标志(v. symbolise) variety n．[C](植物、语言等的)变体；异体；[U]多样化，变化(vary，varied，various) 　a variety of各种各样的 三级词汇 affair n．[C][用复数]公共事务，关系；[常用单数]事件，事情 　global affairs全球事务 gap n．[C]差距；开口；间隔；分歧 　bridge/narrow the gap消除/缩小差距 二级词汇 carve vt. & vi.雕刻 vocabulary n．[C]&[U]词汇；[C]词汇表 一级词汇 calligraphy n．[U]书法；书法艺术 dynasty n．[C]王朝，朝代 semester n．[C](AmE)学期 ◆短语 date back (to)追溯(到) point of view观点，看法 ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 aside from除……之外 ancient civilisation古代文明 double in size两倍大小 be of great importance非常重要 mother tongue母语 必背句式 no matter (where, who, what, etc.)不论……；不管…… The more..., the more...越……，越…… I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激 have trouble with...在……方面有困难 play a(n)...role in在……中起……作用 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.核心词块 1．around 2.8 _________people约28亿人 2．your _________ land/country/city 你的故乡/祖国/故里 3．my _________ toward medical practice我对医务工作的看法 4．the educational _________ 教育制度 billion native attitude system 5． _________ her earnest efforts 尽管她已尽心竭力 6．the key/crucial/deciding _________ 关键的/至关重要的/决定性的因素 7．a _________ of purity 纯洁的象征 8．be recognised as a _________ 一部公认的经典著作 9．have a strong/weak _________ 个性强/不强 despite factor symbol classic character 10．world/international business _________ 世界/国际商业事务 11． __________ China's culture and history欣赏中国的文化和历史 12．the _________ needs of members会员的特别需要 13．a country ____________ for independence 为独立而奋斗的国家 14． _____ him for help向他求救 15．a _________ for higher pay 增加工资的要求 affairs appreciate specific struggling beg demand Ⅱ.变形词汇 1． _____ vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→ _________ n．参考；参照；提及；指称关系 2．______ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→_____ adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→_________ adj.基本的，基础的 3．_______ n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→ ________ adj.不同的；各种各样的→ _________vt.& vi.改变；变化 refer reference base based basic variety various vary 4．_________ adj.全球的；全世界的→ _________ n．球体；地球仪；地球 5．_________ adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→_________n．大多数；大半 6．____________ vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→ _____________ n．欣赏；感激；感谢 global globe major majority appreciate appreciation 7．______ n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→ _________ n．平等；相等→_________ adv.同样地；相等地；平等地 8．________ vt.描述→_______________ n．描写(文字)；形容 equal equality equally describe description Ⅲ.拓展词汇 1．有关“语言”的词汇荟萃 ①dialogue 对话 ②vocabulary 词汇 ③pronunciation and intonation语音和语调 ④stress 重音 ⑤linguist 语言学家 ⑥language situation语境 2．以“-ence”结尾的名词 ①absence 缺席 ②adolescence 青春期 ③competence 能力；技能 ④confidence 信心 ⑤dependence 依靠 ⑥emergence 出现；显现 ⑦innocence 天真；无罪 ⑧insistence 坚持；坚决要求 ⑨independence独立；自立 ⑩persistence坚持；维持 Ⅳ.重点短语 1．__________ a dictionary查字典 2．full of _____________充满曲折 3．be _________ a real story基于一个真实的故事 4．____________ the 18th century追溯到18世纪 5．_________ English 主修英语 refer to ups and downs based on date back to major in 6．________________ happens不论发生什么 7．______________ specific techniques依靠特定的技术 8．from the______________ of results 从结果来看 9．______________ this work能胜任这个工作 10．be ______________ confidence与自信有关 no matter what by means of point of view be equal to related to Ⅴ.课文佳句 1．There are many reasons _______________________，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.(定语从句) 这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国的书写体系。 why this has been possible 2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as ___________________________________geographically, ________ _________________________________________．(It was a time when...“这/那是一个……的时期”；现在分词短语作结果状语) 多年以来，这种(书写)体系发展成不同的形式，因为在那段时间人们在地理上是分开的，这造就了方言和文字的多样化。 it was a time when people were divided leading to many varieties of dialects and characters 3．I used to get high marks in English，but now I'm________________ ___________________________．(have a lot of trouble with在……上有很多麻烦) 过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。 4．That writing system_______________________________________ __________________．(be of＋抽象名词) 这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。 having a lot of trouble with my listening was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture 5．_________________a language,___________________________ ． (the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..) 我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越发达。 The more I learnt of the more my brain would grow 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a________ (globe) reduction in error. 2．Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid_________ (describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 3．To be frank，studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.You'd better learn some _______ (base) Chinese before you come. global description basic 4．What's particularly interesting is the attitude that __________ (variety) cities have toward Dubanchet's cause. 5．He created many unforgettable __________ (character) in his novels. various characters Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．It was foolish of you ____________________(查阅你的笔记) in such an important test.As a result，you got punished. 2．To write a good news report，you have to make sure_______________ _____________________(你的信息与某件事情有关) that has recently happened. 3．______________________________ (我们的生活总有起起落落)and we need someone to ride with us. to refer to your notes your information relates to something Our life has its ups and downs 4．In my hometown，about 1，500 meters east of my house，stands an old temple ___________________________(追溯到17世纪). 5．As ______________________________________(中国在国际事务中扮演着重要角色)，it is important for us to have a good knowledge of Chinese. dating back to the 17th century China plays an important role in global affairs Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．希望这些建议对你有很大的帮助。(be of＋n.) Hopefully，these suggestions would _______________to you. 2．每当我不开心的时候，都是我的朋友让我振作起来。 ___________________________________，it is my friends who cheer me up. be of great help Whenever/No matter when I'm unhappy 3．(2022·全国甲卷)参与进来的人越多，海洋的环境就越好。 The more people are involved，______________________________． the better the ocean environment is 核心考点 互动探究 1.base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部(bottom，the part that sth.stands on)；根据 ①__________ (base)an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later. ②The restaurant is based on trust，and it is working all right. →________________，the restaurant is working all right.(分词短语作状语) Basing Based on trust ③常言道，“独木不成林”。我们的成功建立在与他人合作的基础上。(主旨升华) __________________________________________________________________________________________ Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn't make a forest.”Our success is based on/upon cooperating with others. (1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上 (2)based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征的) be based on sth.以某事为基础(或根据) (3)basic adj.基本的；基础的 (4)basis n．基础；原因 on a daily/regular basis每天/定期 2.variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体，异体(a particular type different from others in a group to which it belongs)；多样化 ①One of the advantages is that we can find ________(variety) topics，such as science，culture and history. ②There are _____________(variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn't include English words. various varieties ③Our school has built a new stadium.It has a variety of well-equipped facilities. →Our school has built a new stadium，_______________________ ______________．(定语从句；varieties) ④研究小组由10到15岁的学生组成。(定语从句) ______________________________________________________________ which has varieties of well- equipped facilities The research team is made up of the pupils，whose ages vary from 10 to 15. (1)a variety of/varieties of 种类繁多的；各种各样的 (2)various adj.不同的；各种各样的 (3)vary v．改变；变化；不同 vary from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 [实战贴士]　a variety of/varieties of既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3.major adj.主要的；重要的(反：minor)；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究 ①I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major __the gardening after attending college. ②The majority of the land ____________________(destroy) by the flood so far. in has been destroyed ③Some of the plays told sad stories，but the majority of the plays _____(be) really funny. ④当我有不同的意见时，我可能选择放弃并尊重大多数人的意见。(议论文) _____________________________________________________________________________________ were When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority. (1)major in主修…… (2)majority n．大多数；大半 a/the majority of...大多数…… in the/a majority占多数 (3)minority n．少数 in the/a minority占少数 4.means n．方式，方法(approach, method, way)；途径 ①Every possible means ____________(use) to solve this problem so far. ②You'd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also ____________________________________(展示你良好餐桌礼仪的一种方式). ③The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought. →________________________ as simple as we first thought.(倒装句) has been used a means of showing your good table manners By no means is the problem (1)a means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径 (2)by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法 by all means无论如何；当然可以(口语) by no means决不；无论如何都不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装) [实战贴士]　当means表示“方法，方式”时，单复数同形。当means作主语，有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few，all等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。 5.appreciate vt.欣赏(understand and enjoy)；重视；感激(be grateful for sth.)；领会(realize) vi.增值 ①We'd appreciate your _______(leave)as fast as possible. ②I really appreciate ____if you could give me an opportunity to show my talent. ③Darkness would make each human being more _____________ (appreciate) of sight.[外研选择性必修第一册] leaving it appreciative ④由于这些问题，我们希望在您方便的时候得到您的帮助。如果您愿意帮助我们，我们将非常感激。(求助信) Due to these problems，we hope to get your help at your convenience. ____________________________________________________ ． We would truly appreciate it if you are willing to give us a hand (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 欣赏/感激…… I would appreciate it if...假如……我将不胜感激 (2)appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢 appreciative adj.感激的；赏识的 [实战贴士]　appreciate后要用动名词作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等后接从句时，一般先加it，再接从句。 6.struggle n．& vi.斗争(fight)；奋斗(make great efforts)；搏斗 ①In order to live a better life, we have to struggle ______________all kinds of difficulties. ②From now on，you should prepare yourself for your future and struggle _____your dream. ③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old，but she never gave up and struggled ___________(lead) an active life. against/with for to lead ④Mary had struggled for months to find a job，and finally took a position at a local advertising agency. →________________________________________，Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(分词短语作状语) ⑤他挣扎着从地上站起来，扶着墙往前，踉跄地出了房间。(读后续写之动作链描写) _______________________________________, supported himself along the wall and stumbled out of the house. Having struggled for months to find a job He struggled to his feet from ground struggle for...为……而奋斗；努力争取…… struggle with/against...与……做斗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来 7.equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的，同样的(with no difference in status or rank) vt.比得上；敌得过 ①No one equals him ____courage，about which every one knows. ②尽管约翰很年轻，但他却能胜任这项重要的工作。 a．Young as he was，John _____________the important task.(equal) b．Although he was young，John _________the important task.(fit) c．Young as he was，John ________________the important task.(qualified) in was equal to was fit for was qualified for (1)be equal to sth./doing sth.＝be fit for sth.＝be qualified for sth.胜任(做)某事 equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过/敌得过某人/物 without equal＝have no equal无与伦比 (2)equality n．平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地 8.demand n．要求；需求(a very firm request) vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 ①My father came over and demanded __________(know) what was going on. ②We hope our products could meet all the ______________(demand) of our customers. to know demands ③What I want to stress is that some new members ___________(需要) in our group. ④The teacher demanded to be given my parents' telephone number. →The teacher demanded that he__________________ my parents' telephone number. are in demand (should) be given (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands for...满足某人对……的需求 (2)demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...(should)do sth.要求……做某事 9.refer to指的是；描述(describe)；提到(mention)；查阅(consult) ①As soon as I received the next assignment, I headed straight for the library to find the _______________(refer) books I needed for my research.[译林选择性必修第四册] ②People who work in offices ____________________(通常被称为) “white-collar workers”． reference are usually referred to as 写出下列句中refer to的含义 ③I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man._________ ④She referred to the last page of the book for answers._______ ⑤These books refer to Asian problems.______ ⑥Jim insisted that the book Mr.Black referred to was worth reading. ________ 指的是 查阅 描述 提到 (1)refer (referred；referred；referring) vi.提到；参考；提交；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于 refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……提交给…… (2)reference n．提及；涉及；参考；参考书目；指称关系 in/with reference to关于 reference books/material参考书/参考资料 [实战贴士]　refer to表示“查阅”时，后接词典、参考书等；look up表示“查阅”时，后接要查阅的具体内容。 Don't always refer to the dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary.当遇到生词时你不要总是查词典。只有当一个单词非常重要时，你才可以在词典中查阅。 10.date back (to...)追溯到(无被动形式，常用一般现在时) ①My interest in stamp collecting_______ (date) back to my schooldays. ②___________ (date) from 1933，the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. ③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up ___date with modern technology. ④Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history _________(date) back to more than 1，000 years ago. dates Dating to dating date from追溯到；始于；起源于 out of date过时的 up to date (with...)赶上(……的)潮流 11.“be of＋名词”结构 [教材原句]　That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。 ①His opinion is considered to be very valuable. →His opinion is considered to be ___________________． ②A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development. →A harmonious family ______________a child's personal development. of great value is beneficial to ③展望未来，他明白考上一所名校对他来说意义重大。(significance)(读后续写之未来前程) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Looking ahead，he knows it is of great significance for him to enter a famous university. “be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词可用great，little，some，any，no，not，much等修饰，用以说明程度。 12.the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..“越……就越……” [教材原句]　It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越发达。 ①The more you practise，the better you ________(speak) English. ②The more difficult the questions are，________________ (越小的可能性) he is to answer them. ③你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。 _________________________________________________________________________ will speak the less likely The more you know about our traditional culture，the more you will be interested in it. “the＋比较级...the＋比较级...”结构用法如下： (1)其主句、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 (2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。 (3)本结构可以用省略形式。 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it ________(base) on trust and existing relationships. 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)However，most people don't regard pronunciation ____ a very important part of communication skills. is based as 3．As a matter of fact，he inspired me _____________(major) in English in college，to be a bridge between China and the world. 4．I'm writing to express my _______________(appreciate) for what you have done for me during my stay in London. 5．__________________ (struggle) for many years，he was finally admitted to a key university. to major appreciation Having struggled 6．Your personal circumstances are __________(equal) important.For example，you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 7．Determining where we are in ________(relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 8．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ___________(refer). equally relation reference 9．Usually，grandpa or grandma will try to give their grandsons or granddaughters ____________(what) they could afford. 10．The harder you work，the _________(great) progress you will make. whatever greater 维度2　熟词生义 1．Last year，I started dating，but with reservations. _______ 2．(2023·全国乙卷)“I'm going to inspire so many people，”she said.“I'm ready to shine.”And shine she did. ___________________ 3．She regarded him curiously for a moment._____________________ v.约会 v.出色，出类拔萃 vt.(尤指以某种方式)注视 维度3　一句多译/句式升级 1．这本词典对中学生很有用。 ①This dictionary________________ middle school students.(of＋n.) ②This dictionary ______________ middle school students.(adj.) is of great use to is very useful to 2．图书管理员要求他把从图书馆借的书还回来。 ①The librarian demanded that _____________________________ he had borrowed from the library. ②The librarian demanded of him ____________________he had borrowed from the library. he (should)return the books to return the books 3．在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。 ①_________________________，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.(point) ②______________________，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.(view/opinion) ③_____________________，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.(concerned) From my point of view In my view/opinion As far as I'm concerned 4．The film is based on a true story，and it is very popular. →_____________________，the film is very popular.(分词短语作状语) 5．According to the expert，the building has a history which dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty. →According to the expert，the building has a history_______________ ______________________．(分词短语作定语) Based on a true story dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　单元话题写作 克利里(Clery)是一名能说流利汉语的俄罗斯人。他擅长书法并喜欢中国经典文学。他的生活态度积极，并为争取国际平等权而努力。 根据以上信息及提示补全下面文章。 As a Russian, Clery can speak standard Chinese, though his native language is Russian. In addition, he has studied Chinese characters and now ①___________________ (擅长书法). He especially enjoys (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：②_________) classic Chinese literature and regards ③__ as his major research subject, so he tries every way (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：④______) to refer to Chinese classics ⑤_____ (base) on ancient Chinese culture. Clery cares ⑥ ________global affairs is good at calligraphy appreciates it means based about and has a positive attitude towards life. In his semester paper, he gives a specific ⑦ _____________(describe) of man's demand and ⑧________ ________________ (为争取平等权利的斗争). description struggles for equal rights 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 情感描写 appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述 beyond description难以描述 动作描写 beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求 regard vt.把……视为；看待 struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 马克(Mac)正沿着山路骑行，这时他看到一只狼张着血盆大口追赶他。他的恐惧无以言表。他乞求路过的司机帮助他，但是徒劳无果。因此，他毫不犹豫地从自行车上下来，抓住自行车，用尽全力把自行车扔向狼，尽力把狼吓走。他正要成为狼的盘中餐时，他的朋友加入了他。当他向朋友描述这件恐怖的事情时，他仍然感到毛骨悚然。 Mac was pedalling along the mountain road when he saw a wolf chasing him，opening its bloody mouth.His fear was ___________ __________．He ____________________________，but in vain.So he got off his bike without hesitation，seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength，_______________________________． He was about to become the food of the wolf when his friends joined him.When ___________________________________，he still felt as if his hair had stood on end. beyond description begged passing drivers to help him struggling to frighten the wolf away he referred the horrible thing to his friends [名篇品读] Secondly，when I came to measure the mark with my own foot，I found my foot not so large by a great deal.Both these things filled my head with new imaginations，and gave me the vapours again to the highest degree，so that I shook with cold like one in an ague；and I went home again，filled with the belief that some man or men had been on shore there；or，in short，that the island was inhabited，and I might be surprised before I was aware；and what course to take for my security I knew not. —Robinson Crusoe 第二，当我用自己的脚测量印迹时，我发现我的脚比印迹小很多。这两件事情让我胡思乱想起来，并使我忧心忡忡，忐忑不安，我吓得浑身颤抖，好像发疟疾一样。我马上跑回家里，深信至少一个人或一些人上过岸。总之，岛上已经有人了，说不定什么时候会对我进行突然袭击，使我措手不及。至于我应采取什么措施进行防卫，却仍毫无头绪。 ——《鲁滨孙漂流记》 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖北宜昌月考)I was not worried about the American education system until after I started writing a column，because that's when I found out there are English teachers who assign my column as reading material.I regularly get e-mails from students asking about my use of writing techniques and other things I've never heard of.And I respond，“Transfer (转学) to high schools immediately！To one that teaches Shakespeare and Homer instead of the thoughtful commentary of the first-rate modern wisdom！” I can expect to be sending more of these e-mails because of the Common Core State Standards (共同核心国家标准)，which public schools are encouraged to follow.The new curriculum standards dramatically shift about half the nation's high school English reading lists toward an emphasis on nonfiction.In a speech last year，David Coleman，the new president of the College Board，who was one of the chief creators of the Common Core State Standards Initiative，said，“It is rare in a working environment that someone says，‘Johnson，I need a market analysis by Friday，but before that I need a vivid account of your childhood.’”I agree with this，but no one has ever asked me for a market analysis. Coleman's idea is that by reading clear，tightly structured nonfiction，kids will learn how to write clear，tightly structured nonfiction.And indeed，the first time I wrote in a new format—a travel essay，a screenplay，an apology e-mail—I read a bunch of examples.But when I want my writing to improve，I read something that forces me to think about words differently：a novel，a poem，a speech.Fiction teaches you how to tell a story，which is how we express and remember nearly everything.Anyway，school isn't merely training for work；it's training for communication throughout our lives. 【语篇解读】　针对美国教育系统问题，作者认为，想要提高写作水平，可以通过阅读各种类型的读物，如小说、诗歌、演讲等，来促使自己用不同的方式思考词汇。高中阅读应该提倡实践而不是虚构的小说，学校的工作更应强调教会学生沟通。 2 3 1 4 1．How did the author feel after his column was used as students' assignment? A．Proud.　　　　　　 B．Satisfied. C．Concerned. D．Disappointed. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was not worried about...reading material.”可知，当自己的专栏作品被用于学生的作业时，作者对此很担心。 2 3 1 4 2．What should high schools do according to David Coleman? A．Stress nonfiction. B．Read more fiction. C．Teach market analysis. D．Encourage writing. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The new curriculum ...emphasis on nonfiction.”可知，新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品。而David Coleman作为新课程标准的其中一个首席创造者，他应该也强调非小说类纪实作品。 2 3 1 4 3．Why does the writer turn to a speech? A．To create words. B．To better his writing. C．To tell a story. D．To follow the format. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据最后段中的“But when I want...a speech.”可知，为了提高写作水平，使自己能用不同的方式思考词汇，作者阅读小说、诗歌并听演讲。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The shift of teaching techniques. B．The trend of reading Shakespeare. C．The effects of the new curriculum standards. D．The problem with American education system. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文第一句“I was not worried...my column as reading material.”是文章主题句。结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者对美国教育系统问题的担心和质疑。新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品，但作者认为学校不应该仅仅教会学生工作，更应该教会学生沟通。 B Allee, who is now associate curator (副馆长) for Chinese painting and calligraphy at the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M．Sackler Gallery in Washington DC, told Xinhua News Agency in a recent interview. “I study the techniques and practice of painting and calligraphy, and I translate the texts that appear on the paintings in our collection，” he said.“This hasn't been just a job for me.It's been a life.Indeed, I live with Chinese language every day, all the time, and it's wonderful.” Allee was born in 1951.He started learning Chinese in 1966, and one year later, he challenged himself to translate Shu Dao Nan, a masterpiece by Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, into English with a dictionary. Allee was among the first group of US students who studied in China from 1979 to 1980.During the journey on the flight headed for China, Allee chose for himself a “very Chinese” name, An Mingyuan.He adopted the family name “An”， which has a good meaning of peace. Allee selected Nanjing University for further study.It was a very different time in China where the trains were slow.But now, it is almost faster to take a train than it is to fly to many places.It's a great improvement.Allee said when he was there in 1979－1980, few Chinese on the street could have conversation in English freely, but now customers in a store who could speak English perfectly are quite common. Allee views the 1979－1980 education exchange programs he was a part of as an extremely positive experience.“All of us benefited from the experience and I believe all my friends and colleagues would agree that the experience changed their lives, led them into new and different directions, and that for most of them those directions were positive，” he continued. “I'm over 70 now.Retirement will come.Perhaps there will be opportunities in China where my knowledge and experience might be useful, and I can spend a couple months, or even longer in the country，” he said. 【语篇解读】　1966年，十五岁的Allee开始学习中文，一年后他借助词典翻译了李白的名诗《蜀道难》。后来他到中国参加交换生项目，与中国文化结缘。 5 6 7 8 5．What did Allee do when he was a teen? A．He studied in Nanjing University. B．He overcame one challenge after another. C．He translated a Chinese poem into English. D．He began to translate texts on Chinese paintings. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，Allee十六岁就借助词典将唐代诗人李白的代表作《蜀道难》翻译成了英文。 5 6 7 8 6．Why did Allee choose “An” when selecting his Chinese family name? A．Because he liked its meaning. B．Because he could pronounce it easily. C．Because it was a famous family name in China. D．Because it sounded similar to his family name in the US. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“He adopted the family name ‘An’， which has a good meaning of peace.”可知，Allee选择“安”作为姓氏是因为“安”有好的寓意。 5 6 7 8 7．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Allee's learning experiences in China. B．Advantages of living in modern China. C．Allee's understanding of Chinese culture. D．Changes that Allee has witnessed in China. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 段落大意题。通读第五段可知，本段主要讲述了Allee目睹了在中国发生的变化。 5 6 7 8 8．What is Allee likely to do after retirement? A．Promote his knowledge in the US. B．Stay in China for some time. C．Go on working with his American friends. D．Attend another education exchange program. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Allee所说的“Perhaps there will be opportunities in China where my knowledge and experience might be useful, and I can spend a couple months, or even longer in the country...”可以推断， Allee退休后有可能会在中国待上一段时间。 Ⅱ.读后续写 (2023·浙江杭州联考)As a college student majoring in engineering，Tom was in bad need of an advanced computer，which would cost him an arm and a leg.Tom chose not to upset his parents with this issue because he didn't want to be dependent on them all the time.After careful consideration，Tom decided that a second-hand computer of high quality would also do and he could afford one with the money he had earned by taking part-time jobs. One Saturday morning，Tom went into a second-hand computer shop.Luckily for him，he came across a computer of the exact model he wanted.Better still，it was nearly brand new and was sold at just a third of its original price.It meant that if Tom bought it，he would still have 300 dollars left.It seemed too good to be true! Out of curiosity，Tom asked the shop owner why the computer was sold at such a low price.“Oh，it's a sad story，” replied the owner，adding that it was from a college student called Steven who was diagnosed with some type of cancer last month and now was badly in need of money for his treatment. Hearing this，Tom felt truly sorry for the young man who was supposed to have a promising future.But at the same time，he also felt lucky to have this ideal computer for his college life.Without hesitation，he paid the shop keeper，took the computer and went back to his dorm (宿舍).He couldn't wait to show his computer to his roommates.Everyone in the dorm thought Tom was lucky to have got the computer. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 But deep in his heart，he knew something was not going right.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With the phone number given by the shop owner，Tom contacted Steven and paid him a visit. ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] But deep in his heart，he knew something was not going right.When he began using the computer to complete his assignment，he just couldn't stay calm and peaceful in mind，even feeling a sense of guilt.Of course he didn't do anything wrong，but an inner voice kept echoing in his mind：“There's something else you can do.” Tom thought it over and an idea sprang to his mind.The next day，he went back to the shop and asked the shop owner how he could get in touch with Steven. With the phone number given by the shop owner，Tom contacted Steven and paid him a visit.Handing over the computer to its original owner，Tom said，“I do believe you will need it after you beat the disease.” Before Steven could say a word，Tom added，“And I also have 300 dollars for you.I can take more odd jobs and will get a new computer before long.” Moved to tears，Steven replied，“Thank you so much，my friend！You can keep the computer until I go back to the campus，by which time I think you will have saved enough for a new computer.” Inner peace came back to Tom when he used the computer again. [点睛]　[高分句型1]When he began using the computer to complete his assignment，he just couldn't stay calm and peaceful in mind，even feeling a sense of guilt.(运用现在分词作状语) [高分句型2]Moved to tears，Steven replied，“Thank you so much，my friend！You can keep the computer until I go back to the campus，by which time I think you will have saved enough for a new computer.”(运用定语从句) $$