话题16 跨文化沟通、包容与合作-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题（一） 社会服务与人际沟通 话题16 跨文化沟通、包容与合作 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础考点探究 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 高考真题精研 Passage 1　 阅读理解(2019·全国Ⅲ卷·B) 　　For Western designers，China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. 　　“It’s no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，”says Amanda Hill，chief creative officer at A＋E Networks，a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows. 　　Earlier this year，the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art，with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.The exhibition had record attendance，showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. 　　“China is impossible to overlook，”says Hill.“Chinese models ⁠ are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to ⁠ women all over the world，which means Chinese women are not ⁠ just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course，not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang，Alexander Wang， Jason Wu are Galliano，Albaz，Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，”adds　Hill. taking on　 __________ 　　For Hill，it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese，so are the models，and so are the consumers，”she says.“China is no longer just another market；in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today，you are talking about China—its influences，its direction，its breathtaking clothes， and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章以国外视角报道了 中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和 设计发展的引领作用。 24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York？ A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors. C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models. 答案：B 推理判断题。由题干中的the exhibition in New York定位到原文第三 段。本段中并没有提到这次展览促进了艺术品的销售，也没有提到 展示了中国古代的服装，故排除A、C两项；由本段中的“The exhibition had record attendance，showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.(此次展览吸引参观者人数创下纪录，显示出人 们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣)”可知，B项表述正确；由本段中的 “...with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.(……旨在探索中国美学对西方时尚的影响，以及几个世纪以来中国是如何激发时尚想象力的)”可知，这次展览的目的不是介绍中国模特儿，故排除D项。 25. What does Hill say about Chinese women？ A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns. C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world. 答案：A 推理判断题。由原文第四段中伊尔说的“...Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.(……中国 女性不仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心)”可以推断 出，她们正在引领潮流，故选A项。 26. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean？ A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against 答案：D 词义猜测题。由画线词后面的“...beating them hands down in design and sales...(在设计和销售方面轻而易举地击败他们)”可知，take on 此处意为“与……较量”，故选D项competing against。learn from 向……学习；look down on轻视，瞧不起；work with与……共事。 27. What can be a suitable title for the text？ A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 答案：D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的第一段就点明了主题：对于西 方设计师来说，长期以来中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创作者的 灵感来源。接下来阿曼达·希尔对中国文化和中国美学对国际时尚 的影响进行了评价，由此可知，中国文化推动了国际时尚潮流，故 D项作为文章的标题最合适。 【词汇识记】 1. secret n.秘密 2. impossible adj.不可能的 3. campaign n.活动；战役 4. direction n.方向 5. fashionable adj.时髦的 6. attendance n.参加；参与 7. overlook v.忽视；俯视 8. contemporary adj.当代的 9. market n.市场 10. breathtaking adj.激动人心的 11. acknowledge v.认可；承认 12. beat sb. hands down很容易击败…… 13. with the aim of doing sth.带着做某事的目的 14. a large number of 大量的；许多的 15. center n.中心→central adj.中心的 16. globe n.地球；地球仪→global adj.全球的 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. ...with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. ⁠ 2. The exhibition had record attendance， showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. ⁠ 3. “Vera Wang， Alexander Wang， Jason Wu are taking on Galliano， Albaz， Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill. ⁠ 刺激；加强　 破纪录的　 接受……的挑战　 【难句分析】 1. “Vera Wang， Alexander Wang， Jason Wu are taking on Galliano， Albaz， Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill. [译文选择] A. 希尔补充说：“王薇薇、王大仁和吴佳森雇用加利亚诺、阿尔 巴兹以及马克·雅可布，他们将在设计和销售方面轻而易举地击败 对手。” B. 希尔补充说：“王薇薇、王大仁和吴佳森正在与加利亚诺、阿 尔巴兹以及马克·雅可布进行较量，前者将在设计和销售方面轻而 易举地击败他们。”(　) B [结构分析] 这是一个简单句。beating前面省略了系动词are，are taking on和are beating them hands down是并列谓语。 2. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world， which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement. [译文选择] A. 中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚活动的代言 人，这意味着中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者——她们是时尚运动的 核心。 B. 中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚活动的美丽面 孔，这意味着中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者——她们是时尚运动的 核心。(　) A [结构分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。句中that sell dreams to women all over the world是that引导的定语从句；which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指 代前面的内容。 Passage 2　 阅读七选五(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过亲身经历，体验 了巴黎人的生活方式，不仅有昂贵的公寓，美味的食物，还有舒缓 的生活节奏和令世人羡慕的35小时周工作制。 　　My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.  　36　 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 答案：F 结合下句“the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment”可知，作者租赁了在六楼的公寓，暗示他们 开始像法国人那样生活，故选F。 The place wasn’t entirely authentic， though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment， the plumbing (水管) worked. 　37　 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said， “Ouverture des portes，” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered， and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 答案：C 结合下句中的even had a tiny lift可知，这里谈的是公寓的设施，厨 房、床、微型电梯等都属于这个范围，故选C。 　　Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight. 　38　 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead，they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 答案：G 结合上文中的 great food 与下文中的“...explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.”可知，这里描述的是食物的美味及带给人的愉 悦，因此G项符合语境要求。  　39　 On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18！ A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 答案：E 上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因，本段继续说另一个原因， 故选项E承上启下。 In France， quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率).You can tell this by café life.French cafés are always crowded. 　40　 When do these people work？ The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 答案：A 结合下句，作者提出“When do these people work？”的疑问，暗 示这里的顾客并不都是游客，很多是法国人，因此A项符合语境。 【词汇识记】 1. fantastically adj.难以置信的，奇特的 2. cupboard n.碗柜，橱柜 3. authentic adj.真实的，真正的 4. female adj.女性的，雌性的 5. master v.掌握 6. note v.[正式用语]指出 7. workweek n.一周的工作时间，工作周 8. gain weight 体重增加 9. a handful of 一把，一捧 10. take sth.seriously 认真对待某事 11. strike a deal with 和……达成协议 12. on call 待命，随叫随到 13. in some way 在某种程度上 14. normal adj.典型的，一般的→abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的 →normally adv.正常地；通常地 15. equal adj.平等的 v.等于，比得上→equally adv.平等地；同样地 →equality n.平等，相等→inequality n.不平等 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. That is the only French phrase I mastered， and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. ⁠ 2. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. ⁠ 令人惋惜的事　 吃，喝　 【难句分析】 1. That is the only French phrase I mastered， and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. [译文选择] A. 那是我掌握的唯一的法语短语，可惜我并不经常使用。 B. 那是我掌握的唯一的法语短语，我不大使用它，这令我感到羞 愧。(　) A [结构分析] I mastered是the only French phrase的定语从句，其前面省略了关系 代词that；it’s a shame中的it是形式主语， I don’t have much use for it 是真正的主语。 2. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. [译文选择] A. 法国草莓尝起来不像硬纸板。相反，它们在你嘴里炸开来，就 像风味小炸弹。 B. 法国草莓吃起来不像硬纸板。相反，它们在你嘴里炸开来，就 像你喜欢的小炸弹。(　) [结构分析] 这是两个简单句。instead是副词，修饰后面的句子，意为“代替； 相反；反而”。 A 3. The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. [译文选择] A. 法国人非常重视每周35小时的工作制，以至于一些工会最近与 一些公司达成协议，限制独立承包商随时待命的时间。 B. 法国人非常重视每周35小时的工作制，最近一些工会促成了一 些公司与独立承包商的一桩买卖，让独立承包商随时待命。 (　) A [结构分析] 本句是一个复合句。主句为“The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously”，后面的so...that...部分是对主句的进一步说 明。so...that...部分中，that引导结果状语从句，从句中limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call作后置定语 修饰名词a deal，说明协议的内容。 Passage 3　 阅读七选五(2022·全国甲卷) 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在不同国 家就餐时需要注意的一些事情，如餐具的使用和如何发出请求等。 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 　36　.Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 答案：D 空前一句讲到了“与文化有关的用餐礼仪中的一些重要规则可能会 让你大为惊讶”，空后一句则讲到了“知道一些窍门儿有助于确保 你用餐愉快”。因此，空处应该是讲不要让人发现你在餐馆犯了一 个令人尴尬的错误，故D项符合语境。 Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites，always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 　37　. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 答案：F 结合常识可以判断，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them”中的三个them指的都是chopsticks，且F 项讲到的是筷子的使用规则，符合本段主题。 Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East，it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 　38　，instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile，you may never touch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 答案：C 结合空前的“In India and the Middle East...in France...hand.”和空后 的“In Chile...in Thailand...their spoons.”可知，空处讲到的应该也 是某个国家的风俗，选项中符合语境的只有C项，且C项与空后的 “instead preferring to use their hands”形成对比，故C项符合语境。 Making Requests  　39　.In Portugal，this would be a serious mistake，because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.Similarly，in Italy，never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 答案：G 结合小标题Making Requests可知，本段主要讲到了在就餐时发出请 求，G项中的a simple request符合语境，且是空后一句中的this指代 的内容，故选G项。 Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries. 　40　，the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 答案：B 根据空后的“the more comfortable...practices”可知，此处考查的是 固定句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，由此锁定选项A和B。结 合语境可知，此处表述的是“你在上述任何一个国家待的时间越 长，你就会对它的文化习俗感到越自在”，故B项符合语境。 【词汇识记】 1. enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 2. seasoning adj.调味的n.调味品 3. given adj.特定的 4. stick v.将……插入 5. handle n.手柄；(门窗)把手v.处理，应付；控制，操纵 6. dine out外出就餐 7. be parallel with 与……平行 8. make requests提出请求或要求 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. When you put them down between bites，always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ⁠ 2. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries. ⁠ ⁠ 3. The more time you spend in any given country，the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. ⁠ (咬下的)一口　 不可思议的； 出人意料的　 习俗，习惯，惯例　 [话题词汇回测] 1. n.活动；战役 2. n.方向 3. adj.时髦的 4. n.参加；参与 5. v.忽视；俯视 6. adj.当代的 7. adj.激动人心的 8. v.认可；承认 campaign　 direction　 fashionable　 attendance　 overlook　 contemporary　 breathtaking　 acknowledge　 9. adj.难以置信的，奇特的 10. adj.真实的，真正的 11. adj.令人愉快的 12. adj.特定的 13. v.将……插入 14. n.手柄；(门窗)把手v.处理，应付；控制，操纵 15. 很容易击败…… 16. ⁠带着做某事的目的 17. 大量的；许多的 fantastically　 authentic　 enjoyable　 given　 stick　 handle　 beat sb. hands down　 with the aim of doing sth.　 a large number of　 18. 体重增加 19. 一把，一捧 20. 认真对待某事 21. 和……达成协议 22. 待命，随叫随到 23. 在某种程度上 24. ⁠外出就餐 25. 与……平行 26. ⁠提出请求或要求 gain weight　 a handful of　 take sth.seriously　 strike a deal with　 on call　 in some way　 dine out　 be parallel with　 make requests　 27. center n.中心→ adj.中心的 28. globe n.地球；地球仪→ adj.全球的 29. normal adj.典型的，一般的→ adj.不正常的，反常 的→ adv.正常地；通常地 30. equal adj.平等的 v.等于，比得上→ adv.平等地；同 样地→ n.平等，相等→ n.不平等 central　 global　 abnormal　 normally　 equally　 equality　 inequality　 基础考点探究 重点词汇 1. tell sth.by sth.通过某事看出某事 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The professor could tell the blank look in Mary’s eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture. ②Under the circumstances， it seemed better not to tell him ⁠ the accident. by　 about　 ③The twins are so alike；it’s difficult to tell the difference ⁠ them. ④You can tell his blue eyes that he isn’t native to China. ⑤Our teachers always tell us ⁠ (believe) in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. between　 from　 to believe　 『写美』 读后续写之情节描写 ⑥那些男孩子太吵，我把他们训斥了一顿。 I ⁠ for making so much noise. told the boys off　 ◎归纳拓展 tell the difference (between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……) tell sb./sth.from sb./sth.把……与……区分开来 tell sb.sth./tell sth.to sb./tell sb.＋that 从句/wh-从句　告诉某人…… tell sb.to do sth.吩咐某人做某事 tell off 斥责，责骂 ◎写作素材 tell you something about how we observe the Spring Festival 告诉你一 些关于我们怎么庆祝春节的事 whether you tell them or not不论你是否告诉他们 tell a lie/story/joke说谎/讲故事/讲笑话 to tell the truth说实话，老实说 2. strike v.(struck， struck/stricken) 划(火柴)；罢工；敲；击打； 侵袭；给……以印象；突然想起 n.罢工；打击 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Last month，thousands of workers in that city went ⁠ strike to get a pay rise. ②There was something so ⁠(strike) about it that I returned time and again to look at it. ③ ⁠ strikes me that nobody is in favour of the changes. on　 striking　 It　 『写美』 读后续写之情节描写 ④约翰突然想到他们可以在电影院门口卖爆米花。 ⁠ they could sell popcorn at the entrance to the cinema. It suddenly struck John that　 ◎归纳拓展 •be struck with/by被……所袭击/感动 It strikes sb.that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心；使某人感到…… •be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 •striking adj.显著的；突出的 ◎写作素材 deeply struck by the stories in the newspaper被报纸上的报道深深触动 strikingly beautiful美得出奇 3. request n.& vt.请求，要求 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①She had requested the community ⁠ (turn) it into a museum upon her death. ②We should consider the students’ request that the school library ⁠ (provide) more books on popular science. ③You’d sound a lot more polite if you make ⁠ request in the form of a question. to turn　 (should) provide　 a　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④要求所有学生参加一年一度的学校庆典。 ⁠ that all the students (should) attend the annual school celebration. It is requested　 ◎归纳拓展 •make a request for请求；要求 at one’s request应某人的要求 •request sb.to do sth.请求/要求某人做某事 request that...(should) do sth.要求……(应该)做某事 It is requested that...(should) do sth.据要求……(应该)做某事 ◎写作素材 make a formal request for official services为正式的服务作正式的请求 4. direction n.方向，方位；指示；说明书 『练会』写出下列各句中direct的词性和词义 ①A policeman stood in the middle of the road， directing the traffic. ⁠ ②(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March. ⁠ ③The film directed by Jack is popular with young people. ⁠ vt.指挥　 adj.直接的　 vt.导演　 ④I’d appreciate it if you can direct me to the nearest cinema. ⁠ ⁠ 『写美』 读后续写之写作佳句 ⑤咱们从一个不同的角度来探讨这个题目吧。 Let us approach the subject ⁠. vt. 给……指路　 from a different direction　 ◎归纳拓展 •direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的 adv.直 接地 direct sb.to do sth.指示/命令某人做某事 •in the direction of朝……方向 in all directions朝四面八方 •directly adv.直接地；径直地conj.一……就…… directory n.名录；电话号码簿 (计算机文件或程序的)目录 ◎写作素材 be directed to give special attention to the problem of poverty得到指示 要特别关注贫困问题 lose all sense of direction in her life完全丧失了生活的方向 经典句型 Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.了解 一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人愉快地用餐——无论你在世 界的哪个地方。 [句型公式]　no matter意为“无论， 不管”， 后面接关系代词或关 系副词who，what，where，when，how，whether等， 引导让步状 语从句。 ① you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out. ② road you take，it will lead you to the station. ③Every year， ⁠ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④无论你怎么努力，如果你不减少饮食量，减肥是很困难的。 ，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. Whatever　 Whichever　 whoever　 However hard you try/No matter how hard you try　 『练会』 单句语法填空 ◎归纳拓展 •whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever既可引导名词性从句， 也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/which/who/whom。 •however，whenever，wherever引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter how/when/where，意为“无论如何/何时/何地”。 ◎写作素材 No matter how frequently performed， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.贝多芬的音乐作品不管演奏多少次，总会吸 引大批的听众。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. People could tell ⁠ his paintings that he got a load of the natural world very carefully. 2. He trained hard ⁠ the aim of passing the driving test. 3. When the fire broke out， people panicked and ran ⁠ all directions. 4. By the end of last night， the electric power had returned ⁠ normal. by　 with　 in　 to　 5. I’m trying to do what is best， but (equal) I’ve got to consider the cost. 6. Why can’t you ever take anything (serious)？ 7. No matter hard it is，as long as we have the dream and work hard，we will make it！ 8. The first time he met the girl he ⁠ (strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her deeply. 9. Tom is the first student in our school ⁠ (win) such a special honor. 10. The homeless man wandered ⁠ (aim) in the street. equally　 seriously　 how　 was struck　 to win　 aimlessly　 Ⅱ.完成句子 1. (无论什么 时候我们遇到困难)，they came to help us. 2. She requested that no one (不要 告知任何人她的决定). 3. (我突然想起) how we could improve the situation. 4. (说实话)， we need further consideration on this matter. 5. (你必须更认真 地对待整个项目) if you are to succeed. Whenever/No matter when we met with difficulties　 (should) be told of her decision　 It suddenly struck me　 To tell the truth　 You must take the whole project more seriously　 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) 　　①有55个少数民族生活在祖国各地。他们有大约1亿人口。 There are 55 ⁠ every corner of China.They ⁠ about 100 million. ②有些少数民族以务农为生，有些以捕鱼为生。 Some ethnic groups ， while others ⁠ ⁠. ethnic groups living in　 have a population of　 live by farming　 live by fishing　 ③在长期的发展过程中，少数民族形成了各不相同的风俗 习惯。 In the long-term development， the ethnic groups ⁠ ⁠. ④显然，这些都是他们适应环境的结果。 ， these resulted from their ⁠ ⁠. have formed diverse/varied customs　 Apparently　 adjusting/ adjustments to their surroundings　 ⑤现在所有民族和平相处，关系稳固。 Nowadays， all peoples live in peace， and they ⁠ ⁠. ⑥散布民族之间不和谐信息是愚蠢的。 To spread the disharmony between the peoples is ⁠. have a firm relation　 foolish　 Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) 　　①用定语从句改写句① ⁠ ⁠ ②用形式主语改写句⑥ ⁠  　There are 55 ethnic groups living in every corner of China， which have a population of about 100 million.　 It is foolish to spread the disharmony between the peoples.　 Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠  　There are 55 ethnic groups living in every corner of China， which have a population of about 100 million. Some ethnic groups live by farming， while others live by fishing. As we all know， in the long-term development， the ethnic groups have formed diverse/varied customs. Apparently， these resulted from their adjusting/adjustments to their surroundings. Nowadays， all peoples live in peace， and they have a firm relation. So it is foolish to spread the disharmony between the peoples.　 微型写作——续写提升练 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 　　It was a rainy night in Portland. I was waiting at the airport for my flight to New York. With several long hours before the flight， I hunted for a novel in the airport shops， bought a bag of cookies at the checkout counter and comfortably found a place to drop. Several minutes later， I was absorbed in my book and didn’t notice somebody settled beside me. I continued to read and contented myself with my chocolate-chip cookies， but at this moment， I saw that the man sitting beside me， as bold (胆大的) as he could be， grabbed a cookie or two from the bag in between！ I was silently shocked and angry： “What？！” He looked decent and nothing like poor. Unbelievable as his rude act was， I tried to ignore it to avoid a scene. So I munched the cookies and watched the clock， as the cookie thief cut down my stock. I was getting more annoyed as the minutes ticked by， thinking， “If I weren’t so nice， I would blacken his eye.” With each cookie I took， he took one too. The moment came when there was only one cookie left in the bag， I just glared at him and wondered what he would do. With a smile on his face， and a nervous laugh， he took the last cookie and broke it in half. He offered me half， as he ate the other. I grabbed it from him and thought： “Oh， brother！ This guy has some nerve and he’s also rude！ He didn’t even show any gratitude！” I finally sighed with relief when my flight was called. Gathering my belongings and heading to the gate， I couldn’t bear to look at the thief again！ After boarding the plane and sinking in my seat， I sought my book， which was almost complete. As I reached in my baggage， I was astonished！ There was my almost-full bag of cookies， in front of my eyes！ “If mine are here，” I cried in silent despair， “the others were his！” I was the thief！ It was I who rudely took a stranger’s food without permission. The stranger， on the other hand， treated me with nothing but kindness and generosity. I was so ashamed of myself that I could feel my face burning. How could I be so mean and arrogant！ For the whole flight I was scolding myself for being the ungrateful impolite cookie thief！ The plane eventually landed in New York as I was still beating myself up. 　　注意：续写词数应为80左右。 　　When I was waiting to claim my luggage， a familiar figure caught my eye—the “cookie thief”！ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文] 　　 　When I was waiting to claim my luggage， a familiar figure caught my eye—the “cookie thief”！　 It turned out we were on the same flight. I got up the courage to walk to him. “Hi！ I want to thank...” “It’s OK，” he cut in. “Just some cookies. I mean， nice to meet you. I’m Jason.” With an embarrassed smile， I explained what had happened and how I should apologize， not only for my stupid behavior but also for my even more stupid thoughts. Jason chuckled heartily and said， “Don’t you worry！ Now you have more cookies and a new friend as well！” I continued， “Thanks for the cookies， and particularly for this lesson about kindness.” He replied with a smile， “The pleasure is all mine. Now do you need a hand with your luggage？” 课时作业 [话题语篇强化] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　(2023·江苏无锡调研)Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar’s studio， occasionally turning a page of his book. The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan garden at the Huntington Library， Art Museum and Botanical Gardens. For him， the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books. 　　Phillip E. Bloom， director of the Center for East Asian Garden Studies， said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan goes back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants， but after research， they realized plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden. Eventually， they decided to model a garden on 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats (隐居处) in Suzhou. 　　The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens， but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry Huntington， founder of the Huntington Library， was a successful American businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books， artworks and to create gardens. “Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle，” he added. 　　To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens， the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou， giving rise to collaboration between American and Chinese architects， contractors and designers. In all stages of construction， artisans (工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue. 　　After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020， Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4.6 hectares of new landscape， making it one of the largest classical-style Chinese gardens in the world. The additions include courtyards displaying penjing， a scholar’s studio， a pavilion (亭子) situated at the garden’s highest point，etc. 　　Now， it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. “A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly，” Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature， Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。流芳园是一个按照苏 州古典园林的风格建造的花园。通过中美合作，这座园林成为 世界上最大的中国古典式园林之一。该园林展示了中国植物、 中国哲学和中国文化，推动了中美之间的文化交流，弥合了两 国之间的文化鸿沟。 1. What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan？ A. It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou. B. It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone. C. It became the largest garden after being expanded. D. It promotes cultural exchanges between America and China. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.”可知，流芳园超越了国际界限，弥合了两国之间的文化 鸿沟，因此推动了中美的文化交流。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ A. The introduction to the founder. B. The fame of Suzhou classical gardens. C. The features of a scholarly lifestyle. D. The reasons for modeling a Suzhou garden. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 段落大意题。根据第三段的“The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens， but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens.”可知，第三段主 要介绍了仿造苏州园林的原因。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What does the underlined word “collaboration” in paragraph 4 mean？ A. Negotiation. B. Cooperation. C. Inspiration. D. Contradiction. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据第四段的“sought help from Suzhou， giving rise to collaboration between American and Chinese architects， contractors and designers”可知，他们找了中美两国的建筑师、承包商、设计 师，所以他们之间有了合作。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. Why did Bloom mention local people’s interactions with the garden？ A. To show its cultural significance. B. To detail its architectural features. C. To promote its diverse activities. D. To boost its international fame. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“By exposing its visitors to arts and literature， Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.”可知，这个园林 通过展示艺术品和文学作品，超越了国际界限，弥合了两国之间的 文化鸿沟。这表明该园林的价值不仅仅在于它的建筑特色和活动， 更重要的是它对于文化交流的意义。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B 　　(2023·福建泉州监测)Scientists say the plant enset，an Ethiopian staple (主食)，could be a new superfood and a lifesaver in the face of climate change. “This is a crop that can play a really important role in addressing food security and sustainable development，” said a university professor in Awasa，Ethiopia. 　　Enset，or “false banana”， is a close relative of the banana but is consumed only in one part of Ethiopia. The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible (不宜食用的)，but the stems and roots can be processed to make porridge and bread. 　　However，Ethiopia is isolated (隔离) by dry lowlands，which are unsuitable for enset to grow. And the procedures for enset raising and preparing require special knowledge. Therefore， despite its wild relatives distributing across Africa， enset is only used as a crop in Ethiopia and has never been widely adopted elsewhere. 　　Using agricultural surveys and modeling work， scientists found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost food security in Ethiopia and other African countries. 　　Study researcher Dr. James Borrell， of the Royal Botanic Gardens， said planting enset as an alternative crop for tough times could help support food security. “It’s got some really unusual characteristics that make it absolutely unique as a crop，” he said. Reaching ten meters tall， as few as 15 enset plants can feed a person for a year. Also，it has flexible harvest times， stores well， and is relatively drought and disease tolerant. All these features have earned it the name “the tree against hunger”. 　　There is growing interest in seeking new plants to feed the world. Nearly half of all the calories we eat come from three species—rice， wheat，and corn. “We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a staple because all our eggs are in a very small basket at the moment，” said Dr. Borrell. 　　【语篇解读】　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种特 殊植物——恩斯特，又称埃塞俄比亚蕉，它可以被制作成食物。 5. What can we know about enset？ A. It is widely consumed in Ethiopia. B. Its stems and roots can serve as a staple. C. It is mainly grown in dry lowlands. D. It distributes throughout the world. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the stems and roots can be processed to make porridge and bread”可知，这种植物的茎和根可以用来制作 粥和面包，即可作为主食。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What affects the wide adoption of enset？ A. Lack of related knowledge. B. Poor quality of farmland. C. Low productivity. D. Strict storage condition. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And the procedures for enset raising and preparing require special knowledge. Therefore...enset is only used as a crop in Ethiopia and has never been widely adopted elsewhere.”可 知，影响恩斯特不能被广泛采用的原因是缺少相关的专业知识。故 选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. Which aspect of enset is talked about in paragraph 5？ A. Its advantages. B. Its edibility. C. Its variety. D. Its distribution. 答案：A 段落大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段，第五段主要介绍 了该植物有利于保障食品安全、有灵活的收割期、易于储存、 耐旱、抗病等优点，故第五段主要介绍了恩斯特的优点。B项意 为“它的可食性”；C项意为“它的多样性”；D项意为“它的 分布”。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What does Dr.Borrell mean in the last paragraph？ A. People are fed up with existing staples. B. A world of biodiversity is needed. C. Crop varieties should be increased. D. Food security has been addressed. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a staple”可知，Borrell博士认为，我们需要把作为主 食的植物多样化，即增加农作物种类。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。每个地区都有自己的语言 和方言。语言和方言保留着一个地方独特的文化元素。方言保持特 性，促进创造性，还能增加独立性。 　　(2023·江苏四市统考)Each place on this planet has its own unique traits，culture and customs. In addition，different locales have their own languages and dialects.  　1 .　 1 2 3 4 5 A. The free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas. B. Unique pronunciations help give a culture its identity. C. A dialect，by definition，is specific to a region or group. D. When exchanging ideas，they feel comfortable speaking dialects. E. Therefore，a standardized language is crucial in the communication. F. However，dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region. G. Language and dialects preserve the unique cultural elements of a given place. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 分析语境寻线索：根据空前的“Each place on this planet ...their own languages and dialects.”可知，每个地方都有自己独特的文化和习 俗，而且不同的地区都有自己的语言和方言→对比选项定答案：G 项“语言和方言保留着一个特定地区独特的文化元素”符合语境， 故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 　　As people travel more frequently，they exchange goods and ideas.Thus，the blend of cultures has become easier and more commonplace.In the age of globalization，one may argue that language acts as a barrier to communication.Individual dialects may divide people even further.  　2　 Dialects are important for international business.Read on to learn how. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas. B. Unique pronunciations help give a culture its identity. C. A dialect，by definition，is specific to a region or group. D. When exchanging ideas，they feel comfortable speaking dialects. E. Therefore，a standardized language is crucial in the communication. F. However，dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region. G. Language and dialects preserve the unique cultural elements of a given place. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前的“Individual dialects may divide people even further.”可 知，不同的方言可能会使人们之间的差异更大；再结合空后的 “Dialects are important for international business.”可知，方言对国 际贸易很重要。由此可推知，空处的内容应该与方言有关，且表示 转折关系，故F项符合语境。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 　　DIALECTS RETAIN IDENTITY 　　Many cultures use different words or pronunciations for the same thing.  　3　 Many times，exact translations are impossible.For example，one language may have a specific word for something， while another does not.If each language were standardized with the same set of words and pronunciations，cultures would lose their identities. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas. B. Unique pronunciations help give a culture its identity. C. A dialect，by definition，is specific to a region or group. D. When exchanging ideas，they feel comfortable speaking dialects. E. Therefore，a standardized language is crucial in the communication. F. However，dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region. G. Language and dialects preserve the unique cultural elements of a given place. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 分析语境寻线索：根据空前的“Many cultures use different words or pronunciations for the same thing.”可知，许多文化对同一事物使用 不同的词语或发音→对比选项定答案：B项“独特的发音有助于给 一种文化以特性”承接上文，符合语境。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 　　DIALECTS HELP SPREAD CREATIVITY 　　New words spread freely throughout different cultures thanks to world travel and the Internet.In our modern society，each person can travel to experience new things.By learning new languages and dialects，a person expands his or her mind.Opening one’s mind promotescreativity.  　4　 Therefore，as we interact internationally，these exchanges lead to innovations. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas. B. Unique pronunciations help give a culture its identity. C. A dialect，by definition，is specific to a region or group. D. When exchanging ideas，they feel comfortable speaking dialects. E. Therefore，a standardized language is crucial in the communication. F. However，dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region. G. Language and dialects preserve the unique cultural elements of a given place. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 根据空后的“Therefore，as we interact internationally，these exchanges lead to innovations.”可知，当我们在国际上互动时，这 些交流促进了创新。由此可推知，空处的内容应与交流相关。故A 项“想法的自由交流产生新想法”符合语境。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 　　DIALECTS INCREASE INDEPENDENCE 　　 　5　 Even though a small group is part of a larger whole，their unique form of expression sets them apart.Their uniqueness provides them with a sense of independence.Oftentimes，people from a specific area take pride in their dialect.Differences enhance cultural diversity and increase independence.Without diversity，our world would not progress in business or technology. 　　Our world needs dialects and individual expression to keep cultures alive for future generations.Preserving dialects is good for creativity， innovation and business. 1 2 3 4 5 A. The free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas. B. Unique pronunciations help give a culture its identity. C. A dialect，by definition，is specific to a region or group. D. When exchanging ideas，they feel comfortable speaking dialects. E. Therefore，a standardized language is crucial in the communication. F. However，dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region. G. Language and dialects preserve the unique cultural elements of a given place. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据该部分的小标题和空后的“Even though a small group ...sets them apart.”可知，尽管一个小群体是一个大整体的一部分，但他 们独特的表达形式使他们与众不同。由此可推知，空处内容应与方 言的独特性相关，故C项“按照定义，方言是针对一个地区或者群 体来讲的”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。山西平遥古城已经被联合 国教科文组织确定为世界文化遗产，其中的日升昌票号曾经是中国 第一家票号，是中国早期金融体系的原型。本文重点介绍了日升昌 票号的历史。 　　(2023·湖北武汉质检)A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site today，the ancient town of Pingyao in Shanxi Province formed China’s economic backbone during the Qing Dynasty. The town was home 1. 　　　　　　 the country’s first piaohao (money exchange house) that financed the empire during a period when all bookkeeping was on paper，and the only way 2. 　　　　　　 (deal) with numbers involved the abacus (算盘). 1. 考查介词和固定搭配。此处考查固定搭配be home to，意为 “是……的所在地”。 答案：to 2. 考查非谓语动词。the only way to do“做……的唯一方法”，是 固定用法。 答案：to deal 　　In the 19th century，merchants from Shanxi were making their 3. 　　　　　　 (present)felt in many other nations. They had to rely on security guards for transferring their wealth—gold and silver. The method was hardly safe and thus 4. 　　　　　　 (lead)to the emergence of piaohao. 3. 考查词性转换。物主代词后接名词。根据their可知，空处用名词 形式。 答案：presence 4. 考查动词的时态和语态。根据该段首句的时间状语in the 19th century可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；又 因主语the method与lead之间是主动关系。故填led。 答案：led The Rishengchang Bank，which 5. 　　　　　　 (literal) means “sunrise prosperity”，was established in 1823 and it became the prototype (原型) of China’s early financial system. At its peak，the Rishengchang Bank had more than 35 branches across the country， with business 6. 　　　　　　 (reach) as far as Europe and the US. 7. 　　　　　　 more than a century later，in 1932，the exchange house halted (完全停止) its operations，the antiques displayed in the museum today continue to fascinate people. 5. 考查词性转换。空处修饰动词means，故用副词形式。 答案：literally 6. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with复合结构， reach与其逻辑主语business之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词。 答案：reaching 7. 考查连词。句意：尽管一个多世纪后的1932年，票号完全停止了 运作，但今天博物馆里展出的古董仍然吸引着人们。空处引导让步 状语从句，故填Though或Although或While。注意首字母要大写。 答案：Though/Although/While 　　In 2006，the Rishengchang museum was named 8.__ ___________ “major national cultural relic” under protection by the State Council. Since then，it 9. 　　　　　　 (make) its way across the country and abroad. The museum now preserves original account books，letters， bills of exchange and seals， 10. 　　　　　　 existence reflects the spirit and wisdom of the Shanxi merchants. 8. 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少冠词；结合句意可知， 此处表示泛指，且major的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 答案：a 9. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since then可 知，此处应用现在完成时；主语it和make之间为主动关系；又因主 语it为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has made。 答案：has made 10. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从 句中作定语，故填whose。 答案：whose $$