话题13 良好的人际关系与社会交往(1)-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题（一） 社会服务与人际沟通 话题13 良好的人际关系与社会交往（1） 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础考点探究 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage1　 阅读理解(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·D) 　　On March 7， 1907， the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases，the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors， those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate， and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors，then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons，people’s errors become correlated or dependent，the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates？ Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？ This happened some of the time，but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently，the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow， these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨了群 体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？ A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 答案：B 段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效 应的潜在逻辑。故选B项。 33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if  　　　　. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.”和第三段 中的“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion...independent individuals”可知，纳瓦哈 斯的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度 依旧会提升。故选D项。 34. What did the follow-up study focus on？ A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，在后续的研究中，研究人员 试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论过程中做了什么。故可推知，后续 研究的重点是小组讨论的过程。 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies？ A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 答案：D 观点态度题。最后一段作者说，虽然纳瓦哈斯的研究有局限性，但 是从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此判 断作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究持支持态度。 【词汇识记】 1. statistician n.统计学家 2. illustrate v.阐明 3. correlated adj.相互关联的 4. dominant adj.占优势的，占支配地位的 5. implication n.可能的影响；暗示 6. enormous adj.巨大的 7. obtain v.获得；存在；(尤指经努力)赢得 8. dismissive adj.轻蔑的；鄙视的 9. follow-up adj.后续的 10. capitalize on利用，从……中获得好处 11. cancel sth.out 抵消 12. result in引起，导致 13. for instance 例如 14. respond vi.& vt.回应，回复→response n.回应，回复 15. argue v.争论；辩论→argument n.论点；论据 16. reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n.减少；降低 17. approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approving adj.赞成的，同意的 →approval n.赞成；赞许；批准→disapprove vt.不赞成，反对 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) When enough of these errors are averaged together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate. ⁠ ⁠ 【难句分析】 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 计算出……的 平均数　 [译文选择] A. 该项研究的核心发现是，当人群被进一步分成允许进行讨论的 更小的组的时候，这些小组得出的平均估计比同样数量的独立个体 的平均估计更准确。 B. 该项研究的核心发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组，并且 允许进行讨论的时候，这些小组得出的估计比同样数量的独立个体 的估计更准确。(　) A [结构分析] 句中的第一个that引导表语从句，而这个表语从句的主句是the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals，这个表语从句中有一个 when引导的时间状语从句。that were allowed to have a discussion是 先行词为smaller groups的定语从句。those指代的是前文提到的相同 类别事物the averages。 Passage 2　 阅读七选五(2022·全国乙卷) 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了维持远距 离友谊的5种方法。 　　Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another.With busy schedules，squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.　36　. ·More isn’t always merrier A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 答案：D 空前提到双方忙碌，可能会难以找到时间打电话。根据该段小标题 “Set a regular date”可知，此段主要建议朋友间设定一个固定的时 间来联系，对应选项D中的“Try to find a time that works for both of you”，故选D。 Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 　37　.There are alternatives to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 答案：E 根据空前的“Make sure you have communicated...for you both.”以 及空后的“There are...a group chat.”可知，空处内容应与交流方式 相关。空前的“what method works best for you both”与选项E中的 their preferred methods of communication对应，故选E。  　38　.The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 答案：G 该段中的“The friend who is remaining”“the friend who has moved”分别对应选项G中的“the one who was left behind”“the friend who left”，故选G。 · 　39 。　 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long- distance friendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible，extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 答案：A 根据语境和常识可知，anniversaries and birthdays均为重要的日子， 再结合该段中的“keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates”可知，选A。 ·Don’t rely on technology alone  　40　，but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it？ Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 答案：F 空后“long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain”表示“长距离友谊，即使是亲密的朋友 之间，也可能需要更有意识的努力来维持”，又根据空后的but可 知，空处内容应与空后内容形成转折，F项“通过社交媒体获得联 系感是很容易的”符合语境。 【词汇识记】 1. long-lasting adj.持久的 2. characteristic n.特征，特点 3. alternative adj.可替代的；另外的 n.可供选择的事物 4. constant adj.固定不变的，不断的 5. renew v.重新开始；重新建立 6. long-distance friendships远距离的友谊/异地友谊 7. set a regular date定期约会 8. stick to遵守，坚持 9. be sympathetic to对……表示同情或体谅 10. seek out找出，找到 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ⁠ ⁠ 2. Don’t rely on technology alone. ⁠ 【难句分析】 (想法或 事实)被遗忘，被忽略　 仅仅　 1. With busy schedules，squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. [译文选择] A. 在忙碌的日程中，挤出时间打电话可能是个挑战。 B. 在忙碌的日程中，挤进电话间打电话是个挑战。(　) [结构分析] 这是一个简单句。With busy schedules是介词短语作状语； squeezing in phone calls是动名词作主语。 A 2. More isn’t always merrier. [译文选择] A. 太多总是令人不高兴的。 B. 并不总是多多益善。(　) [结构分析] 否定句中，系动词和always连用，表示不完全否定，意为“不总 是”。 B 3. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. [译文选择] A. 留下来的朋友需要对已经搬走的朋友的所有额外时间要求体察 入微。 B. 留下来的朋友需要很多额外的时间，已经搬走的朋友则需要体 谅他们。(　) A [结构分析] 本句是主从复合句。含有两个who引导的定语从句，都修饰其前面 的先行词friend，placed on the friend...为过去分词短语作后置定语， 修饰the additional time demands。 4. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. [译文选择] A. 身处新环境的人应该对你的朋友可能会感到被抛弃的事实感到 同情。 B. 你的朋友应该同情身处新环境的人，他们可能会有被抛弃的感 觉。(　) A [结构分析] in the new environment 是the one的定语；that your friend may feel abandoned是the fact 的同位语从句。 5. Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. [译文选择] A. 纪念日和生日在异地友谊中有更大的重量。 B. 纪念日和生日在异地友谊中显得更为重要。(　) B [结构分析] 本句是一个简单句。谓语是carry，more weight是宾语；carry even more weight 在本句中的含义是“更为重要”。 6. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible，extra effort goes a long way on special days. [译文选择] A. 虽然科技可能使日常交流成为可能，但在特殊的日子里，额外 的努力会使你走更长的路。 B. 虽然科技可能使日常交流成为可能，但在特殊的日子里，额外 的努力会大有帮助。(　) B [结构分析] Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible是 让步状语从句；goes a long way的意思是“起重要的作用，有很大 的帮助”。例如“A little kindness goes a long way.”意为“小小的 善意也起重要的作用/也有很大的帮助。” Passage 3　 阅读七选五(2021·全国乙卷) 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在宴会上 如何使自己变得有趣、避免尴尬和沉默的一些具体做法，如积极地 提出问题、赞美主人等。 　　According to Jessica Hagy， author of How to Be Interesting， it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.  　36　， if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous， trying different foods and talking to strangers. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here？” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 答案：B 根据空后的“...if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.”可知，空处内容 与走出舒适区域或者第一次去别人的家里的做法有关，再结合下文 的“just to show up and be adventurous， trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，露面、敢于冒险、尝试不同的食物以及 和陌生人交谈是应该做的事。故B项符合语境。 People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”， you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.　37　， it can bring in “I have this old， broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here？” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 答案：C 空后的“it can bring in ‘I have this old， broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”中提到的 vehicle和bus都属于交通工具，强调出行的方 式，与C项“你是怎么来的？”相呼应，故选C。  　38　？ If you can’t take their wine away， you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台).If you’re the host， you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 　39　. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here？” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 答案：F 空后的“If you can’t take their wine away， you should certainly try to take away their soapbox.”中的wine与F项中的 drink信息呼应， soapbox 与F项中的talking信息呼应，故选F。  　38　？ If you can’t take their wine away， you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台).If you’re the host， you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 　39　. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here？” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 答案：E 结合空前的“If you’re the host， you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.(如果 你是主人，你可以让他们在厨房里帮你做点什么，这是一个可以摆 脱前面提到的总是喝酒和喋喋不休的情形的方法之一)”可知，作 者又提出了另外一个方法。E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say (或者把谈话转向一个他们几乎无话可说 的话题)”符合语境，同时E项中的 little to say 也与上文提到的 won’t stop talking 呼应。故选E。 And what about that other dinner-party killer： awkward silence？ If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party， the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 　40　.Just quickly turn around and say， “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here？” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 答案：G 根据空前的awkward silence和 an awkward silence可知，G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most”中的awkwardness是前面两次提到的awkward 的名词形式， 意义属于同一范畴。另外G项中的he or she也与空前面的 host对 应。如果晚会上大家都沉默不说话，非常尴尬，这对于主人来说是 最尴尬的事情了，故选G。 【词汇识记】 1. for the first time 首次 2. show up 如约赶到；出现，露面 3. other than 除……以外 4. bring in 引入；赚得 5. open up 开始；(使)产生 6. adventure n.冒险；冒险精神 v.冒险；大胆说出→adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的，大胆开拓的 7. silence n.沉默→silent adj.沉默的；寂静的→silently adv.默默地； 静静地 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. ⁠ 2. If you’re the host， you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ⁠ 3. Just quickly turn around and say， “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” ⁠ 4. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. ⁠ 乘坐　 使离开；摆脱　 转换话题　 重担，压力　 【难句分析】 If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”， you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. [译文选择] A. 比起问对方“你是做什么工作的？”，如果你以其他问题开始 对话，那么无论聊天对象是谁，你们的对话都可以变得更有趣。 B. 如果你问对方“你是做什么工作的？”，不是以其他问题开始 对话，那么无论聊天对象是谁，你们的对话都可以变得更有趣。 (　) A [结构分析] 本句是一个复合句。if引导条件状语从句，主句是you’ll be able to get...，主句中whomever 引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语。 [话题词汇回测] 1. v.阐明 2. adj.相互关联的 3. adj.占优势的，占支配地位的 4. n.可能的影响；暗示 5. adj.巨大的 6. v.获得；存在；(尤指经努力)赢得 7. adj.轻蔑的；鄙视的 8. adj.后续的 illustrate　 correlated　 dominant　 implication　 enormous　 obtain　 dismissive　 follow-up　 9. adj.持久的 10. n.特征，特点 11. adj.可替代的；另外的n.可供选择的事物 12. adj.固定不变的，不断的 13. v.重新开始；重新建立 14. 利用，从……中获得好处 15. 抵消 16. 引起，导致 17. 例如 long-lasting　 characteristic　 alternative　 constant　 renew　 capitalize on　 cancel sth.out　 result in　 for instance　 18. 遵守，坚持 19. 对……表示同情或体谅 20. 找出，找到 21. 首次 22. 如约赶到；出现，露面 23. 除……以外 24. 引入；赚得 25. 开始；(使)产生 26. respond vi.& vt.回应，回复→ n.回应，回复 stick to　 be sympathetic to　 seek out　 for the first time　 show up　 other than　 bring in　 open up　 response　 27. argue v.争论；辩论→ n.论点；论据 28. reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→ n.减少；降低 29. approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→ adj.赞成的，同意 的→ n.赞成；赞许；批准→ vt.不赞成， 反对 30. adventure n.冒险；冒险精神v.冒险；大胆说出→ ⁠ adj.有冒险精神的，大胆开拓的 31. silence n.沉默→ adj.沉默的；寂静的→ adv. 默默地；静静地 argument　 reduction　 approving　 approval　 disapprove　 adventurous　 silent　 silently　 第二组 Passage 1　 阅读理解(2019·全国Ⅰ卷·D) 　　During the rosy years of elementary school (小学)，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens，and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes，breaking rules and playing jokes on others，among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers.The likables’ plays-well- with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，jump-start interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed，Dr.Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school，as well as those least liked in elementary school，are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study，Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents，scoring the least liked，the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment，high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing，kindness，openness— carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research，Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes， but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨 论了青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这 一青少年心理健康话题。 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school？ A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据题干中的关键信息early years of elementary school 可定位到第一段的第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes...”，根据句意和sharing 一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。 注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因 为那是作者青少年时期的情况。 33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior. 答案：A 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒 号)，可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别 用“The likables’...”和“Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence...”引出下文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的 两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时我们发现本段第二句中的 关键词sort...into...(把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼 应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。 34. What did Dr.Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids？ A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment...”可知，普林斯坦博士的研 究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第 四段中的adjustment相呼应。 35. What is the best title for the text？ A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status，the Better C. Be the Best—You Can Make It D. More Self-Control，Less Aggressiveness 答案：A 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者发现，讨人喜欢与积极的人生 结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。注意A项中的be nice与原文 中的likability，popularity，kindness等词相呼应。“Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last”从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善，于己为 善”。这里的finish本义是“获得(名次)；排名”。 【词汇识记】 1. status n.法律地位；(尤指在社会中的)地位，身份 2. mean adj.不善良的；刻薄的 3. rank n.社会地位 4. psychology n.心理学 5. category n.种类；范畴 6. jump-start v.推动 7. dishonorable adj.无耻的；不光彩的 8. consequence n.后果 9. aggressive adj.好斗的；挑衅的 10. kindness n.善良 11. outcome n.结果，后果 12. play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑 13. have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响 14. be responsible for 为……承担责任 15. popular adj.普及的；受欢迎的→popularity n.流行；普及； 受欢迎 16. adolescence n.青春期→adolescent n.青少年 17. adjust v.调整；调节→adjustment n.调整 18. relate v.相联系，有关联→related adj.相联系的→relation n.联 系，关联 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. During the rosy years of elementary school， I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， which allowed me to keep my high social status. ⁠ 2. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jump-start interpersonal skills and， when tapped early， are employed ever after in life and work. ⁠ 美好的；乐观的　 发掘　 【难句分析】 1. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes， breaking rules and playing jokes on others， among whom I soon found myself. [译文选择] A. 他们地位的提升不是通过待人友善而是通过吸烟、违反规则和 捉弄别人，不久我也沦为被捉弄的人。 B. 他们地位的提升不是通过待人友善而是通过吸烟、违反规则和 捉弄别人，不久我也成为那些人当中的一员。(　) B [结构分析] 本句是一个复合句。among whom I soon found myself为非限制性定 语从句，修饰先行词They，而not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes， breaking rules and playing jokes on others为 not ...but ...“不是……而是……”结构，在句中作方式状语。 2. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage. [译文选择] A. 被人喜欢会给人的学习和有助于一个人获得优势的新生活体验 创造机会。 B. 被人喜欢创造了学习的机会和新的生活体验，这有助于一个人 获得优势。(　) [结构分析] 本句是一个复合句。句中being liked是动词-ing形式的被动式作主 语，that help somebody gain an advantage是that引导的定语从句，修 饰先行词experiences。 A 94 Passage2　 完形填空(2022·全国乙卷) 　　Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there’s something highly exciting about  　41　 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably  　42　 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies  　43　. For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was  　44　 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.But our  　45　 research results in child developmental psychology  　46　 that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each  　47　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or  　48　.We then asked the child if she could  　49　 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t.The same  　50　 happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 　51　 children said that they couldn’t  　52　 to her. 　　A number of  　53　 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear：Our young subjects  　54　 the questions and knew  　55　 what was asked of them.Their  　56　 to the questions reflected their true  　57　 that “I can see you only if you can see me，too.” They simply  　58　 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.Our  　59　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it is not a result of egocentrism.In fact，children consider this method  　60　 when others use it. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在全球小孩儿都喜欢玩的 捉迷藏游戏里，蕴藏着的是孩子们纯真的天性，他们认为“只有你 也能看到我，我才能看到你”，这说明孩子们之间存在着相互承认 和尊重，而非“以自我为中心”。 41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 答案：C 根据下文中的making oneself unable to be seen可推断，避开 (escaping) 别人的目光，使自己不被人看见，这是一件非常令人兴 奋的事情。 42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 答案：B 根据下文中的“They often cover only their eyes with their hands， leaving the rest of their bodies  　43　.”可知，他们常常只是用手遮 住自己的眼睛，把身体其他部位暴露在外，由此可推断，他们不擅 长隐藏。 根据下文中的“They often cover only their eyes with their hands， leaving the rest of their bodies  　43　.”可知，他们常常只是用手遮 住自己的眼睛，把身体其他部位暴露在外，由此可推断，他们不擅 长隐藏。 43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 答案：A 参见上题解析。 44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 答案：D 句意：很长一段时间以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释 (interpreted) 为儿童是完完全全“以自我为中心”的物种的证据。 support“支持”；guarantee“保证”；imagine“想象”。 45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired 答案：C 句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的 (surprising) 研究 结果与那一观点相矛盾。 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 答案：C 参见上题解析。explain“解释”；confirm“证实”；test“测 试”。 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 答案：B 由上句中的children可知，此处是指每个孩子 (child) 都与一名成年 人坐在一起。 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 答案：D 由下句中的hear可推断出此空填“ears”。 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 答案：A 由上句中的eyes可推断出此空填“see”。 50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 答案：B 根据语境可知，当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情 (thing) 发 生了。 51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once 答案：B 这么一来 (Now)，孩子们说他们不能和她说话。 52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave 答案：A 由上文的mouth可推断出此空填“speak”。 53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 答案：C 根据语境可知，许多实验 (experiments) 排除了孩子们误解了他们被 问到的问题这种可能性。instruction“指示，命令，用法说明”； description“描述”；assumption“假设”。 54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 答案：A 孩子们理解 (comprehended) 这些问题，并且确切地 (exactly) 知道他 们被问到了什么。predict“预言”；explore“探索”；ignore“忽 视”。 55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly 答案：D 参见上题解析。partly“部分地”；honestly“诚实地”； vaguely“含糊地”。 56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity 答案：A 根据语境可知，他们对这些问题的回答(responses) 反映了他们真实 的看法 (belief)：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到 你。”approach“方法”；contribution“贡献”；sensitivity“体 贴，敏感”。 57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose 答案：B 参见上题解析。ability“能力”；identity“身份”；purpose“目 的”。 58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 答案：C 根据语境可知，他们只是坚持 (insist on) 相互认可和尊重。hold back“隐瞒，阻止”；make up“构成，编造，补足(某数量)”。 59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 答案：D 根据语境可知，我们的研究发现 (findings) 表明，当孩子在头上盖 一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。 limitation“限制”；requirement“必备条件”；theory“理论”。 60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 答案：D 根据语境可知，事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它 是有效的 (effective)。tentative“不确定的”；impressive“令人赞 叹的，给人印象深刻的”；creative“创造(性)的”。 【词汇识记】 1. creature n.生物，(具有某种特征的)人 2. reflect v.显示，表明，表达(态度、情感等) 3. comprehend v.理解，领悟，懂 4. vaguely adv.含糊地，不确切地 5. response n.回答，回应 6. identity n.身份；特征 7. theory n.理论 8. finding n.调查结果 9. tentative adj.暂定的，不确定的 10. witness v.目击，亲眼看到 11. remarkably adv.突出地；非同寻常地 12. guarantee v.保证；确保 13. evidence n.证据 14. hide and seek捉迷藏 15. interpret...as...把……解释为，把……理解为 16. rule out 排除在外 17. make up 组成；补足；化妆；编造；和好 18. ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ignorance n.无知；愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的 19. assume v.假定，假设→assumption n.假定，假设→assuming conj. 假定，假设 20. belief n.信念；信条→disbelief n.不信；怀疑；疑惑 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. ⁠ 2. They simply insist on mutual recognition and regard. ⁠ 实验对象　 尊重　 [话题词汇回测] 1. adj.不善良的；刻薄的 2. n.种类；范畴 3. adj.无耻的；不光彩的 4. n.后果 5. adj.好斗的；挑衅的 6. n.善良 7. n.结果，后果 8. n.生物，(具有某种特征的)人 mean　 category　 dishonorable　 consequence　 aggressive　 kindness　 outcome　 creature　 9. v.显示，表明，表达(态度、情感等) 10. v.理解，领悟，懂 11. adv.含糊地，不确切地 12. n.回答，回应 13. n.身份；特征 14. n.理论 15. adj.暂定的，不确定的 16. v.目击，亲眼看到 17. adv.突出地；非同寻常地 reflect　 comprehend　 vaguely　 response　 identity　 theory　 tentative　 witness　 remarkably　 18. v.保证；确保 19. n.证据 20. 开某人的玩笑 21. 对……产生影响 22. 为……承担责任 23. 捉迷藏 24. 把……解释为，把……理解为 25. 组成；补足；化妆；编造；和好 guarantee　 evidence　 play jokes on sb.　 have an effect on/upon　 be responsible for　 hide and seek　 interpret...as...　 make up　 26. popular adj.普及的；受欢迎的→ n.流行；普及； 受欢迎 27. adolescence n.青春期→ n.青少年 28. adjust v.调整；调节→ n.调整 29. relate v.相联系，有关联→ adj.相联系的 → n.联系，关联 30. ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ n.无知；愚昧 → adj.无知的；愚昧的 popularity　 adolescent　 adjustment　 related　 relation　 ignorance　 ignorant　 31. assume v.假定，假设→ n.假定，假设 → conj.假定，假设 32. belief n.信念；信条→ n.不信；怀疑；疑惑 assumption　 assuming　 disbelief　 基础考点探究 重点词汇 1. argue vi.争论，争吵vt.证明；表明 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①They argued ⁠ the right to strike. ②It’s no use arguing the question with him for he won’t change his opinion. ③They argued him into ⁠ (cycle) instead of driving there. ④Few people can argue ⁠ the need for improved quality of life. ⑤No one can get the better of her in an ⁠ (argue). for　 about/over　 cycling　 against　 argument　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ⑥我和他争论了一整天，但没能说服他。 ⁠ but failed to convince him. I argued with him about/over it the whole day　 ◎归纳拓展 •argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth.为支持/反对(做)某事而辩论 argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 •argument n.理由；论据；争论 ◎写作素材 argue them into changing their plan说服他们改变计划 argue for the right to be educated据理力争受教育的权利 have the last word in any argument最后说了算 2. reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小；使陷入……境地 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The number of employees was reduced ⁠ 40 to 25. ②The workforce has been reduced ⁠ half. ③All the shirts in my shop have been reduced ￥50. 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④地震后，这个村庄变成了废墟。 The village ⁠ after the earthquake. from　 by　 to　 was reduced to ruins　 ◎归纳拓展 reduce sth.from...to...某物从……减少到…… reduce to...减少到…… reduce by...减少了…… be reduced to沦落为(某种情况或状态) ◎写作素材 reduce a speed减速 be reduced to tears 流下眼泪 the reduction in unemployment失业人数减少 3. result in导致，引起 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The fire resulted ⁠ eleven people being killed and the destruction of the factory. ②His illness mainly resulted ⁠ eating bad food. ③He was injured as ⁠ result of a traffic accident. 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④Hard work resulted in his success. →His success ⁠ hard work. in　 from　 a　 resulted from　 ◎归纳拓展 •result from 意为“由于……而造成后果”，后接导致某事的原因； result in意为“引起；导致”，后接导致某事的结果。 •as a result意为“结果，因此”，后面跟句子。 as a result of...意为“因为；由于；作为……的结果”，后面跟名词 或代词。 ◎写作素材 result in excellent grades取得优异成绩 injuries resulting from a fall因摔倒而受的伤 4. approving adj.赞许的 『练会』 单句语法填空 My niece wanted to associate with her boyfriend known online，but my sister didn’t approve ① it.The girl was desperate for her mother’s ② (approve) and asked me for help.However，I ③ ⁠ (approve) of the dangerous relationship as well. of　 approval　 disapproved　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④如果您批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 →We would be grateful ⁠ ⁠.(approve) →We would be grateful ⁠ ⁠.(approval) if you could approve our proposal　 if you could give your approval to our proposal　 ◎归纳拓展 •approve v.同意；批准；通过 disapprove v.不赞成，反对 approve of赞成，同意 •approval n.赞许；同意 give one’s approval to sth.批准某事 ◎写作素材 will be submitted to the committee for official approval将送交委员会 正式批准 not approve of me leaving school this year不同意我今年离校 give him an approving look对他投以赞许的目光 5. alternative adj.可替代的；另外的n.可供选择的事物 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①It shows bamboo can provide a low-carbon，renewable alternative wood，steel and cement. ②The most recent analysis indicated the higher cost of coal has left it as one of the last ⁠ (alternative) of fuel. to　 alternatives　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③大部分学生别无选择，只能服从父母的命令或者安排。 Most students our parents’ orders or arrangements. had no alternative but to obey　 ◎归纳拓展 alternative energy可替代能源 an alternative to...……的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做…… there is no alternative...别无选择 ◎写作素材 have an alternative solution有一个另外的解决办法 have no alternative but to work hard只有努力工作，别无他法 6. enviable令人羡慕的；引起嫉妒的 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①He was sure that other drivers looked at him ⁠ envy. ②He saw the (envy) look in the other boy’s eyes. ③He is in the ⁠ (envy) position of having two job offers to choose from. ④He ⁠ (envy) her─she seemed to have everything she could possibly want. with　 envious　 enviable　 envied　 『写美』读后续写之人物描写 ⑤不少同学嫉妒和羡慕她漂亮的外表和智慧。 ⁠ and admired her for her good looks and intelligence. Quite a few schoolmates envied　 ◎归纳拓展 •envy vt.羡慕，妒忌n.庆幸(不必做别人非做不可的事)；羡慕，妒忌 envy sb.(sth.)羡慕某人(某事) envy sb.doing sth.羡慕某人做某事 out of envy出于嫉妒 with envy羡慕地 be the envy of...成为……嫉妒/羡慕的对象 •envious adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的 be envious of...羡慕…… ◎写作素材 envy him his good looks羡慕他的英俊面容 look with envy at her dress羡慕地看着她的裙子 7. consequence n.后果；重要性 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter what the ⁠ (consequent) are. ②As consequence，children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas. ③Drunk driving has been banned. (consequent)，the traffic accidents are decreasing. consequences　 a　 Consequently　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④(普通表达)All flights have been delayed as a result of the heavy fog. (高级表达)All flights have been delayed ⁠ the heavy fog. (高级表达)All flights have been delayed ⁠ the heavy fog. as a consequence of　 in consequence of　 ◎归纳拓展 •as a consequence＝in consequence结果，因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于；因为……的缘故 be of no consequence (to sb.)(对某人)无关紧要 •consequent adj.随之发生的；必然的 consequently adv.因此；结果 ◎写作素材 answer for the consequences对后果负责 take/suffer/bear the consequences承担后果 the consequent environmental problems also increasingly become the focus随之而来的环境问题也日益成为人们关注的焦点 8. have an effect on对……产生影响 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①He has now taken ⁠ (effect) control of the country. ②The new law will come ⁠ effect next month. ③ effect，the state decides how many students will go to university. effective　 into　 In　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④他热情洋溢的演讲对我们学校的学生产生了很大的影响。 His passionate speech ⁠ the students in our school. had a great effect on　 ◎归纳拓展 •effect n.效应；功效；影响 come into effect开始实施 in effect实际上；事实上 •effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的 efficiency n.效率；功效 ◎写作素材 have an actual effect 有了实效 have a negative effect产生负面影响 highly effective treatment效果非常显著的治疗方法 9. insist vi.& vt.坚称；坚持主张 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Although Tom insisted that he ⁠ (hand) in his homework yesterday，Mr. Wang still insisted he ⁠ (do) it again. ②The government insisted that plans ⁠ (make) to help those out of work. had handed　 (should) do　 (should) be made　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③学生会坚持要求每一位参与者都应按时到达学校礼堂。 The Students’ Union insists that ⁠ ⁠. every participant (should) arrive at the school hall on schedule　 ◎归纳拓展 insist on sth.坚决主张…… insist on doing sth.坚持要求做某事 insist that sb.(should) do sth.坚持要求某人做某事(虚拟语气) insist that...坚持说，坚持认为(陈述语气) ◎写作素材 insist on a refund of the full amount坚持要求全额退款 insist on high standards of...对……坚持高标准 经典句型 Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed， Dr.Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.尽管这些酷孩子们或许看起来是令 人羡慕的，但是普林斯坦博士的研究显示的却是不尽人意的结果。 [句型公式]　Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed是由as引导的 让步状语从句，其中Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed＝ Although the cool kids may have seemed enviable。 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Cheap this mobile phone is， many people refuse to buy it because it’s out of date. ②Try you may，you won’t be able to persuade him. ③Although he is a child， he likes to be treated like an adult. →Child he is， he likes to be treated like an adult. 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④尽管他们尽力了，但还是没能使她改变主意。 ， they couldn’t make her change her mind.(倒装) as/though　 as/though　 as/though　 Hard as/though they tried　 ◎归纳拓展 as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，此时as也可用though代替。其结 构为： (1)单数可数名词(无冠词)/形容词＋as/though＋主语＋be＋其他成分 (2)动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分 (3)形容词/副词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分 ◎写作素材 Happy as they were， there was something missing.尽管他们很快乐， 但总缺少点什么。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. I have given the matter much thought，examining all the possible ⁠ (alternative). 2. You have the right to make a choice，but you should be responsible ⁠ it. 3. The salesman has to make an appropriate ⁠(adjust) to his strategy to make more profits. 4. I am really (envy) of your good luck—it is a blessing to be offered help by a stranger when in trouble. alternatives　 for　 adjustment　 envious　 5. She (seek) for her children，but they were nowhere to be found. 6. Our English teacher insisted that we ⁠ (imitate) the pronunciation of broadcasters. 7. It is his lack of self-discipline that is related ⁠ his being fired by the company. 8. We want to know whether the drug has an effect ⁠ people’s health. sought　 imitate　 to　 on/upon　 9. Such people always stick their views，even if it means that they may get into trouble. 10. A survey done recently shows that not all parents approve ⁠ their children taking part in the weekend classes. to　 of　 Ⅱ.完成句子 1. The bus driver must (为 乘客的安全负责). 2. (对设计做出了一 些调整)， and now you can make the final decision. 3. (尽管她被发现有罪)，the young lady continued to insist on her innocence. 4. (他们互相争论) about the best place for a holiday. 5. Many species have died out ⁠ (由于人类的活动). be responsible for the passengers’ safety　 I have made a few adjustments to the design　 Guilty as/though she was found　 They argued with each other　 as a consequence of man’s activities　 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) 　　①得知你交友有困难我非常遗憾。 I’m sorry to hear that you ⁠ ⁠. ②每个人都渴望友谊，因此懂得如何交友很重要。 Everyone has a thirst for friendship and ， it is of great significance to know ⁠. are having difficulty in making friends　 as a consequence　 how to make friends　 ③为了交朋友，你可以加入一个俱乐部，这是与有共同兴趣的 人相识的最好的方法。 ， you should join a club， for it is the best way to meet people with common interests. ④为了给人留下良好的印象，衣着整洁、谈吐礼貌和自信是个 好办法。 It would be a great idea to dress neatly and ⁠ ⁠ to create a favorable impression. For the purpose of making friends　 talk politely and confidently　 ⑤记住：当你和他人谈话时，你就是在创造机会建立一份永恒 的友谊。 　　Bear in mind that when you talk to someone， you are creating ⁠. an opportunity to build up an ever-lasting friendship　 Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) 　　①用it作形式主语改写句① ⁠ ⁠ ②用非限制性定语从句改写句③ ⁠ ⁠  　It’s a pity to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends.　  　For the purpose of making friends， you should join a club， which is the best way to meet people with common interests.　 Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　 ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 　　 　It’s a pity to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends.Everyone has a thirst for friendship and as a consequence， it is of great significance to know how to make friends.First of all， for the purpose of making friends， you should join a club， which is the best way to meet people with common interests.In addition， it would be a great idea to dress neatly and talk politely and confidently to create a favorable impression.Last but not least， bear in mind that when you talk to someone， you are creating an opportunity to build up an ever- lasting friendship.　 微型写作——续写提升练 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 　　Living in the shadow of my two elder sisters at college who already had their lives planned out since they were little， I was always undecided about everything. As a teenager， I was fickle (反复无常的). I would like one thing for a week and then hate it the next. But I was constantly searching for the beginning of the rainbow. Changing my dream from a vet to an astronaut， I thought there were various options available to me. However， my parents would shake their heads and repeatedly asked me such questions as， “Why can’t you be more like your sisters？ What are you going to do with your life？ Aren’t you interested in anything at all？” After a couple of shrugs (耸肩)， my parents usually stopped talking. I was not sure if they gave up or anticipated my dull reactions. I often responded， “I couldn’t answer all of your questions now.” Actually， my parents just had high expectations that never seemed to be fulfilled. Plus， like other parents， they just wanted to give the best to me and expected me to achieve success. The arguments with my parents seemed childish. One day， my mother made her thoughts clear， “Your grades aren’t high enough. No schools are going to want you， dear. We didn’t pay so much money for nothing.” Hesitating for a while， I said， “No matter what you say， I believe I will enter a good college.” Still， I let my emotions control myself. Certainly， I had never planned not to go to college. After another debate with my mom， I decided to make a change. No longer would I sit back and let my parents mistake me for a bad boy. It was time to take action. 　　I knew it was a crucial year at high school. Releasing my feelings， I began to collect all the knowledge I had learned and review it with all my heart. I didn’t argue with my parents any more， but instead turned to my sisters for help and tried my best to study. Finally， I took the national college entrance examination with ease and confidence. A few days later， I received a call from my school， saying my college acceptance letter had arrived. Then I hurried to the school with my parents. It was beyond my wildest dream till that moment. As a matter of fact， I doubted then whether I was in the dream. I normally dreaded the long walk to the school. But that day was different. There seemed to be something in the air， an electric current， connecting my body to the letter. When I got it， I was really afraid that the envelop was empty. But there was a white package inside. With my heart beating faster， I wondered whether it could really be what was expected. 　　注意：续写词数应为80左右。 　　My parents excitedly said behind me， “Well， open the envelop！” ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文] 　　 ⁠ ⁠ What I grabbed in my hands contained everything I had been waiting for. Slowly， I opened it and a flash of CONGRATULATIONS in bold bright letters caught my eyes. A feeling of happiness and relief rushed through my body. I was holding my first offer from a good college. My parents excitedly said behind me， “Well， open the envelop！”　 What I grabbed in my hands contained everything I had been waiting for. Slowly， I opened it and a flash of CONGRATULATIONS in bold bright letters caught my eyes. A feeling of happiness and relief rushed through my body. I was holding my first offer from a good college. Needless to say， it wouldn’t have been possible if it weren’t for the countless hours of studying and writing， but most importantly， my parents’ constant reminders， in fact， were the best form of education for me. “Thank you， Mom and Dad！” I said gratefully. Needless to say， it wouldn’t have been possible if it weren’t for the countless hours of studying and writing， but most importantly， my parents’ constant reminders， in fact， were the best form of education for me. “Thank you， Mom and Dad！” I said gratefully. 课时作业 [话题语篇强化] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　(2023·云南昆明调研)We’ve all had a guilty pleasure or two.Maybe it was an awkward TV show that we enjoyed a little bit too much，maybe a song we listened to ironically until it became a bit too unironic. Perhaps a snack which was very disgusting but it wound up coming back around to be delicious，or a movie which was very egregious but it ended up being a fantastic one. Though we often wonder why we enjoy these things，we should really be asking ourselves why we feel guilty for enjoying them. 　　 　　With the obvious exception of things that are harmful to people， our harsh judgment toward ourselves and others over what we enjoy does nothing but harms our individual expression and enjoyment. 　　It’s natural to want to appear “cool” to other people—whatever that may mean to you. With the cultural tendency and the means to share literally anything and everything you enjoy via social media，we perfectly curate (组织) the media we consume to match some sort of the imagined ideal aesthetic (美学)—a trap that’s much too easy to fall into. Don’t fall into the trap！ 　　My point is that the things that hold us back from openly enjoying our “guilty pleasures” often come from completely unfounded places.This is especially true that a teenage girl would rather be misunderstood than admit she likes pink.Frankly，what’s the point？ Who are you proving yourself to，and why do you feel the need to prove yourself？ If you’re not harming anyone，and you are getting happiness from something，then why bother holding yourself back from it just to preserve some kind of curated image of who you’re supposed to be？ 　　Life is hard enough as it is.If you’ve found something that eases the stress of life even just a little bit，hold onto it for dear life.Read a super tacky (俗气的) romance novel. Throw that guilt right out of the window with absolutely no regrets，and do whatever makes you happy. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。不要因为自己喜欢的事情 不被世俗理解而感到罪恶，只要你喜欢的事情对别人无害并且能让 你快乐，就尽情去做吧。 1. What does the underlined word “egregious”mean in the first paragraph？ A. Moving. B. Unpopular. C. Thrilling. D. Unbearable. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词与“fantastic (极好的，了不起 的)”意义相反，分析四个选项可知，D项“Unbearable (无法忍受 的)”与画线词意义最为接近。moving“感人的”；unpopular“不 受欢迎的”；thrilling“令人兴奋不已的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What can we learn from paragraph 3？ A. Most people want to gain recognition from others. B. Social media has a bad impact on self-recognition. C. The cultural tendency sets a standard for the ideal aesthetic. D. People enjoy curating the media that they consume. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。结合第三段中的“It’s natural to want to appear ‘cool’ to other people ...we perfectly curate the media we consume to match some sort of the imagined ideal aesthetic”可知，我们总是想要维护自己的 形象，期待得到别人的认可，故A项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What would hold us back from enjoying “guilty pleasures”？ A. The desire to lead a simple life. B. The intention to show off ourselves. C. The need to admit that we like pink. D. The purpose to guard our ideal image. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“why bother holding yourself back from it just to preserve some kind of curated image of who you’re supposed to be”可以看出，维护自己的完美形象可能会阻碍自己去 享受“罪恶感乐趣”，故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. Which of the following may the author agree with？ A. Finding ways to overcome hard life. B. Setting ourselves free from fixed opinions. C. Having an in-depth talk with ourselves to find our souls. D. Talking with people and making our own decisions. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“some sort of the imagined ideal ... Don’t fall into the trap！”和第四段中的“why bother holding yourself back ...image of who you’re supposed to be”可知，作者建议 读者不要陷入一些想象的理想美学的陷阱，而是要勇敢地摆脱固有 看法，尽情享受生活，故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B 　　(2024·福建福州质检) The researchers drew a conclusion that orphaned (成为孤儿的) elephants would be more stressed out than non- orphans. There’s a lot of evidence that the mother-child bond helps reduce stress in animals， which has been demonstrated previously in rats and birds， says the study leader Jenna Parker. Elephants have complicated social structures and deep family bonds. Because orphaned elephants in the same region died at a higher rate than elephants with living mothers， it seemed like a no-brainer that surviving orphans would be stressed out. 　　The team， however， made an unexpected finding： There really wasn’t a difference in the stress hormone (激素) levels of orphaned and non-orphaned elephants， as long as they lived with family members， such as aunts， cousins， or brothers and sisters. Elephants—even the orphans—that lived in groups with fellows of their own age turned out to be under less stress than those that didn’t. 　　Parker recalls two orphans in the study， Frida and Rothko. “Frida had a non-functional left ear and Rothko had a non-functional right ear， and they were inseparable，” she says. “It was as though they had at least one good set of ears as long as they were together！” The findings also fit with previous social research in African elephants， Parker says. “Orphans increase interaction with their age mates after their mother’s death.” She notes that dominance is structured by age in elephants： Older elephants may outrank younger elephants when it comes to food， for example， but elephants of the same age are generally equals. 　　With human-wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region， the findings published today in Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group may contribute to elephants’ survival. This information could also help recovery facilities that take in orphaned elephants set the animals up for a successful future in the wild—releasing them in large groups of bonded fellows， for example. “The bottom line here is that elephants need elephants，” says Parker. “And when the worst happens， like losing a mother， some find new ways to survive and grow happily.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孤儿大象 失去母亲之后，同伴的陪伴可以帮助孤儿大象们缓解压力，继而延 长它们的寿命。 5. Why are family bonds and social structures mentioned in paragraph 1？ A. To prove their connection. B. To explain their meanings. C. To show their significance. D. To clarify their differences. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“There’s a lot of evidence that the mother-child bond helps reduce stress in animals...”和第三句“Elephants have complicated social structures and deep family bonds.”以及第二段可知，文中提到家庭关系和社会结构是为了说 明它们对大象的重要意义。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. Which statement may Parker agree with？ A. Non-orphans outrank orphans in elephants. B. Orphaned elephants are in need of their age mates. C. Older elephants tend to attend to younger elephants. D. Orphaned elephants prefer interaction with older elephants. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，事实证明，与同龄大象 生活在一起的大象包括孤儿大象所承受的压力比那些不与同龄大象 生活在一起的大象要小；再结合第三段中的“Orphans increase interaction with their age mates after their mother’s death.”可知， Parker可能会同意孤儿大象需要同龄伙伴的说法。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What does the author think of the team’s research findings？ A. They’re baseless. B. They’re novel. C. They’re original. D. They’re predictable. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With human-wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region， the findings published today in Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group may contribute to elephants’ survival.”可知，作者认为 这个团队的研究成果给拥有强大的同伴群体如何有助于大象的生存 提出了新的见解，即作者认为这个团队的研究成果是新颖的。故选 B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A. Hunting and Drought Are Major Threats to Elephants B. Human Protection Helps Orphaned Elephants Survive C. Living with Older Elephants May Contribute to Survival D. Friends May Be Key to Stress Relief for Orphaned Elephants 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍研究发现，孤儿大 象能从同龄大象那里得到帮助和陪伴，缓解压力，从而延长寿命。 再结合文中第二段内容可知，与同龄大象生活在一起的大象包括孤 儿大象所承受的压力比那些不与同龄大象生活在一起的大象要小。 由此可知，D项(朋友可能是孤儿大象缓解压力的关键)最适合作为 文章的标题。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　(2024·1月九省联考)I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.My phone was  　1　，too.I managed to get to a gas station，but it was Sunday in the early fall，and there was no  　2　 on duty.I was working my way through university then and had little money for  　3　 the car. I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 　4　 the heat when an older gentleman  　5　 to fuel his car.He asked about my car， and I  　6　 my predicament (困境).To my  　7　，the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age，and then he opened his trunk and  　8　 a tool set. Right then and there，this total  　9　 examined my engine， explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were  　10　 to function.After about an hour，he  　11　 that my car was safe to finish the trip.  　12　 came at the hands of a stranger. 　13　 his clothes， working on a hot September afternoon，this man  　14　 a college student from disaster，just because she could have been his  　15　 . 　　【语篇解读】　本文讲述了一位大学生在旅途中车辆抛锚，幸 运的是，一位陌生的绅士主动提供帮助，修理了她的车并确保她能 继续安全行驶的故事。 1. A. busy B. loud C. dead D. secure 答案：C busy忙碌的；loud大声的；dead没电的；secure安全的。由上文 “my car broke down”及空格后的“too”可知，作者的车抛锚了。 紧接着提到手机，结合常识可知，当车抛锚在路上时，手机“没电 (dead)”会增加困境，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. mechanic B. policeman C. manager D. guide 答案：A mechanic机修工；policeman警察；manager经理；guide导游。由上 文的“a gas station”及空后的“on duty”可知，作者希望找到能修 车的人，而通常在加油站负责维修的是“机修工(mechanic)”，故 选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. washing B. parking C. purchasing D. maintaining 答案：D wash清洗；park停车；purchase购买；maintain维修。由上文的 “my car broke down”和空格所在句中“had little money for  　3　 the car”可知，作者当时在上大学，经济拮据，无法负担汽车的 “维修(maintaining)”费用，故选D项。 wash清洗；park停车；purchase购买；maintain维修。由上文的 “my car broke down”和空格所在句中“had little money for  　3　 the car”可知，作者当时在上大学，经济拮据，无法负担汽车的 “维修(maintaining)”费用，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. feel B. beat C. absorb D. produce 答案：B feel感觉；beat击败；absorb吸收；produce生产。由空后的“the heat”可推知，作者试图在炎热的天气中“击败(beat)”高温，即找 办法减轻炎热的影响，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. promised B. refused C. stopped D. volunteered 答案：C promise承诺；refuse拒绝；stop停下；volunteer自愿做。由“an older gentleman  　5　 to fuel his car”可知，这位绅士是在加油站 “停下(stopped)”加油时注意到了作者，故选C项。 promise承诺；refuse拒绝；stop停下；volunteer自愿做。由“an older gentleman  　5　 to fuel his car”可知，这位绅士是在加油站 “停下(stopped)”加油时注意到了作者，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. solved B. noticed C. escaped D. explained 答案：D solve解决；notice注意到；escape逃脱；explain解释。由上文的 “He asked about my car”及空后的“my predicament”可知，这位 绅士询问作者的情况，作者随后“解释(explained)”了自己的困 境，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. surprise B. regret C. amusement D. disappointment 答案：A surprise惊讶；regret后悔；amusement娱乐；disappointment失望。 由下文内容可知，这位绅士表示愿意帮助作者，这让作者感到“惊 讶(surprise)”，因为通常不会期待一个陌生人会如此乐于助人，故 选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. called up B. pulled out C. put down D. threw away 答案：B call up打电话；pull out拿出；put down放下；throw away扔掉。由 下文的“examined my engine”可知，这位绅士从自己的汽车后备 厢中“拿出(pulled out)”工具箱来检查作者的车，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. liar B. beginner C. stranger D. loser 答案：C liar骗子；beginner新手；stranger陌生人；loser失败者。结合上文语 境和描述可知，这位绅士是一位“陌生人(stranger)”，作者之前并 不认识他，文章最后一段首句也有提示，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. free B. ready C. uncertain D. unable 答案：D free自由的；ready准备好的；uncertain不确定的；unable无法。由 上文“my spark plugs hadn’t been changed for so long”可知，因为 火花塞长时间没有更换，已“无法(unable)”正常工作，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. pronounced B. agreed C. discovered D. doubted 答案：A pronounce宣称；agree同意；discover发现；doubt怀疑。由下文的 “my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，这位绅士在修理后“宣称 (pronounced)”作者的车可以安全地继续行驶，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. Tiredness B. Kindness C. Loneliness D. Carefulness 答案：B tiredness疲劳；kindness善良；loneliness孤独；carefulness谨慎。由 “the hands of a stranger”可知，作者想要表达的是她在困境中接收 到了一位陌生人的“善意(Kindness)”，这与整体故事情节相符， 故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. Folding B. Drying C. Soiling D. Mending 答案：C fold折叠；dry弄干；soil弄脏；mend修补。由下文的“working on a hot September afternoon”可推知，这位绅士在炎热的下午工作，弄 脏了自己的衣服，“Soiling”在此处最符合语境，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. saved B. called C. judged D. banned 答案：A save救助；call呼叫；judge评判；ban禁止。由下文的“from disaster”可知，这位绅士“救助(saved)”了作者，使作者免于遭受 灾难，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. friend B. daughter C. coworker D. customer 答案：B friend朋友；daughter女儿；coworker同事；customer顾客。由上文 的“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”可知，这 位绅士之所以帮助作者，是因为作者可能和他的“女儿 (daughter)”年龄相仿，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$