话题12 创新与创业意识-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境一　人与自我 主题（二） 做人与做事 话题12 创新与创业意识 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础考点探究 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 高考真题精研 Passage 1　 阅读理解(2023·全国乙卷·B) 　　Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge， mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar， either farm fields or highways，sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake， Wisconsin，to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks， we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However，we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place，it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still， looking back on the photos，they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了美国艾奥瓦州的一 位摄影师的拍摄日常，为了拍出优秀的风景照，摄影师付出了很 多，其中不乏艰辛，当然有收获也有遗憾。 24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest？ A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“To make some of my landscape shots...I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可 知，作者和他的朋友们到州立公园或农村去拍照，以此来应对中西 部缺少地理多样性的挑战。故B项正确。 25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author？ A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，在恰当的时间到达恰当的地 点对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。第三段的最后一 句验证了作者所说。故A项正确。 26. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake？ A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D. They had problems with their equipment. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“However，we did not mark the route ...it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.”可知，文中描述的是几乎完全错过了日落，之后安置拍摄设 备的时间就非常有限了，也就是说他们比预想的到达得晚。故C项 正确。 27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake？ A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still，looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots”可知，作者认为这是一些自己拍得 最好的照片。故B项正确。 【词汇识记】 1. geographical adj.地理(学)的 2. variation n.(数量、水平等的)变化；变异；变更 3. distinctive adj.独特的 4. frame n.帧；框架 5. decisive adj.决定性的；关键的；果断的 6. hang v.悬挂 7. specialize in专攻，专门研究 8. tend to do sth.往往会做某事 9. enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 10. on the spot在现场 11. a bunch of一串，一束；大量 12. the corn state产玉米的州 13. up to多达 14. due to由于 15. end up doing sth.以……而告终 16. deal with应付，处理 17. team up with团队合作 【难句分析】 1. Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape can be quite a challenge， mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. [译文选择] A. 住在艾奥瓦州并且想成为一名专门研究风景的摄影师可能是一 项相当大的挑战，这主要是因为这个玉米州缺乏地理差异。 B. 住在艾奥瓦州并且想成为一名专门研究风景的摄影师可能是一 项相当大的挑战，这主要是因为这个玉米州有太大的地理差异。 (A) A [结构分析] Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer 是动名词作主 语；specializing in landscape是现在分词短语作a photographer 的定 语；mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation是状语 从句。 2. Still，looking back on the photos，they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. [译文选择] A. 回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的照片中的一部分，尽管我 已经做好了准备并明智地管理了时间，可是它们本来会更好。 B. 回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的照片中的一部分，尽管如 果我能做好准备并合理管理我的时间，它们可以拍得更好。 (　) B [结构分析] looking back on the photos是现在分词短语作状语；they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely是虚拟语气句。 Passage 2　 阅读理解(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·B) 　　When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college， John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？ With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First， he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks，John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco- machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！ Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water. Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。约翰从小就喜欢观察大自 然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，约 翰通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了“生态设计”，并解 决了很多实际的污水净化问题。 24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”和 第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，约翰是一个喜欢刨 根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。long to do sth.“渴望做某 事”。 25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，约翰修建水箱是为了清理污泥 中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的 “all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变 化。据此可以推断，约翰在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机 器的效果，故D项正确。 26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 答案：B 推理判断题。上文讲到了约翰的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句 “Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.”可知，多年来， 约翰做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例 说明约翰的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。A“为了 回顾约翰的研究计划”；B“为了展示约翰的理念的实际应用”； C“为了比较约翰的不同工作”；D“为了消除对约翰的发明的怀 疑”。 27. What is the basis for John’s work？ A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 答案：A 推理判断题。本文主要围绕约翰的疑问“A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”展开，约翰发明的根源就在于 自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”也印证了约翰的工作 依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念，故A项正确。 【词汇识记】 1. fishery n.水产业 2. substance n.物质；物品；东西 3. fiberglass n.玻璃纤维 4. digest v.消化 5. creature n.生物 6. process n.过程；进程；流程；步骤 v.处理；加工 adj.处理过的 7. trap n.陷阱；困境 vt.夹住；卡住；使陷入困境；设陷阱捕捉 8. treat vt.治疗；处理；对待；把……视为；招待 n.款待；乐 趣；乐事 9. design n.设计；布局；安排；构思 vt.设计；制造 10. organism n.生物；(尤指)微生物；有机体 11. clean up清理，清除 12. a series of一系列 13. the messes混乱；脏乱 14. be/get used to (doing) sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事” 【难句分析】 1. With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured， maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. [译文选择] A. 他认为，如果让动物和植物正确结合，也许他就能以大自然的 方式清理垃圾。 B. 他认为，如果动物和植物正确结合，也许他可以清理大自然里 面的垃圾。(　) A [结构分析] he figured是插入语； nature did是先行词为the way的定语从句，did 代替cleaned up waste。 2. Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor... [译文选择] A. 对于发明者来说，地球上的生命就像某种盒子里的零配件…… B. 对于发明者来说，地球上的生命有点像一盒零配件……(　) [结构分析] 这是一个简单句。kind of意为“有点儿，有几分”。 B [话题词汇回测] 1. adj.地理(学)的 2. adj.独特的 3. n.帧；框架 4. adj.决定性的；关键的；果断的； 5. v.悬挂 6. n.物质；物品；东西 7. v.消化 8. n.生物 geographical　 distinctive　 frame　 decisive　 hang　 substance　 digest　 creature　 9. n.过程；进程；流程；步骤 v.处理；加工 adj.处 理过的 10. n.陷阱；困境 vt.夹住；卡住；使陷入困境；设陷 阱捕捉 11. vt.治疗；处理；对待；把……视为；招待 n.款待；乐 趣；乐事 12. n.设计；布局；安排；构思 vt.设计；制造 13. 专攻，专门研究 14. 往往会做某事 process　 trap　 treat　 design　 specialize in　 tend to do sth.　 15. 使某人能够做某事 16. 在现场 17. 一串，一束；大量 18. 多达 19. 由于 20. 以……而告终 21. 应付，处理 22. 团队合作 23. 清理，清除 enable sb. to do sth.　 on the spot　 a bunch of　 up to　 due to　 end up doing sth.　 deal with　 team up with　 clean up　 24. 一系列 25. 混乱；脏乱 26. 习惯于(做)某事 a series of　 the messes　 be/get used to (doing) sth.　 基础考点探究 重点词汇 1. end up以……告终，以……结束 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Travelling with friends can be an absolutely amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could end up ⁠ (ruin) your friendship. ②Anderson was born into a poor family，but ended up ⁠ one of the greatest writers of his time. ruining　 as　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③如果你花时间和精力去做这件事，你最终会有更多的朋友。 If you take the time and effort to do this，you’ll ⁠ ⁠. end up with more friends　 ◎归纳拓展 end up doing sth.最终/最后做某事 end up with 以……结束 end up in 以……告终，结果为…… end up as最终成为 ◎写作素材 that’s what you’ll end up with那就是将来你的下场 maybe you’ll end up as a lawyer，like me也许你会像我一样，最终成 为一名律师 you’ll end up getting burned最后会烧到你自己 2. due to由于，因为 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Rose is due ⁠ (start) school in January. ②When it comes to giving due respect the old people，she feels a bit awkward. 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③正是由于他不断的努力，他在职业生涯中取得了巨大成就。 ⁠ that he made great achievements in his career. to start　 to　 It was due to/owing to/because of/on account of his ongoing effort　 ◎归纳拓展 •due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的 be due to do sth.预定/预期做某事 •表示“因为”的短语还有because of，on account of，owing to， thanks to等，这些短语都不能直接作谓语。 ◎写作素材 be due in part to luck在某种程度上是由于运气好 be due to human error由于人为错误 3. treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①My mother is strongly opposed to my father treating me ⁠ junk food. ②He documented his journey as he set about treating nature ⁠ a brand to be marketed to young people. ③All of the patients were under ⁠ (treat) for chronic depression. to　 as　 treatment　 『写美』 读后续写之心理描写 ④玛丽因被当作小孩对待而生气。 Mary was angry at ⁠. being treated like/as a child　 ◎归纳拓展 •treat...as...把……看作……；把……视为…… treat sb.with...以……方式对待某人 treat sb.to...用……招待/款待某人 •treatment n.诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 under treatment在治疗中 ◎写作素材 receive treatment for shock 接受休克治疗 treat people with respect 对人尊敬 treat him to lunch 请他吃午饭 4. be/get used to (doing) sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事” 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Now he has got used to ⁠ (go) to work by bike. ②Knives are used ⁠ (cut) things. going　 to cut　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③这个可以用来做相同的事情。 ⁠ ④她将会习惯于早起。 ⁠ ⑤我过去经常在清晨去取邮件。 ⁠ It can be used to do the same thing.　 She will be used to getting up early.　 I used to get the mail early in the morning.　 ◎归纳拓展 •used to do sth.表示“过去经常做某事”，现在已经不再做了 •be used to do sth.表示“被用于做某事”，是被动语态 ◎写作素材 not what it used to be不是以前那个样子了 used to go sailing on the lake in summer从前在夏天经常泛舟湖上 经典句型 1. With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured， maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.他认为，如果让 动物和植物正确结合，也许他就能以大自然的方式清理垃圾。 [句型公式]　the way后的定语从句中的关系副词用in which或that代 替，也可以省略。 ①The way ⁠ came up at the meeting was unpractical. ②And you should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way ⁠ (improve) your study. 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③你能告诉我你是怎么解决这个问题的吗？ Can you tell me the way ⁠？ that/which　 to improve　 (in which/that)you solved the problem　 『练会』 单句语法填空 ◎归纳拓展 •way后跟定语从句时，关系代词用that或which，作宾语时可以省 略；需要关系副词时用that、in which或省略。 •way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可以跟不定式或of doing sth. 的形式。 ◎写作素材 The first thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important.我要说的第一件事就是，你开始 谈话的方式非常重要。 2. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.他决 定建造一台他后来称之为“生态机器”的机器。 [句型公式]　what 引导的宾语从句。 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①He said ⁠ he needed at that time was a good meal. ②I made a list of ⁠ we needed to buy in the supermarket. ③I truly believe ⁠ beauty comes from within. what　 what　 that　 『写美』 读后续写之心理描写 ④让我焦虑的是她是否会因为我的过错而不再爱我。 ⁠ is whether she will stop loving me because of my faults. What makes me anxious　 ◎归纳拓展 •what 除了引导宾语从句外，还可以引导主语从句、表语从句和同 位语从句。 •what引导的名词性从句在句中作成分时，可充当从句的主语、宾 语或表语。 ◎写作素材 I thought in my heart that she was no longer what she used to be，so I couldn’t look at her with the same old eyes.我心里想，她已经不再是 过去的她了，所以我不能再用原来的眼光来看待她。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. ⁠ made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read in English. 2. The best way of finding a lawyer is through personal ⁠ (recommend). 3. Hearing the bad news that their son died in the earthquake， the couple burst ⁠ tears. 4. It struck me that I could treat the girl ⁠ an absorbing drama in return for her help. What　 recommendation　 into　 to　 5. His vehicle broke down halfway to the shelter due ⁠ lack of gas. 6. Many people expressed a strong ⁠ (prefer) for the original plan. 7. It is widely ⁠(recognise) that chasing stimulation online is bad for your academic work. 8. The young couple used to drink coffee，but now they get used to ⁠ (drink) tea. 9. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up ⁠ (agree) with the writer after all. 10. A year after his (retire)， he began to work as a businessman. to　 preference　 recognised　 drinking　 agreeing　 retirement　 Ⅱ.完成句子 1. You don’t need to do much to ⁠ (改变别人的生活). 2. (使他如此兴奋的事情) is that he has got the first place in the match. 3. I don’t like (你 对你妈妈说话的方式). 4. Something new has just come up and ⁠ (我必须马上去处理一下). 5. (据估计) he has gone abroad for further education. make a difference to others’ lives　 What makes him so excited　 the way (in which/that) you speak to your mother　 I must go and deal with it immediately　 It is estimated that　 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) 　　①菲利普是一个谨慎的美国蔬菜水果商。他发明了一款新式的 自行车。 Philip was a ⁠ American greengrocer.He invented a new style bicycle. cautious　 ②他给专利局打电话为他的新产品申请专利。不久，他就获得 了专利。 He the patent office ⁠ for his new product.Soon， he ⁠ for his new product. called up　 to apply for a patent　 got the patent　 ③在实际使用过程中，他发现他的新产品没有达到标准。 He found ⁠ in the process of practical use. 　　④他开始抓住机会来改善他的新式自行车。 He began to ⁠ his new bicycle. his new product didn’t live up to the criteria　 seize the chance to improve　 ⑤他忍受批评，期望自己的产品能经受得住检验。 He endured criticism and was in the ⁠ that his new product could ⁠. ⑥这样，他的收入得到了稳定的增长。 In this way， his income ⁠. expectation　 bear the test　 had a stable increase　 Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) 　　①用定语从句升级句① Philip was ⁠ ⁠. ②用词组set about升级句④中的began to He ⁠ his new bicycle. a cautious American greengrocer who invented a new style bicycle　 set about seizing the chance to improve　 Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　 ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 　　 　Philip was a cautious American greengrocer who invented a new style bicycle.At once，he called up the patent office to apply for a patent for his new product.Soon， he got the patent for his new product.But later，he found his new product didn’t live up to the criteria in the process of practical use.He set about seizing the chance to improve his new bicycle.He endured criticism and was in the expectation that his new product could bear the test.In this way， his income had a stable increase.　 微型写作——续写提升练 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容写出最后两段内所空出的四个句 子，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　When I was a kid in Pennsylvania， my family rehabilitated (使康 复) wild animals. I grew up with animals running around the house. We would go travelling to Bermuda and I would watch the whales off the shore. I fell in love with them and wanted to know more about what they got up to underwater. Now I’ve been studying whales for more than 30 years and I am the president of the Center for Whale Research and Conservation. In 2017， I was on a boat around Rarotonga in the Cook Islands， working on a film about whale conservation. The crew wanted to get more footage of me in the water with the humpback whales—I often slip in quietly to record their behaviour for research. Seeing a couple of humpbacks in the distance， I slid off the boat wearing a mask and swam towards them. As I was approaching， one of the male humpbacks came right up to me， touching me with his head and pushing me through the water. It caught me off-guard—in 33 years of doing this work， this had never happened. I put my arm out and tried to push myself away while he attempted to roll up me under his pectoral fin (胸鳍). My scientist brain was in overdrive as I tried to work out what he was doing. I felt a mixed sense of excitement and fear. Then the whale swam underneath me and lifted me out of the water on his fin. I signaled to the boat， then—swoosh—I was pushed back under. After minutes of being pushed around by the humpback， I saw what I thought was a second， smaller whale. But then I noticed the tail—whales move theirs up and down， and this one was moving side to side. I realized with horror that it belonged to a huge， 18-foot tiger shark. Tiger sharks are known to attack people， sometimes fatally (致 命地). The shark had arched its body， which meant that it was in attack mode. ① ⁠ I yelled out to the boat， but before I knew it， the whale had positioned me on the front of his head and was gracefully racing through the water. It was terrifying and yet peaceful. Within minutes， the whale had safely returned me to the boat and out of the shark’s way. I felt love， concern and care from the whale. I told the whale that I loved him and thanked him as he swam off. ② ⁠ ⁠ Panic rose and ran through me as I realized what a situation I was in. 　 With a mixture of relief and gratitude， I returned to the boat， my heart still pounding.　 Just over a year later， I was on a boat in the same area when I heard of a whale sighting in the harbour. ③ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ I headed there and saw the whale who had protected me. I recognized him from the signs in his tail and the wounded mark on his head. I slid overboard and swam towards him； he approached and looked at me in the eye. I rubbed his face and he extended his pectoral fin. I began to cry.④ ⁠ It was a lovely reunion！ Memories of that astonishing encounter with the humpback whale were still vivid in my mind.　 I swam back to the boat and he stayed around for about 20 minutes after I got back on it.　 课时作业 [话题语篇强化] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·浙江绍兴期中) I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science.When someone hears what I study，I usually face two reactions.First is a small smile with the word “overachiever”on the tip of their tongue.The second is a look of confusion，followed by an exaggerated (夸张的) “Why？”.The short answer is I want to be a problem solver，and that engineering teaches me how to become that type of person.In addition，I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture. It’s the beginning of a new year，and a lot of first-years have plans for double or triple majors.However，as most of us quickly realize after that first fall semester，college is a lot！ We are unavoidably forced to make choices—do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors work or do we completely switch gears？ The thing I wished someone told me on day one is if you’re passionate about something，it’s not going to feel like work.Political Science can be challenging，but to me，it’s fun to read the Constitution (宪法) and see the impact each word has on our interpretation. This may sound hard to accept，but if you are making double or triple majors because you think you’re in a race with your peers， you’re only running yourself into the ground.Don’t double or triple majors if you are doing it for a mark on your résumé (简历)，because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it be in your study，career，or something else your career and study will enable you to do. Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedules the double or triple majors entail.Because at the end of the day，it’s going to be you doing the homework—so try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth. 　　【语篇解读】　本文主要论述了“大学生不要为了竞争而 盲目选择多个专业，一定要出于热情和激情去选择多个专业” 这一观点。 1. How do people tend to feel about the writer’s majors？ A. Impressed or puzzled. B. Ashamed or challenged. C. Satisfied or confused. D. Amazed or concerned. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。明题意：本题问“对于作者的专业，人们往往有什么 感受？”→寻线索：根据第一段中的第三、四句可知，当人们听到 作者的专业时，有的会很佩服，有的会很困惑→定答案：A项“佩 服的或困惑的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What enables the writer to enjoy learning Political Science？ A. The value of studying the Constitution. B. The influence of learning engineering. C. His career planning for the future. D. His enthusiasm for the major. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Political Science can ...on our interpretation.”可知，尽管政治学可能具有挑战性，但对作者来 说，阅读《宪法》是很有趣的。根据第三段中“What is going...you to do.”可知，让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你 的学习、职业生涯中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他 事情中。据此可以推知，对专业的热情和激情使得作者喜欢学习政 治学。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. According to the author，what causes multiple majors’ hard situation in college？ A. Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly. B. Pursuing multiple majors out of the competitive motivation. C. Making random choices without sufficient consideration. D. Estimating the difficulty of multiple majoring inaccurately. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，在作者看来，选择多个专业 会让大学生们处于糟糕的状况中的原因是，他们只是为了跟同龄人 竞争才选择多个专业。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text？ A. To promote the concept of multiple majoring. B. To explain the reasons for choosing double majors. C. To compare the gains and losses of multiple majoring. D. To stress the significance of the passion in multiple majoring. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 写作意图题。根据第三段中的“What is going...enable you to do.” 可知，让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、 职业生涯中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他事情中。 根据最后一段最后一句内容可知，要试着享受你在旅途中所做的一 切，据此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们要带着激情去 选择专业，强调激情在多专业中的重要性。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B 　　(2023·福建福州质检)Tetraplegic patients(those who can’t move their upper or lower body) are prisoners of their own bodies.Now a robot arm is to help them interact with their world.This research was completed by researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL).Professor Aude Billard and Jose del R. Millan worked together to create a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals from a patient’s brain. 　　First，the user wears an EEG cap to have their electrical signals inside their brain scanned (扫描)effectively，which are then interpreted by the machine-learning algorithm (算法).The computer then sends signals to the robot arm to determine how it moves.As the robot arm performs a motion，the algorithm is looking to get feedback from the user when it makes a mistake：perhaps it moved too fast，or too violently.The end goal is that the robot can learn the right movements for a task in a given context.For example，you might want the arm to use a bit of force to throw a paper ball，but you might want it to be gentler when putting glass bottles. 　　In the team’s research，they trained the robot arm to pick up a glass.The arm would move towards the glass and the users’ brain would decide if they felt it was too close or too far away.The process is repeated until the robot understands the ⁠ route for the individual’s preference—not too close to be a risk but not so far away to waste movement. optimal　 　　“Training an algorithm to read brain waves in a consistent fashion was the most challenging part，because the brain is not only focused on the hand but also processing many other things，”said Millan.“This means our algorithm will never be 100％ accurate.” 　　The researchers hope to eventually use their algorithm to control wheelchairs，which would allow people in wheelchairs to have greater control over their movements，speeds and general safety.However， this does require consistency over time from the algorithm. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的 研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患 者可以用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。 5. Which paragraph mentions the working process？ A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph 4. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了机器人手臂 的操作流程。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What does the underlined word“optimal”in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Indirect. B. Best. C. Regular. D. Alternative. 答案：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容可知，既不会太近而有风险，又 不会太远而浪费动作。由此可知，最终机器人会了解适合个体偏好 的最佳路线，所以optimal意为“最佳的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. How can the accuracy of reading brain waves be improved？ A. By controlling people’s brain. B. By ensuring general safety. C. By processing other information. D. By gaining data continuously. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，电脑读取脑电波的精确度 永远不可能达到100％；再结合最后一段最后一句“However，this does require consistency over time from the algorithm.”可知，通过不 断获取数据才能提高电脑读取脑电波的准确性，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What could be the best title for the text？ A. This Robot Arm Can Read Your Mind B. Robot Arms Control Your Movement C. Algorithm Finds Cure for the Disabled D. Machine-learning Algorithm Can Train Robots 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究， 为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以 用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。故A项最适合作文章标题。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章从旅游的最佳时间、 旅行社的运作流程以及选择一个有专长的旅行代理商等方面针对家 庭旅行提出了几点建议。 　　(2023·江苏南京六校调研) Planning a family trip？ Let the professionals handle it. 　　In the ever-evolving world of travel，using a travel professional to decode your family vacation options can really pay off. Here are several things to bear in mind： 　　Is it travel time？ 　　Planning a vacation takes time，knowledge，patience and perseverance. While the pace of change has slowed，keeping track of the global landscape can still be incredible.  　1　 He or she uses his or her experience and skills to make even the most complicated travel schedule a reality. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Choose a specialist. B. Choose a destination. C. This is where a travel agent can come into play. D. Travel agents can provide you with a rewarding holiday. E. Travel agents earn money by offering their service in various ways. F. Travel agents benefit a lot from their planning the travel route for you. G. Those professionals can select the brand that best matches your travel expectations. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前的“keeping track of the global landscape can still be incredible”和空后的“He or she uses ...schedule a reality.”可知，空 处内容应承上启下，讲述旅行代理商在旅行当中所起的作用。C项 “这正是旅行代理商发挥作用的地方”符合语境。故选C。下文的 he or she指代C项中的a travel agent。 1 2 3 4 5 　　Know how it works. 　　 　2　 Some get paid by travel suppliers such as a hotel or restaurant. Others charge consulting fees sometimes determined by the number of people traveling and the complexity of the trip. Still，others rely on a combination of both. Families also benefit from top agents’ access to upgrades and value-added options. Should your trip take an unwelcome turn，a good agent will help with canceled flights，health challenges or the need for a last-minute shift in the travel schedule. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Choose a specialist. B. Choose a destination. C. This is where a travel agent can come into play. D. Travel agents can provide you with a rewarding holiday. E. Travel agents earn money by offering their service in various ways. F. Travel agents benefit a lot from their planning the travel route for you. G. Those professionals can select the brand that best matches your travel expectations. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 分析语境寻线索：根据本段小标题“Know how it works.”和空后 的“Some get paid ...Others charge ...others rely on a combination of both.”可知，有些人的报酬来自旅馆或餐厅等旅游供应商，其他人 通过收取咨询费获取报酬，还有一些人的报酬来源是这两者的结合 →对比选项定答案：E项“旅行代理商通过以各种方式提供他们的 服务来赚钱”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 　　  　3　 　　If you are eager to visit a ski resort or explore a specific city， region or country，using an agent with that specialty can give you a bonus.  　4　 They’ll know how to book the best cabins，sort through the meal and activity options and provide insight into how each member of the family might make the most of the sailing. 1 2 3 4 5 　　  　3　 A. Choose a specialist. B. Choose a destination. C. This is where a travel agent can come into play. D. Travel agents can provide you with a rewarding holiday. E. Travel agents earn money by offering their service in various ways. F. Travel agents benefit a lot from their planning the travel route for you. G. Those professionals can select the brand that best matches your travel expectations. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 分析语境寻线索：根据空处所在位置可知，空处应为本段小标题； 再结合本段内容尤其是“using an agent with that specialty can give you a bonus”可知，本段旨在建议选择一个有专长的旅行代理商→ 对比选项定答案：A项“选择一个专家”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 　　If you are eager to visit a ski resort or explore a specific city， region or country，using an agent with that specialty can give you a bonus.  　4　 They’ll know how to book the best cabins，sort through the meal and activity options and provide insight into how each member of the family might make the most of the sailing. 1 2 3 4 5 　　  　3　 A. Choose a specialist. B. Choose a destination. C. This is where a travel agent can come into play. D. Travel agents can provide you with a rewarding holiday. E. Travel agents earn money by offering their service in various ways. F. Travel agents benefit a lot from their planning the travel route for you. G. Those professionals can select the brand that best matches your travel expectations. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前的“using an agent with that specialty can give you a bonus” 可知，找一个有这方面专长的旅行代理商会给你带来额外的好处； 再结合空后的“They’ll know how to book the best ...most of the sailing.”可知，空处内容应是对专业人士会带来什么样的好处的具 体阐述，故G项正确。空后的they指代G项中的those professionals。 1 2 3 4 5 　　Spend your time well. 　　Whether you’re traveling with the kids or with the extended family for a milestone birthday or an anniversary celebration，you no doubt hope to return with treasured memories rather than tales of a trip going wrong.  　5 。　 　　With more families learning and working at home，a good agent can help zero in on destinations and lodging options that can maximize your current lifestyle. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Choose a specialist. B. Choose a destination. C. This is where a travel agent can come into play. D. Travel agents can provide you with a rewarding holiday. E. Travel agents earn money by offering their service in various ways. F. Travel agents benefit a lot from their planning the travel route for you. G. Those professionals can select the brand that best matches your travel expectations. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 根据空前内容可知，无论是和孩子们一起旅行，还是和大家庭一起 庆祝里程碑式的生日或周年纪念，你都希望带着珍贵的回忆回来， 由此可推知，D项“旅行代理商可以为你提供一个值得的假期”符 合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项考古 发现：世界上最古老的硬币铸造厂。 　　(2023·安徽十校联考)Archaeologists in China have recently found the world’s oldest known coin manufacturing site. The site 1. 　　　　　　(use) to make metal money around 2，600 years ago. It is located in the ancient city of Guanzhuang， in 2. 　　　　　　is now China’s Henan Province. 1. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：大约2 600年前，这 个地方被用来制造金属货币。设空处在句中作谓语，主语the site与 use之间为被动关系，用被动语态；around 2，600 years ago是具体 的过去时间，谓语动词用一般过去时；主谓the site为单数。故填 was used。 答案：was used 2. 考查名词性从句。句意：它位于现在中国河南省的官庄遗址。根 据句意再结合空前的介词in可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺 少主语，指“……的东西”，故填what。 答案：what 　　Using radiocarbon (放射性碳) dating， the researchers came to the 3. 　　　　　　 (conclude) that the workshop began minting (铸造) operations between 640 BCE and 550 BCE. The discovery of the coin mint is 4. 　　　　　　 (true) exciting as it shows the existence of a very old coin workshop. 3. 考查词性转换。句意：利用放射性碳定年法，研究人员得出结 论，该作坊在公元前640年至公元前550年之间开始铸造。空前为定 冠词，设空处应填名词，在句中作came to的宾语，故填 conclusion。come to the conclusion为固定搭配，意为“得出结 论”。 答案：conclusion 4. 考查词性转换。句意：铸币厂的发现确实令人兴奋，因为它表明 了一个非常古老的硬币作坊的存在。设空处修饰后面的形容词 exciting，表示“确实”，应用副词truly。 答案：truly 　　The coins 5. 　　　　　　 (make) at the workshop are “spade money”. They replaced 6. 　 　　　　　(shell) during the Spring and Autumn Period.The workshop was close to the city’s administrative center， 7. 　　　　　　 suggests that it may have begun minting coins on government orders. 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作坊里制造的硬币是“铲币”。are为 本句的系动词，动词make与其之间无连接词，应用非谓语动词形 式作后置定语，修饰the coins；二者在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过 去分词。故填made。 答案：made 6. 考查名词单复数。句意：在春秋时期，它们取代了贝壳。shell为 可数名词，根据前面的the coins和they并结合句意可知，此处需用 其复数形式。故填shells。 答案：shells 7. 考查定语从句。句意：该作坊靠近城市的行政中心，这表明它可 能是根据政府命令开始铸造硬币的。逗号前后无连词，由此可知， 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句内容，应用 关系代词which，并在从句中作主语。故填which。 答案：which 　　The new study adds fuel 8. 　　　　　　 a long-standing debate about the origins of currency. Some scholars argue that money 9. 　　　　　　 (begin) as a way to help trade between merchants and customers. Others say governments created it 10. 　　　　　　 (allow) for the collection of taxes and debts. 8. 考查介词。句意：这项新研究加剧了长期以来关于货币起源的争 论。add...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……加到……上”。故填to。 答案：to 9. 考查动词的时态。句意：一些学者认为，货币最初是帮助商人和 顾客之间进行贸易的一种方式。分析句子结构可知，argue为主句 的谓语动词，后面为that引导的宾语从句，从句的主语为money， 设空处应填谓语动词形式作从句的谓语；由句意可知，这里说的是 很久以前的事，谓语动词用一般过去时。故填began。 答案：began 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：其他人说，政府创建它是考虑到征税 和收债。分析句子结构可知，say为主句谓语动词，后面为省略that 的宾语从句，从句中created为谓语动词，动词allow与其之间无连 词，应为非谓语动词；结合句意可知，征税和收债是政府创建它的 目的，因此用动词不定式在句中作目的状语。故填to allow。 答案：to allow 写作规范练(二) 第一节　(满分15分) 　　(2023·吉林长春质监)随着知识经济的发展，我们的社会越来越 需要“全能型人才”。假设你是李华，学校英文社团请你写一封倡 议书，主题为“To Be an All-round Student”。 写作要点： 　　1. 提出倡议的背景； 　　2. 倡议的内容； 　　3. 提出呼吁。 　　注意： 　　1. 写作词数应为80左右； 　　2. 适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 　　参考词汇：all-round talents 全能型人才 To Be an All-round Student Dear boys and girls， ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ The English Club [参考范文] To Be an All-round Student  　Dear boys and girls，　 　　With the development of knowledge economy， 　it is necessary that we should strive to be an all-round senior high school student　. 　　We are supposed to do whatever we can do to improve ourselves from all aspects. Firstly， it is important for us to be physically and mentally healthy， 　which lays a solid foundation for our study and life　.Secondly，we must hold an active attitude towards study， 　forming a good learning habit　.Furthermore， 　while studying hard　，we should attach great importance to the innovation consciousness and practical ability. 　　For the benefit of our future development，let’s take immediate action from now on.  　The English Club　 第二节　(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 　　(2023·山东潍坊模拟)On Black Friday，the busiest shopping day of the year，I went for breakfast in downtown Little Rock. 　　Even at 8 a.m.there was a waiting line at the cafe.Customers stood in groups，chatting and rubbing their cold hands together，waiting to share a hot breakfast and more conversation before pouring into the stores for bargains.I could feel the cheery excitement of the holidays， but it was tied with the usual stress that spoilt the season with layers of anxiety and tiredness. 　　Finally，I was seated by a large window.I noticed that it had begun to rain lightly outside. “Oh，no，”I complained. “I’m going to be dashing around in the rain.Shopping will be messy today！”I heard others complaining，too. 　　Then， out of the corner of my eye，I noticed an elderly man on the other side of the window，making his way carefully down the sidewalk. He was carrying a black umbrella in his left hand，sheltering himself from the rain，and balancing several brooms (扫帚) on his right shoulder. Beneath a thin gray coat，he was dressed in brown pants. A striped ski cap protected his head and thick glasses covered his eyes.As I watched，he smiled and stepped politely aside to allow a couple to rush by. 　　“Who’s that？”I asked the waitress. 　　“That’s Melvin. He’s been walking these streets for years and years. I’ve heard he put several orphans through college by selling those brooms. He’s almost blind and in his seventies，but he keeps on working. I don’t know how he does it.Everybody buys brooms from him. He lives a poor life but he is a wonderful person.People here have always been good to him.” 　　Suddenly I was curious.This dear man could hardly see.Selling brooms on the streets could not earn good money.Melvin was the one who needed help！“So how does he help people？”I asked frankly. 　　注意：续写词数应为150左右。 　　Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 　　We chatted over the breakfast. ⁠ ⁠ 　　写作思路： 　　[故事梗概]　 　　黑色星期五，一年中最繁忙的购物日，作者坐在餐馆里，发现 外面已经下起了雨，心情不佳的作者在一片抱怨声中注意到街上一 位左手拿着一把黑伞、右肩上扛着几把扫帚的衣服单薄的老人，他 正在微笑着给一对过路夫妇让路。好奇心促使作者向服务员打听这 位老人，从服务员口中作者得知，以卖扫帚为生的老人竟然供了好 几个孤儿上大学。虽然70多岁而且几乎双目失明，但他坚持工作。 这时，作者突然意识到这位老人才是真正需要帮助的人，同时作者 也产生了老人究竟是怎么帮助他人的疑问。 　　[续写思路]　 　　根据续写第一段的提示句可知，第一段应讲老人进入餐馆之后 人们对老人的反应以及作者的所作所为；根据续写第二段的提示句 可推知，第二段应讲作者在和老人的聊天中对老人的进一步认识并 意识到自己对生活的错误态度。 [参考范文] 　　 　Just then Melvin walked slowly into the restaurant.　 Waiting customers smiled and cleared the way for him. A few shook his hand. Others patted his shoulder as he moved quietly from table to table， 　smiling and asking　，“Do you need a broom today？”Several frequenters bought from him and rose to pile their new brooms near the doorway. He gestured toward his brooms by the door，“I’m grateful for what you did for me.” At the scene，I was deeply touched by this man and his story. I ordered him a breakfast and asked him to sit next to me. 　　 From our interactions，I learned that he always chose the path of gratitude and service，even though there was much he could have complained about，not like the rest of us ...well，at least me， ⁠ ⁠.He also shared that he was earning nearly enough to fund another orphan through college and that he was doing his bit to make the world better. He really made me feel humbled， and ⁠ ⁠. We chatted over the breakfast.　 From our interactions，I learned that he always chose the path of gratitude and service，even though there was much he could have complained about，not like the rest of us ...well，at least me， 　who complained just because we had to go shopping in the rain　.He also shared that he was earning nearly enough to fund another orphan through college and that he was doing his bit to make the world better. He really made me feel humbled， and  　it was then that I decided to be intentionally positive and become a better person　 $$