话题9 优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任(2)-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境一　人与自我 主题（二）　做人与做事 话题9　优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任（2） 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础考点探究 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2020·浙江1月卷·C) 　　Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults.A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力)，a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers.Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence. 　　BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years.And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school. “There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，”Padilla-Walker said.“This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence—which can be taught—are key to a child’s life success.” Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style.Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian：rigid，demanding or controlling.Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics：children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed；children are given an appropriate level of autonomy (自主权). In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above- average levels of authoritative parenting.A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school. This particular study examined 11- to 14-year-olds living in two- parent homes.Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了父亲在子 女教育方面的作用和重要性。 27. What is special about the BYU professors’ study？ A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting. B. It was based on a number of large families. C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles. D. It aimed to improve kids’ achievement in school. 答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.”可推断，该研究的特殊性 在于它关注的是父亲在教育子女方面的独特作用和地位。故答案为 A项。 28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children？ A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them. C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可推断，真正的权威式父亲不是“独 裁式”的，而是给孩子讲规则、讲道理。此处特别要注意文章中的 “the reasons behind rules are stressed”与D项属于同义替换。所以 答案为D项。 29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers？ A. Single parents. B. Children aged from 11 to 14. C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research”可知，未来的研究将会更多关注到单亲父母在教 导孩子坚持的益处方面的作用。因此选A项。 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance 答案：C 标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的最后一句和倒数第二段的最后一句 及文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色可知，C项“孩子 们倾向于向父亲学习决心”为最佳标题。 【词汇识记】 1. characteristic n.特征；特色 adj.典型的；特有的 2. relatively adv.相对地；相当地 3. parenting n.育儿 4. rigid adj.严格的；僵硬的；死板的 5. rather adv.(提出不同或相反的观点)相反，反而，而是 6. appropriate adj.适当的；合适的 7. persistence n.坚持；锲而不舍 8. unique adj.独一无二的 9. adolescent n.青少年 adj.青少年的；青春期的；未成熟的 10. prove v.证明；证实 11. authoritative adj.权威的；权威性的 12. avenue n.(城镇的)大街；途径；选择；林荫道 13. skill set技能组合 14. be more likely to do sth.更有可能做…… 15. lead to导致；通向 16. tend to do sth.往往会做某事 17. center on 集中于 18. responsible adj.负责任的；尽责的→responsibility n.责任 →responsibly adv.认真负责地；可信赖地 19. stress n.压力 v.强调，着重；使受压力→stressful adj.充满压力 的，紧张的→stressed adj.有压力的，紧张的 20. adjust vi.& vt.适应；调节→adjustment n.适应；调整→adjustable adj.可调节的 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. A key skill set for success is persistence，a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. ⁠ ⁠ 2. Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. ⁠ 3. In the study， about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. ⁠ 4. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research. ⁠ 关键 的；最重要的　 实行；遵循　 表现；显示；显出　 途径；手段；方法　 Passage 2　完形填空(2021·全国甲卷) 　　It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria， Canada. Burchill was  　41　 at the hotel on business and planning to  　42　 some friends in the area. They had asked him to  　43　 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he  　44　 a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was  　45　 that it would be too warm， he  　46　 it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was  　47　 and well chilled (冷却) and he  　48　. That’s when things went  　49　. “I remember walking down the long  　50　 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，” Burchill said in a recent letter of  　51　 to the 4-star hotel. “The seagulls immediately went  　52　. They rushed to the window， 30 or 40 birds all trying to  　53　 at the same time， and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down；the lamps were falling down. It was a real  　54　.” Older and wiser now， Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞). “I have  　55　 and I admit responsibility for my  　56　，” he said in the letter. “I come to you，  　57　， to apologize for the damage I had  　58　 caused and to ask you to  　59　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.” His letter  　60　. Banned from the hotel since 2001， Burchill is now welcome to come back， the Fairmont said. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了伯奇尔住酒 店时，给朋友携带的辣香肠招来了海鸟，海鸟在逃跑的过程中，造 成了一些东西的损坏，伯奇尔间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把伯奇 尔列入了黑名单，伯奇尔被终身禁止入住该酒店。伯奇尔诚恳地写 了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最 终，他的信起作用了。 41. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing 答案：B 句意：伯奇尔出差住在(staying)酒店，并计划去拜访地区的一些朋 友。故选B。 句意见上题。visit拜访；help帮助；follow跟随；make制作。根据 “They had asked him to  　43　 some pepperoni from back east. So he  　44　 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东 西。由此推知，伯奇尔准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。 句意见上题。visit拜访；help帮助；follow跟随；make制作。根据 “They had asked him to  　43　 some pepperoni from back east. So he  　44　 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东 西。由此推知，伯奇尔准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。 42. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make 答案：A 句意：他们让他从美国东部带些辣香肠过来。sell卖；have有； bring带来；taste品尝。根据“So he  　44　 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，伯奇尔的朋友让他从美国东部带些辣香肠过 来。故选C。 43. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste 答案：C 句意：他们让他从美国东部带些辣香肠过来。sell卖；have有； bring带来；taste品尝。根据“So he  　44　 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，伯奇尔的朋友让他从美国东部带些辣香肠过 来。故选C。 44. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost 答案：A 句意：所以他装了满满一箱子辣香肠。fill装满；lock锁上； abandon抛弃；lose丢失。根据a suitcase full of pepperoni和“They rushed to the window， 30 or 40 birds all trying to  　53　 at the same time， and pepperoni—everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子辣香 肠。故选A。 句意：所以他装了满满一箱子辣香肠。fill装满；lock锁上； abandon抛弃；lose丢失。根据a suitcase full of pepperoni和“They rushed to the window， 30 or 40 birds all trying to  　53　 at the same time， and pepperoni—everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子辣香 肠。故选A。 句意：因为担心天气太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗 户。surprised感到惊讶的；pleased高兴的；excited兴奋的；worried 担心的。根据“...he  　46　 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心室内暖和的温度会影响辣香肠的存放，所 以把辣香肠放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。 句意：因为担心天气太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗 户。surprised感到惊讶的；pleased高兴的；excited兴奋的；worried 担心的。根据“...he  　46　 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心室内暖和的温度会影响辣香肠的存放，所 以把辣香肠放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。 45. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried 答案：D 句意见上题。dig挖；clear清除；cut切下；lay放。根据“... 　46　 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他把它放在桌子上。 故选D。 46. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid 答案：D 句意见上题。dig挖；clear清除；cut切下；lay放。根据“... 　46　 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他把它放在桌子上。 故选D。 句意：他以为他的辣香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。 delicious美味的； safe安全的；soft柔软的；ready准备好的。根据 “‘I remember walking down the long  　50　 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，’ Burchill said in a recent letter of  　51　 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，伯奇尔离开了。由此推 知，他以为他的辣香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。故选B。 句意：他以为他的辣香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。 delicious美味的； safe安全的；soft柔软的；ready准备好的。根据 “‘I remember walking down the long  　50　 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，’ Burchill said in a recent letter of  　51　 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，伯奇尔离开了。由此推 知，他以为他的辣香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。故选B。 47. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready 答案：B 48. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted 答案：A 句意见上题。leave离开；nod点头；wait等待；regret后悔。根据 “‘I remember walking down the long  　50　 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，’ Burchill said in a recent letter of  　51　 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，伯奇尔离开了。故选A。 句意见上题。leave离开；nod点头；wait等待；regret后悔。根据 “‘I remember walking down the long  　50　 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，’ Burchill said in a recent letter of  　51　 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，伯奇尔离开了。故选A。 句意：事情就在这时出了问题。far远的；funny有趣的；wrong失常 的；blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went... and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down， the lamps were falling down.It was a real  　54　.”可知，事情就在这时出了问 题。故选C。 49. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind 答案：C 句意：事情就在这时出了问题。far远的；funny有趣的；wrong失常 的；blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went... and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down， the lamps were falling down.It was a real  　54　.”可知，事情就在这时出了问 题。故选C。 50. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table 答案：C 句意：伯奇尔在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记 得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸟。”beach海 滩；driveway私人车道；hall大厅；table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，伯奇尔 走过长长的大厅。故选C。 句意见上题。application申请；apology道歉；request要求； invitation邀请。根据“‘I have  　55　 and I admit responsibility...my lifetime ban from the hotel.’”可知，伯奇尔给酒店写了一封道歉 信。故选B。 51. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation 答案：B 句意见上题。application申请；apology道歉；request要求； invitation邀请。根据“‘I have  　55　 and I admit responsibility...my lifetime ban from the hotel.’”可知，伯奇尔给酒店写了一封道歉 信。故选B。 句意：海鸟立刻变得疯狂起来。hungry饥饿的；dead死亡的； missing失踪的；wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window， 30 or 40 birds all trying to  　53　 at the same time， and pepperoni— everywhere.”可知，海鸟被突然回到房间的伯奇尔吓到了，变得疯 狂起来。故选D。 52. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild 答案：D 句意：海鸟立刻变得疯狂起来。hungry饥饿的；dead死亡的； missing失踪的；wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window， 30 or 40 birds all trying to  　53　 at the same time， and pepperoni— everywhere.”可知，海鸟被突然回到房间的伯奇尔吓到了，变得疯 狂起来。故选D。 41 53. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in 答案：B 句意：它们冲到窗口，三四十只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是辣香 肠。wake up醒来；get out出去；take off起飞；break in闯入。根据 “They rushed to the window...”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害 怕，争先恐后地想从窗户逃出去。故选B。 54. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge 答案：A 句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。mess混乱；puzzle 不解之谜；fight打架；challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down， the lamps were falling down.”可知，现场一片混乱。 故选A。 句意：“我成熟了，我要为我的行为承担责任，”他在信中说。 recover恢复；retire退休；escape逃跑；mature成熟。根据“...and I admit responsibility for my  　56　，”可知，这里意思是伯奇尔认 为自己成熟了。故选D。 55. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured 答案：D 句意：“我成熟了，我要为我的行为承担责任，”他在信中说。 recover恢复；retire退休；escape逃跑；mature成熟。根据“...and I admit responsibility for my  　56　，”可知，这里意思是伯奇尔认 为自己成熟了。故选D。 句意见上题。suffering苦难；plan计划；madness疯狂；action行 为。根据“I come to you，  　57　， to apologize for the damage I had  　58　 caused and to ask you to  　59　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，伯奇尔承认要对自己的行为负责。故选D。 56. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions 答案：D 句意见上题。suffering苦难；plan计划；madness疯狂；action行 为。根据“I come to you，  　57　， to apologize for the damage I had  　58　 caused and to ask you to  　59　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，伯奇尔承认要对自己的行为负责。故选D。 57. A. hands in pockets B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground 答案：C 句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您 重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。hands in pockets双手插进 口袋；nose in the air目中无人；hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“...to apologize for the damage I had  　58　 caused and to ask you to  　59　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生 活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬的。故选C。 句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您 重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。hands in pockets双手插进 口袋；nose in the air目中无人；hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“...to apologize for the damage I had  　58　 caused and to ask you to  　59　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生 活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬的。故选C。 58. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly 答案：A 句意见上题。indirectly间接地；deliberately故意地；cautiously谨慎 地；secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down；the lamps were falling down.”可知，作者携带的辣香肠招来了海鸟， 海鸟在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，所以是伯奇尔间接 给酒店造成了损失。故选A。 59. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew 答案：C 句意见57题。replace取代；remember记得；reconsider重新考虑； renew更新。根据my lifetime ban from the hotel和“Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back， the Fairmont said.”可知，伯奇尔请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入 住酒店的决定。故选C。 60. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared 答案：B 句意：他的信起作用了。arrive到达；work起作用；end结束； disappear消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back， the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作 用了。故选B。 【词汇识记】 1. deserve vt.应得，应受到 2. blacklist v.将……列入黑名单 3. lifetime n.终生 4. driveway n.(私家)车道 5. mature adj.成熟的，到期的 6. blame n.责备；责任；过失 7. deliberately adv.故意；蓄意；存心；从容不迫地 8. cautiously adv.谨慎地；小心地 9. on business出差 10. lay sth.out把某物铺开 11. cause damage造成损害 12. go wrong出毛病；发生故障 13. go wild发狂 14. chalk sth.up to sth.将……归因于 15. nose in the air目中无人 16. hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求) 17. feet on the ground脚踏实地 18. mess n.凌乱→messy adj.脏的；凌乱的 19. apologise vi.道歉，谢罪→ apology n.道歉，谢罪 20. apply vi.申请；请求→application n.申请书→applicant n.申请人 21. direct v.指挥；管理 adj.直接的→indirect adj.间接的；非直截了 当的→indirectly adv.间接地→direction n.方向；指导；用法说明 22. consider v.考虑；认为→reconsider v.重新考虑→consideration n. 考虑→considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的→considerable adj.相当 大的，值得考虑的→considering prep.考虑到；就……而言；鉴于 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) His letter worked. ⁠ 起作用　 【难句分析】 It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria， Canada. [译文选择] A. 尼克·伯奇尔被加拿大维多利亚费尔蒙皇后酒店列入黑名单，海 鸟至少应该承担部分责任。 B. 尼克·伯奇尔被加拿大维多利亚费尔蒙皇后酒店列入黑名单，海 鸟才是罪魁祸首。(　A　) A [结构分析] 这是一个强调句型，结构为“It is＋被强调部分＋that”。本句 被强调部分是the seaside birds，旨在强调这件事中应负部分责 任的是海鸟。 [话题词汇回测] 1. n.特征；特色 adj.典型的；特有的 2. adv.相对地；相当地 3. adj.严格的；僵硬的；死板的 4. adj.适当的；合适的 5. n.坚持；锲而不舍 6. adj.独一无二的 7. v.证明；证实 8. vt.应得，应受到 characteristic　 relatively　 rigid　 appropriate　 persistence　 unique　 prove　 deserve　 9. adj.成熟的，到期的 10. n.责备；责任；过失 11. adv.故意；蓄意；存心；从容不迫地 12. adv.谨慎地；小心地 13. 更有可能做…… 14. ⁠导致；通向 15. 往往会做某事 16. 集中于 17. 出差 mature　 blame　 deliberately　 cautiously　 be more likely to do sth.　 lead to　 tend to do sth.　 center on　 on business　 18. 造成损害 19. 出毛病；发生故障 20. 发狂 21. 目中无人 22. 脚踏实地 23. responsible adj.负责任的；尽责的→ n.责任 → adv.认真负责地；可信赖地 24. stress n.压力 v.强调，着重；使受压力→ adj.充满压 力的，紧张的→ adj.有压力的，紧张的 cause damage　 go wrong　 go wild　 nose in the air　 feet on the ground　 responsibility　 responsibly　 stressful　 stressed　 25. adjust vi.& vt.适应；调节→ n.适应；调整 → adj.可调节的 26. mess n.凌乱→ adj.脏的；凌乱的 27. apply vi.申请；请求→ n.申请书→ n. 申请人 28. direct v.指挥；管理 adj.直接的→ adj.间接的；非直 截了当的→ adv.间接地→ n.方向；指 导；用法说明 adjustment　 adjustable　 messy　 application　 applicant　 indirect　 indirectly　 direction　 29. consider v.考虑；认为→ v.重新考虑 → n.考虑→ adj.体贴的，考虑周到 的→ adj.相当大的，值得考虑的→ ⁠ prep.考虑到；就……而言；鉴于 30. apologise vi.道歉，谢罪→ n.道歉，谢罪 reconsider　 consideration　 considerate　 considerable　 considering　 apology　 第二组 Passage 1　 完形填空(2020·江苏卷) 　　Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success  　36　 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the  　37　 in our lives. When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931， he had no  　38　 of knowing that his life was to change  　39　.The class experiment that day was to  　40　 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface.  　41　， the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat  　42　. held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water.When Wilson heated it， the container  　43　， leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes. When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later， his parents  　44　 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had  　45　 their lives.But Wilson did not regard the accident as  　46　.He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.There， he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)  　47　 public speaker. Later， he worked in Africa， where many people suffered from  　48　 for lack of proper treatment.For him， it was one thing to  　49　 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue  　50　 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the  　51　 Wilson made to preventing the 　52　. Wilson received several international  　53　 for his great contributions.He lost his sight but found a  　54　.He proved that it’s not what happens to us that  　55　 our lives—it’s what we make of what happens. ⁠ 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了约翰·威 尔逊在实验中因出现事故而失明，但他没有被命运击倒，而是努力 奋斗改变命运，最后取得成功的故事。文章告诉我们一个道理：我 们的生活不是取决于发生在我们身上的事情，而是取决于我们对发 生的事情的态度。 36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects 答案：A 上文提到仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的，由此可知，此处意为 “成功从根本上取决于(depend on)我们对自己和生活中所发生事件 的看法”。 37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps 答案：C 由语境可知，成功取决于我们对自己和生活中所发生事件(event)的 看法。 38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure 答案：A 根据下文可知，威尔逊发生事故是始料未及的。have no way of knowing没办法知道，符合语境。 39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely 答案：D 句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学课 堂时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底(completely)改变。 continually持续地；gradually逐渐地；gracefully优雅地。 40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare 答案：B 根据主语experiment可知，实验是要展示(show)一种现象。direct管 理，指导；advocate提倡，拥护；declare宣布。 41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus 答案：C 分析语境可知，此句句意为“不知怎么地(somehow)，老师给威尔 逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西”。anyway无论如何； moreover而且，此外；thus因此，如此。 42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily 答案：A 根据下文的something more volatile than water可知，本该装水的容 器误(mistakenly)装了其他溶液。casually随便地；amazingly令人惊 讶地；clumsily笨拙地。 43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed 答案：B 根据下文的leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes可知，容器爆炸 (explode)了，导致他的眼睛失明。erupt爆发；empty使……成为空 的；expose揭露。 44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed 答案：B 根据语境可知，他的父母试图(attempt)找到应对这次灾祸的方法。 45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to 答案：D 定语从句中that指的是灾祸(catastrophe)，故此处表示“发生(happen to)”。submit to屈服于，顺从；cater for迎合；impress on给……留 下印象。 46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic 答案：D 由上文的deal with the catastrophe及下文的叙述可知，虽然父母觉得 这是灾祸，但威尔逊没有把这次事故看成是灾难性的 (catastrophic)。fantastic奇异的，极好的；extraordinary非凡的； impressive让人印象深刻的。 47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent 答案：A 由语境可知，在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为一名技 艺高超的(accomplished)演说家。crucial决定性的，至关重要的； specific特定的；innocent天真的，无辜的。 48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness 答案：C 根据上文他的眼睛失明，并结合下文的for lack of proper treatment可 知，非洲有很多人因缺少适当治疗而失明(blindness)。 49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept 答案：D 根据动宾搭配并结合文义可知，对他来说，接受(accept)自己失明 的命运是一回事，而在可以如此容易解决的情况下，让事情继续下 去则完全是另一回事。decide决定；abandon抛弃；control控制。 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 答案：B 句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而当(when)事情 可以如此容易地解决时，让事情继续下去又是另一回事。 when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。 51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations 答案：C 根据下文的定语从句可知，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人因为威尔逊做 出的奉献(commitment)而得以复明。opposition反对；adjustment调 整；limitation限制。 52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential 答案：A 根据上文数千万人得以复明可知，这种失明是可预防的 (preventable)。potential潜在的；spreadable可传播的；influential有 影响力的。 53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses 答案：C 根据下文的for his great contributions可知，他获得了几项国际大奖 (award)。scholarship奖学金；reward报酬；bonus奖金。 54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision 答案：D 此处vision的字面意思为“视力”，与sight相对，引申为“视野， 构思，远见卓识”等，符合语境。 55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits 答案：B 全文给我们讲述了一个道理，那就是“it’s not what happens to us that determines our lives—it’s what we make of what happens (不是发 生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活——是我们如何看待发生的 事情决定的)”。determine决定，符合语境。distinguish区分；claim 宣称；limit限制。 【词汇识记】 1. fundamentally adv.根本地；从根本上 2. fate n.命运 3. container n.容器 4. passion n.激情；热情；酷爱 5. catastrophe n.灾难，横祸 6. advocate n.提倡者；拥护者 7. dilemma n.困境；(进退两难的)窘境 8. clumsily adv.笨拙地 9. attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 10. fantastic adj.了不起的；极好的 11. extraordinary adj.特别的，临时的；非凡的，卓越的 12. accomplished adj.技艺高超的；才华高的 13. crucial adj.关键的；至关重要的；关键性的 14. specific adj.具体的；特定的 n.特性；细节；特效药 15. innocent adj.无辜的；无罪的；清白的；天真无邪的 16. depression n.抑郁；抑郁症；沮丧；消沉 17. opposition n.反对；反对党；对立 18. commitment n.投入；忠诚；奉献；承诺 19. bonus n.奖金；红利；意外收获 20. recipe n.配方；食谱；方法 21. distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清 22. deal with对付，处理 23. regard...as ...把……看作…… 24. submit to屈服于，顺从 25. cater for迎合；提供饮食及服务；满足 26. explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→explosion n.爆炸 →explosive adj.(易)爆炸的 27. erupt v.爆发；喷出→eruption n.爆发 28. expose vt.使接触；使体验→exposure n.暴露；面临 29. blind vt.使失明 adj.瞎的；失明的→blindly adv.盲目地；轻率地 →blindness n.失明 30. prevent v.预防；防止；阻止→prevention n.预防；妨碍 →preventable adj.可预防的 【难句分析】 1. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable. [译文选择] A. 在非洲和亚洲，数以千万计的人之所以能看见光明，是因为威 尔逊所做出的阻止可以被预防的事件发生的努力和奉献。 B. 在非洲和亚洲，数以千万计的人之所以能看见光明，是因为威 尔逊所做出的阻止可以被预防的事件发生的承诺。(　A　) A [结构分析] Wilson made to preventing the preventable是一个省略了关系词that或 which的定语从句。本句中的to是词组make the commitment to sth.当 中的to，所以它的宾语preventing the preventable是动名词短语。 2. He lost his sight but found a vision. [译文选择] A. 他虽然失明了但却又找到了视力。 B. 他虽然失去了视力但却找到了光明。(　B　) B [结构分析] 这是一个简单句，but连接了两个并列谓语。 3. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that determines our lives— it’s what we make of what happens. [译文选择] A. 他证明了决定我们生活的不是发生在我们身上的事，而是我们 用什么制造了生活。 B. 他证明了决定我们生活的不是发生在我们身上的事，而是我们 如何看待所发生的事。(　B　) B [结构分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。在第一个that 引导的宾语从句中使用了强 调句型“It’s ＋被强调部分＋that”。破折号后也是一个强调句，省 略了 that determines our lives。 Passage 2　 语法填空(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的亨利 救了挂在六楼公寓阳台上即将要掉下去的小孩的故事。 　　Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳 台)，Henry ran one hundred metres，jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and held out his arms to catch the 56. 　　　　　　 (fall) child. 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓 阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要 掉下来的孩子。句中的held out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓 语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是 逻辑上的主谓关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故使用动词-ing形 式作定语。 答案：falling Eric Brown，only three years old，knocked Henry down when he fell.The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he’ll be OK. 57.  　　　　　　 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident，Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell 58. 　　　　(sleep) while watching TV. 57. 考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。 根据句子结构可知，设空处要填冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语 作主语。“the＋姓氏”意为“某某一家人”，符合句意。同时该 单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 答案：The 58. 考查词性转换。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句 子结构可知，设空处应填形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡 觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“入睡”， 故填asleep。 答案：asleep Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony，and climbed up 59. 　　　　　　 (see) them.When he looked down，he 60. 　　　　　　 (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.He hung on for a few minutes 61. 　　　 screamed for his father，but his father didn’t hear him. 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，埃里克听到孩子们在外 面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他 们。句中的climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。 根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们)，故使用不 定式作目的状语。 答案：to see 60. 考查词性转换。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从阳 台边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应填副词，修饰动词 slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为 accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。 答案：accidentally 61. 考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖声叫喊着他的父亲，但 他的父亲没有听到。根据句子结构可知，设空处应填连词，连接 hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。 答案：and Henry 62. 　　　　　　 (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly 63. 　　　　　　 (throw) his tools aside，and started running，arms out. 62. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在 修车。根据句子结构可知，设空处应填谓语动词。根据空后的 “when he heard the screams”可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的， 同时该句描述的是过去的事实且主语为单数。故使用过去进行时 was fixing。 答案：was fixing 63. 考查动词的时态。句意：他迅速地把工具扔到一边，伸着胳膊 跑了起来。根据句子结构可知，设空处与空后的“and started”构 成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为 “扔”，过去式为threw。 答案：threw “He saved my 64. 　　　　　　 (son) life，” said Mrs.Brown.“I don’t know 65. 　　　　 to thank him.” 64. 考查名词的所有格。句意：他救了我儿子的命。根据句意，life 与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。 答案：son’s 65. 考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结 构可知，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词＋to do结构作宾语。根据句 意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。 答案：how “I just didn’t want the boy to be hurt，” said Henry. 【词汇识记】 1. apartment n.公寓套房；(尤指巨屋、名宅的)房间，套间 2. fence n.栅栏；篱笆；围栏 3. slip v.滑倒；滑跤 4. scream v.& n.尖叫；高声喊 5. hang v.悬挂，吊；(被)绞死，施以绞刑 6. hold out one’s arms伸出双臂 7. fall asleep入睡 8. accident n.(交通)事故；意外遭遇；不测事件→accidental adj.意外 的，偶然的→accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地； 意外失误地 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. ⁠ 接住　 [话题词汇回测] 1. adv.根本地；从根本上 2. n.命运 3. n.激情；热情；酷爱 4. n.提倡者；拥护者 5. adv.笨拙地 6. n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 7. adj.了不起的；极好的 8. adj.特别的，临时的；非凡的，卓越的 fundamentally　 fate　 passion　 advocate　 clumsily　 attempt　 fantastic　 extraordinary　 9. adj.技艺高超的；才华高的 10. adj.关键的；至关重要的；关键性的 11. adj.具体的；特定的 n.特性；细节；特效药 12. adj.无辜的；无罪的；清白的；天真无邪的 13. n.抑郁；抑郁症；沮丧；消沉 14. n.反对；反对党；对立 15. n.投入；忠诚；奉献；承诺 16. v.区分；辨别；分清 17. n.公寓套房；(尤指巨屋、名宅的)房间，套间 accomplished　 crucial　 specific　 innocent　 depression　 opposition　 commitment　 distinguish　 apartment　 18. n.栅栏；篱笆；围栏 19. v.滑倒；滑跤 20. v.& n.尖叫；高声喊 21. v.悬挂，吊；(被)绞死，施以绞刑 22. 对付，处理 23. 把……看作…… 24. ⁠屈服于，顺从 25. 伸出双臂 26. 入睡 fence　 slip　 scream　 hang　 deal with　 regard...as ...　 submit to　 hold out one’s arms　 fall asleep　 27. accident n.(交通)事故；意外遭遇；不测事件→ ⁠ adj.意外的，偶然的→ adv.意外地，偶然地； 意外 失误地 28. explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→ n.爆炸 → adj.(易)爆炸的 29. erupt v.爆发；喷出→ n.爆发 30. expose vt.使接触；使体验→ n.暴露；面临 31. blind vt.使失明 adj.瞎的；失明的→ adv.盲目地；轻 率地→ n.失明 32. prevent v.预防；防止；阻止→ n.预防；妨碍 → adj.可预防的 accidental　 accidentally　 explosion　 explosive　 eruption　 exposure　 blindly　 blindness　 prevention　 preventable　 基础考点探究 重点词汇 1. adjust vi.&vt.适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节；整理 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①We have made an ⁠ (adjust) to our prices and give you a special discount of 3 percent. ②It took him quite a while to adjust to ⁠ (live) alone after his parents passed away. ③Adjust your language ⁠ the age of your audience. adjustment　 living　 to　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④I believe that you can adapt to the life in Beijing soon. →I believe that you can ⁠ the life in Beijing soon. adjust (yourself) to　 ◎归纳拓展 •adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth.(使某人自己)适应(做)某事 adjust...to...调整……以适应…… •adjustment n.调整；适应 make an adjustment to...对……做出调整 •adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的 ◎写作素材 adjust to living alone适应独居生活 adjustable seat belts可调节的座椅安全带 2. deserve vt.应得，应受到 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The money saved could be used for more ⁠ (deserve) causes. ②He deserved ⁠ (win) in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game. deserving　 to win　 『写美』 读后续写之心理描写 ③她尴尬得脸红了，说她不配得到这个奖。 Blushing with embarrassment， ⁠ ⁠. she said that she didn’t deserve the award　 ◎归纳拓展 •deserve to do sth.值得做某事；应该做某事 deserve to be done (＝deserve doing)值得……；应受…… •deserving adj.值得的；应得的 ◎写作素材 deserve a rest after all that hard work辛苦劳累之后该休息一下了 deserve a mention值得表扬 one good turn deserves another以德报德 3. blame vt.责怪，指责n.责任；责备；指责 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①It was the professor rather than his assistant that was ⁠ (blame) for what had happened in the lab. ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame ⁠ the alarm clock. ③You shouldn’t blame John ⁠ the failure. to blame　 on　 for　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④(普通表达)Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network. (高级表达) ⁠ ，Alice was in low spirits.(过去分词短语作状语) Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network　 ◎归纳拓展 •blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式 表示被动意义) •take/deserve the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb./sth.把责任推给某人/某事 ◎写作素材 blame the accident on dangerous driving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶 blame oneself for what happened为发生的事责怪自己 4. apologise vi.道歉，谢罪 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologise ⁠ her deskmate ⁠ her bad behaviour. ②I have to make an ⁠ (apologise) to you for taking your parcel home by mistake. to　 for　 apology　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③我认为你应该因为你的过错向老师道歉。 →I think you should ⁠ your error.(apologise) →I think you should ⁠ your error.(apology) apologise to your teacher for　 make an apology to your teacher for　 ◎归纳拓展 •apologise to sb.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而向某人道歉 •apology n.[C]&[U]道歉；歉意 owe sb.an apology＝owe an apology to sb.应该向某人表示歉意 make an apology to sb.(for...)(为……)向某人道歉 ◎写作素材 apologise to your sister向你姐姐道歉 apologise for the late arrival of the train为火车误点表示歉意 5. explode vi.&vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长；(感情)迸发 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Charles exploded ⁠ anger when hearing the news. ②On seeing his funny expression，we all exploded ⁠ laughter. ③The ⁠ (explode) could be heard a mile away. with　 into　 explosion　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④在旅游季节，该景点的人口可能会激增至40 000人。 40，000 during the tourist season in the place of interest. The population can explode to　 ◎归纳拓展 •explode with anger/rage勃然大怒 explode into...爆发…… •explosion n.爆炸；突增 explosive adj.易爆炸的；暴躁的；突增的n.炸药 unexploded adj.未爆炸的 ◎写作素材 the exploding world population迅猛增长的世界人口 the game exploded into life比赛突然激烈起来 6. regardless of不管；不顾 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Call me if you have any problems ⁠ (regard) your work. ②She is widely regarded the current leader’s natural successor. ③Give your brother my ⁠ (regard) when you see him. regarding　 as　 regards　 『写美』读后续写之人物描写 ④尽管困难重重，他从未放弃过自己的梦想。 He never gave up his dream ⁠ ⁠. regardless of/in spite of/despite many difficulties　 ◎归纳拓展 •regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实 •in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句) •regard vt.将……认为；把……视为；看待n.注意；尊重 be regarded as被看作…… •regarding prep.关于；至于 regard n.关心；尊重；(pl.)问候，致意 ◎写作素材 regard the whole thing as a joke把整件事当成玩笑 7. attempt n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Don’t expect to pass the driving test ⁠ the first attempt.After all，you’ve been learning to drive for only a couple of days. ②You should make an attempt ⁠ (make) friends with her. at　 to make　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③昨天我试图说服他，但是徒劳无果。 →Yesterday，I ，but in vain.(attempt v.) →Yesterday，I ，but in vain.(attempt n.) attempted to persuade him　 made an attempt to persuade him　 ◎归纳拓展 •attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事 •make an attempt/attempts (to do sth.)尝试(做某事) at the first attempt第一次尝试 •attempted adj.未遂的 ◎写作素材 give up the attempt in despair在绝望中放弃 make a further attempt做进一步尝试 study hard in an attempt to pass the exam努力学习试图通过考试 8. submit vt.呈送；提交，呈递；顺从；屈服；投降 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Submit your application www.lancasterdesign.org. ②She decided to resign from the party rather than submit herself ⁠ the new rules. ③He is not the kind of child who is likely to be cowed into ⁠ (submit). to　 to　 submission　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④对夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请和相关材料。 Those who are interested in the summer camp ⁠ ⁠. must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15　 ◎归纳拓展 •submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出…… submit to服从于，屈服于…… submit oneself/sb.to使某人服从于，屈服于 •submission n.呈递，提交；屈服，投降 ◎写作素材 submit an application as early as possible 尽早提交申请表 refuse to submit to difficulties面对困难，拒不低头 the final date for the submission of proposals呈交提案的最后日期 9. committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The company’s ⁠ (commit) to providing quality products at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. ②The professor loved his career and was committed ⁠ it all his life. ③They were reluctant to commit themselves to ⁠ (give) an opinion. commitment　 to　 giving　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④大多数教授都致力于教学和研究。 Professors，for the most part， ⁠ as well as research. are committed to teaching　 ◎归纳拓展 •commit vt.犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.全心全意投入(工作、 活动等) be committed to (doing) sth./commit oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做) 某事 •commitment n.投入；忠诚；奉献；承诺 make a commitment to (doing) sth.保证/承诺(做)某事 ◎写作素材 a committed member of the team忠于职守的队员 committed socialists 坚定的社会主义者 10. deal with处理；对付；论及；涉及；与……打交道；和……做 生意 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①We discussed ways to deal ⁠ the problem. ②It’s a book ⁠ (deal) with the ancient history of China. ③I don’t know to do with all the food that’s left over. with　 dealing　 what　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④事实上，我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。 →As a matter of fact，I don’t know ⁠ the problem.(deal with) →In fact，I’m at a loss ⁠ the problem.(do with) how they will deal with　 what they will do with　 ◎归纳拓展 •deal with当“处理”讲时，常与how连用；do with sth.“处理某 事”，常与what连用。 •make a deal达成协议 a great/good deal大量；很多 a great/good deal of＋不可数名词　大量的…… ◎写作素材 have something to do with computers与计算机有关系 take positive steps to deal with the problem采取积极措施处理这 个问题 经典句型 They both fell asleep   while watching TV .他们俩看电视时 都睡着了。 [句型公式]　句中while watching TV为while they were watching TV 的省略形式。 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①He opened his mouth as if ⁠(say) something grateful. ②While (work)，I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. to say　 working　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③(普通表达)If I am accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors.It can help them know more about Chinese culture. (高级表达) ，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors， ⁠. If accepted　 which can help them know more about Chinese culture　 ◎归纳拓展 状语从句的省略有两种形式： •当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中谓语含有be动词 时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 •当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。 ◎写作素材 If possible，I will always accompany my parents， watching the sunrise and sunset together！如果有可能，我将永远陪伴在父母身 边，同看日出日落！ 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. I’ve attempted (convince) her of his honesty，but in vain. 2. Mary， rather than you， ⁠ (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time. 3. With many things to deal ， I have to stop listening to the light music. 4. Most common health upsets that spoil a holiday are easily ⁠ (prevent). to convince　 is　 with　 preventable　 5. In this instance， the best solution is to send a quick， light- hearted ⁠ (apologize) to explain your awkwardness. 6. It is those who are willing to give their lives to the country that deserve ⁠ (respect). 7. While (ride) his bike home on a cold night， he came across a sad-looking elderly woman. 8. He committed himself ⁠ reforming health care last century. 9. You should submit your application form ⁠ the office as soon as possible. 10. She was blown off her feet by the shock wave from the ⁠ (explode). apology　 respecting/to be respected　 riding　 to　 to　 explosion　 Ⅱ.完成句子 1. (多年暴露在风雨 中)，the quotes on the headstone are hard to read. 2. I think (你应该向你的弟 弟道歉) for being so rude to him. 3. Eating too much sugar can (导致健康问 题). 4. (在沿着河堤走时)，she was singing a pop song. 5. (不管他正确与否)， we have to obey his decisions. Exposed to wind and rain for many years　 you should apologize to your brother　 lead to health problems　 While walking along the river bank　 Regardless of whether he is right or wrong　 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) 　　①我写信给你，向你推荐我最好的朋友李莉来担任你们杂志的 学生记者。 I am writing this letter to you.I want to ⁠ ⁠ a student reporter for your magazine. ②作为一个16岁的阳光女孩，李莉在学校很勤奋刻苦。 As a 16-year-old sunny girl， Li Li ⁠. recommend my best friend Li Li to be　 is very diligent at school　 ③她有许多爱好，这使我们同学都很钦佩她。 She has many hobbies and this ⁠ ⁠ us classmates. ④文学是她的最爱，她的作文经常被认为是典范。 Literature is her favorite， and her compositions ⁠ ⁠. ⑤作为我校学生会的一员，她真的很喜欢交朋友。 As a member of Students’ Union in our school， ⁠ ⁠. has earned great admiration from　 are often regarded as model ones　 she really loves making friends　 ⑥就我而言，她可以结交更多的朋友，并通过担任学生记者来 提高自己。 On my part， she can make more friends and ⁠ ⁠ being a student reporter. improve herself by　 ②用which 引导的非限制性定语从句改写句③ Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) 　　①用不定式作目的状语改写句① ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ I am writing this letter to you to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a student reporter for your magazine.　  　She has many hobbies， which has earned great admiration from us classmates.　 ③用现在分词(短语)作状语改写句⑤ ⁠ ⁠  　Being a member of Students’ Union in our school， she really loves making friends.　 Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　 ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 　　 　I am writing this letter to you to recommend my best friend Li Li to be a student reporter for your magazine.As a 16-year-old sunny girl， Li Li is very diligent at school.Besides，she has many hobbies， which has earned great admiration from us classmates.Literature is her favorite， and her compositions are often regarded as model ones.Being a member of Students’ Union in our school， she really loves making friends.On my part， she can make more friends and improve herself by being a student reporter.　 微型写作——续写提升练 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容写出最后两段内所空出的四个句 子，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　In high school， I was an editor of the school newspaper at the student union. And I won two national awards. I’ve been so focused on my dream of being a magazine editor that I’ve never wasted my time being fake-friendly to people—I was too busy for that. I almost didn’t socialize much in school， which meant I almost didn’t have any real friends in school. Unexpectedly， that annoyed a lot of people out of my expectation， so they began to talk about me behind my back. The gossip (流言蜚语) never bothered me since I was so into my goals and had no time to care much. But then I appeared on TV， and things changed. When the show first broadcast last May， I received dozens of mean posts about me on the media sites， calling me “crazy”， and even some dirty words were used. Worse still， some strangers shot their fingers at me. How could they say such terrible words to me when they’d never met me？ I still tried to focus on my work and told myself not to care about this， but that didn’t stop their comments from streaming in. Every day， mess messages continued to come in and it seemed no sign of end. When I walked into class on a Monday morning， some girls actually pointed and whispered that I broke down the TV program. I wish I could have faced all negative things calmly or even ignore the gossip， but I couldn’t. Each time I went out of or into the classroom， there would be people I knew or total strangers， staring at me or whispering， only adding to my sense of shame， and I just wasn’t able to shake any of it off. All the negative attention started to overwhelm me physically and mentally. 　　Soon after， all the negative words started to destroy me. ① ⁠ ⁠ Several days later， overwhelmed by depression， I refused to go to school and talk with someone and even refused food. It seemed that I was totally trapped in darkness. Thankfully， the magazines at hand helped to relieve my stress somehow. ② ⁠ ⁠ I cried myself to sleep late in the night and woke up with swollen eyes the next morning， hardly able to get out of my room. Everything changed from that day， when I happened to read an article.　 I saw a quote in the journal， “Once you choose your way of life， be brave to stick it out and never return.” ③ ⁠ ⁠ I could either let myself down in the gossip or hug it as a chance to grow up and become better. So I reread the posts and reflected on my recent experiences. I realized that I was bothered because I cared so much about people’s bad comments that I lost heart and forgot my target. ④ ⁠ ⁠ Reading it， I suddenly caught what it meant.　 It’s time to face the situation bravely and stick to what I have always dreamed to do.　 课时作业 [话题语篇强化] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　(2023·辽宁营口期末)I had just delivered a memorable speech， and I was about to learn how the judges decided my performance. The audience leaned forward and a period of silence fell across the room. I felt that the drum rolled in my heart. 　　The third-place winner was announced. The name was not mine. Then the second-place winner， still not me. At last， the moment of truth came. I was about to either enjoy the warmth of victory or regret the months’ preparation. My heart felt closer to the latter. 　　Losing is a part of life， and I have dealt with it on more than one occasion. However， it was an indescribable feeling to make a 200-mile round trip， get up very early on a freezing Saturday morning， and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group.After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate race， he said，“I felt like the 12-year-old boy who kicked his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.”Oh yeah， I could relate. 　　I had spent many hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the speech contest. After not placing in the first year of the contest， I really wanted to compete again. Lincoln had many failures，but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition， so I was not going to give up on a second contest！ I reworked my speech for the following year，but again I did not place. 　　I couldn’t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on， until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln， I discovered that I can fail successfully. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的演 讲比赛经历。作者参加了两次演讲比赛，都失败了，可是作者的心 态却改变了。 1. How did the author feel after finishing his speech？ A. Annoyed. B. Nervous. C. Confused. D. Hopeful. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I felt that the drum rolled in my heart.”以及第二段中的“I was about to either enjoy the warmth of victory or regret the months’ preparation.”可知，在演讲比赛结束等 待结果的时候，作者非常紧张，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What can be learnt from paragraph 3？ A. He was regretful about his not being fully prepared. B. He felt upset about getting up early on a chilly morning. C. He once kicked and hurt his toe when he was 12 years old. D. He turned out to be the last one of his group in the contest. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group”可知，作者在所在小组中排名最后一位， 故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. Which of the following can best describe the author？ A. Tough and strong-willed. B. Determined and talented. C. Enthusiastic and generous. D. Hard-working and attractive. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“After not placing in the first year of the contest， I really wanted to compete again...I was not going to give up on a second contest！”可以看出，作者经历一次失败之后，仍然 不放弃，想要继续参加第二次比赛。由此可以推断，作者是一个坚 韧不拔、意志坚定的人，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What is the main idea the author wants to convey to us？ A. Never mind others’ judgments. B. Don’t rely too much on others. C. Stand up from where we tripped over. D. Learn to appreciate the highlight. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。结合全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln， I discovered that I can fail successfully.”可知，作者想要 表达的是不轻言放弃，从哪儿失败就从哪儿开始，从哪里跌倒就从 哪里站起来，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B 　　(2024·重庆市调研)While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed grains worldwide，a study covering more than 100，000 people has revealed that choosing rice as a staple(主要的) food may result in a lower risk of obesity (肥胖). Researchers collected data from participants aged 35 to 74.The participants responded to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews， providing information about their medical history and lifestyle，such as dietary status and physical activity.The researchers divided them into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake.The first group eats rice as their staple food，consuming it either daily or four to six times per week.The second group’s staple food is wheat，and the third group consumes both rice and wheat as their staple food，with similar frequency. The results show that rice preference may be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types and that higher wheat intake was associated with higher risks of excessive body fat in men and women.However，when wheat lovers changed their staple food to rice five times per week，the participants showed a 36.5 percent lower risk of obesity in men and a 20.5 percent lower risk in women. According to the researchers，wheat flour absorbs less water than rice when cooked，partly resulting in a higher energy density of wheat than rice.Meanwhile，rice-based dietary patterns often have more fresh vegetables，legumes，meat and fish servings. People with wheat preference tend to eat large bowls of noodles with fewer vegetables or less meat，and sometimes even with a large amount of oil. 　　The researchers concluded that compared with preference for wheat，preference for rice，or changing from wheat to rice could be associated with lower risks of overall fat accumulation，especially for individuals with normal weight.They also noted that given the vast territory and diverse ethnic groups，further studies may be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and potential reasons for the observed links. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文 。虽然大米和小麦是世界 上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖超过10万人的研究显示，选择 大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险。 5. How did the researchers arrange the subjects？ A. By the age. B. By the gender. C. By their territory. D. By their staple food. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The researchers divided them into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake.”可知，研究 人员根据他们每周大米和小麦的摄入量将他们分为三组。据此可 知，研究人员是根据主食安排实验对象的。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What can be inferred from the results？ A. We can take in as much rice as possible. B. Wheat intake makes people fat and unhealthy. C. Obesity risks can get lower with the shift of staple food. D. Women are easier to get fat by consuming too much wheat. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。通读第三段可知，结果显示，对男性和女性来说，对 大米的偏好可能与某些肥胖类型的风险较低有关，摄入较多的小麦 与体内脂肪过多的风险较高有关；但是当爱吃小麦的人每周五次把 主食换成大米时，男性肥胖的风险降低了36.5％，女性肥胖的风险 降低了20.5％。据此可以推知，从实验结果中可以推断出，随着主 食的转变，肥胖的风险会降低。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ A. How people cook their meals. B. What people should eat for their health. C. Why people easily get fat by intake of wheat. D. What ingredients should be included in the diet. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 段落大意题。通读第四段可知，小麦粉在烹饪时吸收的水分比大米 少，成为小麦的能量密度比大米高的部分原因；与此同时，以米饭 为基础的饮食模式通常有更多的新鲜蔬菜、豆类、肉类和鱼类。偏 爱小麦的人往往吃大碗的面条，蔬菜或肉类较少，有时甚至有大量 的油。据此可知，第四段主要讲了为什么人们容易因摄入小麦而发 胖。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What can we learn about the results of the research from the last paragraph？ A. More studies should be done to better understand the connection. B. People from different places have different preferences for food. C. Overweight people shouldn’t eat any wheat food. D. People with normal weight won’t gain fat again. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“They also noted that ...reasons for the observed links.”可知，他们还注意到，鉴于幅员辽阔和种族群体多 样，可能需要进一步研究，以充分了解所观察到的联系的区域特殊 性和潜在原因。据此可知，我们应该做更多的研究来更好地理解这 种联系。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　(2023·江苏盐城二模)There was an oak tree in my yard，close to where neighbors parked their cars. One day I saw a big bird surrounding a baby squirrel (松鼠)，as if  　1　 it. So I picked up a rock， and being  　2　 to aim，I threw the rock at the bird...but the stone bounced off a  　3　 breaking the windshield (挡风玻璃) of a new white car. My blood ran cold. 　　In  　4　 yet calmly，I put my personal information under the windshield， went back inside and watched to  　5　 which neighbor’s car window I had destroyed. Later a young man came to the car and I ran out to 　6　 the accident and promised to  　7　. He was a mild and gentle man. He called his relatives—my neighbors，who were also very  　8　. After some  　9　， I knew that they planned to attend a wedding party...and now they had no car！ I quietly cried  　10　 but that made this family even kinder—they  　11　 me and decided to take a taxi. 　　The very next day I received a  　12　 from an agent of the man’s insurance office. In a(n)  　13　 voice of further kindness，she accepted my explanation of how this accidental damage occurred and agreed to  　14　 all. 　　I was impressed by the example set by everyone concerned and what  　15　 looked like. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者用石头打鸟，结果不 小心打破了邻居家亲戚的车窗，结果车主和邻居都对作者很友好， 连保险代理人也友好地接受了作者对这次意外事件的解释，并同意 全部赔偿。事情圆满解决，并给作者留下了深刻的印象。 1. A. parenting B. hunting C. defending D. coaching 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文的“a big bird surrounding a baby squirrel”可知，大鸟围着 松鼠；根据下文的threw the rock at the bird可知，作者用石头打鸟的 目的是救松鼠，由此判断，松鼠有危险，大鸟想猎食松鼠，故选 B。parent“做……的父亲(或母亲)”；hunt“猎取，猎杀”； defend“防御，保卫，保护”；coach“训练，指导”。 2. A. certain B. free C. likely D. willing 答案：A 根据语境可知，此处指作者捡起一块石头；再根据常识可知，作者 应是先确定好打击目标再朝那只鸟扔去。故选A。certain“确定， 肯定”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. car B. relative C. branch D. neighbor 答案：C 根据上文的“There was an oak tree in my yard， close to where neighbors parked their cars.”可知，院子里有一棵橡树，离邻居停车 的地方很近。作者已经瞄准打鸟，但石头改变方向误打到邻居的新 车，而离车近的有橡树，故可推断，应是石头弹到树枝上，故选 C。relative“亲戚”；branch“树枝”；neighbor“邻居”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. delight B. anxiety C. despair D. curiosity 答案：B 下文中的yet表示转折。结合常识可知，打破了别人的挡风玻璃， 作者应是焦虑担忧的。故选B。delight“高兴”；anxiety“焦 虑”；despair“绝望”；curiosity“好奇心”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. imagine B. judge C. record D. see 答案：D 根据下文的“which neighbor’s car window I had destroyed”可知， 作者想看看自己打破了哪家邻居的车窗。故选D。imagine“想 象”；judge“判断”；record“记录”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. explain B. prevent C. witness D. investigate 答案：A 根据语境可知，一个年轻人来到车前，作者跑出去向年轻人解释这 件事发生的原委。故选A。explain“解释”；prevent“阻止”； witness“目击”；investigate“调查”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. take responsibility B. make changes C. turn up D. back down 答案：A 根据语境可知，作者解释原因后，还许诺愿意承担一切责任。故选 A。take responsibility“负责”；make changes“做出改变”；turn up“调高；出现”；back down“放弃”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. confused B. kind C. active D. scared 答案：B 根据上文的“He was a mild and gentle man. He called his relatives— my neighbors， who were also very”可知，邻居和年轻人一样，都 很和蔼。下文的“but that made this family even kinder”也是提示。 故选B。confused“困惑的”；active“积极的”；scared“害怕 的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. conflicts B. examination C. exchanges D. reflection 答案：C 根据下文的“I knew that they planned to attend a wedding party”可 知，这里指双方经过交流，作者才知道他们打算参加婚礼。故选 C。conflict“冲突”；examination“检查”；exchange“交流”； reflection“反射；沉思”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. in relief B. with fear C. in regret D. with anger 答案：C 根据上文的“I quietly cried”可知，作者很后悔破坏了别人的计 划。故选C。in relief“松了口气”；with fear“害怕地”；in regret“后悔地”；with anger“生气地”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. surprised B. inspired C. guided D. comforted 答案：D 根据上文的“but that made this family even kinder”可知， 这家人 不仅没有责备作者，相反还安慰作者，并决定乘坐出租车去参加婚 礼。故选D。inspire“鼓舞”；guide“指引”；comfort“安慰”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据下文的in a(n) 　13　 voice of further kindness可知，此处应是说 作者接到那个男人保险公司的一个代理人的电话，故选D。 receipt“收据”。 根据下文的in a(n) 　13　 voice of further kindness可知，此处应是说 作者接到那个男人保险公司的一个代理人的电话，故选D。 receipt“收据”。 12. A. ticket B. letter C. receipt D. call 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. mixed B. thrilled C. displeased D. unexpected 答案：D 根据常识和下文的“voice of further kindness，she accepted my explanation”可知，作者本以为对方会严肃处理，但是电话中对方 却出乎意料地友好，接受了作者的解释。故选D。mixed“混合 的”；thrilled“极为激动的”；displeased“气愤的”； unexpected“出乎意料的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. sponsor B. cover C. admit D. release 答案：B 下文all指赔偿的费用，故此处应用动词cover表示“足以支付”。 故选B。sponsor“赞助”；admit“承认”；release“释放”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. justice B. optimism C. forgiveness D. sympathy 答案：C 结合上文可知，作者犯了错，打破了别人的车窗，但是取得了车主和邻居的谅解，连保险代理人也对作者很友好，即体现了宽恕他人的品质。故选C。justice“公平”；optimism“乐观”； forgiveness“原谅，宽恕”；sympathy“同情”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$