话题3 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度（2）-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境一　人与自我 主题（一）　生活与学习 话题3　健康的生活方式、 积极的生活态度（2） 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础考点探究 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage1　 阅读理解（2023·全国乙卷·C） 　　What comes into your mind when you think of British food？ Probably fish and chips，or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting？ Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine， it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts，1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients （配料） than they used to，and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills，and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession （痴迷） with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。英国的一些烹饪类电视节 目使更多的英国人改变了饮食习惯并爱上烹饪。 28. What do people usually think of British food？ A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“But is British food really so uninteresting？Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than- impressive cuisine” 可知，英国的食物通常被认为是简单的、不吸 引人的。故选A。 29. Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV？ A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”可知，英国的 烹饪类电视节目对观众影响很大，改变了他们对烹饪的看法。故选 D。authoritative“权威性的”；creative“富有创意的”； profitable“有利可图的”；influential“有很大影响的”。 30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now？ A. 20％. B. 24％. C. 25％. D. 33％. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients than they used to”可知，近三分之一的 人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更丰富了，故选D。 31. What might the author continue talking about？ A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可 知，随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩喜欢烹饪不再是 “不酷”的事了。因此可推断，接下来作者可能会介绍一些电视节 目中的男厨师。故选B。 【词汇识记】 1. cuisine n.烹饪；（餐厅或酒店的）特制饭菜，菜肴 2. recipe n.配方；食谱 3. meat-and-two-veg一荤两素 4. documentary n.纪录片；纪录影片；纪实广播（或电视）节目 adj. 文件的；文献的；记录的 5. cookery n.烹饪；烹调；烹饪术 6. expand v.扩大 7. schedule n.日程安排；工作计划；（电视或广播）节目表 vt.安 排；预定 8. thanks to多亏了 9. have a reputation for 以……著称 10. rather than 而不是；而不 11. stick to 坚持 12. advertising campaign广告宣传活动 13. turn away from sth.停止使用某物，拒绝 14. apply for申请 15. analyse vt.分析，剖析→analysis n.分析，剖析→analyst n.分析者 16. adventure n.历险，奇遇→adventurous adj.冒险的；危险的 17. reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达（意见）；反映→reflection n.映 像；反射；思考 【难句分析】 1. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine， it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. [译文选择] A. 尽管英国以不那么令人印象深刻的美食而闻名，但它正在培养 更多的顶级厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的食谱 经常位居畅销书榜首。 B. 尽管英国的厨师有着很高的声望，但英国正在培养更多的顶级 厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常位居畅 销书榜首。（ ） A [结构分析] Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine是 让步状语从句；who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists是两个定语从句，修饰先行词 top class chefs。 2. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. [译文选择] A. 感谢这些电视节目的厨师们和电视广告宣传活动，英国人正在 对一荤两素和现成的饭菜失去兴趣，且在烹饪习惯上变得更有冒险 精神。 B. 多亏了这些电视节目的厨师们，而不是任何广告宣传活动，英 国人正在对一荤两素和现成的饭菜失去兴趣，且在烹饪习惯上变得 更有冒险精神。（ ） [结构分析] 本句是一个强调句，被强调部分是“thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign”。 B Passage2　 阅读七选五（2019·全国Ⅱ卷） 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了激发动力的方 法：要对自己有正确的评价；需要判断你的动机的质量和深度；设 定现实的目标。 　　Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.  　36　Like the child on the diving board， you will stay undecided. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself？ C. However，this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals？ E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 答案：G 空格前有“motivation and goal setting”，而且说它们是同一枚硬币 的两面，缺一不可，由此可知，此处讲动力与设定目标的关系，故 G项“没有动力，你既不能设定目标也不能实现它”符合语境。 　　 　37　More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc. Only then should you set your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself？ C. However，this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals？ E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 答案：B 根据空格后的“更进一步说，你如何保持动力达到目标？”可知， 空格处为比此句层次稍浅的提问，B项“那么你应如何激励自 己？”符合语境。 You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.  　38　So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity （清晰） of thoughts can help you move forward. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself？ C. However，this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals？ E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 答案：A 空前说，有时候你的心思不在工作上，这样会导致“影响你的工 作”的结果，故选A项。 Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible. 　39　 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself？ C. However，this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals？ E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 答案：E 根据空格前的“goals are flexible”可知，目标是灵活的，故E项 “它们可以根据情况而改变”与之对应。 　　Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example， you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 　40　 You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself？ C. However，this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals？ E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 答案：C 根据空格前举的例子，想当飞行员，但视力不够好，你不能因为视 力不够好就泄气，你得把自己当飞行员的目标换一下，重新设定一 个目标，可知，C项“然而，这不应该使你气馁”与之对应。 【词汇识记】 1. lack vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足 2. undecided adj.悬而未决；未拿定主意 3. desire v.& n.渴望 4. depth n.深度 5. commitment n.承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身 6. realistic adj.现实的；实际的；逼真的 7. objective n.目的，目标 adj.客观的 8. ample adj.足够的；丰裕的 9. the two sides of the same coin 一个问题的两方面 10. be related to 与……有关 11. slow down 减速 12. motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；诱发→motivating adj.起激 励作用的；激发（人）的→motivation n.动力，积极性 13. evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n.评估，评价 14. equal adj.平等的→equally adv.平等地→equality n.平等 15. flexible adj.易适应的；灵活的→flexibly adv.易适应地；灵活地 →flexibility n.灵活；柔韧性 16. imagine v.想象→imaginary adj.想象中的，假想的，虚构的 →imaginative adj.富有想象力的→imagination n.想象，想象力 17. measure v.测量；度量；（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为 n.措 施；方法→measurable adj.可测量的；重要的 【难句分析】 Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths. [译文选择] A. 另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，记住 你的信仰、价值观和优势。 B. 另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的长处和短处，记住你的 信仰、价值观和优势。（ ） A [结构分析] 本句是一个简单句。不定式短语to analyze...作表语，keeping...是现 在分词短语作伴随状语。 [话题词汇回测] 1. v.扩大 2. n.日程安排；工作计划；（电视或广播）节目表 vt. 安排；预定 3. vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足 4. v.& n.渴望 5. n.深度 6. adj.现实的；实际的；逼真的 7. n.目的，目标 adj.客观的 expand　 schedule　 lack　 desire　 depth　 realistic　 objective　 8. adj.足够的；丰裕的 9. n.承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身 10. 而不是；而不 11. 坚持 12. 以……著称 13. ⁠停止使用某物，拒绝 14. ⁠申请 15. 一个问题的两方面 16. 与……有关 ample　 commitment　 rather than　 stick to　 have a reputation for　 turn away from sth.　 apply for　 the two sides of the same coin　 be related to　 17. 减速 18. reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达（意见）；反映→ n. 映像；反射；思考 19. motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；诱发→ adj. 起激励作用的；激发（人）的→ n.动力，积极性 20. evaluate vt.评估，评价→ n.评估，评价 21. analyse vt.分析，剖析→ n.分析，剖析 22. flexible adj.易适应的；灵活的→ adv.易适应地；灵 活地→ n.灵活；柔韧性 slow down　 reflection　 motivating　 motivation　 evaluation　 analysis　 flexibly　 flexibility　 23. imagine v.想象→ adj.想象中的，假想的，虚构的 → adj.富有想象力的→ n.想象，想 象力 24. measure v.测量；度量；（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为 n.措 施；方法→ adj. 可测量的；重要的 25. equal adj.平等的→ adv.平等地→ n.平等 26. adventure n.历险，奇遇→ adj.冒险的；危险的 imaginary　 imaginative　 imagination　 measurable　 equally　 equality　 adventurous　 第二组 Passage1　 阅读理解（2018·全国Ⅱ卷·B） 　　Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries， strawberries are highest in vitamin C， although， because of their seeds， raspberries contain a little more protein （蛋白质）， iron and zinc （not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants （抗氧化物 质）. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries （樱桃）， they are so delicious who cares？ However， they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits， frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick， cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose， select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like， a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks， depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert， to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party； they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了七月给我 们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们它们富含的营养和可以 制成的美食。 24. What does the author seem to like about cherries？ A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A. C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants. 答案：C 细节理解题。由第二段中的“As for cherries， they are so delicious who cares？[至于樱桃，它们味道甜美，（至于其他方面）谁会在 乎呢？]”可知，C项陈述与之吻合。A、D两项曲解文义，第二段 说山莓富含蛋白质，蓝莓富含抗氧化物质，因此这两项不是樱桃的 特点；B项张冠李戴，文章说桃子等核果类的水果含有能转化为维 生素A且是抗氧化物质的类胡萝卜素。 25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas？ A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour. C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据题干中的fresh lemon juice可以定位到第三段最后 部分。由“If you like， a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”可知，往香蕉上挤一些新鲜的柠 檬汁能保护香蕉在冷冻的时候不变色，故选B项。A、C、D三项无 中生有。文章没有提到新鲜的柠檬汁能让冷冻的香蕉闻起来更好、 成熟得更快或增加香蕉的营养。 26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph？ A. A dessert. B. A drink. C. A container. D. A machine. 答案：D 词义猜测题。最后一段中画线词处的语境提到“喂食”（feed in），“吐出”（out comes），“放进机器的顶部”（into the top of the machine），从这些信息词判断画线词指的是一种机器，因此 选D。A、B、C三项曲解文义。从语境的关键词判断，该词指的不 是甜点、饮料或容器，而是榨汁的机器。 27. From which is the text probably taken？ A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure. 答案：B 文章出处题。从全文内容看，第一段提到丰收的七月带来的果实， 说这些水果好比储存营养的小“动力室”；第二段提到山莓等各种 水果含有的维生素等营养成分；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作 各种美食。因此本文应该摘选自健康类的杂志。故选B项。A、C、 D三项曲解文义。从文章内容看，本文不是出自生物教科书、科研 论文或旅行手册。 【词汇识记】 1. abundance n.充裕，丰富 2. jewel n.宝石；珠宝 3. powerhouse n.精力充沛的人，身强力壮的人；强大的集团（或组 织）；强国 4. nutritional adj.营养的，营养成分的 5. slice n.（切下的食物）薄片，片 6. shake n.摇动；奶昔 vt.动摇；摇动；震动；握手 7. purpose n.意图；目的；用途；目标 8. squeeze v.挤压；捏；（从某物中）榨出，挤出，拧出 n.挤压； 捏；榨出的液体 9. remove v.移开；拿开；去掉；从……机构开除； 脱去（衣服 等）；摘下 10. contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛→container n.容器 11. ripe adj.熟的，成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen v.使成熟→ ripeness n.成熟；老练；完成 12. freeze v.冰冻→frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的→freezing adj.冰冻 的；极冷的→freezer n.冰箱；冰柜 【熟词生义】（写出句中黑体词的汉语意思） If you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. ⁠ 把……放进（机器）　 【难句分析】 This makes a fun activity for a children’s party； they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. [译文选择] A. 这可以成为孩子们聚会时的有趣活动；他们喜欢吃机器顶部的 水果和冷冻香蕉，然后看着从它的下面出来的冰激凌。 B. 这可以成为孩子们聚会时的有趣活动；他们喜欢把水果和冷冻 香蕉放进机器的顶部，然后看着冰激凌从它的下面出来。（ ） [结构分析] 本句是一个由分号连接的并列句。第二个分句中主语是they； 谓语 是love，宾语是由and连接的feeding和watching短语。 B Passage2　 完形填空（2020·浙江卷） 　　I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.I use a small tractor to get about.My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat. One morning I 　36　 a lost lamb when I was in the top field， near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its  　37　， so I jumped out of the tractor to  　38　 it while Don stayed in his seat. Lamb and mother 　39　， I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.This was so  　4011　 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.  　41　 Don had somehow made the  　42　 move. My heart froze in my chest as I  　43　 the tractor heading towards the  　44　.I ran desperately but failed to  　45　.It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.The  　46　 thing I saw was Don’s face， looking calmly back at me. Heart in mouth， I  　47　 the fence and looked over.The tractor was  　48　 against the crash barrier in the central reservation， having miraculously （奇迹般地） crossed the  　49　 road with fast- flowing traffic.I couldn’t see Don， but as I  　50　 the tractor he jumped out onto the road， apparently  　51　， and dashed back to me. The police  　52　 and the motorway ran normally again.I couldn’t quite believe my  　53　—it turned out no one got badly hurt， but the outcome could have been  　54　.Don was given a special  　55　 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者和自 己狗狗的一次有惊无险的经历。作者停下拖拉机并拉起手刹，去照 看迷路的小羊，结果坐在副驾驶座上的狗狗将拖拉机开动。作者非 常害怕，幸运的是拖拉机最后穿过车水马龙的高速公路抵在防撞栏 上，没有造成伤害。为了这次有惊无险的事件，作者晚上给狗狗一 顿好饭以示安慰。 36. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned 答案：B 上文交代作者是一位牧羊人，根据空后的a lost lamb可知，作者发 现了（spot）一只跑丢的小羊。drop掉落；carry携带；return返回， 归还。 37. A. kids B. friends C. owner D. mother 答案：D 根据上文的a lost lamb及第三段首句中的mother可知，是小羊和它 的妈妈（mother）走散了。 38. A. ask about B. play with C. tend to D. run into 答案：C 作者跳下拖拉机自然是想去照顾（tend to）小羊。tend to sb./sth.“照顾某人/某物，照料某人/某物”，符合题意。ask about 询问；play with与……玩耍；run into偶然遇见。 39. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined 答案：C 根据下文的I turned back可知，小羊和妈妈重聚（reunite）了。free 松开，免除；switch转换；examine检查。 40. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult 答案：A “我”转身回来的时候，猛地发现车子突然离“我”而去，结合下 文“我出来的时候已经拉了手刹”可知，这个事情是作者没有想到 的（unexpected）。dangerous危险的；embarrassing令人尴尬的； difficult困难的，难对付的。 41. A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Immediately D. Obviously 答案：D 根据上文可知，只有狗狗在车上，显然（obviously）是它让拖 拉机动起来的。fortunately幸运地；generally一般说来； immediately立即。 42. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence 答案：B 此处说的是拖拉机，即车辆（vehicle）。 43. A. saw B. stopped C. remembered D. drove 答案：A 当作者看着拖拉机向着高速公路冲过去时，心都提到嗓子眼儿了。 此处指作者自己亲眼所见，故选saw。 44. A. crowd B. motorway C. field D. hill 答案：B 由后面的the motorway ran normally again可知，是冲向高速公路 （motorway）。 45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out 答案：B 根据上文的ran desperately和下文的拖拉机冲过一个木栅栏然后就不 见了可知，作者没能追上（catch up）它。take off起飞；hold back 忍住；get out出去。 46. A. real B. best C. basic D. last 答案：D 根据上文的disappeared可知，此处描述作者在拖拉机消失前看到的 最后（last）一幕是狗狗回头镇静地看他。 47. A. fixed B. noticed C. reached D. closed 答案：C 作者提心吊胆地赶到（reach）栅栏边查看。fix修理，安装；notice 发现，注意；close关闭。 48. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning 答案：A 根据下文的against the crash barrier可知，拖拉机被防撞栏挡住，停 了下来。rest against“停靠”，符合语境。此处考查了rest的熟词生 义：rest v.（熟义）休息→（生义）（被）支撑，（使）倚靠。 49. A. steep B. long C. rough D. busy 答案：D 根据with fast-flowing traffic可知，拖拉机穿过了交通繁忙的 （busy）高速公路。steep陡峭的；long长的；rough崎岖的。 50. A. abandoned B. approached C. recognized D. repaired 答案：B 当作者靠近（approach）拖拉机的时候，狗狗跳了下来。abandon抛 弃；recognize认出；repair修理。 51. A. unclean B. uncertain C. unhurt D. unhappy 答案：C 狗狗自己从车上跳下来，很明显并未受伤（unhurt）。 52. A. arrived B. replied C. survived D. waited 答案：A 警察到（arrive）了，高速公路又正常运行了。 53. A. ability B. dream C. luck D. idea 答案：C 根据下文的it turned out no one got badly hurt可知，作者真不敢相信 自己的好运气（luck）。 54. A. common B. confusing C. desirable D. awful 答案：D 此处用虚拟语气表示假设，这个事故的结果本可能很可怕 （awful）。common常见的；confusing令人困惑的；desirable令人 向往的。 55. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson 答案：A 根据下文的解释说明，作者不想让狗狗觉得自己生气了可推测，作 者给了狗狗一顿好饭（meal）作为安慰。 【词汇识记】 1. tractor n.拖拉机 2. reservation n.预订；预约；保留意见 3. dash n.（汽车的）仪表板；破折号；冲击；猛冲，急奔 v.使破 灭，冲击；猛冲 4. reunite vt.使重聚；使再结合 5. vehicle n.交通工具；车辆 6. spot n.地点；斑点 v.认出；弄脏；注意到 7. approach vt.接近；找（某人）商量；着手处理 n.接近；通路；方 法；步骤 8. outcome n.结果；成果 9. awful adj.可怕的；糟糕的；使人敬畏的 10. get about走动；出行；（消息）传开；四处走动；各处拜访 11. turn out 结果是；原来是；最后是 12. catch up赶上；追上；跟上 13. hold back 阻止，阻挡；忍住（眼泪、笑声等） 14. put the handbrake on 拉上手刹 15. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survivor n.幸存者；幸免者 →survival n.幸存，幸免 16. desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的→desperately adv.绝望地，拼 命地，不顾一切地；非常，极其→desperation n.绝望；拼命， 不顾一切 17. fail v.失败；不及格；未做；未履行（某事）；衰退→failure n. 失败的人（或事物） 【熟词生义】（写出句中黑体词的汉语意思） 1. The lamb had become separated from its mother， so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat. ⁠ 2. The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation， having miraculously crossed the busy road with fast- flowing traffic. ⁠ 照管；照看　 （使）倚靠　 【难句分析】 1. One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field， near where a motorway cuts through my land. [译文选择] A. 一天早晨，我发现了一只迷路的小羊，当时我就在田野的高 处，附近有一条高速公路穿过我的土地。 B. 一天早晨，我发现了一只迷路的小羊，当时我就在肥沃的田野 里，附近有一条高速公路穿过我的土地。（ ） [结构分析] 本句中when引导时间状语从句，near where 引导定语从句。 A 2. Lamb and mother reunited， I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. [译文选择] A. 小羊和妈妈团聚了，我转回身向拖拉机走去，结果却看到它突 然从我身边开走了。 B. 小羊和妈妈团聚了，我转回身向拖拉机走去，只看到它突然从 我身边溜了出去。（ ） [结构分析] 本句Lamb and mother reunited是独立主格结构，only to see it move suddenly away from me表示预料之外的结果。 A [话题词汇回测] 1. n.充裕，丰富 2. n.（切下的食物）薄片，片 3. n.摇动；奶昔 vt.动摇；摇动；震动；握手 4. n.意图；目的；用途；目标 5. v.挤压；捏；（从某物中）榨出，挤出，拧出 n.挤 压；捏；榨出的液体 6. n.预订；预约；保留意见 abundance　 slice　 shake　 purpose　 squeeze　 reservation　 7. n.（汽车的）仪表板；破折号；冲击；猛冲，急奔 v.使 破灭，冲击；猛冲 8. vt.使重聚；使再结合 9. n.交通工具；车辆 10. n.地点；斑点 v.认出；弄脏；注意到 11. vt.接近；找（某人）商量；着手处理 n.接近；通 路；方法；步骤 12. n.结果；成果 13. adj.可怕的；糟糕的；使人敬畏的 dash　 reunite　 vehicle　 spot　 approach　 outcome　 awful　 14. v.移开；拿开；去掉；从……机构开除；脱去（衣 服等）；摘下 15. 结果是；原来是；最后是 16. ⁠赶上；追上；跟上 17. 阻止，阻挡；忍住（眼泪、笑声等） 18. 走动；出行；（消息）传开；四处走动；各处 拜访 19. contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛→ n.容器 remove　 turn out　 catch up　 hold back　 get about　 container　 20. ripe adj.熟的，成熟的；时机成熟的→ v.使成熟 → n.成熟；老练；完成 21. freeze v.冰冻→ adj.冷冻的；冷藏的→ ⁠ adj.冰冻的；极冷的→ n.冰箱；冰柜 22. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→ n.幸存者；幸免者 → n.幸存，幸免 23. desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的→ adv.绝望地，拼 命地，不顾一切地；非常，极其→ n.绝望；拼命， 不顾一切 24. fail v.失败；不及格；未做；未履行（某事）；衰退 → n.失败的人（或事物） ripen　 ripeness　 frozen　 freezing　 freezer　 survivor　 survival　 desperately　 desperation　 failure　 基础考点探究 重点词汇 1. lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Because of their lack self-discipline，they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. ②It is obvious that the young girl is （lack） in useful skills. of　 lacking　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③尽管缺乏经验，他们还是设法有效地组织了救援。 ，they managed to organise the rescue effectively. Though lacking experience　 ◎归纳拓展 •（a） lack of缺少…… for/through lack of因缺少…… •lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的 be lacking in在……方面缺乏 ◎写作素材 a lack of knowledge about the computer对电脑缺乏了解 be completely lacking in originality 完全没有创意 2. desire n.渴望v.渴望；期望 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①If you desire （challenge） yourself，there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts. ②A measure of technical knowledge is （desire） in this job. to challenge　 desirable　 『写美』读后续写之励志描写 ③每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 →Everyone ⁠ success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.（desire n.） →Everyone ⁠ while success only belongs to the hard-working people.（desire v.） has a desire for　 desires to succeed　 ◎归纳拓展 •a desire for sth.渴望得到某物 have a desire to do/that...有……的欲望/愿望 •desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 desire that sb.（should＋） do希望某人做…… •desirable adj.向往的；值得拥有的 ◎写作素材 desire to win the game渴望赢得比赛 the desire to look attractive is universal爱美之心，人皆有之 achieve the desired effect达到预期效果 have a strong desire to help and care for people 非常渴望能够帮助和 照顾他人 3. relate v.相联系，有关联；使有联系；把……联系起来；叙述； 讲述 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①We must relate these principles ⁠ our everyday work. ②I am not （relate） to him in any way. ③It’s unfortunate when a father and son can’t relate ⁠ each other. to　 related　 to　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。 →You should write down all the information ⁠ the problem.（relate） →You should write down all the information ⁠ the problem.（relation） related to　 in relation to　 ◎归纳拓展 •related adj.有关系的，相关的 be related to 与……有关系 •relate...to...向……讲述；把……联系起来 relate to...和……有关联 •relation n.联系，关系 in relation to与……有关；关于；与……相比 ◎写作素材 have some comments to make in relation to this matter关于这件事有几 点看法 4. reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达（意见）；反映；反射；显示 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Reflecting her volunteer experience，Tina felt proud. ②She was extremely pretty，and her house was a ⁠ （reflect） of herself，everything in good taste and in perfect order. on　 reflection　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③我们的报纸旨在反映当地社区的意见。 Our newspaper aims to ⁠. reflect the views of the local community　 ◎归纳拓展 •reflect...in...在……中映出……的影像 reflect on/upon sth.反省/认真思考某事 •reflection n.反射；反映；映像；沉思；思考 on reflection再三考虑 ◎写作素材 reflect on my own decision反思自己的决定 the face was reflected in the mirror脸映照在镜子里 5. imagine vt.想象；设想；猜想 vi.想象；设想 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Can you imagine him （refuse） to accept the task？ ②You can do almost everything with it，and your ⁠ （imagine） is the only border. refusing　 imagination　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③据说这本书中所有人物都是虚构的。 It is said that ⁠. all the characters in the book are imaginary　 ◎归纳拓展 •imagine sth./doing sth.想象（做）某事 •imagination n.想象；想象力 imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的 imaginative adj.富有想象力的 ◎写作素材 have a vivid imagination有生动的想象力 a more imaginative approach 一种更有想象力的方式 6. measure v.估量，衡量；测量；评定n.措施；标准 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①According to the lecture，you can’t measure someone ⁠ their appearance and the clothes they wear. ②In the US，distance is （measure） in miles. ③He was on the front lawn， （measure） out two circles. by　 measured　 measuring　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④（普通表达）We will do something to prevent the river from being polluted. （高级表达）We will ⁠ to prevent the river from being polluted. take measures　 ◎归纳拓展 •measure...by...用……来衡量…… be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算 •take measures/steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事 make sth.to one’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物 •measurement n.尺寸；大小；测量 ◎写作素材 measure the width of the gap测量一下这条缝隙的宽度 take lots of measurements 得到许多测量结果 7. approach n.方法；接近；路径 v.接近，靠近；接洽；着手处理 『练会』 单句语法填空 ① （approach） the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. ②They have a special approach to （bring） up their children. Approaching　 bringing　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③随着考试的临近，许多学生变得越来越紧张。 ，many students are becoming increasingly nervous. With the examination approaching　 ◎归纳拓展 •approach sth./sb.接近某物/某人 •an approach to （doing） sth.（做）某事的方法/途径；接近，近似 •with...approaching在……快到的时候 ◎写作素材 take a different approach to the problem采用另一种方法来解决 这一问题 approach the end of the year 接近年末 take the wrong approach in her dealings with them她用错误的手段和 他们打交道 8. hold back阻挡；阻拦；隐瞒；控制（感情等） 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①She kept trying to hold ⁠ her tears. ②We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold ⁠. ③We were held ⁠ for nearly an hour on our way by the traffic accident. back　 out　 up　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④当我觉得自己无法继续努力的时候，你帮我坚持住了。 at times when I didn’t think I could even go on trying. You helped me （to） hold on　 ◎归纳拓展 hold up举起；使耽搁，延迟，阻碍 hold down压制；限制 hold out （在困境中）坚持；伸出手；提供；维持；抵抗 hold on 挺住；坚持住；（打电话）别挂断；抓紧；不放开 ◎写作素材 hold on to the last坚持到最后 be able to hold down a full-time job能够保住一份全职工作 9. contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；克制；抑制（感情等）；防 止……蔓延（或恶化） 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The class experiment that day was to show how heating a （contain） of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. ②When taking up the prize，the young participant couldn’t contain （him） for joy，grinning from ear to ear. container　 himself　 『写美』 读后续写之心理描写 ③他忍不住气，转过身来，愤怒地咆哮道：“到底是谁干的？” ，he turned around and roared angrily，“Who on earth did it？” Unable to contain his anger　 ◎归纳拓展 •contain one’s anger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings克制愤怒/失望/ 好奇/情感 contain oneself控制自己；自制 •container n.容器；集装箱；货柜 ◎写作素材 couldn’t contain oneself无法克制自己 unable to contain her anger无法克制她的愤怒 hardly contain my curiosity几乎无法克制我的好奇心 10. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；比……活的时间长 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①A plane crashed yesterday，and there were no ⁠ （survive）. ②Amy’s only chance of （survive） was a liver transplant. survivors　 survival　 『写美』 读后续写之升华佳句 ③生活不在于如何在风暴中幸存而在于学会在风雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn’t about ；it’s about learning to dance in the rain. how to survive the storm　 ◎归纳拓展 •survive sth.在……中幸免于难，挺过…… survive on sth.靠……存活 survive sb.by...years比某人多活了……年 •survivor n.幸存者 survival n.幸存，幸免 ◎写作素材 survive the severe winter挺过这个严冬 survive her husband by ten years比她丈夫多活10年 经典句型 Only then should you set your goals.只有这个时候，你才能设定你 的目标。 [句型公式]　此句为部分倒装句。 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Hardly （have） he arrived home when it began to rain. ②Neither was the price satisfactory， ⁠ did the color agree with me. had　 nor　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③I will never forget the accident that happened in my own childhood， which left a deep impression on me. →Never ，which left a deep impression on me. will I forget the accident that happened in my own childhood ④She attaches great importance to reading.She spares at least 20 minutes every day to read. → ⁠ at least 20 minutes every day to read.（用not only...but also合 并升级为倒装句） Not only does she attach great importance to reading，but she also spares　 ◎归纳拓展 •only＋状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 •never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly等表示否定意义的词位于句 首时，主句用部分倒装。 •not only...but also...连接并列复合句且not only位于句首时，not only 部分用部分倒装。 •Hardly/Scarcely...when，No sooner...than，not until...位于句首时， 主句用部分倒装。 •so...that.../such...that...句式中的“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名 词”位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 •表示“也（不）……”时，“so/neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/be ＋主语”用部分倒装。 •as/though引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。 ◎写作素材 We ask others not to judge people by their appearances in life，of course，nor can we do that ourselves.我们要求别人在生活中不要以 貌取人，当然我们自己也不能那样做。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. A lack ⁠ evidence made it difficult for him to prove his innocence. 2. The solution they proposed was a （reflect） of their attitude to disposable packaging. 3. One limitation is （relate） to the way the museum presents its exhibits. 4. A scientist， as well as a writer， must be creative and （imagine）. of　 reflection　 related　 imaginative　 5. Failure can never defeat me but only increase my desire ⁠ （succeed）. 6. Our teachers often place stress on the importance of diligence in the approach ⁠ success. 7. Only by turning to her father for help （do） the girl settle the problem at last. 8. Stick to （do） more exercise，and you will bring your weight down soon. to succeed　 to　 did　 doing　 9. Peter，who holds an important position in a leather company， is quite equal ⁠ his work. 10. The father as well as his three children goes skating on the （freeze） river every Sunday afternoon in winter. to　 frozen　 Ⅱ.完成句子 1. She closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt ⁠ （忍住眼泪）. 2. Only when you lose everything （你才会理 解） the meaning of having it. 3. I hope in years to come he will （反省自 己的决定 ）. 4. （随着春节的临近），a good many rural workers began to return home. 5. It’s difficult to imagine him ⁠ （毫不犹豫地接受这个决定）. to hold back the tears　 will you understand　 reflect on his decision　 With the Spring Festival approaching　 accepting the decision without any hesitation　 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点（根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子） 　　①因为痴迷于电脑游戏，汤姆生病了而且发烧。 Because he ，Tom ⁠ and ⁠. ②他妈妈担心他的健康，把他送进了医院。 His mother ⁠ and sent him to hospital. was crazy about computer games　 fell ill　 had a fever　 was anxious about his health　 ③医生说他的病与不健康的生活方式有关。 The doctor said that his illness ⁠ ⁠. ④医生建议汤姆至少一周锻炼两次，并保持均衡饮食。 The doctor advised Tom to ⁠ and ⁠. ⑤汤姆听从了医生的建议，几天后他恢复了健康。 Tom followed the doctor’s advice and he ⁠ a few days later. was connected with his unhealthy lifestyle　 take exercise at least twice a week　 keep a balanced diet　 picked up　 Step 2　表达升级（改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级） 　　①用that’s because ...改写句① ⁠ ⁠ ②用advise跟宾语从句改写句④ ⁠ ⁠  　Tom fell ill with a fever and that’s because he was crazy about computer games.　  　The doctor advised that Tom （should） take exercise at least twice a week and keep a balanced diet.　  　　Tom fell ill with a fever and that’s because he was crazy about computer games.His mother was anxious about his health and sent him to hospital.The doctor said that his illness was connected with his unhealthy lifestyle.Then the doctor advised that Tom （should） take exercise at least twice a week and keep a balanced diet.Finally Tom followed the doctor’s advice and he picked up a few days later.　 Step 3　衔接成文（利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇） ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 微型写作——续写提升练 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容写出最后两段内所空出的四个句 子，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　I had a secret. I had been thinking about the decision for some time， but hadn’t discussed it with anyone. As an English Language Arts teacher in my fourth year， I had to leave my beloved profession. I kept praying for a sign to stay， but my father was very ill and needed someone to take care of him. Although many students liked my class and I had received hundreds of letters from former students appreciating my influence on their lives， I still made this difficult decision. It was nearing the end of what I had come to think of as my last year. A senior named Lyric， who was my assistant， asked if I could meet him and another student named Ari for dinner to discuss how to prepare for college. I agreed but didn’t think anything of it. It was on a Saturday evening and my schedule for that day was already packed. I attended an academic conference that morning and then spent the next four hours at the boys’ basketball game where I was the assistant coach of the school team. By the time the game ended， I had about an hour to get to the dinner. I was so tired that I almost called Lyric to re-schedule. But I had promised， so I got in my car and headed to the restaurant. As I was walking up to the restaurant， I saw Lyric， Ari， and Sal， another former student， all dressed up. I asked Lyric， “Why are you guys so dressed up？” He responded， “Follow us and you’ll see.”The three of them led me to the outside patio （露台） where there was a long table full of some forty students. They had decorated the patio with fairy lights and flowers， and the table was adorned （装 饰） with a beautiful tablecloth and candles. They had even prepared my favorite dishes and drinks！ When they saw me， they all stood up and started clapping. ① ⁠ I was overwhelmed with emotions， holding back tears. More than the physical gifts they all gave me， the most valuable gift they collectively gave me that night at the dinner table was making me feel like I mattered. ② ⁠ Each one of them prepared a gift for me and hugged me， thanking me for what I had done for them and expressing their love to me.　 They had no idea just how much this meal meant to me. A week later， I was voted Teacher of the Year. ③ ⁠ ⁠ As the applause died down， I took a deep breath and delivered a speech. “Thank you all so much for this honor. I’m truly grateful. And I have to say that my students inspire me every day and I decide to stay with them all the time.” The hall erupted in cheers and applause again.④ ⁠ When I stood on the stage to receive the award， my colleagues and students applauded me.　 I smiled， feeling a sense of warmth.　 课时作业 [话题语篇强化] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A （2023·山东济南质检）If you’ve followed dieting advice and experienced significant weight loss，only to have it return，you’re not alone.It’s also not your fault.The human body is designed to maintain balance as much as possible.In a restricted calorie environment，the body adapts to using fewer calories each day to function.This leads to a slowing metabolism （新陈代谢），which makes it even more difficult to lose weight and ultimately leads to gaining weight again.Muscle is more metabolically active than fat，which means it burns more calories at rest than fat does.If your body starts breaking down muscle to fuel its basic functions，that can further slow your metabolism and make losing weight and keeping it off difficult. 　　Because the body wants to preserve weight，a slow approach to losing extra pounds is healthier than sharply cutting calories. It’s better to pace your weight loss by eating just enough calories to keep you at a deficit while still meeting most of your body’s energy needs. This will help keep your metabolism working efficiently. 　　Determining the number of calories you need to eat to meet that rate of weight loss will depend on several factors，including your age， starting weight，activity level and sex. Candace Pumper，a staff dietitian at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center in Columbus，says，“The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics position statement on adult weight management recommends 1，200 to 1，500 calories per day for women and 1，500 to 1，800 calories per day for men to support weight loss.” 　　She notes， however， “those guidelines are not meant to substitute for professional nutritional advice or treatment. It’s recommended that individuals follow the advice of their dietitian’s guidance regarding appropriate calorie intake，as many factors affect calorie needs.” She also notes that if one is looking to lose weight quickly，he has to work with and be supervised by a health care provider. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭示了人们减肥 很难且在减肥之后还很容易反弹的原因，并提出了减肥时需要注意 的一些事项。 1. Why do people gain weight after dieting for long？ A. The muscle burns fewer calories at rest than fat. B. The body functions slowly because of dieting. C. It is hard for you to strike a balance while in hunger. D. It is impossible to have a long-term effect. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a restricted calorie environment ...This leads to a slowing metabolism， which makes it even more difficult to lose weight and ultimately leads to gaining weight again.”可知，卡路里摄入不足时，人体的新陈代谢会变慢，这使 得减肥甚至更难，最终让人再次增重，故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What does the underlined part “at a deficit” probably mean in paragraph 2？ A. Being improper. B. Being unhealthy. C. Being inadequate. D. Being unnecessary. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据画线短语前面的“pace your weight loss by eating just enough calories”和后面的“while still meeting most of your body’s energy needs”可知，你要确保摄入的卡路里不会那么多，但 同时还能满足身体的能量需求，故画线短语的意思应该与C项的意 思最为接近，故C项正确。inadequate“不足的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. Which of the following may determine calorie loss？ ①age　②weight　③identity　④gender A. ②③④ B. ①②③ C. ①②④ D. ①③④ 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Determining the number ...that rate of weight loss will depend on several factors，including your age， starting weight，activity level and sex.”可知，影响减肥的因素有年 龄、初始体重、活动量和性别等，故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What is suggested in the last paragraph？ A. Individual efforts matter a lot. B. Professional advice is important. C. Calorie needs vary from person to person. D. Health care providers can be relied on for weight gain. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，最后一段给减肥人士的建 议是接受专业人士的指导和监督，故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B 　　（2023·湖北武汉调研）Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger，or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of lively shades and hues （色 调） of sweet treats？If so，you are in good company.Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting，we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value. 　　Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D. Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption recognize the impact of sensory cues （信号） on food consumption and enjoyment，and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes （方案） on taste and food enjoyment. They note that pink food on a white plate was considered sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate.Apparently，we consume food with more of our senses than we realize. 　　So when we’re faced with so many appealing food choices and given the rainbow of colors around us，is there any way to control our appetite？Thankfully，some research says yes. 　　Oliver Genschow demonstrated that when it comes to eating less， colors impact consumption.They specifically researched the effect of the color red.They found that people ate fewer pretzels when using a red plate，as opposed to white or blue，and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup.They suggested that the color red reduces food and drink intake by functioning as a stop signal. 　　But when it comes to healthy eating，instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues，consider the value of discipline.Healthy eating involves intentional choices，not mindless responses to sensory cues.And before you invest in much red tableware to slim down，remember that what goes onto the plates is much more important. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了颜色对人 的胃口有影响，同时在文章的最后一段中，作者就健康饮食给出了 建议。 5. What may be a major reason for us to refuse eye-catching food？ A. The shortage of nutrition. B. The rich color of fine foods. C. The doctor’s instructions. D. Advertisements everywhere. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Unless we are ...the lack of nutritional value.”可知，人们之所以可以拒绝诱人的食物，很大的 原因在于有医嘱或进食限制，故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What might be dealt with in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption？ A. Benefits of different color schemes. B. Interesting examples of food service. C. The potential to promote food consumption. D. Effects of sensory cues on eating behavior. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption recognize ...promote healthy eating behavior”可知，A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption可能讨论感官信号对 饮食行为有什么影响，故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph？ A. Follow the sensory response. B. Make food choices sensibly. C. Wear sunglasses to block colors. D. Avoid colorful food intentionally. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy eating involves intentional choices，not mindless responses to sensory cues ...remember that what goes onto the plates is much more important.”可以看出，作者建议人 们明智地做出食物选择，故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What is the best title for the text？ A. How Can People Control Their Appetite？ B. How Are People Tricked by Color Schemes？ C. How Do Colors Impact Food’s Appeal and Appetite？ D. How Do Bright Colors Make Food More Appealing？ 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。文章第一段引入话题，讲述了人们可能会被色彩艳丽 的食物激起食欲；第二段援引研究发现证实色彩会对人的饮食行为 产生影响；第三段将话题过渡到一些研究表明我们是可以控制食欲 的；第四段以红色为例具体阐释颜色对进食会产生什么影响；最后 一段作者就人们的饮食行为给出了建议。故C项“颜色如何影响食 物的吸引力和食欲”最适合作本文的标题。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2023·河北石家庄质检）I started cooking when I was thirteen. Both of my parents worked，so I was usually  　1　 after school. One day，my parents forgot to  　2　 dinner before they went to work. As we were short of money，eating out was beyond  　3　. So I decided to be the  　4　 of the day. 　　A few moments later，I  　5　 to cook fried rice，the best option out of  　6　 resources，including my cooking knowledge.After  　711　 a pan on the stove and turning on the heat，it soon began to sizzle.I was so hungry that I  　8　 and threw everything into the pan all together.In went rice，pieces of meat and vegetables.Little did I know that the  　9　 of ingredients （原料） was crucial in cooking. I  　1011　 waited for the meat to be thoroughly cooked，but other ingredients were  　11　 .At first，I mistook it as steam from cooking，but I soon  　1211　 something went horribly wrong when smoke  　13　 to fill the kitchen. 　　Later that day，my mother told me，“You cannot rush yourself when cooking.” Rather，I should take steps，turning to the basics， such as learning about the ingredients and  　14　 the recipe. 　　I’ve learned that the first  　15　 seems hard but we should just start and let the journey teach us. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父母都上班。一 天，他的父母在上班之前忘了给他准备晚饭，因此他决定自己做 饭。他由于不知道烹饪的基本步骤，结果把菜给烧煳了。但是这让 他得到一个教训：有些事情的第一步似乎挺难，但是我们应该开 始，让过程教我们（成长）。 1. A. alone B. energetic C. anxious D. excited 答案：A 根据上文中的“Both of my parents worked”可知，此处指因此在放 学后，“我”通常是独自一人。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. enjoy B. prepare C. serve D. take 答案：B 根据下文描述可知，“我”决定自己做饭，因此此处指“我”的父 母在去上班之前忘了给“我”准备晚餐。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. expectation B. control C. description D. budget 答案：D 根据上文中的“we were short of money”可知，此处指出去吃饭不 在作者他们的预算之内。budget“预算”，符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. owner B. ruler C. chef D. researcher 答案：C 根据下文描述可知，“我”决定自己做饭。故此处指因此“我”决 定当这一天的厨师（chef）。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. agreed B. decided C. failed D. switched 答案：B 根据语境可知，此处指“我”决定做炒饭。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. various B. delicious C. pricey D. limited 答案：D 根据上文中的“we were short of money”以及下文中的including my cooking knowledge可知，此处指有限的（limited）资源。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. placing B. covering C. washing D. breaking 答案：A 联系下文中的on the stove和常识可知，此处指把一个平底锅放在炉 子上。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. quit B. slept C. rushed D. collapsed 答案：C 联系上文中的“I was so hungry”以及下文中的“You cannot rush yourself when cooking.”可知，rushed符合语境，指“我”急匆匆地 把每样东西都扔进了锅里。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. standard B. order C. quality D. amount 答案：B 根据上文中的“threw everything into the pan all together”以及下文 中的“I  　10　 waited for the meat to be thoroughly cooked，but other ingredients were  　11　.”可知，此处指在烹饪中，食材的顺 序是至关重要的。 根据上文中的“threw everything into the pan all together”以及下文 中的“I  　10　 waited for the meat to be thoroughly cooked，but other ingredients were  　11　.”可知，此处指在烹饪中，食材的顺 序是至关重要的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. proudly B. unconsciously C. fearfully D. eagerly 答案：D 根据语境可知，此处指“我”急切地等着肉熟透。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. burning B. exploding C. disappearing D. mixing 答案：A 根据下文中的“when smoke  　13　 to fill the kitchen”可知，此处 指其他食材着火了。 根据下文中的“when smoke  　13　 to fill the kitchen”可知，此处 指其他食材着火了。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. insisted B. declared C. grasped D. explained 答案：C 联系下文中的“something went horribly wrong”可知，此处指很快 “我”就发现有些不对劲了。grasp“领会，明白”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. stopped B. reduced C. existed D. emerged 答案：D 联系下文中的fill the kitchen可知，此处指烟从锅里面冒出来了。 emerge“出现，浮现，露出”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. working on B. fixing on C. referring to D. contributing to 答案：C 联系上文中的turning to the basics以及下文中的the recipe可知，此处指参考菜谱。refer to“参考，查看”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. race B. try C. route D. ride 答案：B 根据上文描述可知，此处指第一次尝试似乎挺难。try“尝试，试 图，努力”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$