话题2 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度（1）-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境一　人与自我 主题（一）　生活与学习 话题2　健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度（1） 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础考点探究 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage1　 阅读理解（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C） 　　The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one，I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so， I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate （培养） a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude （独处） and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了一本 书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现极简主义生活 方式的方法。 28. What is the book aimed at？ A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”和第二段中的“digital lives”以及最后 一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可知，本书旨 在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 答案：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词 表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。 30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one？ A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 答案：C 细节理解题。 根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one，I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.”和“You’ll hear these participants’ stories”可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真 实的例子。 31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two？ A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 答案：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.”可知，作者建议读者把这 些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活方式的工具，即在需要的时 候使用这些方法。故选A项。 【词汇识记】 1. minimalism n.极简主义 2. detailed adj.详细的；细致的；精细的 3. philosophy n.哲学 4. foundation n.基础；基金会；地基；根据 5. increasingly adv.越来越多地；不断增加地 6. massive adj.大量的，巨大的，大规模的 7. encounter v.遭遇；遇到 8. issue n.问题；发行；一期；重要议题 vt.发出；发行；公布； 出版 9. leisure n.休闲；闲暇；空闲 adj.闲暇的 10. replace vt.取代；接替 11. mindless adj.盲目的；愚蠢的；机械的 12. particular adj.特别的；格外的；挑剔的 n.详情；详细资料 13. make the case提出理由 14. start with从……开始 15. carry out执行 16. draw on利用；动用；凭借；（时光）渐渐过去 17. take a closer look at仔细看一下；就近看 18. be designed to目的是；为……而设计 19. view sth. as sth.把……看作…… 20. be meant to do打算去做…… 21. aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 22. adopt vi.& vt.收养；采纳→adoption n.收养；采纳 23. describe vt.描述，描写→description n.描述，描写 24. conclude vt.得出结论，推断出→conclusion n.结论；推论 【难句分析】 1. In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable， before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. [译文选择] A. 在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，在对数字 极简主义哲学进行详细讨论后，开始对使许多人的数字生活越来越 难以忍受的力量进行检查。 B. 在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先是对 使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量的研究，然后是对数字 极简主义哲学的详细讨论。（ ） B [结构分析] starting with an examination of the forces是现在分词短语作状语；that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable是 先行词为the forces的定语从句。 2. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. [译文选择] A. 你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一种 适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。 B. 你可以将这些实践视为一个帮助你急救的工具箱，努力建立一 种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。（ ） A [结构分析] meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle 是过去分词短 语作定语修饰a toolbox；that works for your particular circumstances 是先行词为a minimalist lifestyle的定语从句。 Passage2　 阅读七选五（2019·全国Ⅰ卷） 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了呼吸新鲜空气和接 近大自然有益于身心健康。 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You？ We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 　36　 According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for？ C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？ F. Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 答案：E 空格前一句说我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气”长 大的，空格后一句说答案是肯定的。由此可判断，E项“但是新鲜 空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗？”符合语境。本设空 类型属于细节理解类。  　37　 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles （肌肉） and your brain. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for？ C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？ F. Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 答案：A 根据空格后的内容可知，如果人们呼吸的空气是远离城市烟雾 的干净的空气，那么空气中就充满了维持生命的、让人充满活 力的氧气。如果在户外锻炼，人的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多 的氧气进入肌肉和大脑。所以本段主要说的是呼吸新鲜空气的 好处，故A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺”符合语境。本设空类型 属于段落主题句类。 Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing （治愈）. 　38　 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood （情绪）. Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to ecover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 　39　 It gives us a great feeling of peace. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for？ C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？ F. Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 答案：G 空格后的these places与G项中的recovery centers相呼应，因此G项 “全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园”符合语境。本设空 类型属于细节理解类。 Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing （治愈）. 　38　 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood （情绪）. Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to ecover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 　39　 It gives us a great feeling of peace. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for？ C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？ F. Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 答案：C 空格前介绍了接近大自然、看绿色植物对病人的康复有益，空格后 一句说“它给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉”，由此可推断， 空格处应该表达置身于大自然的好处，故选C项“置身于大自然使 我们精神焕发”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。  　40　 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for？ C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？ F. Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 答案：D 空格后一句说，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但阳光 也能带来有益的维生素D。这应该是呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处，故 D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”符合语境，D项中 的sunlight与空格后的the sun’s rays相呼应。本设空类型属于段落主 题句类。 【词汇识记】 1. energize v.使活跃；使精力充沛；激励 2. oxygen n.氧气 3. greenery n.绿色植物 4. ray n.光线 5. refresh v.使恢复精力；使凉爽 6. turn out 结果是……，证明是…… 7. lower v.降低；减少；使……降下；缩小；把……放低 adj.下面 的；在底部的；低洼的 8. breath n.呼吸→breathe v.呼吸 9. recover vi.康复→recovery n.康复 10. benefit n.& v.优势；益处；对（某人）有用；使受益→beneficial adj.有利的；有用的 11. associate vt.与某人交往→associated adj.有联系的→association n. 联系；协会；社团 【熟词生义】（写出句中黑体词的汉语意思） While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin， they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. ⁠ 使变老　 【难句分析】 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. [译文选择] A. 如果你呼吸的空气是干净的——倘若你远离城市的雾霾，空 气就可能是干净的——那么空气里满是让人充满生命力和活力 的氧气。 B. 如果你的呼吸是干净的或如果你远离城市的雾霾，无论是哪一 个——那么空气里满是让人充满生命力和活力的氧气。（ ） A [结构分析] 本句是一个复合句。if 引导条件状语从句，主句为then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen；you’re breathing 为定语从 句，修饰先行词the air；which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities为插入语，对破折号前的句子进行附加解释。 [话题词汇回测] 1. adj.详细的；细致的；精细的 2. n.基础；基金会；地基；根据 3. adv.越来越多地；不断增加地 4. adj.大量的，巨大的，大规模的 5. v.遭遇；遇到 6. n.问题；发行；一期；重要议题 vt.发出；发行；公 布；出版 7. n.休闲；闲暇；空闲 adj.闲暇的 detailed　 foundation　 increasingly　 massive　 encounter　 issue　 leisure　 8. vt.取代；接替 9. adj.盲目的；愚蠢的；机械的 10. adj.特别的；格外的；挑剔的 n.详情；详细资料 11. v.使活跃；使精力充沛；激励 12. n.光线 13. v.降低；减少；使……降下；缩小；把……放低 adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的 14. v.使恢复精力；使凉爽 15. n.氧气 replace　 mindless　 particular　 energize　 ray　 lower　 refresh　 oxygen　 16. 执行 17. 仔细看一下；就近看 18. 目的是；为……而设计 19. 把……看作…… 20. 打算去做…… 21. 帮助某人做某事 22. 结果是……，证明是…… 23. 从……开始 24. describe vt.描述，描写→ n.描述，描写 carry out　 take a closer look at　 be designed to　 view sth. as sth.　 be meant to do sth.　 aid sb. to do sth.　 turn out　 start with　 description　 25. conclude vt.得出结论，推断出→ n.结论；推论 26. breath n.呼吸→ v.呼吸 27. recover vi.康复→ n.康复 28. benefit n.& v.优势；益处；对（某人）有用；使受益 → adj.有利的；有用的 29. associate vt.与某人交往→ adj.有联系的 → n.联系；协会；社团 30. adopt vi.& vt.收养；采纳→ n.收养；采纳 conclusion　 breathe　 recovery　 beneficial　 associated　 association　 adoption　 第二组 Passage1　 阅读理解（2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·D） 　　According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research， both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）， it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits， the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first， 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly （表面上） participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began， each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state， the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit， taking more food than they normally would have.However， they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test， in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case， she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more， so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However， we’ll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion， I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot， I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim， why can’t I？ 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴 会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的 确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。这样的语篇 贴近学生的实际生活，有利于引导学生培养健康的饮食习惯。 12. What is the recent study mainly about？ A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.（《消费者研 究杂志》最近的一项研究显示，我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯 都会影响我们的食物摄入量）”可知，这表明这项最新研究主要是 关于饮食行为的。 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？ A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 答案：D 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”可知，现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和体重较大、点大份 饭菜的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反——你真正需要避免的是那 些高而瘦且食欲大的人。此处的beanpoles的意思应与heavier people 相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor？ A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“To test the effect of social influence on...”及第四句“An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.”可知，研究者雇用这位演员是为了观察她的饮食行 为是如何影响这些参与者的。 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph？ A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“But if a thin person eats a lot，I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can’t I？ （但是如果一个瘦的人吃得多，‘我’也会这么做。如果他可以在吃 得多的同时保持苗条，‘我’为什么不能？）”可知，我们是靠观察 别人的行为来调整自己所受的外来影响的。 【词汇识记】 1. companion n.伙伴；伴侣；陪伴；指南；手册 2. appetite n.食欲；胃口；强烈欲望 3. intake n.摄入；吸入量；吸收 4. undergraduate n.（尚未获得学士学位的）大学生，大学本科生 adj.大学本科（或肄业）生的 5. viewership n.观众人数，观众类型 6. version n.版本 7. case n.状况，场合；事例，实例 8. help oneself to 随便吃；自行取用 9. be contrary to 与……相反 10. a large amount of 大量的 11. follow suit跟着做；照着做；效仿 12. hold back 隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止 13. consume v.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等） →consumption n.（能量、食物或材料的）消耗，消耗量→consumer n.消费者 14. conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n.指挥；售 票员 15. individual adj.& n.个人的；个别的；独特的；个人；个体 →individually adv.个别地；单独地 16. adjust vi.& vt.适应；调节→adjustment n.适应；调整→adjustable adj.可调节的 17. significant adj. 重要的；显著的；意义重大的→insignificant adj. 微不足道的；无足轻重的→significance n.意义；重要性 【熟词生义】（写出句中黑体词的汉语意思） An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. ⁠ 【难句分析】 But if a thin person eats a lot，I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can’t I？ 吃　 [译文选择] A. 但如果一个瘦人吃了很多，我会进行合适的跟从。如果他可以 吃很多还能保持身材，我为什么不能呢？ B. 但如果一个瘦人吃了很多，我也会这么做。如果他可以吃很多 还能保持身材，我为什么不能呢？（ ） [结构分析] If he can eat much and keep slim是条件状语从句；why can’t I是否定 疑问句表达说话人肯定的观点。 B Passage2　 完形填空（2022·浙江1月卷） 　　When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year，she started having problems with her  　36　，notably dryness and discomfort. “I was simply  　37　 a terrible experience，” Ms.Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.“I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my  　38　 was affected.” Ms.Burdeyney talked to some friends who had  　39　 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in  　40　.“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so  　41　，” she said.“But more and more are suffering and lives are being  　42　.” 　　Eventually，Ms.Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research  　43　 at Tel Aviv University in Israel.The research team  　4411　 Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic，who has done  　4511　work on eye care using stem cells . Seeing a ray of hope，Ms.Burdeyney began raising 　46　 for the project with a friend，Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.　47　，she has raised $110，000 with another $40，000  　48　. “I’m trying to get more and more people to  　49　 that there are solutions （解决办法），” said Ms.Burdeyney，a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after  　50　.“I say there is no old  　51　，there’s only neglect（忽视）.Don’t stand  　52　，do something about it.” Ms.Burdeyney  　53　 that she was hoping to do more for the research project.“I just want to bring  　54　 into people’s eyes and this is just the  　55　.There is still a long way to go.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是患眼疾的老 人博蒂尼努力为自己和其他遭受同样问题折磨的人带来光明的故 事，传扬了乐观精神和守望相助的大爱。 36. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes 答案：D 根据下文的“Eventually，Ms.Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research...”可知，此处表示博蒂尼女士的眼睛（eyes）开始出 问题了。 37. A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down 答案：B 此处表示博蒂尼女士正在经历可怕的事情。get over“从疾病（或 震惊、断绝关系等）中恢复常态”；go through“经历，遭受”； hold on“固定”；pass down“使世代相传，流传”。 38. A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship 答案：C 此处表示她感到很无助和不安，因为她的生活（life）质量受到了 影响。treatment“治疗，疗法，诊治”；relationship “关系，联 系”。 39. A. similar B. various C. personal D. special 答案：A 此处表示博蒂尼女士和一些有相似（similar）问题的朋友进行了交 谈。various“各种不同的，各种各样的”；personal“个人的，私 人的”；special“特殊的，特别的，不寻常的，不一般的”。 40. A. turn B. peace C. vain D. silence 答案：D 根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it...”可知，她发现他们 很大程度上都一声不吭地受着折磨。in turn“依次，相应地”；in peace“和平地，安安静静地”；in vain“枉费心机，徒劳无益，白 费力气”；in silence“一声不吭地”。 41. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing 答案：C 根据上文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it”和下文的“But more and more are suffering”可知，没人选择谈论它，因为它似乎很微不 足道。unbearable“难耐的，无法接受的，难以处理的”； abnormal“不正常的，反常的，变态的，畸形的”； insignificant“微不足道的”；disturbing“引起烦恼的，令人不安 的，引起恐慌的”。 42. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated 答案：A 根据上文的“But more and more are suffering and lives are being”可 知，越来越多的人在受折磨，而且生活也受到了损害。 compromise“损害，使恶化”；substitute“（以……）代替，取 代”；separate“（使）分离，分散”。 43. A. course B. program C. paper D. conference 答案：B 根据下文的the project可知，此处表示博蒂尼女士了解到一个眼睛 研究项目（program）的计划。 44. A. informed B. doubted C. included D. dismissed 答案：C 这个研究小组包括加拿大医生艾伦。inform“知会，通知，通 告”；doubt“怀疑，无把握，不能肯定，认为……未必可能”； include“包括，包含”；dismiss“不予考虑，摒弃”。 45. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking 答案：D 根据下文的seeing a ray of hope可知，通过使用干细胞，艾伦在眼睛 护理方面有了开创性的进展。controversial“引起争论的，有争议 的”；voluntary“自愿的，志愿的，主动的，自告奋勇的”； ground-breaking“开创性的，创新的，革新的”。 46. A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions 答案：A 根据下文的“she has raised $110，000 with another $40，000”可 知，博蒂尼女士看到了一线希望，于是她开始和一位朋友一起为这 个项目筹款。 47. A. As ever B. So far C. In return D. Once again 答案：B 迄今为止（So far），她已经筹集了110 000美元，预计还会有40 000美元。as ever“同往常一样，一如既往”；in return“作为 （对……的）回报”；once again“再一次，再次”。 48. A. wasted B. donated C. expected D. earned 答案：C 参见上题解析。waste“浪费，滥用”；donate“（尤指向慈善机 构）捐赠，赠送”；expect“预料，预期，预计”；earn“挣得， 赚得，挣钱”。 49. A. imagine B. confirm C. remember D. understand 答案：D 此处表示她正在努力让越来越多的人明白还是有解决办法的。 imagine“想象，设想”；confirm“（尤指提供证据来）证实，证 明，确认”；understand“了解，认识到，明了”。 50. A. retirement B. childbirth C. graduation D. marriage 答案：A 根据文章开头的“Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year” 和空前的“a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after”可知，博蒂尼女士在退休（retirement）后依然当私人教练。 51. A. time B. rule C. age D. tale 答案：C 上文提到博蒂尼女士退休后仍然当私人教练，因此此处表示她认为 没有老年这一说。 52. A. straight B. still C. firm D. alone 答案：B 根据上文提到的博蒂尼女士的积极行为可知，此处表示不要一动不 动地站着，要做点什么。straight“直的”；still“静止的，不动 的”；firm“牢固的，稳固的”；alone“独自”。 53. A. commented B. learned C. reminded D. added 答案：D 博蒂尼女士补充说（added）她希望为这个研究项目做更多的事 情。comment“表达意见”；remind“提醒，使想起”。 54. A. light B. joy C. color D. beauty 答案：A 上文提到博蒂尼女士有眼疾，再结合空后的into people’s eyes可 知，此处表示她只是想为人们的眼睛带来光明（light）。joy“高 兴，愉快，喜悦”；beauty“美，美丽”。 55. A. future B. beginning C. truth D. meaning 答案：B 根据下文的“There is still a long way to go.”可知，此处表示这只 是开始（beginning）。future“将来，未来”；truth“真相，实 情，事实，真实情况”；meaning“（想要表达的）意义，意 思”。 【词汇识记】 1. quality n.质量 2. vain adj.徒劳的；自负的；枉然的 3. unbearable adj.无法忍受的；难耐的；无法接受的 4. compromise n.& v.妥协；折中；和解 5. substitute v.代替；取代 6. controversial adj.有争议的；引起争议的 7. ground-breaking adj.开创性的；创新的 8. confirm v.证实，证明 9. have problems with 在……（方面）有问题 10. in silence默默地 11. stem cell 干细胞 12. a ray of hope一线希望 13. go through 经历；遭受 14. solve v.解决→solution n.解决办法 15. secure adj.安全的→securely adv.安全地→ security n.保障，保 护；保安措施，安全工作→insecure adj.不安全的；无保障的；不牢 靠的 16. notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv.显著 地；尤其 17. comfort n.& v.安慰，慰藉→discomfort n.& v.不舒服；不适 →comfortable adj.舒适的 18. retire v.退休；退役→retirement n.退休→retired adj. 退休的；退 役的→retiree n.退休人员 【熟词生义】（写出句中黑体词的汉语意思） 1. When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year，she started having problems with her eyes，notably dryness and discomfort. ⁠ 2. But more and more are suffering and lives are being compromised. ⁠ 到（某一年龄或时间）　 （尤指因为行为不很明智）使陷入危机；使恶化　 【难句分析】 Seeing a ray of hope，Ms.Burdeyney began raising money for the project with a friend，Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. [译文选择] A. 她看到了一线希望，博蒂尼开始向她的朋友、多伦多商人米亚 仁福曼为这个项目筹借资金。 B. 她看到了一线希望，博蒂尼开始和她的朋友，多伦多商人米亚 仁福曼一起为这个项目筹集资金。（ ） B [结构分析] 本句是一个简单句。Seeing a ray of hope是现在分词短语作状语，表示原因，seeing与Ms.Burdeyney是逻辑上的主谓关系；Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman是a friend的同位语。 [话题词汇回测] 1. n.伙伴；伴侣；陪伴；指南；手册 2. n.食欲；胃口；强烈欲望 3. n.版本 4. n.状况，场合；事例，实例 5. n.质量 6. adj.徒劳的；自负的；枉然的 7. adj.无法忍受的；难耐的；无法接受的 8. n.妥协；折中；和解 companion　 appetite　 version　 case　 quality　 vain　 unbearable　 compromise　 9. v.代替；取代 10. adj.有争议的；引起争议的 11. adj.开创性的；创新的 12. v.证实，证明 13. 随便吃；自行取用 14. 与……相反 15. 大量的 16. ⁠跟着做；照着做；效仿 17. 隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止 substitute　 controversial　 ground-breaking　 confirm　 help oneself to　 be contrary to　 a large amount of　 follow suit　 hold back　 18. 在……（方面）有问题 19. 默默地 20. 一线希望 21. 经历；遭受 22. consume v.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等） → n.（能量、食物或材料的）消耗，消耗量 → n.消费者 23. conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥→ n.指 挥；售票员 have problems with　 in silence　 a ray of hope　 go through　 consumption　 consumer　 conductor　 24. individual adj.& n.个人的；个别的；独特的；个人；个体 → adv.个别地；单独地 25. adjust vi.& vt.适应；调节→ n.适应；调整 → adj.可调节的 26. significant adj. 重要的；显著的；意义重大的→ ⁠ adj.微不足道的；无足轻重的→ n.意义；重要性 27. solve v.解决→ n.解决办法 individually　 adjustment　 adjustable　 insignificant　 significance　 solution　 28. secure adj.安全的→ adv.安全地→ n.保 障，保护；保安措施→ adj.不安全的；无保障的；不牢 靠的 29. comfort n.& v.安慰，慰藉→ n.& v.不舒服；不适 → adj.舒适的 30. retire v.退休；退役→ n.退休→ adj. 退 休的；退役的→ n.退休人员 securely　 security　 insecure　 discomfort　 comfortable　 retirement　 retired　 retiree　 基础考点探究 重点词汇 1. design vt.计划，设计；意欲；打算 n.打算；目的；意图 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The slope is an easy access which is specially designed ⁠ people with disability. ②This project is designed （help） landless people. ③Whether design or accident，his timing was perfect. for　 to help　 by　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④为了庆祝春节，人们贴上了一些特别设计的剪纸。 ⁠ are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival. Paper-cuttings of special designs　 ◎归纳拓展 •be designed for sth./sb.为某事/某人而设计 be designed to do sth.为做某事而设计 •by design＝on purpose故意地 •designer n.设计者 ◎写作素材 special new design features特别的新型设计风格 abstract designs抽象图案 a badly designed kitchen一个设计糟糕的厨房 2. view vt.看，把……视为 n.风景；视野；观点 『练会』 单句语法填空 ① his view，now that I have grown up，I should have a say and make decisions on my own. ②Something that I had never seen before came ⁠ view suddenly. ③Imagination is often viewed ⁠ the key to success. In　 into　 as　 『写美』读后续写之景物描写 ④从塔顶俯瞰的景色十分壮观。 ⁠ was spectacular. The view from the top of the tower　 ◎归纳拓展 •view...as...把……看作…… •in view of鉴于；由于；考虑到 •in view在视野范围内 •come into view看得见，进入视野 in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来 have a good view of清楚地看到；饱览 ◎写作素材 disappear from my view从我的视野中消失 take a more optimistic view抱较乐观的看法 3. adopt vi.& vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度；正式通 过，表决采纳 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①This couple treats their （adopt） child as their own. ②We are talking about the （adopt） of a new plan for the picnic. adopted　 adoption　 『写美』读后续写之情节描写 ③他成了孤儿，一个善良的女人收养了他作为自己的儿子。 He was left an orphan and a kind woman ⁠. adopted him as her son　 ◎归纳拓展 •adopt an idea/a plan采纳意见/计划 adopt sb.as...收养某人为…… •adoption n.采纳，采用，过继 adopted adj.收养的，领养的；外来的 ◎写作素材 adopt a resolution通过一项决议 adopt different approaches to the problem采用不同的方法处理 这个问题 4. turn to求助于； 转向；翻到（页码） 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①He turned ⁠ my suggestion without hesitation. ②He promised to attend the meeting，but hasn’t turned ⁠ yet. ③I’ll turn my shop ⁠ to my son after I retire. ④The factory turned ⁠ more products than they had expected. down　 up　 over　 out　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ⑤如果你遇到新单词，你可以向字典寻求帮助。 If you meet new words， ⁠. you can turn to the dictionary for help　 ◎归纳拓展 turn against背叛 turn down关小；拒绝 turn up开大；出现；被找到 turn in上交；睡觉 turn （...） into...（使…… ）成为…… turn off关闭（水源、煤气、电灯等） turn on打开（水、煤气、电灯、无线电等） turn out结果是；证明是；生产出 turn over （使）打翻；翻身 turn sth.over to sb.把某所有权交给某人 ◎写作素材 turn to trusted adults for support向自己信任的成年人寻求帮助 turn in early早点睡觉 5. associate vt.[课本义]与某人交往[增补义]联想；联系 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①As a result，she says，some of the injuries ⁠ （associate） with running，such as runner’s knee，are uncommon among race walkers. ②We often associate social networking ⁠ Internet addiction in reality. ③The （associate） was formed to represent the interests of women artists. associated　 with　 association　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④如果你与思维积极的人交往，你也会变得乐观。 ，you will also become optimistic. If you associate with positive-thinking people　 ◎归纳拓展 •associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 associate with sb.与某人交往 •associated adj.有联系的 be associated with...与……有关 •association n.协会；关联；交往 in association with...与……合作；与……有关联 ◎写作素材 join educational associations in an attempt to better themselves加入了 各种教育协会，以求上进 be associated with the project 参与这个项目 6. significant adj.重要的，重大的；有某种意义的 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special （significant）. ②The ability to keep calm is significant ⁠ handling problems in case of crisis. significance　 for　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ③What he has done for the school is very significant. →What he has done for the school ⁠. is of great significance　 ◎归纳拓展 •It is significant that...很明显…… be significant for对……很重要 •significance n.重要性；含义 be of significance to...对……有重要意义 attach significance to...认为……重要 ◎写作素材 make a highly significant discovery有重大意义的发现 show a significant improvement表明有重要的改进 7. case n.状况，场合；事例，实例 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ⁠ case they need medical assistance. ②You had better take an umbrella or raincoat with you in case ⁠ the rain. ③We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because ⁠ no case should theory be separated from practice. in　 of　 in　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④我们在任何情况下都不能违背自然规律，否则我们将遭受无尽的 痛苦。 We can the law of nature，or we’ll meet endless suffering. in no case go against　 ◎归纳拓展 in case（...）以防；以防万一 in case of sth.如果；假使；万一…… in this/that case如果是这样/那样的话 in any case无论如何；总之 in no case决不（置于句首时，引起部分倒装） as is often the case这是常有的事 ◎写作素材 take more money with you in case of emergency多带点钱以防急用 make an exception in this case此事可以通融 In any case， that’s not the point. 不管怎样，那不是事情的关键。 经典句型 1. In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable， before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首 先是对使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量的研究，然后是 对数字极简主义哲学的详细讨论。 [句型公式]　starting with an examination of the forces为现在分词短 语作状语。 『练会』 单句语法填空 ① （work） in the factory，I learned a lot from the workers. ② （give） more time， he could have finished the exercises. ③ （enter） the office，I picked up the telephone and called Jim. Working　 Given　 Entering　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④她坐在窗边，一句话也不敢说。 She sat by the window， ⁠. not daring to say a word　 ◎归纳拓展 •现在分词（短语）作时间、原因、条件状语时，多位于句首；作 结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。 •现在分词作状语时，句子主语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去 分词作状语时，句子主语与过去分词之间是被动关系。 ◎写作素材 Dancing in the forest，those leaves look like golden butterflies.在林间 翩翩飞舞，那些树叶看上去就像金色的蝴蝶。 2. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your ⁠ efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努 力建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。 [句型公式]　meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle为 过去分词短语作定语。 『练会』 单句语法填空 ①Visitors also may take a walk in the rainforest （create） by the volcano thousands of years ago. ②Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount （require） by doctors. ③One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news （cover） a wide range of subjects. created　 required　 covering　 『写美』 应用文之写作佳句 ④那些在2023年夏天被大火烧掉的动植物是我们人类的重大损失。 The animals and plants ⁠ in the summer of 2023 are a significant loss for us humans. burned down　 ◎归纳拓展 •作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。 •作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分 词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。 ◎写作素材 To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2023. 为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让你们看一项2023年在澳大利 亚进行的研究。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. Instead，I saw a tiny woman with silver hair， ⁠ （wear） an ordinary blue suit. 2. For this reason， he is viewed ⁠ an outstanding lawyer. 3. This sensitive book solves the delicate issue of ⁠（adopt） with care. 4. These researchers analysed the result of the experiment carefully，and finally drew a scientific （conclude）. 5. Worried and painful， she had to turn ⁠ a doctor for help. wearing　 as　 adoption　 conclusion　 to　 6. We all thought it incredible that the boy who barely associated with others should apply to join the student （associate）. 7. Hearing his son had adjusted school life，the father finally felt at ease. 8. The results of the experiment are of great ⁠（significant）. 9. ⁠ no case should the temperature of the store room be over 20℃. 10. The glass （break）by my son has been swept away. association　 to　 significance　 In　 broken　 Ⅱ.完成句子 1. Leave your key with a neighbour ⁠ （以防有一天你把自己锁在外面）. 2. In the children’s minds （夏天 与野餐有关）. 3. The child was wild with joy ⁠ （想到很快就要见到他的妈妈了）. 4. （那栋被抛弃的木房子） stood quietly at the edge of the forest. 5. （直到他得了严重的疾病） that he knew the importance of health. in case you lock yourself out one day　 summer is associated with picnics　 thinking of seeing his mother soon　 The abandoned wooden house　 It was not until he got seriously ill　 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点（根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子） 　　①我们都知道，没有什么比健康更珍贵。 As we all know， nothing is ⁠. ②在我们的日常生活中，保持学习和娱乐相平衡很重要。 In our daily life， it is very important to ⁠ ⁠. ③均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼可以帮助我们保持健康。 ⁠ can help us stay healthy. more precious than health　 keep a balance between study and pleasure　 A balanced diet and regular exercise　 ④很多人经常熬夜看电视或玩电脑游戏。 A great many people often ⁠ watching TV or playing computer games. ⑤为了保持健康，我们应该减少上网的时间。 In order to keep fit， we should ⁠ the time spent in surfing the Internet. ⑥要求（上网）时间应该限定在一天三个小时。 It’s required that the time ⁠ three hours a day. stay up　 cut down　 （should） be limited to　 ⑦为了有益于我们的健康，我们应该多做运动，拥有足够 的睡眠。 ， we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep. ⑧这将有利于我们的身心健康。 This ⁠ both physically and mentally. For the benefit of our health　 will benefit us　  　For the benefit of our health， we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep， which will benefit us both physically and mentally.　 Step 2　表达升级（改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级） 　　①用“of＋ n.” 升级句② In our daily life， ⁠ ⁠. ②用非限制性定语从句合并句⑦和句⑧ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure　 ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠  　　As we all know， nothing is more precious than health. In our daily life， it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure. Meanwhile， a balanced diet and regular exercise can help us stay healthy. However， a great many people often stay up watching TV or playing computer games. In order to keep fit， we should cut down the time spent in surfing the Internet. It’s required that the time （should） be limited to three hours a day. In addition， for the benefit of our health， we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep， which will benefit us both physically and mentally.　 Step 3　衔接成文（利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇） 微型写作——续写提升练 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容写出最后两段内所空出的四个句 子，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　If you had to choose one word to describe Kevin， it might have been “slow”. He didn’t learn his ABCs as fast as other kids. He never came in first in the schoolyard races. However， his smile was brighter than the sun in June； his heart was bigger than the mountain sky. Kevin’s enthusiasm for life was quite infectious. When Kevin joined the boys’ school basketball team， basketball became the center of his life. At practice， he worked so hard that you’d think he was preparing for the NBA. He liked to stand in a certain place near the free-throw line and shoot at the basket. Patiently， he stood there throwing ball after ball after ball. “Look at me， Coach！”he’d shout at Randy， jumping up and down with the excitement of shooting. Kevin and his whole team truly loved basketball. But just loving the game didn’t help them win. More balls fell out of the basket than into it， and the boys lost every game that season， except one—the night when it snowed and the other team couldn’t make it to the game. It was a cold snowing afternoon when their last game came. As the last-place team，they played against the first-place team. The game went pretty much the same as expected， and near the middle of the fourth quarter Kevin’s team stood nearly 30 points behind. At that point， one of Kevin’s teammates called time-out. As he came to the side， Randy couldn’t imagine why the time-out had been called. “Coach，” said the boy. “This is our last game and I know that Kevin has played in every game， but he’s never made a basket. I think we should let Kevin make a basket.” With the game completely out of reach， the idea seemed reasonable， so the plan was made. When they had the ball again， they passed it to Kevin who was standing in his special place near the free-throw line. teammates had the ball again， they passed it to Kevin who was His first shot bounced around but missed. ① ⁠ ⁠ He shot it slowly， but he missed it again. Nevertheless， all the players of his team kept throwing the ball to him and clapped him with encouragement. Very soon the audience figured out what was happening， so one by one they stood up and clapped their hands. The whole playground thundered with the clapping and shouting， “Kevin！ Kevin！” ② ⁠ As soon as Kevin’s standing in the certain place near the free-throw line.　 And Kevin just kept shooting.　 Finally， the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly. ③ ⁠ He jumped high and hugged every teammate excitedly. Everyone could see tears welling in his eyes. They began to shout wildly and clap their hands to congratulate him. The feathery snow danced in the late afternoon air， making a beautiful sight. The clock ticked off the last few seconds and the first-place team remained undefeated. ④ ⁠ ⁠ With arms shooting high into the air， Kevin shouted， “I won！ I won！”　 Even though they lost this game again that afternoon， everyone left the playground truly feeling like a winner.　 课时作业 [话题语篇强化] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2023·广东佛山质检）It’s no secret now that the more time we spend on social media， the more we feel dissatisfied with ourselves. We tend to compare ourselves to influencers and celebrities—so it’s easy to understand how that can affect our confidence. 　　But， how often have you found yourself comparing your life to your friends’？ Engaging with social media shared by our friends can be more damaging than looking at contents shared by celebrities， new research has found. 　　The study looking at how social media affects body image found that any social media engagement was significantly associated with lower “appearance satisfaction”. Additionally， it found that engaging with contents posted by people the participants knew was more than twice as damaging as looking at contents posted by strangers， including celebrities. 　　Viren Swami， professor of social psychology at Anglia Ruskin University， believes this is partly because we know it’s hard to attain the lives of celebrities or influencers， but when we’re comparing ourselves to our friends， it feels like we should—or could—live the way they do. 　　“One possible explanation is that people may perceive a post showing appearance as being much more attainable if it comes from someone they know， adding expectation or pressure on the person engaging in the post，” he said. “At the same time， people may be more critically engaged with posts by the likes of models and celebrities， and therefore perceive the images they share to be more unrealistic. ” 　　This isn’t just ⁠ to body image though. We all have one area in our lives that triggers （触发） us. Maybe you’ve been searching for a new job for months and you find yourself on social media， envying your school friend who just landed his dream role. Maybe... confined　 　　All this is to state the obvious：We only see part of people’s lives—and if it’s getting you down， you’re probably comparing your insides to other people’s outsides. Everyone has their struggles and life is indeed not perfect for anyone. So， put down your phone， get offline， be thankful and try to live your own life. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。新研究发现，朋友的帖子 比名人的帖子对人们的影响更大，让人们更容易与朋友进行比较。 作者建议人们放下手机，心存感激，努力过好自己的生活。 1. What did the new study find？ A. Social media invites unfavorable comments. B. Friends’ posts affect us more than celebrities’. C. Celebrities have a negative influence on our life. D. Body image causes more concern than social life. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Engaging with social media shared by our friends can be more damaging than looking at contents shared by celebrities”可知，新研究发现，朋友的帖子对我们的影响比名人的 更大。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. Why are we more likely to compare with our friends according to Swami？ A. They serve as role models. B. We know the way they live. C. Their lifestyles seem to be accessible. D. We are curious about their life. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的内容可知，根据Swami的说法，我 们更容易与朋友进行比较是因为他们的生活方式似乎更容易得到。 故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What does the underlined word in paragraph 6 probably mean？ A. Restricted. B. Related. C. Devoted. D. Exposed. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“We all have one area in our lives that triggers us.Maybe...Maybe...”可知，画线词所在句的意思是：但这 不仅仅局限于身体形象。所以画线词可能的意思是“受限制的”。 故选A项。related“相关的，有联系的”；devoted“挚爱的，忠诚 的”；exposed“暴露的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What does the author suggest people do？ A. Find your dream and fight for it. B. Stop comparing and be yourself. C. Be grateful and lead a perfect life. D. Stop complaining and get down to work. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Everyone has their struggles and life is indeed not perfect for anyone.So，put down your phone， get offline，be thankful and try to live your own life.”可知，作者建议人 们停止比较，做自己。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B 　　（2023·福建福州调研）An economist，Adam Smith，famously wrote that “It is not from the benevolence （仁慈） of the butcher，the brewer or the baker，that we expect our dinner，but from their regard to their own interest.”Like Smith，many economists today believe one’s self-interest is what drives competition and growth in market economies. Yet，in an increasingly interconnected society，it is even more crucial to have cooperative skills.Thus we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future. 　　Firstly，cooperation is an especially prized soft skill in the present age.As a study proves，soft skills such as good communication and empathy（同情）indicate outstanding employees as compared to technical skills or knowledge.In contrast，extremely competitive and individualistic behavior may damage social relations in the community of co-workers.Even the most competent employee may fail to pursue his goals effectively without others’ help. 　　Moreover，encouraging cooperation can boost children’s self-respect that better prepares them for the competitive world.Many modern societies are consumed by a crazy drive for success and the pressure to perform has infiltrated both classrooms and offices，causing higher rates of anxiety and depression among people.Teamwork can help an individual realize each has his or her own unique abilities and that another person’s strengths don’t discount his or her talents.Thus，cooperation can confirm children’s self-worth by correcting the insight that the paper achievement is the only measure of success. 　　However，critics may claim adapting to competition should be given priority in education and parenting.To achieve one’s ambitions， one has to actively fight for opportunities and distinguish oneself from others.Nevertheless，since passion can already stimulate children to fulfill their ambitions，the need to encourage competition may be at the end of the day.As much as external competition can drive people to pursue excellence，internal motivation is at least equally or even more essential，and cooperation plays an instrumental role in helping one uncover one’s motivations. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。在联系日益紧密的社会 中，教育孩子们树立合作意识是非常重要的。 5. What can be inferred from Adam Smith’s words？ A. Our society is increasingly interconnected. B. Our dinner is made out of the regard to markets. C. Self-interest pushes the development of economies. D. The butcher，the brewer or the baker is not sympathetic. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第一段中的like Smith可知，Adam Smith的话与 当今许多经济学家的观点相似，即“one’s self-interest is what drives competition and growth in market economies”。因此，从Adam Smith的话中可推断出，自身利益推动经济的发展，故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What does the underlined word “infiltrated” in paragraph 3 probably mean？ A. Brightened. B. Decorated. C. Defended. D. Entered. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。画线词前讲到了modern societies，而画线词后提到 both classrooms and offices，并陈述了the pressure to perform的危 害，即causing higher rates of anxiety and depression among people， 因此，代入选项验证可知，与画线词意思最为接近的应该是“进 入”，故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. Which of the following might the author agree with？ A. The paper achievement is the only measure of success. B. One’s ambitions can be achieved through cooperation. C. Competition is not necessary for people to pursue excellence. D. Actively fighting for distinguishing oneself should be prioritized. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段中的“Teamwork can help an individual realize each has his or her own unique abilities ...confirm children’s self-worth”可推知，作者可能会同意合 作可以帮助一个人实现目标。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text？ A. To introduce the advantages of cooperation. B. To compare cooperation with competition. C. To suggest enhancing competitive skills. D. To advocate teaching children to cooperate. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 写作意图题。本文是一篇议论文。根据本文论点，即第一段中 的“we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future”可知，作者写这篇文章旨在支持教育儿童多合 作，故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文讨论了新手跑步者常犯的一些错误，并提 供了如何避免这些错误的建议，以促进跑步训练的成功并降低受伤 风险。 　　（2024·1月九省联考） Common Mistakes New Runners Make Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it.However，many make a number of common mistakes，which can interfere （妨碍） with training or lead to injury. 　1　，keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success. 1 2 3 4 5 1. A. Not taking rest days B. If you’re just starting out C. Comparing yourself to others D. Running can be uncomfortable at times E. It’s important not to use the same muscles F. While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running G. Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10％ each week 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 空格前的句子讨论了跑步是一项很好的锻炼方式，然而许多新手跑 步者会犯一些常见的错误，这可能会妨碍训练或导致受伤。空格后 的句子提到“要记住这些事情以帮助你增加跑步成功的机会”。选 项B“如果你刚开始跑步”是对空前内容的承接，说明接下来的建 议是针对新手跑步者的，与后续的建议内容形成逻辑上的衔接，起 到承上启下的作用。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 ·Doing too much too soon One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon.Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury，so you can continue on with your new running routine.  　2　. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Not taking rest days B. If you’re just starting out C. Comparing yourself to others D. Running can be uncomfortable at times E. It’s important not to use the same muscles F. While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running G. Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10％ each week 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 由本段主题句可知，本段讨论的是“新手跑步者常犯的错误之一是 过快增加训练量”。空格前的句子强调逐渐进入训练计划将有助于 降低受伤的风险，所以你可以继续你的跑步计划。选项G“专家建 议，每周增加的跑步距离不要超过10％”具体说明了如何适度增加 训练量，与上文内容相呼应，故选G项。 1 2 3 4 5 · 　3111　 Beginners might think they need to run every day （or nearly every day） to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals，but this couldn’t be further from the truth.Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body.So it’s important to give your body a rest between workouts. 3. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Not taking rest days B. If you’re just starting out C. Comparing yourself to others D. Running can be uncomfortable at times E. It’s important not to use the same muscles F. While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running G. Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10％ each week 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 本段提到，新手跑步者可能认为他们需要每天（或几乎每天）跑步 来达到健身或减肥目标。而跑步是一项高强度活动，对身体影响很 大，所以重要的是在锻炼期内给身体休息。选项A“没有休息日” 正是与每天跑步或几乎每天跑步的观点相对应的错误做法，符合本 段的主题，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 ·Not wearing the right equipment  　4　，it’s important that you wear properly for your workouts.The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes，so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair.Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a shoe. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Not taking rest days B. If you’re just starting out C. Comparing yourself to others D. Running can be uncomfortable at times E. It’s important not to use the same muscles F. While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running G. Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10％ each week 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 由本段小标题可知，本段讲述穿着合适的装备的重要性。选项 F“尽管你不需要昂贵的装备来开始跑步”与空格后的“穿着合适 对于你的锻炼很重要”形成转折关系，强调了即使不需要昂贵的跑 步装备，但需要选择合适的，故选F项。 1 2 3 4 5 ·Running through pain  　5　.If something hurts when you run，you need to stop and treat the pain.Remember：It doesn’t make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Not taking rest days B. If you’re just starting out C. Comparing yourself to others D. Running can be uncomfortable at times E. It’s important not to use the same muscles F. While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running G. Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10％ each week 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 由本段小标题可知，本段讨论的是新手跑步者在感到疼痛时仍坚持 跑步的错误做法。空格后的句子建议如果跑步时感到疼痛就应该停 下来处理疼痛。选项D“跑步有时会感到不适”作为段首句，引出 了即使跑步有时不舒服，但如果出现疼痛，应及时停止跑步的观 点，符合段落主题，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。敦煌是联合国教科文组 织世界文化遗产莫高窟的所在地，北京国家对外文化贸易基地正举 办一场关于莫高窟元素的展览。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2023·山东日照联考）Do you know Dunhuang？Dunhuang is home to the Mogao Grottoes， 1. 　　　　　 UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site，elements of which are 2. 　　　　　　 display in an ongoing exhibition at the National Base for International Cultural Trade in Beijing. Painted sculptures and other splendid items of cultural heritage have been reproduced，while the caves 3. 　　　　　　 are now closed have been reproduced in digital form. 1. 考查冠词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site和the Mogao Grottoes构成同位语，空处填入不 定冠词表示泛指，即“一处联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产地”， 且UNESCO的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 答案：a 2. 考查介词。on display意为“展出”，是固定搭配。 答案：on 3. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词 为caves，且所填词在从句中作主语，故填that或which。 答案：that/which 　　The exhibition area， 4. 　　　　　　 （cover） some 1，600 square meters，features the results of research on nearly 50 sets of cultural relics from the Dunhuang Academy. 5. 　　　　　　 the real grotto in Dunhuang is no longer open to the public，the digitally 6. 　　　　　　 （restore）grotto can be preserved forever in the digital space. 5. 考查连词。此处是说尽管真正的石窟不再向公众开放，但经过数 字修复的石窟在数字空间中可以永远保存下来。空处引导让步状语 从句，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Although或Though或 While。 4. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词作定 语，cover与主语the exhibition area为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填 covering。 答案：covering 答案：Although/Though/While 6. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定 语，修饰grotto，restore与grotto是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 restored。 答案：restored 　　Opening in July，the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy 7. 　　　　　　 （hold）such a long exhibition in Beijing. By the end of 2021，the “digital Dunhuang project” had completed the digital 8. 　　　　　　 （collect）of 268 grottoes. Such projects have provided a means of preserving China’s splendid cultural heritage for future generations，while making it more 9. 　　　　　　 （wide）available both at home and abroad. It is hoped that the “digital Dunhuang” will not only allow more audiences 10. 　 　 （experience） the artistic charm of Dunhuang， but also promote exchanges between cultures along the Belt and Road under new historical conditions. 8. 考查词性转换。空处作had completed的宾语，应用其名词形式， 且此处特指268个石窟的数字采集。故填collection。 7. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这是敦煌研究院第一次在北京举 办这么长时间的展览。在“It is the first/second/third/...time＋that从 句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；又因the Dunhuang Academy为第三人称单数，故填has held。 答案：has held 答案：collection 10. 考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.是固定用法。 9. 考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词available，应用副词widely。 答案：widely 答案：to experience $$