专项2 首字母语篇填词--沪教牛津版八年级上册期中专项

原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 专项 2 首字母语篇填词（答案解析） Passage 1 【答案】1．(p)robably 2．(g)rain 3．(H)owever 4．(i)nventors 5．(r)est 【导语】本文从一首唐诗入手，说明世界粮食形势严峻，最后号召大家节约粮食。 1．句意：每个中国人可能都知道著名的诗句 “谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”。分析句子可知，句 子结构完整，结合首字母提示可填副词 probably“可能”，修饰动词 knows。故填(p)robably。 2．句意：每个中国人可能都知道著名的诗句“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”。根据“famous poem” 及常识可知，此处指诗句 “谁知盘中餐 ，粒粒皆辛苦”，空处填 grain“谷粒”，符合语境，空前 有“every”，此处填单数名词。故填(g)rain。 3．句意：然而，我们很多人都没有理解这些诗句的真正含义：不要浪费食物。根据“many of us don’t get the real meaning of these lines”可知，句子结构完整 ，结合语境可知此处是转折，空处 填 however “然而”，符合语境。故填(H)owever。 4．句意：尽管发明家已经发明了许多现代机器来帮助提高粮食产量，但是节约粮食仍然很重 要。根据“…have invented many modern machines to help increase (增加) the production of food” 可知，此处指发明家发明了机器。inventor “发明家”，根据“have invented”可知，此处填复数形 式，故填(i)nventors。 5．句意：例如，如果我们吃不完点的食物，就把剩下的带回家。根据“if we cannot eat all the food we order”可知，此处应指剩余的食物，名词 rest 表示“剩余”，符合语境。故填(r)est。 Passage 2 【答案】1．(c)ulture 2．(e)xchange 3．(i)ntroduce 4．(t)our/(t)ravel 5．(e)xperience 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者要去英国做交换生以及去英国要做的一些事情。 1．句意：在这两周的时间里，我希望能够了解英国文化，锻炼自己的英语能力。根据“take part in an exchange programme in London”和“learn about British”及首字母可知，此处指英国文化， culture“文化”，不可数名词。故填(c)ulture。 2．句意：我将成为伦敦一所著名学校的交换生。根据“I’m going to take part in an exchange programme in London”可知，此处指交换生，用 an exchange student表示。故填(e)xchange。 23．句意：他们会给我介绍很多新事物。根据“ me to many new things”及首字母可知，此处考 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 查 introduce sb. to sth.“向某人介绍某物”，will后跟动词原形。故填(i)ntroduce。 4．句意：我还打算游览伦敦。根据“around London”和“he next two weeks should be a good ...for me.”及首字母可知，此处可填(t)our/(t)ravel。 5．句意：接下来的两周对我来说应该是一次很好的体验。上文详细讲述了作者在这两周内要 做的事情，根据“ should be a good ...for me”及首字母可知，此处指接下来的两周应会是一次很 好的生活体验，experience“经历、体验”，a后跟名词单数形式。故填(e)xperience。 Passage 3 【答案】1．(p)rize 2．(r)ealize 3．(i)ncludes 4．(p)opular 5．(a)nytime 【导语】本文主要讲述了作为学生，我们必须意识到锻炼的重要性，同时也可以买一些关于如 何在日常生活中锻炼的书。 1．句意：当我们在运动会中获得第一名时，我们班都很兴奋。根据“Our class was excited when we won the first”可知是指一等奖，first prize“一等奖”，故填(p)rize。 2．句意：作为学生，我们必须意识到锻炼的重要性。根据“As students, we must...the importance of doing exercise”结合首字母可知是指意识到锻炼的重要性，realize“意识到”，动词，空前有情 态动词，动词用原形，故填(r)ealize。 3．句意：这本新书包括许多有趣的故事和精彩的图画。根据“The new book...many interesting stories and wonderful pictures”可知新书包含很多有趣的故事和精彩的图画，include“包括”，动 词，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故填(i)ncludes。 4．句意：他们在学生中很受欢迎。根据“They are so...among the students”可知是指电子书在学 生间很受欢迎，popular“受欢迎的”，形容词作表语，故填(p)opular。 5．句意：此外，你可以随时随地阅读，如果你想在白天或睡觉前。根据“Besides, you can read...and anywhere ”可知是指任何时候，anytime“任何时间”，故填(a)nytime。 Passage 4 【答案】1．(i)nvention 2．(t)iny 3．(o)perate 4．(d)eveloping 5. (i)nformation 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电脑的发明给人们带来的便利。 31．句意：这样的一个发明是电脑。根据前文“creative minds are always working to produce things that have not existed before”可知，此处是举例说明，其中的一个发明就是电脑。故填(i)nvention。 2．句意：电脑从外观看可能很小，但是我们能够使用它做很多事情。根据后文“but we can use 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 them to do big things”可知，前后句意存在转折，故前面应该是好电脑看起来很小。故填(t)iny。 3．现在，我们有电脑，并且我们能够快速、高效地操作这些机器，让我们的生活更加便利。 根据“powerful machines”可知，应该是操作机器。故填(o)perate。 4．句意：现在，电脑发展得如此迅速以至于人们可以在不同方面使用它们。根据后文“As students, we can use computers to study, look for information, or chat with friends. ”可知，电脑是在不断发展。 句中有 are提示要用现在分词形式。故填(d)eveloping。 5. 句意：作为学生，我们可以使用电脑来学习，查阅资料，或跟朋友们聊天。故填(i)nformation。 Passage 5 【答案】1．(b)orn 2．(f)avorite 3．(i)nterest 4．(o)ne 5．(w)on 【导语】本文主要介绍了几个人最喜欢的音乐家。 1．句意：他出生于 1770年，死于 1827年。be born in“出生于”，是固定短语，故填(b)orn。 2．句意：他最喜欢的音乐家是欧洲作曲家莫扎特。根据“His f...musician is Mozart”可知是指最 喜欢的音乐家，favourite/favorite“最喜欢的”，形容词，结合前文“Her favorite musician is Beethoven.”可知应用 favorite，与之对应，故填(f)avorite。 3．句意：他小时候对音乐表现出极大的兴趣。show interest in“对……表现出兴趣”，是固定短 语，故填(i)nterest。 4．句意：他认为冼是中国最伟大的音乐家之一。此处是固定结构：one of+the+形容词最高级+ 名词复数，表示“……最……之一”，故填(o)ne。 5．句意：他一生中因自己的才能赢得了许多奖项。根据“many prizes”可知是指赢得奖项，win“赢 得”，动词，句子发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填(w)on。 Passage 6 【答案】1．(i)nventor 2．(e)nough 3．(c)entury 4．(i)nstead 5．(d)ark 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了灯泡的发展历程。 1．句意：灯泡的真正发明者是 Joseph Swan。根据空前的“The real”和空后的“of the light bulb was Joseph Swan”并结合首字母可知，应该是灯泡的真正发明者是 Joseph Swan，inventor意为“发明 者”，故填(i)nventor。 2．句意：但 Swan的灯泡不能亮足够长的时间来供使用。根据后文的“Ten years later, Thomas Edison decided to improve on Swan’s light bulb”并结合所给首字母可知，应该是 Swan的灯泡不 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 能亮足够长的时间，enough意为“足够的”，故填(e)nough。 3．句意：20世纪，灯泡开始在全世界广泛使用。根据空前的“In the 20th”和空后的“light bulb began to be widely used all over the world”并结合首字母可知，应该是 20世纪，灯泡开始在全世 界广泛使用，century意为“世纪”，故填(c)entury。 4．句意：甚至路灯也开始用灯泡代替油灯。此处是固定短语 instead of“代替，而不是”，故填 (i)nstead。 5．句意：从那时起，人类能在黑暗中看清事物。根据文章可知，有了灯泡人们在黑暗中也可 以看清楚东西，dark“黑暗”符合语境，故填(d)ark。 Passage 7 【答案】1．(b)orn 2．(s)cientists 3．(p)opular 4．(i)ncluded 5．(w)ise 【导语】本文主要介绍了历史上的三位名人。 1．句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于 1879 年出生于德国，1955 年在美国去世。根据“and died in the US in 1955”及首字母提示可知，这里指爱因斯坦于 1879 年出生于德国，be born意为“出生”， 故填(b)orn。 2．句意：他被认为是 20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。根据“one of the greatest...of the 20th century” 及首字母提示可知，这里指最伟大的科学家之一，scientist意为“科学家”，“one of+the+最高级 +名词复数”意为“最……之一”，故填(s)cientists。 3．句意：他是英语界最受欢迎的作家，全世界的人都知道他。根据“the most...writer in the English language”及首字母提示可知，这里指最受欢迎的作家，popular意为“受欢迎的”，故填(p)opular。 4．句意：他的剧作有《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》等。根据“His plays...Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and so on.”及首字母提示可知，这里指他的剧作有《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，include意为 “包括”，该句为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故填(i)ncluded。 5．句意：他是一位知识渊博的聪明人。根据“a...man with a lot of knowledge”及首字母提示可知， 这里指一位知识渊博的聪明人，wise意为“聪明的”，故填(w)ise。 Passage 8 【答案】1．(p)hones 2．(d)epend 3．(e)ven 4．(w)ise 5．(c)ontrol 【导语】本文主要介绍了《我，机器人》这部电影。 1．句意：2035年，机器人像手机一样普遍。根据空前的“mobile”及首字母提示可知，此处指 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 5 mobile phone“手机”，用名词复数表示类指。故填(p)hones。 2．句意：人们依靠他们的机器人做很多事情，比如临时代为照看婴孩、做饭和遛狗。根据“on...to do...”及首字母提示可知，此处是动词短语 depend on sb. to do sth.“依靠某人做某事”。时态为一 般现在时，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填(d)epend。 3．句意：有些机器人甚至可以像人一样说话。根据“Some robots can...talk like people.”可知， 空处应填一个副词修饰动词“talk”，even“甚至”符合题意，表示加强语气。故填(e)ven。 4．句意：苏珊研究机器人的思维，她认为有一天机器人会像人类一样聪明，帮助人类取得进 步。根据“robots will be as...as humans and help humans to make progress”可知，空处表示像人类 一样聪明，空处应填一个形容词原级，wise“充满智慧的”符合题意。故填(w)ise。 5．句意：一些机器人有他们自己的思维，他们正尝试脱离人类的控制。根据“they are trying to get out of (脱离) humans’...”可知，此处表示脱离人类的控制，control“控制”，不可数名词。故 填(c)ontrol。 Passage 9 【答案】1．(i)nventions 2．(e)xpensive 3．(n)umber 4．(w)orse 5．(p)opular 【导语】本文主要介绍了自行车的相关信息。 1．句意：自行车是世界上最有用的发明之一。根据“The great inventor...”可知是指发明， invention“发明”，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“……最……之一”。故填(i)nventions。 2．句意：这并不是因为自行车贵，也不是因为人们骑自行车上班感到累。根据“Most people don’t go to work by bike. It is not because bicycles are e...”可知大多数人不骑自行车上班并不是因为自 行车贵，expensive“昂贵的”，形容词作表语，故填(e)xpensive。 3．句意：这是因为路上的汽车数量变多了。根据“It’s because the n...of cars on the roads becomes larger.”可知是指路上的汽车数量，number“数量”，故填(n)umber。 4．句意：这样的话，交通就更糟了。根据“So, more people put their bicycles away and go to work in their cars. In this way, the traffic is w...”可知越来越多的人把自行车收起来，开车去上班，这会 使得交通更糟糕了，worse“更糟糕的”，故填(w)orse。 5．句意：也许让骑行更安全、更受欢迎的最好方法是只为自行车修建道路，并让司机难以将 车开进城市。根据“Maybe the best way to make riding safer and more p...”可知是指只为自行车修 建道路会让骑行更安全、更受欢迎。popular“受欢迎的”，形容词，故填(p)opular。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 专项 2 首字母语篇填词 Passage 1 话题：唐诗教育人们珍惜粮食 词数：120词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 Every Chinese person p 1 knows the two lines of the famous poem “Every g 2 on the plate comes from hard work (谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” H 3 , many of us don’t get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food. A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Although i 4 have invented many modern machines to help increase (增加 ) the production of food, still it is important to save food. For example, if we cannot eat all the food we order, take the r 5 of it home. Passage 2 话题：去英国做交换生 词数：102词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 Tomorrow I’m going to take part in an exchange programme in London. I’ll be there for two weeks. Over the two weeks, I hope to learn about British c 1 and practice my English. I’ll be an e 2 student at a famous school in London. I’m already a little nervous because I don’t know anyone there. However, the British students are the same age as me, so I think we’ll become good friends. They’ll i 3 me to many new things. I also plan to t 4 around London. The next two weeks should be a good e 5 for me. Passage 1: 唐诗教育人们珍惜粮食 Passage 2: 去英国做交换生 Passage 3: 如何更好锻炼身体 Passage 4: 电脑的发明带来的便利 Passage 5: 谈论最喜欢的音乐家 Passage 6: 灯泡的发展历程 Passage 7: 历史上的三位名人 Passage 8: 《我，机器人》 Passage 9: 怎样更好骑行 话题概览 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 Passage 3 话题：如何更好锻炼身体 词数：115词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 Our class was excited when we won the first p 1 in the sports meeting. I’ve learned a lot. As students, we must r 2 the importance of doing exercise. To keep healthy, we can buy some books about how to exercise in our daily life. I’ll introduce one to you now. The new book i 3 many interesting stories and wonderful pictures. It’s called SPORTS. If you don’t like reading books, you can also read e-books with your mobile phone. They are so p 4 among the students. Most of us like e-books so much. Besides, you can read a 5 and anywhere if you want during the day or before going to bed. Passage 4 话题：电脑的发明带来的便利 词数：122词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 In the world of science and technology, creative minds are always working to produce things that have not existed before. One such i 1 is the computer. Computers may look t 2 on the outside, but we can use them to do big things. Today, we have computers and we can o 3 these powerful machines with fast speed and efficiency, making our lives much more convenient. Nowadays, computers are d 4 so fast that people can use them in different ways. As students, we can use computers to study, look for i 5 , or chat with friends. Learning how to use computers correctly is important for us. Passage 5 话题：谈论最喜欢的音乐家 词数：117词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 Jean likes classical music. Her favorite musician is Beethoven. Beethoven played the piano very well. He was b 1 in 1770 and died in 1827. Tom likes western music. His f 2 musician is Mozart—a European composer. Mozart showed great i 3 in music when he was young. He could play both the piano and the violin before he was six. Ling Min likes Xian Xinghai best. He thinks Xian is o 4 of the greatest musician in China. He was famous for the song Yellow River Cantata. He was a great Chinese composer. He w 5 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 many prizes for his talents during his life. His traditional music is still popular today. Many people love it. Passage 6 话题：灯泡的发展历程 词数：144词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 Did Thomas Edison really invent the light bulb? The answer is no. The real i 1 of the light bulb was Joseph Swan. He invented the electric light bulb in 1860. But Swan’s light bulb could not glow(发光) for a long e 2 time to be useful. Ten years later, Thomas Edison decided to improve on Swan’s light bulb. He did a lot of experiments to find a better bulb wire. Finally, be found the right one. It could glow for about 1,200 hours and, at the same time, it was cheap. In the 20th c 3 light bulbs began to be widely used all over the world. Even street lamp began to use light bulbs i 4 of oil. Since then, humans can see things clearly in the d 5 . It is one of the greatest inventions in history. Passage 7 话题：历史上的三位名人 词数：161词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 Today we are going to talk about three famous people in history. Albert Einstein was b 1 in Germany in 1879, and died in the US in 1955. He is considered to be one of the greatest s 2 of the 20th century. His theory explain the way the universe works. In many photographs, you can see his smiling face. William Shakespeare lived about 400 years ago. During his life, he wrote around 39 plays as well as hundreds of poems. He’s the most p 3 writer in the English language. People all over the world know him. His plays i 4 Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and so on. Confucius lived over 2,000 years ago in China. He was a teacher and great politician. He is a w 5 man with a lot of knowledge. He spent much of his life traveling and meeting many different people. He is remembered for his wise saying. They were written down by his students. Passage 8 话题：《我，机器人》 词数：162词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 Do you know the movie I, Robot? It tells us a story about the future. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 The year is 2035 and robots are just as common as mobile p 1 . People d 2 on their robots to do lots of things, such as babysitting, cooking and taking their dogs for a walk. Some robots can e 3 talk like people. A police officer called Spooner hates robots. He doesn’t think humans can get on well with their robots at all! But the scientist Susan has different opinions. Susan works on robots’ mind and she thinks one day robots will be as w 4 as humans and help humans to make progress (进步). When Spooner and Susan work together, they find that something is wrong with the world’s robots. A few robots have their own thoughts and they are trying to get out of (脱离) humans’ c 5 ! Of course these robots’ dream doesn’t come true. Passage 9 话题：怎样更好骑行 词数：165词 难度：★★☆ 建议用时：5分钟 The bicycle is one of the most useful i 1 in the world. The great inventor Leonardo da Vinci drew pictures for bicycles but people began to produce and ride them long after he died. When a person rides a bicycle, it needs very little energy to move, and there is no pollution at all when you are riding. However, it develops slowly. Most people don’t go to work by bike. It is not because bicycles are e 2 or people feel tired if they ride them to work. It’s because the n 3 of cars on the roads becomes larger. It certainly is dangerous to ride a bike. So, more people put their bicycles away and go to work in their cars. In this way, the traffic is w 4 . Maybe the best way to make riding safer and more p 5 is to build roads only for bicycles, and to make it difficult for drivers to take their cars into the city.