UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ Learning About Language 课时跟踪检测 目 录 　(语法项目——复习定语从句) Dear Mr White， The website ①that you've recommended to me is very beneficial to my English study. The online learning network, ②whose material involves all aspects of knowledge, is really what I need most. I often browse the website, ③which greatly broadens my horizons. In addition, I have made many new friends ④who are passionate about English. 　(语法项目——复习定语从句) 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 I exchange a lot with them about school life, cultures, science, and so on. Now I can express myself much better than ever. In fact, I have reached the stage ⑤where I can communicate with others fluently in English. I will never forget the day ⑥when I won the first prize in the speech contest. The reason ⑦why I have made rapid progress in English study is that you've helped me a lot. I owe all my achievements to you. I'm looking forward to more advice from you! Yours, Li Hua ①that引导限制性定语从句，先行词为website，在从句中作宾语； ②whose引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为network，在从句中作定语； ③which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句描述的内容； ④who引导限制性定语从句，先行词为friends，在从句中作主语； ⑤where引导限制性定语从句，先行词为stage，在从句中作地点状语； ⑥when引导限制性定语从句，先行词为day, 在从句中作时间状语； ⑦why引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，在从句中作原因状语。 慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通　 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句中的某个成分。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。 一、关系代词的用法　 1．关系代词的种类、功能 所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who/that which/as/that that/as 宾语 who/whom which/as/that that/as 定语 whose/of whom whose/of which whose 2．关系代词的句法作用 (1)as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于such ...as ..., the same ...as ...结构中，as为关系代词，其既可指人也可指物，且在从句中既可作主语也可作宾语。 He is such a kind person as we all like. 他是个这样善良的人，我们都喜欢他。 This is the same book as was bought yesterday. 这就是昨天买的书。 (2)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与先行词的单复数保持一致。 The number of the people who/that come to visit the city each year is on the increase. 每年来参观这座城市的人数在增加。 [名师点津] 关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，谓语动词的单复数与复数名词形式一致，即用复数形式；若先行词为“the only one of＋复数名词”时，谓语动词的单复数与one一致，即用单数形式。 Tom is one of the students who study hard. 汤姆是这些学习刻苦的学生中的一个。 Tom is the only one of the students who studies hard. 汤姆是这些学生中唯一一个学习刻苦的。　　 (3)表示人的关系代词who在口语中可代替whom。如果关系代词作介词的宾语，则只能用whom, 但如果把介词放在句尾，则两者都可以用；表示物的关系代词that在口语中可代替which。如果关系代词作介词的宾语，则只能用which, 但如果把介词放在句尾，则两者都可以用。 This is the missing boy who/whom they are searching for. ＝This is the missing boy for whom they are searching. 这就是他们正在寻找的那个走失的男孩。 It is the TV series (that/which) we talked about just now. ＝It is the TV series about which we talked just now. 这就是我们刚才谈论的电视连续剧。 (4)当关系代词whose代替物时，实际上相当于of which；当关系代词whose代替人时，实际上相当于of whom。 It was a small village whose name (＝the name of which/of which the name) I have forgotten. 那是一个小村子，它的名字我忘了。 During our stay at the seaside city last summer, we met a fisherman whose face (＝ the face of whom/of whom the face) got sunburnt. 去年夏天我们在这座海边城市逗留期间，我们遇到了一位渔夫，他的脸都晒黑了。 (5)关系代词引导定语从句，且关系代词作介词的宾语时，先行词是人，关系代词用whom；先行词是物，关系代词用which。介词有时位于关系代词之前，有时也可位于从句中动词之后。 Now she needs a person to whom she can turn for help. 现在她需要一位能够寻求帮助的人。 There is a dictionary in which we can look up the new word. 有一本词典，我们可以在这本词典里查这个新单词。 [名师点津] 介词的确定主要取决于三个原则： 一是与先行词的搭配； 二是与从句中动词的搭配； 三是上下文表达的需要。 (6)关系代词只用that的几种特殊情况。 ①当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时 Tell me everything that you know. 把你知道的一切告诉我。 ②当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some修饰时 This is the only coat that I have. 这是我拥有的唯一一件大衣。 ③当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 这是我参观过的最美的城市。 ④当先行词被序数词修饰时 This is the first lesson that we have this term. 这是我们这学期上的第一节课。 ⑤当先行词既包括人又包括物时 He hasn't sent us the workers and equipment that we need. 他还没有给我们送来我们需要的工人和设备。 ⑥当主句是以who, what, which开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the coat that you like best? 你最喜欢的大衣是哪件？ ⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时 Your disease is not the case that it used to be. 你的病情已经不是过去的情况了。 名师点津：which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别   which as 位置 只能放在先 行词的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, hope, know, expect, remember等 含义 意为“这一点” 意为“正如……，正像……” (2022·全国乙卷)They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. 他们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。 She was late for school again, as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她上学又迟到了。 [对点练] (1)用定语从句合并两个简单句 ①The doctor is in the room.You are looking for him.(whom) →______________________________________________ ②Nobody wants the house.Its windows are all broken.(whose) →________________________________________________ The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. Nobody wants the house whose windows are all broken. ③We know the place. We can buy comic books there.(where) →____________________________________________ ④She was late for the meeting. Do you know the reason? (why) →__________________________________________________ We know the place where we can buy comic books. Do you know the reason why she was late for the meeting? (2)在下列句子中填入适当的关系代词 ⑤(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. which/that ⑥(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. ⑦(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell­Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. who which ⑧(2023·浙江1月高考) Last Sunday witnessed an activity with the theme of “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us”， _______ involved all students in Senior One. ⑨(2022·全国甲卷)It is hard to name a comedy star hasn't been on the stage here. which who 二、关系副词的用法　 关系副词的种类、功能及句法作用 关系副词 被替代的先行词 在从句中的作用 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语 1．关系副词的转换 关系副词when, where及why可转换为：介词＋which。when, where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定适当的介词，但是关系副词why只可转换为for which。 The day will come when (＝on which) we'll meet again. 我们再次见面的日子会到来的。 In the middle of the sitting room, there is a table where (＝on which) many dishes are placed. 在客厅的中间有一张放着很多盘子的桌子。 2．注意事项 (1)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。 We admire the way (that/in which) he solved the problem. 我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式。 (2)表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, race, life, point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 They are now in a situation where they need to make a practical plan. 他们现在处于一种需要制定一个切实可行的计划的处境。 [对点练]　(用“介词＋关系代词”改写句子) ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. →Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years our children were little. ②I have decided to visit the place again where we met each other. →I have decided to visit the place again we met each other. in which at which ③Can you help to find out a way that we can solve the problem easily? →Can you help to find out a way we can solve the problem easily? ④His illness was the reason why he had given up the chance. →His illness was the reason he had given up the chance. in which for which 三、非限制性定语从句　 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。 He is English, which I know from his accent. 他是英国人，我通过他的口音知道这一点。 I have about 10 books, half of which were written in English. 我有大约10本书，其中一半是英文书籍。 活用语法——在针对训练中提能　 用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空 Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer ① wrote around 500 books ② included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about Shakespeare.But his best­known work was his science fiction stories.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination ③ gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with ④ he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past. who that/which that/which which Asimov's life began in Russia, ⑤ he was born on 2 January, 1920.It ended in New York on 6 April, 1992, ⑥ he died as a result of an HIV infection ⑦ he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier.When Asimov was three, he moved to New York with his family.There his parents bought a candy store ⑧ they ran for the next 40 or so years.At the age of nine, ⑨ his mother was pregnant with her third child, Asimov started working in the candy store. where when that/which that/which when 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 When people sit together at night and enjoy the glorious moon, an ancient poem, Prelude to Water Melody, is often read for this occasion.Critics say it's probably the best poem about the Mid­Autumn Festival.Let's just focus on its most famous five lines to make some analysis. In the first two lines of the five, the writer is comparing the life of a man with the changing face of the moon.In Chinese culture the moon is always considered to be a perfect carrier of emotions like nostalgia and longing for family reunion.A full moon symbolizes perfection and unity, while a gloomy night may remind people of their misfortunes.When the moon is round and fair but people are separated from their loved ones, such moments can be even more heartbreaking. Before the comparison, the poet actually complains about the seemingly “ruthless (无情的)” moon and asks her: You should have no spite (怨恨) against man, but why.When people part, are you often full and bright? However, he soon realizes that no one has an easy ride, just like the moon may not always be bright.The imperfections have been going on since the beginning of time.That's why he says “There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.” But should we get bogged down (陷入) by the suffering of things with which we can't change? The poet gives his answer: Change your attitude and stay positive.So, we have this everlasting line, “ .” The poet hopes that people appreciate the fact that no matter where they are, as long as the ones they love and miss are healthy and happy, they can all admire the same moon high in the sky. To this day people still use this verse to express their good will and wishes for family members and friends who can't be with them, especially during major festivals. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕苏轼的《水调歌头》进行了赏析，尤其是对词中最著名的五句进行了分析。 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How we can appreciate Chinese poetry about the Mid­Autumn Day. B．When we must recite the best Chinese poetry about the Mid­Autumn Day. C．What made a poet write the best ever Mid­Autumn Day Chinese poem. D．Why a poem is the peak of Chinese poetry about the Mid­Autumn Day. √ 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Critics say it's probably the best poem about the Mid­Autumn Festival ...make some analysis.”可知，文章主要针对《水调歌头》最著名的五句来分析为什么它是关于中秋节最好的诗。 2．Why does the poet write “There has been nothing perfect since the olden days” in the poem? A．He doesn't understand why the moon hates humans. B．He knows eventually the moon will become full again. C．He realizes life is always accompanied by imperfections. D．He understands life is too ruthless and has lost his interest in it. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, he soon realizes that no one has an easy ride, just like the moon may not always be bright.The imperfections have been going on since the beginning of time.”可知，苏轼意识到生活中的缺陷从一开始就一直存在，生活总是伴随着不完美，所以他写道“此事古难全”。 3．Which of the following lines is the most suitable for the blank in paragraph 4? A．How long will the full moon appear? Wine cup in hand I ask the sky. B．Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I'm drowned. C．In spring the river rises as high as the sea; with the river's tide uprises the moon bright. D．May we all be blessed with a long life; Miles apart, we'll share the beauty of the moon together. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中横线处下文的内容并结合《水调歌头》原文以及中国文化常识可知，空处应该是“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”。 4．We can infer from this article that the author . A．is a very optimistic poet B．likes the first two lines of the five most C．appreciates the poet's optimism in the poem D．believes a positive state of mind is a must to a good poet 解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，作者非常欣赏诗人在词中所表达的积极乐观的态度。 √ Ⅱ.用适当的关系词完成下面短文 Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, ① I breathed its choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. where I'd skipped nearby Guilin, ② is a dream place for tourists ③ seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ④ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those ⑤ fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city. which who/that that/which who Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ⑥___________ was conducted by a website names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations ⑦ are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families ⑧ are in Asia.A travel company in Hong Kong says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ⑨ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. that/which that/which that/who who/that Ⅲ.语法填空 Poetry is never far away from our daily lives.Many of us grew up reciting classic poems, learning to enjoy this beautiful art form that's able to use just a few lines 1 (express) such rich meanings. The Chinese Shijing, which dates back 2 the Western Zhou Dynasty, has a 3 (long) history than the Homeric epics (荷马史诗)．Even today, classic poems are appreciated by a lot of people. To recognize the special ability of poetry and get its 4 (create) spirit, World Poetry Day 5 (hold) by the United Nations on March 21 each year to support linguistic (语言的) diversity through poetic expression. The Chinese Poetry Congress showing classic poetry is 6 (extreme) popular.The competition saw over 100 hopeful participants taking part in a number of challenges.The participants, 7 ages range from 7 to 70, include students, farmers, teachers and foreign 8 (compete) with an interest in Chinese literature. And even TV series involving poetry are very 9 (success)．For example, in a famous drama, one of its most moving songs was adapted from a poem 10 (write) by Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诗歌在我们的日常生活中随处可见，离我们的生活并不遥远，并举例进行了说明。 1．to express　考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“使用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语，故填to express。 2．to　考查介词。date back to为固定短语，意为“追溯到……”，故填to。 3．longer　考查形容词比较级。根据空后“history than the Homeric epics(荷马史诗)”可知，应用形容词比较级，故填longer。 4．creative　考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰spirit，作定语，故填creative。 5．is held　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“each year”可知，应用一般现在时；主语World Poetry Day与hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，谓语动词也应用单数，故填is held。 6．extremely　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词popular，作状语，故填extremely。 7．whose　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The participants，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。 8．competitors　考查名词复数。此处与“students, farmers, teachers”并列，作动词include的宾语，应用复数形式，故填competitors。 9．successful　考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语，故填successful。 10．written　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作非谓语，且a poem与write在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填written。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 你校英文报正在开展以“传承中华优秀文化”为主题的诗歌评论征集活动。请你写一则诗评投稿，内容包括： 1．诗歌简介；　2.诗歌赏析；　3.个人感受。 请根据汉语提示补全习作： “Thoughts on a Tranquil Night” is a masterpiece ①___________ ____________________(由李白所写), one of the most celebrated poets in Chinese history. The poem vividly describes the poet's melancholy mood as ② (他凝视明月) on a tranquil night. that/which he gazes at the bright moon was written by Li Bai At the beginning, the imagery creates a serene and peaceful atmosphere, ③___________________________________________________ (让读者感觉仿佛置身于诗人的身边) experiencing the beauty of the night. As the poem progresses, the poet reveals his inner fur moil, expressing his longing for his homeland and his sadness at being far away. This poem shows the poet's deep sense of nostalgia and homesickness, ④____________ _______________________________(这是中国诗歌中常见的主题)． In my opinion, this poem is so beautiful and poignant that it is a timeless classic. making the readers feel as if they were there with the poet which is a common theme in Chinese poetry $$