UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(语法项目——现在完成进行时)(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　(语法项目——现在完成进行时) 目 录 NO.1 NO.2 新知学习/ 核心语言点集中解释 课时检测 语法专题/ 落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 语法专题 / 落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 NO.1 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 I have been hearing① a strange sound for a while.It's a deep, loud roar, like a lion's.But there aren't any lions here ...Or are there? Soon I see what has been making② the noise: a howler monkey.Now I feel less worried.Realising that something is moving③ on my shoulder, I turn my head to look at it.Oh no! It's a giant spider! I brush it off and it runs under some leaves.I try to bat away the huge insects, which have been flying④ around my head in a black cloud for quite a while.I pull off the headset and I'm back in my living room.Thank goodness! I have been given⑤ the latest virtual reality headset and, for the last twenty minutes, I have been using⑥ it to explore the Amazon.This is an amazing experience and a reminder of how many species there are in the rainforest.We must do all we can to protect it. 句③为现在进行时，表示动作现在正在进行； 句⑤为现在完成时的被动语态，现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成； 句①②④⑥是现在完成进行时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还将继续下去。 慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通　 一、现在完成进行时的用法　 1．表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去的动作。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 I've been waiting for an hour but she still hasn't come. 我已经等了一个小时，但她还没有来。 She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 自从八岁以来她一直在打网球。 2．现在完成进行时在上下文语境充分时也可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。 You've been working too hard. 你工作太辛苦了。 You've been smoking again. 你又抽烟了。 Who's been insulting you? 谁冒犯你了？ 3．有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。 He's been shaving since last year. 他从去年开始就一直刮胡子。 You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad. 整整一年你都在说要出国学习。 4．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working like that. 她一贯是那样工作的。 Tom's hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. 汤姆的手很脏。他一直在修汽车。 [图解助记] [对点练]　(完成句子) ①I English since four years ago. 我从四年前就一直在学英语了。 have been learning ②Why are your clothes so dirty? ? 你的衣服怎么这么脏？你一直在做什么？ ③The students for the exam. 学生们一直在准备考试。 What have you been doing have been preparing ④As she , Miss Smith got promoted soon. 由于史密斯小姐一直努力工作，因此很快得到了提升。 ⑤You know, I for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 你知道，我找工作已经找了三个月了，这是我第一次正式的面试。 has always been working hard have been looking for a job 二、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别　 1．在不使用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时的动作不一定已经完成，很可能还要持续下去，而现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成。现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调动作的结果。 2．现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时一般表示一次性动作。 3．现在完成进行时比较生动，有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。 [名师点津]　有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时： 状态动词：be, have, exist； 情感动词：like, love, hate, dislike； 感官动词：see, hear, know, feel, sound； 短暂性动词：finish, marry, come, go等。 They have gone to Shanghai. 他们已经去上海了。 They have been to Shanghai. 他们曾去过上海。 They have already finished the work. 他们已经完成了这项工作。 [对点练]　(用所给动词的正确时态填空) ①They (marry) for three years. ②The problem (study) for five days. ③I (use) this pen only three times.It is still good. ④You must be tired now since you (work) for five hours. have been married has been studied have used have been working ⑤The children are dirty because they (play) in the mud all the morning. ⑥I (look) for my pen for over ten minutes, but I (not find) it yet. have been playing have been looking haven't found 活用语法——在针对训练中提能　 用所给动词的适当形式完成短文 A Lately, I ① (think) about changing my job because I ② (become) unsatisfied with the conditions at my company.The company where I ③ (work) since five years ago ④ (announce) that it will cut 100 jobs have been thinking have become have been working has announced because of the bad economic environment.Although I ⑤____________ (not decide) which job I will take next, I am making preparations for what I will do next.So, do you have any idea for me? B Some experts ① (do) some research on robots these years.Robot teachers are now very popular with pupils in some primary schools in South Korea.② (compare) with human teachers, robot teachers are more patient.In addition, they haven't decided have been doing Compared ③ (stand) there since they were created and never feel tired.④ (equip) with microphones and video cameras，the robots teach students as teachers.Researchers found that the English-teaching robots helped raise students' interest in the language.More and more students gradually got their grades ⑤_________ (improve) in exams.Meanwhile，other robot teachers，which can teach math, science and art, ⑥ (develop) have been standing Equipped improved have been developed so far as well.Many people think these robot teachers should be used in faraway village schools so that the children who ⑦___________________ (look) forward to better education these years can also receive good education.⑧ (give) rural school children more learning chances, the South Korean government ⑨ (express) great interest in developing these robots already.No doubt there will be more and more robot teachers ⑩ (work) with students.Perhaps they will completely replace human teachers one day in the future.Who knows? have been looking To give has expressed working 新知学习/ 核心语言点集中解释 NO.2 1．After I lost my right hand in a car accident two years ago, I began to withdraw into myself, believing I would never be able to lead a normal life again. 当我两年前在一起车祸中失去右手之后，我开始变得不爱与人交往，觉得自己再也不能过正常的生活了。 ★withdraw vi.& vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供 [用法感知] ①(名言警句)It's better to withdraw and make a net than to stand by the pond and long for fish. 临渊羡鱼，不如退而结网。 ②If your password is not valid, you can't withdraw money from your account. 如果你的密码无效，你就无法从账户中提取资金。 [归纳点拨] withdraw sb./sth.from sth.　 使某人/某物从……中撤离或退出 withdraw into oneself 脱离(社会)；不与人交往 [应用融会] (1)单句语法填空 ③A bad cold forced him to withdraw the swimming competition. ④She is very shy and always looks for a chance to withdraw ____herself. from into (2)替换加蓝词汇 ⑤The drug was taken back from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.___________ withdrawn 2．I was equipped with an artificial hand, but it did not feel like part of me.　 我安装了一只假手，但感觉它不像是我(身体)的一部分。 ★equip vt.配备；使有能力 [用法感知] ①(主旨升华句)We should equip ourselves with the high-positive poses and make our every day beautiful and energetic! 我们应该用高度积极的姿态装备自己，让我们的每一天变得美好且充满活力！ ②As our new stadium is equipped with modern facilities, we can organize a variety of activities in it. 由于我们的新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。 ③(深刻说理句)The path to success is a rocky path and you need to be prepared and fully equipped for the trip. 成功的道路是艰难的，你需要为此做好准备，充分装备自己。 [归纳点拨] (1)equip ...with ...　　 用……装备……；让……具备(知识、技能等) be equipped with 配备着/具有……(常用过去分词作状语) equip sb./sth.for ..　 为……而武装某人； 为……而装备某物 be equipped to do sth. 能够胜任做某事 (2)equipment n. [U] 装备；设备 a piece of equipment 一件装备 [应用融会] (1)单句语法填空 ④It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped ________(speak)． ⑤We want our son to have a good education that will equip him ____future life. to speak for ⑥In addition, they spend money on fishing (equip), fuel and boat repairs. (2)熟词生义 ⑦A basic two-hour first aid course would equip you to deal with any of these incidents._________ equipment 使有能力 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Almost all of us have a friend, who can eat anything and eat as much as an elephant yet never gain weight.So why can your friend get away with eating what he/she wants and not get fat? First and foremost, it has something to do with Genetics (基因学): high basal metabolic rate (BMR) (高基础代谢率)．When we are resting, our body spends some energy for basic activities like breathing and pumping of the heart.So those with high BMR burn more calories at rest as compared to those who have low BMR.As a result, these individuals don't put on weight despite eating large amounts of foods. To show that it is true, scientists have experimented on laboratory mice.They gave the mice a special diet with a lot of fat.Some mice gained weight while the other mice stayed thin, even though both groups of mice ate the same amount of food and got the same amount of exercise.Scientists concluded that weight gain seems to be influenced by genetic factors.Armed with this knowledge, they believe it may be possible to develop medicines that can target (针对) the genes and stop people from gaining weight. Other reasons such as bad eating and living habits as well as illnesses also contribute to weight gain.The study of weight gain is becoming more important as the number of people who are overweight continues to grow. Current medicines for weight control do not work very well because they can have serious side effects.However, it takes a long time to develop and test new drugs.Therefore, despite this breakthrough in the study of weight loss drugs, scientists and health professionals all agree that currently the best way to control weight gain is to have a healthy, balanced diet and an active lifestyle with daily exercise.This will not only help people avoid becoming overweight, but also help them stay healthy and energetic. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发胖的原因与遗传有关，科学家通过实验证明了这一点。 √ 1．Why does the author ask a question in Paragraph 1? A．To stress his doubts. B．To compare different results. C．To introduce the topic. D．To express his unhappiness. 解析：推理判断题。阅读第一段并结合全文的内容可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引入话题。 √ 2．What might be the key reason for getting fat? A．Bad living habits.　 B．Genetic factors. C．Bad eating habits. D．Serious illnesses. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“First and foremost, it has something to do with Genetics: high basal metabolic rate (BMR)．”可知，发胖的主要原因是遗传因素。 3．What did the scientists do with the mice during their experiment? A．They gave them the same experimental conditions. B．They fed them on a special diet with only fat. C．They studied the genetic structure of their bodies. D．They divided them into two groups at the beginning. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some mice gained weight while the other mice stayed thin, even though both groups of mice ate the same amount of food and got the same amount of exercise.”可知，在实验中，科学家们给了老鼠们相同的实验条件。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Current Weight-loss Medicines Have Bad Effects B．Controlling Weight Gain Is Hard but Possible C．Knowing Your BMR Helps Lose More Weight D．Genes Play a Role in Deciding Your Weight √ 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文特别是第二段内容可知，文章主要说明了发胖的原因与遗传有关，科学家通过实验证明了这一点。由此可知，D选项“基因决定你的体重”适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I knew Janine when she was seven and became a patient of mine.Her father had told me proudly on the first day we met how he'd beaten cancer. 5 ， soon it attacked him again.He died of that when Janine was 10.Her mother，already 6 from mental illness, was unable to 7 her daughter alone.Therefore, Janine was 8 to move from one foster (寄养的) home to another. In a desperate attempt to deal with the 9 in her world, Janine developed severe anorexia (厌食症)．After repeated fruitless treatments, she gave up hope and had no 10 to get better. I knew I had to 11 .I explained the situation to my husband, Saul, about this amazing young girl who didn't 12 what happened to her and who needed our help.The week before, we had been strategizing about our 13 .Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.To my 14 ， Saul agreed without any hesitation. 15 ， caring for someone with severe anorexia was far more 16_ than we thought.We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.Janine went through treatment programs three more times before beginning to 17 little by little years later. Through it all, we stayed by her side.We 18 retirement to support Janine and watch her grow.Thankfully, our work has 19 ： right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping (切碎) vegetables side by side. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫领养了自己的一个小患者，并帮助这个小患者恢复健康的感人故事。 √ 5．A.Unfortunately　　　　　 B．Uncertainly C．Unintentionally D．Unbelievably 解析：根据下文“soon it attacked him again”可知，Janine的父亲再次患上了癌症，由此可知，这是不幸地。 √ 6．A.keeping B．escaping C．suffering D．disappearing 解析：根据空后的“mental illness”可知，此处指患上了精神病。suffer from意为“患上……病”。 √ 7．A.tend B．cure C．injure D．inspire 解析：根据上文“Her mother, already from mental illness”可知，Janine的母亲患有精神病，因此，她没办法独自照顾自己的女儿。 √ 8．A.allowed B．persuaded C．encouraged D．forced 解析：根据上文“Her mother, already from mental illness, was unable to her daughter alone.”可知，Janine的父亲去世，母亲患有精神病没办法照顾她。由此可知，Janine被迫被送去寄养。 √ 9．A.violence B．chaos C．disease D．behavior 解析：根据上文内容可知，Janine的父亲去世、母亲患病，而Janine则不得不被送去寄养，由此可知，Janine的生活一片混乱。 √ 10．A.resource B．chance C．evidence D．motivation 解析：根据上文的“she gave up hope”可知，Janine放弃了希望，由此可知，她失去了变好的动力。 √ 11．A.wait B．act C．compromise D．accelerate 解析：根据下文“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”可知，看到Janine的情况，作者决定领养她，由此可知，作者决定采取行动。 √ 12．A.admit B．expect C．comprehend D．deserve 解析：根据下文“who needed our help”以及空后的宾语“what happened to her”可推测，空处指的是作者对于Janine的遭遇感到同情，觉得Janine不应该遭遇这一切，所以她需要帮助。 √ 13．A.retirement B．appointment C．employment D．treatment 解析：根据下文的“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”以及“We retirement to support Janine and watch her grow.”可知，作者和丈夫本来是准备退休。 √ 14．A.annoyance B．amusement C．regret D．relief 解析：根据空后的“Saul agreed without any hesitation”可知，作者的丈夫毫不犹豫地同意了，由此可知，作者感到很宽慰。 √ 15．A.However B．Instead C．Moreover D．Therefore 解析：根据下文“caring for someone with severe anorexia was far more than we thought.We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.”可知，照顾Janine并不轻松，上下文存在转折关系。 √ 16．A.challenging B．rewarding C．thrilling D．refreshing 解析：根据下文“We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.”以及“Janine went through treatment programs three more times before beginning to little by little years later.”可知，照顾Janine的任务非常困难。 √ 17．A.reduce B．reflect C．recover D．relax 解析：根据上文的“Janine went through treatment programs three more times”以及下文“right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping vegetables side by side”可知，Janine又接受了三次治疗才开始慢慢恢复健康。 √ 18．A.sought B．took C．postponed D．planned 解析：根据上文“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.To my ， Saul agreed without any hesitation.”可知，作者和丈夫本打算退休，但是为了照顾Janine，他们选择继续工作。由此可推测，空处指的是推迟退休。 √ 19．A.paid off B．run out of C．set off D．worked out 解析：根据空前的“Thankfully”以及下文的“right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping vegetables side by side”可知，作者和丈夫的努力最终得到了回报，因为Janine已经康复了。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), deeply 1 (root) in the rich heritage of Chinese civilization, is 2 unique and comprehensive medical system that includes various practices such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage therapy, and dietary therapy. TCM, with its origins 3 (date) back thousands of years to ancient China, 4 (save) lives and curing diseases for the past two thousand years or so.TCM has gained recognition and popularity worldwide due to its effectiveness in addressing a wide range of health conditions.However, it 5 (challenge) when Western Medicine (WM) was introduced by the British doctor Benjamin Hobson, 6 came to China and 7 (systematic) planted the seed of western clinical medicine into the soil of the Chinese intellectual community, posing a serious challenge 8 TCM.In the 1970s, the doctors in WM finally exceeded (超过) 9 practicing TCM. To promote further exploration into possibilities for TCM and find ways to integrate it with WM, equal importance should be given to the development of both medical systems rather than viewing them as 10 (compete)． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中医的发展和西医在中国的发展。 1．rooted　考查非谓语动词。be rooted in为固定搭配，意为“植根于，根源在于”；句中已有谓语动词is，空处应填过去分词作状语。 2．a　考查冠词。system为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且unique以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。 3．dating　考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语；its origins和date之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词形式。 4．has been saving　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“for the past two thousand years or so”可知，此处表示的动作从过去持续到现在并将继续下去，应使用现在完成进行时；主语为TCM，助动词用has。 5．was challenged　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空后“was introduced”可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语it指代TCM，和challenge之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用被动语态；再因主语为it，be动词用was。 6．who　考查定语从句。 空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，先行词为Benjamin Hobson，指人，需用关系代词who引导。 7．systematically　考查副词。 修饰动词“planted”需用副词作状语。 8．to　考查介词。 pose ... to ...意为“给……造成威胁/问题”，为固定搭配。 9．those　考查代词。 空处指代上文中的the doctors，需用those，在句中作宾语。 10．competitors　考查名词及其复数。 空处需填名词作宾语，表示“将它们看作竞争者”，应用competitor；此处表示泛指，空前没有冠词限定，需填名词的复数形式。 $$