UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ “Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　“Reading and Thinking” 的新知学习环节 目 录 NO.1 积词汇 / 由记准到用活 NO.2 通句式/ 由规则到熟用 课时跟踪检测 积词汇 / 由记准到用活 NO.1 新学词汇·归类记清 一、阅读单词——知其义 1．commercial airline　　　　　 商业_____ 2．the Bay of Bengal 孟加拉___ 3．sell crafts and antiques 出售 和_____ 4．spectacular mountain peaks 山___ 航班 湾 工艺品 古董 壮丽的 峰 5．oil and gas drilling industry 油气 业 6．hang out at the mall 在 闲逛 7．the great Canadian Prairie 加拿大_______ 8．a national park on the border 一个位于 的国家公园 9．the harbour area 地区 开采 购物广场 大草原 边界 海港 二、重点单词——写其形 1． early 起得早 2．a coach north 一辆开往北方的大巴 3．look at the beautiful 看着美景 4．one of their trip 他们旅行的一个亮点 arise bound scenery highlight 5．a of farms 一片片农场 6．pull back the 拉下窗帘 7．a of four days 持续四天 bunch curtains duration 三、活用单词——悉其变 pleasant please pleasing pleased pleasure massive massively mass literally literal breath breathe awesome awe freezing freeze frozen anticipate anticipation thunder thundering frost frosty 四、拓展构词——明其规 1．massive: -ive结尾的形容词 [依“规”串记] ①creative　　有创造力的　 ②effective　有效的 ③productive 多产的 ④active 积极的 ⑤attractive 有吸引力的 ⑥passive 被动的　　 2．awesome: -some结尾的形容词 [依“规”串记] ①handsome 英俊的 ②tiresome　　讨厌的 ③lonesome 寂寞的 ④troublesome 令人烦恼的　　 五、高级词块——通其用 1． 　　　　　　 而不是 2． 出发；开始；着手进行 3． 三两个……；一对…… 4． 自始至终；一路上 5． 是……的特点；典型的 rather than start out a couple of all the way be typical of 6． 俯视这个城市 7． 穿过；路过；经过 8． 令人惊叹 9． 除……之外(还) 10． 极冷的；冻僵的 look out over the city pass through take sb.'s breath away in addition to freezing cold 11． 是……所在地；是……的故乡 12． 事实上；实际上 13． 一束；一串；一群；大量 14． 轰隆隆地前行 15． 总而言之 be home to in fact a bunch of thunder on all in all 重点词汇•深化学习 1．During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 第一天，温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。 ★be typical of 是……的特点；典型的 [用法感知] ①(“人物介绍”写作佳句)His carefree attitude is typical of him, which makes him a charming person. 他总是无忧无虑，这使他成为一个令人羡慕的人。 ②Typically, he goes to school early. 像往常一样，他很早去上学。 [归纳点拨] (1)typical adj.　典型的；有代表性的 It is typical of sb.to do sth. 某人总是做某事(可以转化为 “Typically，＋sb.do/does sth.” 的形式) (2)typically adv. 典型地；有代表性地；一向如此 [应用融会] (1)单句语法填空 ③It (typical) takes a day or two, depending on size. ④Their lifestyles were typical ordinary people. typically of (2)一句多译 准时到达，这是他的一贯作风。 ⑤________________________________ ⑥_________________________ It is typical of him to arrive on time. Typically, he arrives on time. 2．The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. 次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。 ★arise vi.起身；出现；由……引起 [用法感知] ①(主旨升华句)When the difficulties arise, we will not shrink back. 当困难出现时，我们将不会退缩。 ②(“动作描写”写作佳句) He suddenly arose from his seat, stormed out of the house and disappeared in the curtain of night. 他突然从他座位上起身，冲出房子，消失在夜幕中。 ③The traffic accident arose from carelessness. 这次交通事故是由粗心大意造成的。 [归纳点拨] (1)arise from/out of ...　 由……引起/产生；从……中产生 (2)arise为不及物动词，没有被动语态。表示“出现，发生”之意时，主语一般为argument, difficulty, misunderstanding, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词。 [应用融会] (1)单句语法填空 ④He recognized that most of his mistakes arose his carelessness in the exam. from [易混辨析]　arise, rise, raise 原形 词性词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise (vi.)出现；发生；起身 arose arisen arising rise (vi.)升起；增长；上升 rose risen rising raise (vt.)举起；抚养；饲养 raised raised raising (2)选词填空：arise/rise/raise ⑤Don't worry.We are well prepared to deal with all the problems that may . ⑥He had to his voice to make himself heard. ⑦The price of petrol has sharply since last month. arise raise risen 3．When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖。那里湛蓝的湖水美丽异常，摄人心魄。 ★breath n．呼吸的空气；呼吸 [用法感知] ①The sight of Mount Tai took my breath away. 泰山的景色使我惊叹不已。 ②(“动作描写”写作佳句)Mike took a deep breath and pointed the flashlight toward the spot where I'd heard the sound. 迈克深吸一口气，把手电筒指向我听到声音的地方。 ③It's a good habit to breathe in fresh air in the park every morning. 每天早上在公园呼吸新鲜空气是个好习惯。 [归纳点拨] (1)take sb.'s breath away　　　 令人惊叹 take a deep breath 深呼吸 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 lose one's breath 喘不过气来 out of breath 上气不接下气；气喘吁吁 (2)breathe vt. 呼吸 breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 [应用融会]　(单句语法填空/补全语段) ④I stepped onto the stage, took deep breath and began to speak. ⑤I breathed a huge mouthful of the frigid winter air. ⑥The girl and before she dived into the water.The beautiful coral reefs she saw underwater literally .After a moment，she put her head out of the water and it seemed as if she , but soon she _________________again. a in took a deep breath held her breath took her breath away lost her breath breathed normally 这个女孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸后跳入水中。她在水下所看到的美丽的珊瑚礁着实令她惊叹。过了一会儿，她把头露出水面，看起来好像有点喘不过气来，但是很快她呼吸又正常了。 4．They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. 住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。 ★bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会；有义务(做某事) vi.跳跃着跑 [用法感知] ①(“活动介绍”写作佳句)This activity is bound to help students have a deep understanding of our traditional culture and enhance our culture confidence. 这项活动一定有助于学生深入了解我们的传统文化，增强文化自信。 ②I am bound for Shanghai because that is my favourite destination. 我准备去上海，因为那是我最喜欢的目的地。 ③(“动作描写”写作佳句)With a bright smile on his face, Jack bounded into the room holding a letter. 脸上带着灿烂的微笑，杰克拿着一封信蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间。 [归纳点拨] (1)be bound to do sth.　　　　 一定会做某事 be bound for 准备前往(某地) (2)bound back (球)弹回 [应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ④The plane is bound Tokyo, which is scheduled. ⑤The ball will bound when it is thrown on the pole. ⑥So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we . 只要我们坚持自己的理想，永不放弃，我们就一定会成功。 for back are bound to achieve success 5．Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. 望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。 ★scenery n．[U]风景；景色 [用法感知] ①Impressed by the splendid scenery and the vivid civil life the paintings portrayed, I really appreciate the wonderful works by those gifted student painters. 画中所描绘的壮丽景色和生动的居民生活给我留下了深刻的印象，我真的很欣赏那些才华横溢的实习画家的精彩作品。 ②Nevertheless, no sooner had he gone outside than an unexpected scene came into his sight. 然而，他刚走出家门，就看到了意想不到的一幕。 ③As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. 当我走近时，我看到了最令人惊奇的景象。 ④People walked arm in arm among flowers of every color and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. 人们手挽着手走在五颜六色的花丛中，远处可以看到城市天际线的优美景色。 [易混辨析]　scenery, scene, sight, view scenery 指某一地区的总的自然风景或景色，是不可数名词 scene 是scenery的一部分，可数名词，多包括景物中的人物及活动 sight “风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，多指人文景观 view 指从某个角度，尤其是从高处或远处看到的景色、风景 [应用融会]　(选词填空：scenery/scene/sight/view) ⑤The team's victory produced of joy all over the country. ⑥In the afternoon, you'll have a chance to relax and see the of Paris. ⑦The tourists on camels can enjoy the of the desert. ⑧One of the advantages of living on the top of floor of a high rise is that you can get a good . scenes sights scenery view 6. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging －10℃. 埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。 ★freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的 [用法感知] ①In order to finish the task on time, they braved the freezing environment and worked hard. 为了按时完成任务，他们冒着严寒努力工作。 ②He felt freezing cold in the water, not only from the cold of the water, but also from the fear of bears. 他感到水里冷极了，不仅是因为水很寒冷，也因为害怕熊。 ③You might get buried in snow and be frozen to death if you are not careful. 如果你一不小心，就可能被埋在雪里面，被冻死。 归纳点拨 (1)freezing cold　　　　　　极冷的；冻僵的 (2)freeze vi.& vt. 结冰；(使)冻住 freeze with 因……而呆住 freeze/be frozen to death (被)冻死 (3)frozen adj.冷藏的；冷冻的；冻僵的 轻巧识记 各种“冷暖” [应用融会] (1)单句语法填空 ④Alcohol has a lower (freeze) point than water. ⑤Her fingers were in the weather.(freeze) freezing frozen freezing (2)完成句子 ⑥I as the door slowly opened. 门慢慢开启时我吓呆了。 ⑦I decided to abandon fishing and head home before I_________ . 我决定放弃钓鱼并立即回家，否则我会冻死的。 froze with terror/fear was frozen to death 通句式 / 由规则到熟用 NO.2 1．Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。 句中rather than连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 (1)rather than意为“而不是；与其；不愿”。它通常连接两个并列的句子成分。 (2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 (3)常见的含rather than的句型： prefer to do ...rather than do ... ＝would do ...rather than do ... ＝would rather do ...than do ... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①At last I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. → ②I would rather fail than cheat in the exam. → → At last rather than telephone I decided to write. I would fail rather than cheat in the exam. I prefer to fail rather than cheat in the exam. (2)通过“一句多译”做到熟练运用 越来越多的人晚饭后宁愿出去走走也不愿待在家里看电视。 ③More and more people_______________________________________ . ④More and more people_______________________________________ . ⑤More and more people_______________________________________ . would rather go out for a walk than stay at home watching TV would go out for a walk rather than stay at home watching TV prefer to go out for a walk rather than stay at home watching TV 2．During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 第一天，温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。 此句中as引导非限制性定语从句。as的其他常见搭配如下： as we all know/as is known to (us) all　众所周知 as is often the case　　 这是常有的事 as is expected 正如所期望的 as the saying goes 常言道 as is reported 正如所报道的 as is stated 正如所陈述的 名师点津：which引导非限制性定语从句时，引导的从句通常放于主句后，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/正像……”之意。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构(改为定语从句) ①We all know that the outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch. → , the outstanding English short film，Growing Together, is interesting to watch. As we all know/As is known to (us) all ②The famous saying goes that “A good beginning is half the battle.” → ，“A good beginning is half the battle.” As the famous saying goes (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③学习汉语必然需要大量的练习，这是语言学习常有的事。 with language learning，learning Chinese is bound to call for lots of practice. As is often the case ④为何不和你信任的人分享自己的感受呢？这也有益于你的心理健康。 Why not share your feelings with someone you trust，______________ ? which is also beneficial to your mental health 3．Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。 感知将学语法——过去分词作状语 句中Seen from the train window为过去分词短语在句中作时间状语。过去分词和现在分词还可以在句中作表语。如： ①The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.(pleased是过去分词，在句中作表语) 第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。 ②It was amazing to me that it would like to be close and yet attack me in a flash.(amazing是现在分词，在句中作表语) 令我惊讶的是，它试图靠近并突然袭击我。 4．It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. 上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。 该句运用了“It is/was not until ...that ...” 强调句型。 (1)“not until ...” 结构用于强调句型时，其结构为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分”。 (2)not until引导时间状语从句置于句首时，从句用陈述语序，主句用部分倒装语序。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①I didn't have a chance to talk with my grandfather until the next day. →_______________________________________________________ (用强调句型升级) →_________________________________________________________ (用倒装句升级) It was not until the next day that I had a chance to talk with my grandfather. Not until the next day did I have a chance to talk with my grandfather. (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ②直到昨天我才注意到这件事。 It was I noticed it. ③直到我成为我们班的班长，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。 Not until I became monitor of our class_______________________ . not until yesterday that did I realize the importance of teamwork 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The (航空公司) launched a European route for the first time. 2．We can see a magical view over the calm water of the (湾) from our window. 3．He graduated from a school of (工艺) and arts at the age of 18. airline bay crafts 4．In the museum I saw many (古老的) plates when I stayed in England. 5．The couple went all out to prepare a (盛大的) feast for their guests. 6．Many mountaineers have reached that mountain (顶峰) since then. antique spectacular peak 7．One of the (最好或最精彩的部分) of the trip was seeing the Great Wall. 8．A (山羊) is a farm animal or a wild animal that is about the size of a sheep. 9．He was given the task of protecting her for the (期间) of the trial. 10．She led us to a room with a balcony overlooking the (港口)． highlights goat duration harbour Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It was (pleasant) cool in the house after the sticky heat outside. 2．Another flight would be arranged on Saturday if sufficient demand (arise). 3．China has (massive) increased its science and technology investment in recent years. pleasantly arose massively 4．Sometimes you can't take some Chinese idioms (literal) because they have deeper meanings. 5．He took a deep (breathe), and began to climb the stairs. 6．After months of (drill), oil was found off the coast. 7．The temperature remained below (freeze) point throughout the day. literally breath drilling freezing 8．Judy's eyes twinkled with (anticipate)． 9．The (thunder) sound can be heard half or one kilometer away. 10．He stood up and (head) for the door. anticipation thundering headed Ⅲ.选词填空 a bunch of， take sb.'s breath away， pass through， in addition to， all in all， start out， freezing cold， be home to 1．The sight of the beautiful mountain ______________________ when we climbed it. 2．I received red roses on my birthday. 3．The wetlands a large variety of wildlife. took our breath away a bunch of are home to 4．A few days afterwards a heavy wagon (四轮载重马车) _______ the valley. 5． an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil. 6．With everything ready, Bernard on his new business. 7．He has his faults, but, , he is a good helper. 8．It is here when it snows. passed through In addition to started out all in all freezing cold Ⅳ.完成句子 1．The question be discussed at the meeting. 会上一定会讨论这个问题。 2．We'll have the meeting in the classroom,___________________ . 我们将在教室里开会，而不是大厅里。 is bound to rather than in the great hall 3． I found it really worthy of the reputation. 直到领略了桂林的风景，我才发现它果然名不虚传。 4．Everything about this kitchen ___________________________ and there was nothing special about it. 这个厨房里的一切都和传统厨房一样，没有任何特别之处。 It was not until I admired Guilin's scenery that was typical of a traditional kitchen 5． , he cleared his throat and started to tell his funny story. 不出所料，他清了清嗓子，开始讲他那有趣的故事。 As was expected Ⅴ.课文语法填空 Li Daiyu and Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast.Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights. The next morning, they arose early ① (take) the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. From the train window, they were ② (please) to see the mountains and forests to take pleased of Canada.When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, ③ the blue water ④ (literal) took their breath away with its exceptional ⑤ (beautiful). Then they took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. From Jasper, they caught the train towards Edmonton, which is ⑥ (freeze) cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging －10 ℃. where literally beauty freezing From Edmonton, the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. They did not anticipate ⑦ (see) such an open country. They went through two wheat-growing provinces, where they saw a bunch ⑧ farms that covered a very large area. After another day on the train, eventually they were back in ⑨___ urban area, the city of Winnipeg. The train ⑩ (thunder) on, through the rolling hills.Until 9：30 a．m., they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. seeing of an thundered [语篇综合训练] Ⅰ.阅读理解 In most places a traffic signal in the middle of the desert, especially one for camels, may well be a mirage, but in this case it is all too real.At the Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot in Gansu Province, northwest China, the world's first traffic light for camels was set up to manage traffic in the popular tourist area. According to a Chinese state-owned wire service, the problem was that the walking paths for human beings often crossed camel paths, creating traffic chaos (混乱)．As a solution, workers cut a gap in the walkway and created a separate route for the camels.The traffic light now manages the flow of traffic at the new crossing. Camel-riding tours are a big attraction for visitors to the area.But visitors to the Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot will now be safe from camel crashes, thanks to the new traffic signal, which turns green to let the animals cross and red to make them stop. The Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot is already a tourist hot spot thanks to its breathtaking sand dunes (沙丘), an oasis (绿洲) and even the occasional snowstorm which create otherworldly scenery.The strange camel traffic signal could well become another attraction to enjoy on a visit to the scenic area. The area is close to Dunhuang City on the edge of the Gobi Desert, and it used to be an essential resting point for travellers on the Silk Road.Dunhuang's best-known tourist attraction is the Mogao Caves.The traffic signal is unlikely ever to reach the significance of the Mogao Caves, but at least it might help prevent a few camel traffic jams. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在中国西北部甘肃省的鸣沙山和新月泉风景区，世界上第一个骆驼红绿灯被设置，以管理这个热门旅游区的交通。 √ 1．What does the underlined word “mirage” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Reality. B．Fantasy. C．Scenery. D．Mistake. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句的后半句“but in this case it is all too real”可知，画线词所在句表示很可能是海市蜃楼，画线单词和“real”意思相反。 √ 2．Why did the workers create a separate route for the camels? A．To solve the traffic chaos. B．To have camels go through. C．To attract visitors to the area. D．To protect the visitors' safety. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a Chinese ...for the camels.”可知，人们为骆驼开辟一条单独的路线是为了解决交通混乱这一问题。 √ 3．What can we infer about the camel traffic signal from the last two paragraphs? A．It has become a tourist hot spot. B．It has prevented camel traffic jams. C．It could improve the tourism of the scenic area. D．It could greatly increase the camels' population. 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The strange camel traffic signal could well become another attraction to enjoy on a visit to the scenic area.”以及最后一段“The traffic signal is unlikely ever to reach the significance of the Mogao Caves, but at least it might help prevent a few camel traffic jams.”可知，骆驼交通信号可以提高该景区的旅游业。 √ 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To criticize the traffic jam. B．To tell us a travel experience. C．To introduce a camel traffic light. D．To analyze a natural phenomenon. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍了世界上第一个骆驼红绿灯。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Two years ago, my friend Mel Olsen and I drove to Oregon to climb 11,249-foot Mount Hood. It's 5 to start winter climbs at night when there's less risk of the sun melting (融化) the snowpack.That day, we 6 at 3 am.Along the way, we 7 two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together. After about five hours, we 8 Devil's Kitchen, a plateau (高原) of about 10,000 feet.The wind conditions were 9 .My skin felt as though it were burning.The other climbers decided to 10 ， but Mel and I went ahead.We had helmets (头盔), ice crampons and other equipment.We were 11 the climb. At around 9 am, we reached an ice step, about four feet tall.I volunteered to 12 first.I placed my left foot on the ice step and it felt good. 13 I was safe, I put my full weight on it. 14 ， a whole block of ice broke off the step, right under my foot. Immediately, I fell backward and 15 rolling down the mountain.After a few seconds, I came to a 16 on a shallow incline (斜坡)．I'd fallen 600 feet.Later I'd learn that I'd broken my left leg. I was in hospital for a week.Six months later, I 17 and was back on the mountains.The 18 hasn't kept me from doing what I love, but it has made me more 19 .One fall on a mountain can change everything. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友去登山，由于太过自信，作者从山上摔了下来，摔断了左腿。这次跌倒并没有阻止作者做自己喜欢的事情，但从此作者更加小心了。 √ 5．A.funnier B．safer C．harder D．stranger 解析：根据后文“when there's less risk of the sun melting (融化) the snowpack”可知，夜间太阳融化积雪的风险较小，所以在夜间开始冬季攀登比较安全。 √ 6．A.called B．relaxed C．continued D．started 解析：上文提到了夜间攀登比较安全，所以他们是凌晨三点出发的。 √ 7．A.met B．remembered C．reminded D．defeated 解析：根据后文“two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together”可知，他们又遇到了另外两个登山者。 √ 8．A.discovered B．introduced C．reached D．searched 解析：根据后文“Devil's Kitchen, a plateau (高原) of about 10,000 feet”可知，他们到达了一个高原。 √ 9．A.similar B．fair C．perfect D．terrible 解析：根据后文“My skin felt as though it were burning.”可知，风的情况很可怕。 √ 10．A.turn back B．catch up C．get out D．show off 解析：后文“but Mel and I went ahead”中but表示转折，说明其他登山者决定折返。 √ 11．A.worried about B．prepared for C．patient with D．bored at 解析：根据上文“We had helmets (头盔), ice crampons and other equipment.”可知，他们为攀登做好了准备。 √ 12．A.answer B．go C．play D．look 解析：根据后文“I placed my left foot on the ice step and it felt good.”可知，作者自告奋勇先去。 √ 13．A.Grateful B．Proud C．Surprised D．Confident 解析：根据上文“I placed my left foot on the ice step and it felt good.”可知，作者确信自己是安全的，所以把全部重量都放在了上面。 √ 14．A.Suddenly B．Generally C．Possibly D．Finally 解析：根据后文“a whole block of ice broke off the step, right under my foot”可知，发生了突发情况，冰掉下来了。 √ 15．A.considered B．imagined C．began D．suggested 解析：根据后文“rolling down the mountain”可知，作者摔倒后开始滚下山。 √ 16．A.change B．decision C．rest D．stop 解析：根据后文“I'd fallen 600 feet.Later I'd learn that I'd broken my left leg.”可知，作者在一个浅斜坡上停了下来。 √ 17．A.agreed B．regretted C．escaped D．recovered 解析：根据后文“and was back on the mountains”可知，作者恢复了健康，又继续爬山。 √ 18．A.problem B．fall C．rule D．wait 解析：根据后文“One fall on a mountain can change everything.”可知，此处指造成作者骨折的那次跌倒。 19．A.careful B．curious C．satisfied D．successful 解析：根据上文“it has made me more”以及后文“One fall on a mountain can change everything.”可知，跌倒让作者登山更加小心谨慎了。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 Cave tours are one of the main attractions of Mammoth Cave National Park, allowing visitors to explore the park's extensive underground cave system.There are several different types of tours available, ranging from beginner-friendly walks 1 physically demanding adventures. The most popular tour is the “Historic Tour”， 2 is a 2-hour walk that takes visitors through the park's most famous caves and tunnels.This tour 3 (offer) a glimpse into the rich cultural history of the cave, including its use by early 4 (settle) and its role as a source of saltpeter during the war of 1812. For those looking for a more challenging experience, the “Wild Cave Tour” is a 6-hour adventure that takes visitors off the 5 (beat) path and into some of the park's less-explored areas.This tour involves __6 (climb) through narrow passages, and is recommended for experienced cavers and those in good physical condition. In addition to the 7 (tour) mentioned above, there are several other options, including a “Domes and Dripstones” tour, which shows the cave's unique geology, 8 a “Frozen Niagara” tour, which features a splendid display of frozen waterfalls and towering stalactites (钟乳石)． No matter 9 your choice is, it is definitely a unique and unforgettable experience to visit Mammoth Cave National Park.The _10 (world) most fascinating underground landscapes will never fail you. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洞穴之旅的特色和历史。 1．to　考查介词。短语range from ...to ...表示“从……到……变化”。故填to。 2．which　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Historic Tour，并在从句作主语，故填which。 3．offers　考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时；主语为This tour，故填offers。 4．settlers　考查名词。作介词的宾语，表示“定居者”，应用名词settler。早期定居者为一群(批)人，故填settlers。 5．beaten　考查非谓语动词。此处beat意为“踏出，踩出(道路)”，与所修饰的名词path为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词beaten。 6．climbing　考查非谓语动词。短语involve doing sth.表示“涉及做某事”。故填climbing。 7．tours　考查名词复数。根据上文可知，tour不止一个，故用复数形式。故填tours。 8．and　考查连词。结合前后文语境可知，前后内容为并列关系，应用连词and。 9．what　考查状语从句。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，应用no matter what，故填what。 10．world's　考查名词所有格。此处world与空后的landscapes构成所属关系，应用所有格形式。故填world's。 $$