Unit 3 Food and Culture Discovering Useful Structures（课件+分层练习） - 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高一课时练习）用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. edge ①We were on a hill, right on the ________ of town.  ②Tony saw a crowd of people in the corner of the street and he ________ closer to get a better look. 2. ban ①Charlie was ________ from driving for two years. ②There will be a total ________ on smoking. 3. adopt ①They've got two ________ children and one of their own.  ②The new tax would force companies to ________ energy-saving measures. 【答案】1. ①edge            ②edged  2. ①banned        ②ban  3. ①adopted       ②adopt 二、（2024·高一课时练习）根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。 1. We'll be ________ ________ ________ (在行进中) next week, so you won't be able to reach us. 2. These animals with long necks ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (以吃高大树木上的叶子为生). 3. When ________ ________ (启程) on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes. 4. Children under 14 must ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (由一名成人陪同). 【答案】 1. on the move  2. live off leaves of tall trees  3. setting out  4. be accompanied by an adult 三、（2024·高一课时练习）选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。 sneeze, prohibit, cream, stretch, lung, label 1. The environmental group is demanding a complete ________ against the hunting of whales. 2. I heard that someone ________ loudly at the back of the hall. 3. This material ________ to any shape you want. 4. I opened the window and filled my ________ with cool fresh air. 5. The produce sent by my foreign friend was ________ “Made in China”. 6. Put some sun ________ on to protect your face. 【答案】1. prohibition          2. sneezed        3. stretches                4. lungs          5. label(l)ed             6. cream 知识应用 四、（江西省上饶市蓝天教育集团2023-2024学年高二下学期期中）阅读理解 Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢). “Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. “I thought it would be a great way to inspire others to push their limits because I truly believe that we’re stronger than what we think. And I’ve been so pleasantly surprised that my body is held up, everything is held up and I’ve made it to 104.” She actually did not pick up the sport until after she lost the lower part of her left leg in 2001 to a type of cancer called Ewing sarcoma. Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued. All together, Hunt-Broersma ran over 4, 385 kilometers. During that time she has had a lot of time to think and has learned a few things about herself. “It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.” 24. Why did Hunt-Broersma decide to run marathons? A. She wanted to set a new record. B. She intended to challenge herself. C. She was driven by her interest. D. She was inspired by people like her. 25. What difficulty did Hunt-Broersma meet with? A. She didn’t get professional training. B. She found it hard to keep her balance. C. She suffered discomfort in her left leg. D. She couldn’t use regular running blades. 26. What message does the author express through the story? A. Rome wasn’t built in a day. B. Time works wonders. C. A good beginning is half the battle. D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 27. What may be the author’s attitude towards Hunt-Broersma? A. Annoyed. B. Concerned C. Admiring. D. Humorous. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jacky Hunt-Broersma虽然由于癌症而左腿截肢，但是借助假肢连续104天跑104场马拉松的励志故事。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,’ she said.(她说：‘以前有一个身体健全的人做过这种事。我想看看我是否可以用假腿做这件事，看看会发生什么。’)”可知，Hunt-Broersma决定跑马拉松是为了挑战自己。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.(使用假肢的跑步者不能使用普通的假肢。他们需要一个刀锋式跑步义肢。Hunt-Broersma有两个刀锋式跑步义肢，但她只能用其中一个，因为她左腿肿胀，无法连接到另一把刀。但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”可知，Hunt-Broersma在跑马拉松时，要忍受左腿肿胀带来的不适和痛苦。故选C项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第三段中“But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.(但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”和最后一段中“‘It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,’ she said. ‘And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.’(‘它教会了我一个人可以有多坚强，以及绝对的决心有多重要。如果你内心强大，你可以做任何事情，’她说。‘我们的身体真是太棒了……整个旅程令人印象深刻，也非常艰难，但它告诉我，作为一个人，我可以有多强大，我可以把自己逼到多远。’)”可知，作者通过Hunt-Broersma的故事告诉读者只要有坚定意志与决心，只要我们迎难而上，坚持不懈，就能取得成功，因此作者通过这个故事表达了“有志者事竟成”的哲理。故选D项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢).(上个月跑马拉松的大多数人在赛前休息了几天时间，在赛后恢复了几天时间。但Jacky Hunt-Broersma不是。她总共在104天内跑了104场马拉松。如果吉尼斯世界纪录证实，这将是一项新的世界纪录。她用一条腿和一个假肢完成了这一切。)”和第二段中“‘Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,’ she said.(她说：‘以前有一个身体健全的人做过这种事。我想看看我是否可以用假腿做这件事，看看会发生什么。’)”和第三段中“But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.(但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”以及最后一段中“‘It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,’ she said. ‘And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.’(‘它教会了我一个人可以有多坚强，以及绝对的决心有多重要。如果你内心强大，你可以做任何事情，’她说。‘我们的身体真是太棒了……整个旅程令人印象深刻，也非常艰难，但它告诉我，作为一个人，我可以有多强大，我可以把自己逼到多远。’)”可知，Hunt-Broersma勇于挑战自己，努力克服身体不适和痛苦以及她的感悟，由此推知，作者对Hunt-Broersma的态度是钦佩赞赏的。故选C项。 五、（河北省保定市高碑店市崇德实验中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末）七选五 The Importance of Learning a Second Language In today’s globalized world, learning a second language has become an essential skill. It offers numerous benefits that can enhance both personal and professional aspects of life. ___36___ Through the process of learning a new language, one can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and traditions. This can lead to greater empathy and appreciation for diversity. Additionally, bilingual (双语的) individuals often have better cognitive abilities. ___37___ Studies have shown that they are better at multitasking, problem-solving, and decision-making compared to monolinguals (单语的). This is because the brain is constantly engaged in managing two languages, which strengthens its overall function. ___38___ In many professional fields, being proficient in more than one language can open up job opportunities that would otherwise be unavailable. Many companies prefer to hire candidates who can communicate with international clients or partners. Moreover, learning a second language can significantly enhance travel experiences. ___39___ Communicating in the local language can lead to more meaningful interactions and a deeper connection with the place and its people. Finally, the process of learning a new language itself can be incredibly (不可置信地) rewarding. ___40___ This sense of achievement can boost confidence and motivate individuals to tackle other challenges in life. Overall, the advantages of learning a second language are clear. It not only broadens one’s horizons but also equips them with skills that are valuable in an increasingly interconnected world. A. It allows travelers to guide new environments with ease and enjoy genuine cultural experiences. B. The effort and devotion required to master a new language can get a strong sense of accomplishment. C. Bilingualism can delay the onset of dementia (痴呆症) and other age-related cognitive declines. D. One of the most significant advantages is the ability to connect with people from different backgrounds. E. Fluency in multiple languages is often associated with higher salaries and better career prospects. F. They tend to have improved memory attention span, and analytical skills. G. Another major benefit is the improvement in job prospects and career advancement. 【答案】36. D 37. F 38. G 39. A 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习第二语言的好处和重要性。 【36题详解】 根据后文“Through the process of learning a new language, one can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and traditions. This can lead to greater empathy and appreciation for diversity. (通过学习一门新语言的过程，一个人可以对不同的文化和传统有更深的了解。这可以导致对多样性更大的同情和欣赏)”可知，本段主要介绍学习第二语言对文化交流的好处，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与交流上的好处相关，因此D项“One of the most significant advantages is the ability to connect with people from different backgrounds. (最重要的优势之一是能够与来自不同背景的人建立联系)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选D。 【37题详解】 前文“Additionally, bilingual (双语的) individuals often have better cognitive abilities (此外，会说两种语言的人通常有更好的认知能力)”提到双语者认知能力更好，空处应该会展开说明他们认知能力方面的表现，因此F项“They tend to have improved memory, attention span, and analytical skills. (他们往往有更好的记忆力、注意力持续时间和分析能力)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的bilingual individuals。故选F。 【38题详解】 根据后文“In many professional fields, being proficient in more than one language can open up job opportunities that would otherwise be unavailable. Many companies prefer to hire candidates who can communicate with international clients or partners. (在许多专业领域，精通一门以上的语言可以为你带来原本无法获得的工作机会。许多公司更愿意雇用能够与国际客户或合作伙伴沟通的候选人)”可知，本段主要介绍学习第二语言对职业发展的好处，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与职业上的好处相关，因此G项“Another major benefit is the improvement in job prospects and career advancement. (另一个主要好处是改善就业前景和职业发展)”符合语境，契合段落内容。故选G。 【39题详解】 前文“Moreover, learning a second language can significantly enhance travel experiences. (此外，学习第二语言可以显著提高旅行体验)”提到学习第二语言可以改善旅行体验，空处应该会展开说明更好的旅行体验，因此A项“It allows travelers to guide new environments with ease and enjoy genuine cultural experiences. (它允许旅行者轻松地引导新的环境，并享受真正的文化体验)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的It。故选A。 【40题详解】 前文“Finally, the process of learning a new language itself can be incredibly (不可置信地) rewarding. (最后，学习一门新语言的过程本身是非常有益的)”指出学习一门新语言本身有益，后文“This sense of achievement can boost confidence and motivate individuals to tackle other challenges in life. (这种成就感可以增强自信，激励个人应对生活中的其他挑战)”提到成就感的好处，空处应该和学习一门新语言带来成就感相关，因此B项“The effort and devotion required to master a new language can get a strong sense of accomplishment. (掌握一门新语言所需要的努力和投入可以获得强烈的成就感)”符合语境，承上启下，其中的accomplishment和后文的achievement呼应。故选B。 六、（广西钦州市示范性高中2024年春季学期第三阶段考试）语法填空 All kids desire more screen time. Code. org wants to make that time ____56____ (meaning) and fun by sharing online coding (编程) classes for kids of all ages ____57____ skill levels —all for free. From pre-K to high school, kids can learn how to build video games and smartphone apps. It ____58____ (be) all thanks to the easy-to-follow course instruction. The time ____59____ (spend) learning how to problem-solve may one day lead to careers (事业) focused on high-tech innovation (创新), according to Beth Nickel ____60____ leads the program. Nickel says that there are many ____61____ (advantage) for parents who sign up, too. “You can talk the same language if you know that they are working on an activity or an app, and you can share a common language. They also have ____62____ whole lot of really fun hands-on interactive activities, where families and students can create ____63____ (they) own game or app using the resources that Code. org offers.” The creators of Code. org have a mission of ____64____ (get) computer science into the hands of students, teachers, and educators to help build a general _____65_____ (understand) . Nickel shares that programs like this will help to build the talent pool needed to fill Arizona’s high-tech jobs of the future. 【答案】56. meaningful 57. and 58. is 59. spent 60. who##that 61. advantages 62. a 63. their 64. getting 65. understanding 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Code.org希望通过为所有年龄和技能水平的孩子们免费分享在线编程课程，让这段时间变得有意义和有趣。该项目负责人贝丝•尼克尔表示，花在学习如何解决问题上的时间，可能有一天会让他们从事专注于高科技创新的职业。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Code.org希望通过为所有年龄和技能水平的孩子们免费分享在线编程课程，让这段时间变得有意义和有趣。作宾补，应用形容词meaningful。故填meaningful。 【57题详解】 考查连词。句意：Code.org希望通过为所有年龄和技能水平的孩子们免费分享在线编程课程，让这段时间变得有意义和有趣。此处前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 【58题详解】 考查主谓一致。句意：这一切都要归功于易于遵循的课程指导。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用单数。故填is。 【59题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目负责人贝丝•尼克尔表示，花在学习如何解决问题上的时间，可能有一天会让他们从事专注于高科技创新的职业。此处spend与time构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填spent。 【60题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该项目负责人贝丝•尼克尔表示，花在学习如何解决问题上的时间，可能有一天会让他们从事专注于高科技创新的职业。定语从句修饰先行词Beth Nickel，在从句作主语，指人，故填who/that。 【61题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：尼克尔说，报名参加的家长也有很多好处。many后跟复数名词。故填advantages。 【62题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他们也有很多非常有趣的动手互动活动，家庭和学生可以使用Code.org提供的资源创建自己的游戏或应用程序。短语a whole lot of表示“许多”。故填a。 【63题详解】 考查代词。句意：他们也有很多非常有趣的动手互动活动，家庭和学生可以使用Code.org提供的资源创建自己的游戏或应用程序。修饰名词game应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 【64题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Code.org的创建者有一个使命，就是让学生、教师和教育工作者掌握计算机科学，帮助他们建立对计算机科学的普遍理解。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填getting。 【65题详解】 考查名词。句意：Code.org的创建者有一个使命，就是让学生、教师和教育工作者掌握计算机科学，帮助他们建立对计算机科学的普遍理解。作宾语，结合不定冠词可知用单数名词understanding。故填understanding。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高一课时练习）用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. edge ①We were on a hill, right on the ________ of town.  ②Tony saw a crowd of people in the corner of the street and he ________ closer to get a better look. 2. ban ①Charlie was ________ from driving for two years. ②There will be a total ________ on smoking. 3. adopt ①They've got two ________ children and one of their own.  ②The new tax would force companies to ________ energy-saving measures. 二、（2024·高一课时练习）根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。 1. We'll be ________ ________ ________ (在行进中) next week, so you won't be able to reach us. 2. These animals with long necks ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (以吃高大树木上的叶子为生). 3. When ________ ________ (启程) on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes. 4. Children under 14 must ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (由一名成人陪同). 三、（2024·高一课时练习）选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。 sneeze, prohibit, cream, stretch, lung, label 1. The environmental group is demanding a complete ________ against the hunting of whales. 2. I heard that someone ________ loudly at the back of the hall. 3. This material ________ to any shape you want. 4. I opened the window and filled my ________ with cool fresh air. 5. The produce sent by my foreign friend was ________ “Made in China”. 6. Put some sun ________ on to protect your face. 知识应用 四、（江西省上饶市蓝天教育集团2023-2024学年高二下学期期中）阅读理解 Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢). “Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. “I thought it would be a great way to inspire others to push their limits because I truly believe that we’re stronger than what we think. And I’ve been so pleasantly surprised that my body is held up, everything is held up and I’ve made it to 104.” She actually did not pick up the sport until after she lost the lower part of her left leg in 2001 to a type of cancer called Ewing sarcoma. Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued. All together, Hunt-Broersma ran over 4, 385 kilometers. During that time she has had a lot of time to think and has learned a few things about herself. “It has taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing...This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.” 24. Why did Hunt-Broersma decide to run marathons? A. She wanted to set a new record. B. She intended to challenge herself. C. She was driven by her interest. D. She was inspired by people like her. 25. What difficulty did Hunt-Broersma meet with? A. She didn’t get professional training. B. She found it hard to keep her balance. C. She suffered discomfort in her left leg. D. She couldn’t use regular running blades. 26. What message does the author express through the story? A. Rome wasn’t built in a day. B. Time works wonders. C. A good beginning is half the battle. D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 27. What may be the author’s attitude towards Hunt-Broersma? A. Annoyed. B. Concerned C. Admiring. D. Humorous. 五、（河北省保定市高碑店市崇德实验中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末）七选五 The Importance of Learning a Second Language In today’s globalized world, learning a second language has become an essential skill. It offers numerous benefits that can enhance both personal and professional aspects of life. ___36___ Through the process of learning a new language, one can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and traditions. This can lead to greater empathy and appreciation for diversity. Additionally, bilingual (双语的) individuals often have better cognitive abilities. ___37___ Studies have shown that they are better at multitasking, problem-solving, and decision-making compared to monolinguals (单语的). This is because the brain is constantly engaged in managing two languages, which strengthens its overall function. ___38___ In many professional fields, being proficient in more than one language can open up job opportunities that would otherwise be unavailable. Many companies prefer to hire candidates who can communicate with international clients or partners. Moreover, learning a second language can significantly enhance travel experiences. ___39___ Communicating in the local language can lead to more meaningful interactions and a deeper connection with the place and its people. Finally, the process of learning a new language itself can be incredibly (不可置信地) rewarding. ___40___ This sense of achievement can boost confidence and motivate individuals to tackle other challenges in life. Overall, the advantages of learning a second language are clear. It not only broadens one’s horizons but also equips them with skills that are valuable in an increasingly interconnected world. A. It allows travelers to guide new environments with ease and enjoy genuine cultural experiences. B. The effort and devotion required to master a new language can get a strong sense of accomplishment. C. Bilingualism can delay the onset of dementia (痴呆症) and other age-related cognitive declines. D. One of the most significant advantages is the ability to connect with people from different backgrounds. E. Fluency in multiple languages is often associated with higher salaries and better career prospects. F. They tend to have improved memory attention span, and analytical skills. G. Another major benefit is the improvement in job prospects and career advancement. 六、（广西钦州市示范性高中2024年春季学期第三阶段考试）语法填空 All kids desire more screen time. Code. org wants to make that time ____56____ (meaning) and fun by sharing online coding (编程) classes for kids of all ages ____57____ skill levels —all for free. From pre-K to high school, kids can learn how to build video games and smartphone apps. It ____58____ (be) all thanks to the easy-to-follow course instruction. The time ____59____ (spend) learning how to problem-solve may one day lead to careers (事业) focused on high-tech innovation (创新), according to Beth Nickel ____60____ leads the program. Nickel says that there are many ____61____ (advantage) for parents who sign up, too. “You can talk the same language if you know that they are working on an activity or an app, and you can share a common language. They also have ____62____ whole lot of really fun hands-on interactive activities, where families and students can create ____63____ (they) own game or app using the resources that Code. org offers.” The creators of Code. org have a mission of ____64____ (get) computer science into the hands of students, teachers, and educators to help build a general _____65_____ (understand) . Nickel shares that programs like this will help to build the talent pool needed to fill Arizona’s high-tech jobs of the future. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 3 Food and Culture 新人教选择性必修二 Discovering Useful Structures 目 录 Lead-in Practice and Apply Observe and Discover Attention Lead-in： 1. We had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 2. My only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时的被动态 The Past Perfect Passive Voice What tense/voice is used? Why? Lead-in： 1. When I got to school, I realized that I had left my homework at home. 2. I had heard a lot about her before I met her. 3. By the end of last term, we had learnt 10 English songs. 4. He said that he had never eaten such delicious dim sum. 5. The project had been completed by the end of 1999. Basic usage: Structure: Temporal abverbial: 表示过去某一时间或某一事件前已发生或完成的动作或状态。 had (not) done had (not) been done when/before/by+过去的时间点/过去的动作 Observe and Discover： B. By the time the policeman got to the shop, the thief had run away. A.Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back to China. Q:In sentence A, which action happened first, “return” or “came back”? Q:In sentence B, which action happened first, “got to” or “run”? present past future earlier past had returned came back had run got to Past perfect: had done The past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past. So it is used in a background of past. 基本结构：“had + 过去分词” 被动语态：“had been + 过去分词” 基本含义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻已经完 成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 Past Future had done Present “过去的过去” The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时的基本结构和语态   主动语态 被动语态 肯定形式 had done had been done 否定形式 had not done had not been done 一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them. 连接词 时态: 一般过去时 语态: 主动 结构: did 动作: 后发生 时态: 过去完成时 语态: 主动 结构: had done 动作: 先发生 连接词 时态: 一般过去时 语态: 主动 结构: did 动作: 后发生 时态: 过去完成时 语态: 被动 结构: had been done 动作: 先发生 1　句型转换 ①They had cleaned the classroom before the teacher came. →__________________________________________________ (改为被动语态) ②She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. →_____________________________________________________________ (改为否定句) →_________________________________________________________ (改为一般疑问句) →____________________________________________________________ (对句中主语she提问) The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. She had not finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. Had she finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning? Who had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？ 1. When the police arrived, the thief had run away. 2. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Tom had lost lots of jobs. 3. He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening. 4. By the end of June, they __________ (treat) over 800 patients. （1）表示过去某时或某动作之前就已经完成或结束的动作。 had treated (1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作以前完成了的动作, 即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。 before(连词/介词) + 过去的时间点 “在...之前” by +过去的时间点 “到...为止” by the end of +过去的时间点 “到...为止” by the time +(一般过去时) “到...为止” 1. Kevin had been a newspaper reporter for two years before he became a businessman. 2. He said he ____________ (work) in that factory since 1949. 3. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally _______ (come). came （2）过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继续下去，常与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。 had worked (2) 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 I __________ at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. He said he ____________ (work) in that factory since 1949. had been had worked now A B 1. Scarcely had the votes been counted, when the telephone rang. 2. No sooner had I walked out than I remembered that I forgot my homework. 3. Hardly had we sat down to supper when the phone rang. What are the meanings and features of the following sentences? （3）常用固定句型：（刚……就……） Hardly / Scarcely ... when ；No sooner ... than否定词置于句首，需要部分倒装。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 hardly(scarcely/barely)..(had done)..when..(从句用did) no sooner..(had done)..than...(从句用did) 注： 主句用”had done”,从句用“did” 主句翻译为“一...”,从句翻译为“就...” 若hardly/scarcely/barely/no sooner(否定词) 位于句首，则主句部分, 用部分倒装，即: had+主语+done… (3) 一...就 总结 一听到这个滑稽的故事，我们就哈哈大笑。 We had hardly/scarely heard the funny story when we burst into laughter. We had no sooner heard the funny story than we burst into laughter. 当hardly, scarely, no sooner位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装 升级为部分倒装 Hardly/Scarely had sb done sth when sb did No sooner had sb done sth than +sb did   1. We had intended to have a barbecue in the open air, but the weather was bad. 2. I had wished __________ (become) a doctor, but I studied law at college. 3. They ____________ (plan) to see us off at the airport. （4）常用hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打算。 had planned to become （4） 某些动词可用过去完成时,表过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 hope wish expect think intend mean suppose We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't. 我们本希望你来，但你没有来。 I had thought that you would become a doctor. 我本以为你会成为医生。 1. It was the first time she _________ (leave) her motherland. 2. It is the first time (that) I _____________ (speak) in public. 3. This _____ (be) the first time I had seen Dad so furious (狂怒的). 4. It is time for us ________ (pack) up and leave. had left have spoken was （5）It / This / That was the first / second ... time (+ that) … 这是 / 那是某人第一 / 第二次 / 第……次做…… 此句型中，若主语中的be动词为was, 从句中的谓语则用过去完成时；若主句中的be动词为is, 从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。 to pack It is high / about time that we ______________ (do) something to stop pollution. did / should do It is high / about time that sb did / should do sth 是该做……的时候了 (should 不可省略) Practice and Apply： 1. I ___________ (eat) lots of cakes so far. 2. I _________ (eat) lots of cakes till then. 3. Tom ____________ (finish) writing his novel by the end of last year. 4. Tom ____________ (finish) writing his novel. 5. Tom ________________ (finish) writing his novel by the end of next year. 6. Tom _________ (finish) writing his novel last year. have eaten had eaten had finished has finished will have finished finished Apply the rules. 1. By nine o’clock last night，I had finished doing my English homework. 到昨天晚上9点的时候，我已经完成英语作业了。 2. The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came back. 老师回来之前，教室已经打扫干净了。 3. When the police arrived, the suspect had run away。 警察到达的时候，嫌疑人已经逃走了。 4. By the end of last term, I had memorized 3500English words. 到上个学期末为止，我已经背了3500个英语单词了。 5.When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找了一个好地方吃饭。 6.A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 一位朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆，最后我们找到了。 1. Carol: _____ you ever ______ any Scottish food before your trip to St. Andrews last year? Paul: No, not really. But I ________________ about haggis many times before we went there. Carol: Oh…Did you try it? Paul: Oh, yes! You know what? We arrived late for supper that day, and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen.We ________________ our meal before we learnt we _____ just ______ haggis! Carol: My goodness! Paul: Well, it was not bad. I have to say… cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell Had tasted had been told had finished had eaten 2. Carol: When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I found nobody there. _____ it ________________? Paul: Oh, I’m so sorry that I forgot to tell you! The get- together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally, the hostess, ___________ into a car accident. Carol: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. Hope Sally recovers soon! Had been cancelled had got arrive, cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell Attention： 1. Tom has eaten his supper. 2. Tom had eaten his supper in the canteen before he went back home. 1. The family have not finished breakfast. 2. The family were still at table, but they had finished breakfast. 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响； 过去完成时强调动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去。 Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修二 Thank You ! $$