UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(语法项目——情态动词)(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　(语法项目——情态动词) 目 录 语法专题突破 新知深化学习 课时检测 语法专题突破 语境中体悟 Mary couldn't/wasn't able to see clearly because of her injured eyes.① Her mother told her that she should go to see a doctor as soon as possible.② Her mother warned，“You may/might have poor eyesight if you don't take it seriously.”③ On arriving at the clinic, a doctor asked her，“Shall I examine you one hour later？”④ Mary replied that she would not be free then because she had to attend an important lecture.⑤ The doctor said，“Would you please come to examine tomorrow？”⑥ Mary replies that she must have time then.⑦ She told her teacher，“My eyes hurt and I need have an eye examination.”⑧ As expected, the teacher said，“Yes, of course you can.”⑨ [语法入门] 句①含有情态动词could/be able to，表示“能力”； 句②含有情态动词should，表示“责任与义务”； 句③含有情态动词may/might，表示“可能”； 句④含有情态动词shall，表示“征求意见”； 句⑤含有情态动词have to，表示“不得不”； 句⑥含有情态动词would，表示“请求”； 句⑦含有情态动词must，表示“肯定的推测”； 句⑧含有情态动词need，表示“需要”； 句⑨含有情态动词can，表示“许可”。 学案中理清 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。 (一)can/could的用法 1．表示能力：can 表示一般性的能力或即将能做某事，could 表示过去的能力； 2．表示推测：can/could 一般用于否定句或疑问句中； 3．could 表示有礼貌地请求或建议，但回答时一般用 can； 4．can 可用于肯定句中，表示一种客观的可能性。 |名师点津|　can 常表示自身具有的能力(ability)，意思相当于be able to，但在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示过去成功地做了某事，could 仅表示客观上有某种能力。 [对点练]　(选词填空：can/could/be able to) ①(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. ②— he be in the reading room now? —No, he be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now. can Can can't ③— I borrow your bicycle? —Yes, you ./No, you . ④With hard work, he get good grades. ⑤Accidents happen on such rainy days. Could can can't was able to can (二)may/might的用法 1．may表示征求对方的意见、允许、许可，might 比 may 的语气更加委婉； 2．may表示可能性，不用于问句中，表示的可能性比 can 小；might 既可指过去的可能性，也可指现在的可能性，表示的可能性比 may 更小。 [对点练]　(选词填空：may/might) ①— I come in? —Of course, you . ②This pen be Tom's. ③It rain.You'd better take a raincoat with you. ④I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night bring. May may may may might (三)shall/should的用法 1．shall用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求意见； 2．shall用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺等； 3．shall用于正式文件、法律、规章制度中，表示规定； 4．should表示义务或责任，意为“应该，应当”； 5．should可表示推测，意为“按道理说应该”； 6．should还可表示惊讶、愤怒等情感，意为“竟然”。 [对点练] (1)选择下列句中 shall 表示的含义 A．允诺　 B．警告　　C．规定　D．征求意见 ①Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight？ ②One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. D C (2)选择下列句中 should 的含义 A．应该　 B．应该会，想必会　　C．竟然 ③Students should read the list with their parents, and select two activities they would like to do. ④It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission. A C (3)选词填空：shall/should ⑤ he come in or wait outside? ⑥You hand in the report tomorrow. ⑦You be careful when crossing the street. ⑧He be there by now. ⑨I don't know why you think that I did it. Shall shall should should should (四)must/have to的用法 1．must 表示非常有把握的推测，仅用于肯定句中； 2．must 表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”，侧重主观意愿。 have to 也有“必须”的含义，但侧重客观需求，有时态、人称和数的变化，否定式是don't/doesn't have to, 意为“不必”，相当于needn't； 3．在回答must 的问句时，否定回答通常用needn't 或don't have to (mustn't 表示禁止)； 4．must表示说话人一种不希望的、不满的态度，意为“偏要，偏偏”。 [对点练] (1)选择下列句中加蓝部分的含义 A．偏要，非要　　　　　 B．必须 C．肯定 D．禁止，不允许 ①All the students must obey the school rules. ②My watch doesn't work.There must be something wrong with it. ③You mustn't stop your car in the busy street. ④Why must he go out in the bad weather? B C D A (2)选词填空：must/have to ⑤You be tired now. ⑥If you know the secret, I can tell you. ⑦— I clean the room at once? —Yes, you ./No, you . must must Must must needn't/don't have to (五)will/would的用法 1．表示请求，will/would 主要用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，would比will更委婉客气。 2．表示习惯性动作，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”；would表示过去的习惯性动作。 3．表示意愿，will表示现在的意愿，would用于过去的情况，也可表示现在的意愿，但语气比will更委婉。 |名师点津|　used to do 也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，且往往指后来不再进行的动作。否定形式是 didn't use to或 used not to。 [对点练]　(选词填空：will/would/used to) ① you like a cup of coffee? ②When he was abroad, on Sundays he go to the park to play chess. ③She doesn't get up early as she . ④You can stay here as long as you can, if you do it. Will/Would would used to will (六)dare与need的用法 1．need 意为“需要”，dare 意为“敢”，二者既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 2．作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，多用于否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时不用助动词。 3．用作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do/does/did。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①He (不必) to do it now. ②You (不必) come so early. ③She (不敢) go out alone at night. ④He (不敢) to do it in this way. doesn't need needn't daren't didn't dare (七)情态动词的进行式、完成式和被动式 1．情态动词可以与实义动词的进行式合用，表示某动作正在进行。 2．情态动词可以与实义动词的完成式合用，表示过去发生的动作。情态动词的完成式常分为以下两种情况： (1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done “(过去)一定做了”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may (might) have done “(过去)可能做了”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句 can (could) have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 (2)表示与过去事实相反 could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to /should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①From what you said, she you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 ②You me earlier or I might have gone with them. 你应该早点告诉我，不然的话我可能就会和他们一块儿去了。 must have told should have told ③They the satellite successfully. 他们本来可以成功发射这颗卫星的。 ④You more careful. 你本应该更小心一些的。 ⑤You them about it. 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。 could have sent up ought to/should have been needn't have told 应用中融通 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成短文 Friendship is of great importance.Everyone ①________________ (需要维持友谊). In all our lives we ② (不能生活) without friendship.But real friendship is not easy to come by.Jealousy ③ (会破坏友谊). Time goes by, and good friends ④ (可能会失去). True friendship needs to maintain friendship can't live will spoil friendship may/might be lost ⑤ (必须是真诚的) and be based on the understanding of each other.A good friend ⑥ (往往会是一位好老师) to us.A good friend ⑦____________________________ (应该是亲切而有耐心的). Therefore, the more true friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves. must be sincere can always be a good teacher should/ought to be kind and patient Ⅱ.选择合适的情态动词完成下面的对话 must， had better， should， have to， can't， would， needn't The bell for class just rang for the second time, but Tom didn't turn up.He ① have arrived at school earlier because there ②______ be a math test for the whole class that day.“I ③ find out what has happened to him，” thought his master teacher Mrs Green. should would must So she called Tom，“Hi, Tom! Why don't you come to school today？” “My mother is ill, and I need to look after her at home.” “Your father should be at home, so you ④ stay at home to take care of her.” needn't “But my father hasn't got back from work yet.I ⑤ go to school until my father gets back.” “OK.But you ⑥ come here as quickly as possible, or you will ⑦ take another test if you fail this one.” can't had better have to 新知深化学习 1．Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials ... 老师尤其能对有趣的阅读材料提供建议…… ★particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 |用|法|感|知| •Our government attaches great importance to all aspects of development, education in particular. 我们的政府非常重视各方面的发展，尤其是教育。 •She's very particular about her clothes. 她对衣着特别挑剔。 归纳点拨 (1)in particular　　尤其，特别 be particular about/over　对……讲究/挑剔 (2)particularly 尤其；特别(＝in particular) 语境串记 　　Betty is very particular about/over food.However, she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular.Actually, her grandma is particularly good at cooking. 贝蒂很挑食。然而，她特别喜欢吃她奶奶做的饭。实际上，她的奶奶特别擅长烹饪。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She has already tried her best.Please don't be too particular her job. ②When you attend your friend's dinner party in China, you'd better behave properly, (particular) paying attention to minding your table manners. |应|用|融|会| about particularly (2)一句多译 这种食物营养丰富，特别是含有大量维生素。 ③This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and it contains a lot of vitamins. ④This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and it contains a lot of vitamins. in particular particularly 2．The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. 这本书的主人公是斯克鲁奇，一个富有却吝啬的老人。 ★mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 v．打算；意味着 |用|法|感|知| •Don't be so mean to her.After all, she is only a newcomer. 不要对她这么苛刻，毕竟，她只是个新手。 •Cooperation means working together for the benefit of all. 合作意味着为了所有人的利益而共同努力。 (1)be mean with sth.　　　 在……方面吝啬 be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 (2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着……　　　 [归纳点拨] ①Missing the bus means (wait) for another hour. ②I don't think people should make promises they don't mean________ (keep)． ③Don't be mean fabric, otherwise curtains will end up looking skimpy. |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) waiting to keep with 3．On Christmas Eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits. 在圣诞节前夕，三个精灵把他带到了人生的不同阶段。 ★transport vt.运输，运送n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 |用|法|感|知| ·Moreover, compared with other means of transport, it's much safer to go to school on foot. 此外，与其他交通方式相比，步行上学更安全。 ·If this bridge can't be repaired, it will mean no food will be transported to the flooded areas. 如果这座桥不能修复，就意味着没有食物可以运送到受灾地区。 (1)public transport　　　 公共交通 (2)be transported to 被运送到 (3)transportation 交通运输系统　　　　 [归纳点拨] ①The city is providing free (transport) to the stadium from downtown. ②The extra money could be spent on improving . 多余的资金可以用于改善公共交通。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) transportation public transport ③The heavy construction equipment that place where workers would reach a week later. 重型建筑设备首先被运送到工人一周后到达的地方。 was first transported to 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A poem is defined as a composition written in verse.Poems rely heavily on imagery, precise word choice, and metaphor (隐喻), and may take either the form of measures consisting of patterns of stresses or of patterns of different-length syllables.But they don't necessarily make use of rhyme.Poetry appears earlier than other forms of literature；however, one cannot readily tell the characteristics of early poetry.Typically, as a form of literature, poetry makes great use of the forms of the words it uses.That is to say, it focuses on the features of the written or spoken word, rather than on their meaning. The play, or drama, is another classical literary form that has continued to develop over the years.It generally consists chiefly of a dialogue between characters and is usually for theatrical performances rather than for reading.During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, opera developed as a combination of poetry, drama, and music. An essay consists of a discussion of a topic from an author's personal point of view.The word “essay” in English is from the French word meaning “attempt”．In this sense, it could be said to mean the author's attempt to make others accept their view. Prose consists of writing that does not stick to any particular formal structures.Prose writing can take beautiful forms, but not because of the forms of words it uses. A novel consists simply of a long story written in prose, yet this form has only developed comparatively recently.Early novels in Europe did not, at the time, count as significant literature, perhaps because “mere” prose writing seemed easy and unimportant.It has become clear, however, that prose writing can provide pleasure for those readers even though it doesn't stick to poetic forms. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌、话剧、散文、小说等文学形式。 1．What does the passage mainly deal with? A．The writing of poems. B．Different forms of literature. C．Combination of poetry, drama, and music. D．Differences between novels and poems. 解析：主旨大意题。根据每段的第一句可知，文章主要介绍了诗歌、话剧、散文、小说等不同的文学形式。 √ 2．Which of the following is most likely to be the earliest form of literature? A．Poetry.　　　　　　 B．The opera. C．Prose. D．The novel. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Poetry appears earlier than other forms of literature”可知，诗歌出现得最早。 √ 3．Unlike other forms of literature, a play seeks to . A．provide imagery and precise word choice B．provide theatrical performances rather than reading purpose C．express the author's personal point of view D．distinguish itself from factual writing √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It generally consists chiefly of a dialogue between characters and is usually for theatrical performances rather than for reading.”可知，戏剧是为戏剧表演而不是阅读目的提供的。 4．Different from other forms of literature, prose . A．develops as a combination of poetry, drama, and music B．takes beautiful forms but not because of the forms of the words it uses C．was not regarded as significant literature in early Europe D．consists of patterns of stresses or of patterns of different-length syllables √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Prose writing can take beautiful forms, but not because of the forms of words it uses.”可知，散文不同于其他文学形式，它的优美并不在于它所使用的文字形式。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day.I had to sit outside and wait.Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written, and I hoped to get it 5 .“What if the publisher didn't 6 it？” I thought to myself.I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth. Eventually, I was led to the publisher's office by his secretary.I still felt 7 ， but the kind smile he shared with me soon made me 8 .I didn't even own a 9 at the time, so he had to read my handwritten 10 .Then he said, “I couldn't like it enough and I would include it in the next week's 11 .” I jumped with joy and said, “Thanks, sir.” But I expected even more. I asked him if I could keep 12 for him each week.He thought for a moment and then 13 .He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I wrote.I was so 14 that I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside.Little did I know that moment would 15 my life. That was almost 40 years ago.Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life.I 16 to write something new for my publisher — my friend each week.As I write, I 17 .I've become a determined and patient person.Each time I learn something new, I 18 write it to get my friend to publish it.Without my friend, I would never be the 19 I am today. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从第一次投稿到最终成为作家的经历。 5．A.come out　　　　　　 B．put away C．set aside D．cut down 解析：根据前文“I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day.”和“a one-page short novel I had written”可知，作者去报社投稿，希望自己的作品出版。 √ 6．A.explain B．want C．suspect D．lose 解析：根据后文“I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.”可知，作者焦虑地想知道出版商是否想要他的作品。 √ 7．A.thrilled B．annoyed C．disappointed D．tense 解析：根据前文“I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.”以及“still”可知，作者仍然感到紧张。 √ 8．A.panicked B．eased C．confused D．surprised 解析：根据前文“but the kind smile he shared with me”可知，出版商的笑容使作者放松下来。 √ 9．A.follower B．clue C．typewriter D．schoolroom 解析：根据后文“so he had to read my handwritten ”可知，作者没有打字机，必须手写。 √ 10．A.invitation B．chart C．application D．story 解析：根据前文“Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written”可知，作者投稿的作品是故事。 √ 11．A.bill B．ban C．edition D．exhibition 解析：根据前文“I couldn't like it enough”及后文“I jumped with joy”可知，作者的作品被选用了，要登在下周的版面上。 √ √ 12．A.writing B．detecting C．copying D．understanding 解析：根据语境和前文“I couldn't like it enough and I would include it in the next week's .”和“But I expected even more.”可知，作者的作品被选用了，作者希望能为报社继续写作。 13．A.admitted B．agreed C．shook D．left 解析：根据后文“He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I wrote.”可知，出版商同意了。 √ 14．A.capable B．reliable C．grateful D．cheerful 解析：根据语境和后文“I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside”可知，作者非常高兴。 √ 15．A.change B．remind C．share D．end 解析：根据后文“Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life.”可知，作者投稿成功这件事改变了他的一生。 √ 16．A.learn B．continue C．hesitate D．regret 解析：根据前文“I asked him if I could keep for him each week.”可知，作者继续为报社写作。 √ 17．A.approve B．stretch C．bend D．grow 解析：根据后文“I've become a determined and patient person.”可知，作者通过写作得到了成长。 √ 18．A.rarely B．casually C．routinely D．previously 解析：根据前文“I to write something new for my publisher — my friend each week.”以及“Each time I learn something new”可知，作者已经养成写作的习惯。 √ 19．A.author B．officer C．secretary D．publisher 解析：根据前文“Each time I learn something new, I write it to get my friend to publish it.”可知，作者是个作家。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 The Little Prince is 1 children's fantasy book which 2 (write) and illustrated by the French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery during World War Ⅱ， but it is also enjoyed by adults. It mainly tells a story about a lonely prince 3 (come) from another planet. The little prince meets a pilot 4 has crashed in the desert and the two become friends. The book talks about the importance of looking beneath the surface of things 5 (uncover) their real meanings. I like it because it has made me think a lot about life and death, love and responsibility, friendship and 6 (lonely). One of the most 7 (memory) characters in the book is a rose, which the little prince fell in love with. I am really touched by the line — “It's the time you spend on your rose that 8 (make) your rose so important.” — because it shows how we form special bonds with others by caring and taking responsibility for them. 9 (personal), I think it is a touching book suitable for people 10 all ages. 语篇解读：本文是一篇读后感。文章介绍了儿童文学作品《小王子》及作者对这部作品的感想。 1．a　考查冠词。 此处表泛指，意为“一本儿童奇幻书”，且children's以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 2．was written　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“during World War Ⅱ”可知，应用一般过去时；主语which指代先行词book，与write之间为被动关系，故填was written。 3．coming　考查非谓语动词。a lonely prince与come之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。 4．who/that　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词a pilot指人，故填who/that。 5．to uncover　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作目的状语，故用动词不定式。 6．loneliness　考查名词。根据and前的“friendship”可知，此处应用名词形式。 7．memorable　考查形容词。修饰名词characters，应用形容词形式。 8．makes　考查动词时态及主谓一致。本句为强调句型，去掉“It's ... that”后可以看出，句子的主语为time，you spend on your rose为定语从句，修饰先行词time。空处在句中作谓语动词，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，故填makes。 9．Personally　考查副词。空处在句中作评注性状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式；位于句子开头，首字母应大写。 10．of　考查介词。of all ages意为“各个年龄段的”，为固定搭配。 $$