UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态)(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　(语法项目——现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态) 目 录 语法专题突破 新知深化学习 课时检测 语法专题突破 语境中体悟 The Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival was created in 2018.It is the first time that a national festival has been set up specially for farmers.① The festival is being celebrated annually to show the whole society's attention to Chinese farmers, who work hard to strengthen the country's development.② The festival also shows respect for traditional 24 solar terms which have been followed by Chinese people since about 2,200 years ago.③ The festival is very important to China and more attention has been paid to agriculture and farmers throughout history.④ [语法入门] 句①：句型“It is the first time that ...”中谓语动词应用现在完成时，又因主语festival与谓语set up之间为被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。 句②：根据时间状语“annually”可知，应使用现在进行时的被动语态，既强调动作在现阶段正在发生，又表示被动关系。 句③：根据时间状语“since about 2,200 years ago”可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，既表示被动关系，又表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。 句④：根据时间状语“throughout history”可知，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，既表示被动关系，又表示时间上的延续性。 学案中理清 一、现在进行时的被动语态　 现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。 (一)结构 1．肯定式：主语＋be (am/is/are)＋being done ... Some trees are being cut down in the park. 公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。 2．否定式：主语＋be (am/is/are)＋not being done ... It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now. 据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。 3．一般疑问式：Be (Am/Is/Are) (not)＋主语＋being done ...? Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？ 4．特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋be (am/is/are) (not)＋主语＋being done ...? Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest? 谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受训练？ (二)用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作或状态。句中常用now、 right now、 at this moment、 at present等时间状语。 My younger sister is now being interviewed. 我妹妹现在正在接受采访。 He is now being treated in China. 现在，他正在中国接受治疗。 2．表示现阶段发生的被动动作(说话时该动作不一定在进行)。 Preparations are being made for the coming Olympic Games. (人们)正在为即将到来的奥运会做准备。 3．表示一种习惯性的被动行为，常与always、 constantly、 often等词连用，往往带有说话人的赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken. 我感到非常吃惊的是，我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 Tom is always being praised by the teacher. 汤姆总是被老师表扬。 |名师点津| (1)stay、 love、 have、 want、 belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 (2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 The telephone is in use. ＝The telephone is being used. 电话正在使用中。 [对点练] (1)句型转换 ①At the moment people are carrying out further research into the virus. →At the moment further research into the virus . is being carried out ②Don't worry! We are taking measures at present to stop such a thing from happening again. →Don't worry! Measures at present to stop such a thing from happening again. are being taken ③Frank has to go to work by taxi currently because someone is repairing his car at the garage. →Frank has to go to work by taxi currently because his car _______________at the garage. is being repaired ④Listen! Tom's mother is punishing Tom for his breaking Mrs Green's window. →Listen! Tom by his mother for his breaking Mrs Green's window. is being punished (2)完成句子 ⑤Now these old houses (属于我叔叔)． ⑥My washing machine (正在被修理) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. ⑦She (正在被提问) by several reporters now. belong to my uncle is being repaired is being questioned ⑧The evening party the children are looking forward to ________ (正在被举行) now. ⑨A new park (正在被建设) here.They hope to finish it next year. ⑩You aren't allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan (正在被制订) there. is being held is being built is being made ⑪The law (正在讨论当中)． ⑫A new song (正在被教) by the teacher now. is under discussion/being discussed is being taught 二、现在完成时的被动语态　 (一)结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？ 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？ (二)用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already、 yet、 just、 never、 recently等副词连用。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已被完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 |联想发散|　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already　　　　　　　　　已经 yet 已经 recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经 so far 迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 by now 到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里 [对点练] (1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子 ①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work. →Jack by his boss for his devotion to work. ②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village. →A good place to build a temple in the village. has always been praised has been found ③We haven't decided how to solve that difficult technological problem yet. →How to solve that difficult technological problem_______________ yet. hasn't been decided (2)完成句子 ④I will go home when my homework . 当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。 ⑤Paper money . 纸币已被使用1 000多年了。 has been finished has been used for over 1,000 years 应用中融通 Ⅰ.将下列句子变成被动语态 1．Have you planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years? →___________________________________________________ 2．They are carrying out many interesting experiments these days. →_______________________________________________________ Have many trees been planted on the hill in the last 5 years? Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 3．How long have you repaired the machine? →____________________________________ 4．We are holding the sports meeting in our school now. →____________________________________________ How long has the machine been repaired? The sports meeting is being held in our school now. 5．He has translated those books into Chinese. →_______________________________________________ 6．She has bought some flowers for her mother. →_______________________________________________ Those books have been translated into Chinese by him. Some flowers have been bought by her for her mother. Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 1．Great changes (take place) in my hometown since 2008. 2．Every possible means (try) to save the wounded soldier up to now. have taken place has been tried 3．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild)． 4．These children (look) after by an old man now. 5．Wait a minute.The dishes for the dinner (cook) in the kitchen. is being rebuilt are being looked are being cooked 6．Customers are asked to make sure that they (give) the right change before leaving the shop. 7．It's the first time that the old computer (check) since I bought it. 8．How many cars (make) in the factory since 2020? have been given has been checked have been made Ⅲ.用括号内动词的适当形式完成短文 At present electronic payment ① (apply) widely in Sweden. So far only about 20% of all consumer payment in Sweden ② (make) in cash, compared with an average of 75% in the rest of the world.And even cash ③__________________ (not offer) in many of the country's banks in the past few years.However, not everyone is joyful.More Internet crimes is being applied has been made has not been offered ④ (cause) because of Sweden's electronic payment up to now.Also, elderly people who use cash ⑤___________________ (ignore) in Sweden now.But certainly cash isn't dead. The Swedish central bank predicts the use of cash ⑥ (reduce) fast but still be working in 20 years. Anyway, for more and more consumers, using cash is no longer their habit. have been caused are being ignored is being reduced 新知深化学习 1．We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again！　 我们很高兴地宣布，社区体育中心将很快再次向公众开放！ ★announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知 |用|法|感|知| •It was announced that our team took the first place. 据宣布，我们队得了第一名。 •Please announce to students that the holidays will begin next Monday. 请向学生宣布下周一开始放假。 •An announcement was made that the amusement park would be closed. 一则通知宣布游乐园将被关闭。 (1)announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth. 向某人宣布某事 It is announced that ... 据宣布…… (2)announcer n. 宣告者；播音员 announcement n． 布告，通告，声明；宣布，宣告 make an announcement 宣布；发布通知　　　 [归纳点拨] (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①It (announce) that there will be a meeting in the auditorium at 8：00 tomorrow morning. ②She was planning to announce her marriage to Peter her friends. |应|用|融|会| is announced to ③ , all the students cheered up. 当比赛结果被公布时，所有的学生都欢呼起来。 ④I will to remind them that they should check their belongings. 我会通知他们，提醒他们检查一下自己的物品。 When the result of the race was announced make an announcement 2．...our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. ……我们的健身室已经更新了现代化设备。 ★update vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息 |用|法|感|知| •Our software, unless updated on a regular basis, may not serve us well in our work. 我们的软件，除非定期更新，否则可能不能很好地服务于我们的工作。 •Each day, we can get updated information of other countries or places via the Internet. 每天，我们都可以通过网络来获得一些其他国家或地方的最新消息。 (1)update sb.on sth. 向某人提供有关某事的最新消息 (2)updated adj.　　　　 更新的，现代化的　　　 [归纳点拨] ①He was back in the office, (update) the work schedule on the computer. ②I called the office to update them the day's developments. ③Do you know where to buy an (update) edition of the Chinese dictionary? |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) updating on updated 3．In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. 为了满足公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课程已经停开，取而代之的是一些有趣的课程，包括现代舞。 ★replace vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新；把……放回原处 |用|法|感|知| •Please replace the books on the shelves before you leave.　 在你离开之前，请把书放回到书架上。 •It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 不吃饭而用零食代替不是个好主意。 •After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video in place of an album. 经过一番激烈的讨论，我们同意制作视频来代替相册。 (1)replace sb./sth.　　　　 取代某人/某物 replace ...with ... 用……替换…… (2)in place of sb./sth.＝in sb.'s/sth.'s place ＝take the place of sb./sth. 取代/代替某人/某物　　　　 [归纳点拨] (1)单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①The newly (replace) engine doesn't work well. ②The old photo on the wall has been replaced a new drawing. |应|用|融|会| replaced with ③A new stadium has been set up to host large events to take the place of the previous one. →A new stadium has been set up to host large events ___________ the previous one. (2)替换加蓝词汇 ④Smartphones have replaced televisions as the most popular form of entertainment._________________ in place of taken the place of 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Running on the beach is completely different from running on the pavement (人行道), a track or trails with soft surfaces. For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平的) surface and constantly moves under your feet.As you push off, you're going to lose some of your push as the sand moves, so you're not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or pavement！But this unevenness has an upside: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise the muscles that don't get as much use as runs on firm surfaces. You also might feel painful afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) downward, toward the water.If you're going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body including your ankle, leg or knee might feel more painful because you're putting more pressure on it due to the slope. Some beach runners tend to run barefoot.However, if you're not used to barefoot running, start slowly and run short distances at first.That's because running barefoot uses different muscles than running with shoes does, and it's important to strengthen these muscles and adapt your feet. Despite these challenges, running on sand can be a smart choice for athletes because running on it can decrease the bad influence on your body during high-intensity workouts.This could potentially lead to less muscle damage and less pain.Women had less myoglobin (肌红蛋白), which can cause muscle pain, in their blood after running on the sand than they did after running on grass.This suggests running on softer ground surfaces, such as sand, may reduce muscle damage. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在沙滩上跑步和在人行道、跑道上跑步的不同，以及在沙滩上跑步的好处。 1．Why do the starters feel hard while running on sand? A．The surface is even. B．The beach is near water. C．The runners lack muscles. D．The surface of the sand is soft. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For starters, sand can be a challenge ...as you would on a track or pavement！”可知，沙子的表面不平坦，会在脚下不断移动，蹬地时人会因为沙子的移动而失去一些推力，即初学者觉得很吃力是因为沙子的表面很软。 2．Which of the following best explains “an upside” underlined in Paragraph 2? A．A positive aspect. B．A wide roadside. C．An extra workout. D．A bad influence. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise the muscles that don't get as much use as runs on firm surfaces”可知，此处讲的是沙子表面不平坦的好处。故可猜测an upside意为“好的一面”。 3．What should beach runners pay attention to when trying barefoot running? A．Starting quickly. B．Not running too long. C．Using the same muscles. D．Increasing their paces. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, if you're not used to barefoot running，start slowly and run short distances at first.”可知，沙滩跑步者尝试光脚在沙滩上跑步时，应注意不要跑太长的距离。 4．How does the author explain the benefit of beach running to female runners? A．By listing data. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By offering facts. √ 解析：写作手法题。根据最后一段第三句可知，作者通过比较女性在沙滩上跑步和在草地上跑步后的肌红蛋白含量来向女性跑步者解释沙滩跑步的好处。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I never thought I would be a “runner”. A few years ago, I was walking with a group of 5 in the Race for the Cure, a 5 km race designed to 6 money for the fight against breast cancer (癌), when one lady caught my 7 . She must have been close to seventy years old, 8 a T-shirt with the word “Survivor”. She was so small that it seemed as if she could even be turned over by a strong wind. But, she was running. And she was 9 me and my group of friends. She ran slowly, but 10 as if each step pushed her cancer further into her past. Right at that moment, I 11 that in the next Race for the Cure, I'd be running along with her. A week later, I found myself in the 12 ， running on the treadmill (跑步机). Three minutes later, I felt extremely tired and I had to slow down to a walk. I thought of the 13 at the race. Then I would go a little longer. A year later, I was 14 at the Race for the Cure, but this time, I 15 with the runners. When the race started, the other runners passed me by. I ran forward. I 16 if I'd be able to do it. But then, I remembered the 17 woman.Finally, I crossed that finish line. I had just 18 my first race! My legs had done something I'd never thought 19 . And I knew that I wanted to do it again. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过参加the Race for the Cure跑步活动，告诉我们：只要坚持，什么都会变成可能。 5．A.friends　　　　　　　 B．teachers C．students D．patients 解析：由下文的“but she was me and my group of friends”可知，选A。 √ 6．A.save B．use C．make D．raise 解析：由“the fight against breast cancer”可知，比赛的目的是为抗击乳腺癌筹集(raise)资金。 √ 7．A.breath B．hand C．arm D．eye 解析：句意：这时一位女士引起了我的注意。catch one's eye“引起某人的注意”。 √ 8．A.wearing B．holding C．pulling D．waving 解析：由“T-shirt”可知，她穿着一件写着Survivor的T恤衫。 √ 9．A.passing B．watching C．seeing D．calling 解析：由“she was running”可知，这位女士跑步的时候从作者身边经过。 √ 10．A.strangely B．determinedly C．excitedly D．anxiously 解析：由“as if each step pushed her cancer further into her past”可知，她很坚决(determinedly)，好像每跑一步都能把她的癌症踩到过去。 √ 11．A.agreed B．learned C．decided D．explained 解析：由“I'd be running along with her”可知，在那一刻作者决定(decided)，下次跑步活动自己要跟着她跑。 √ 12．A.shop B．street C．park D．gym 解析：由“treadmill”可知，作者在健身房(gym)的跑步机上跑步。 √ 13．A.prize B．survivor C．plan D．woman 解析：作者在放慢速度时想起了比赛中的那位女士。下文“But then, I remembered the woman.”亦是提示。 √ 14．A.even B．again C．ever D．still 解析：由上文可知，作者在一年前参加过一次，一年后又(again)参加了一次。 √ √ 15．A.watched B．traveled C．stood D．waited 解析：由“the other runners passed me by”可知，作者这次参加是以选手的名义参加的，所以作者和选手们站(stood)在了一起。 16．A.wandered B．witnessed C．wished D．wondered 解析：由“if I'd be able to do it”可知，作者想知道(wondered)自己是否能做到。 √ 17．A.kind B．brave C．generous D．honest 解析：由前文可知，那位女士已经年近七十岁了还坚持参加比赛，在作者的眼里她是勇敢的(brave)。 √ 18．A.finished B．won C．entered D．missed 解析：由“I crossed that finish line”可知，作者完成(finished)了她的第一次比赛。 √ 19．A.good B．right C．possible D．necessary 解析：作者完成了自己的第一次比赛。所以她做了从来没想过可能(possible)的事情。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 Table tennis first appeared in Victorian England.Table tennis didn't become a competitive sport 1 1988.Now table tennis not only is 2 matter of competition but also provides an opportunity for people to play together no matter what their ages are.There is a day for people 3 love table tennis to spread their love for the sport.It is called World Table Tennis Day. So far, with the help of the International Table Tennis Federation, table tennis 4 (improve) to a completely new level.ITTF tries to help table tennis get its 5 (recognise) around the world. 6 (achieve) this goal, in 2015, ITTF created World Table Tennis Day to get people 7 (attract) to table tennis.Since then it has been celebrating the day so that more people can learn about the sport. World Table Tennis Day is celebrated by 8 (organize)　activities in the streets, clubs, bars, schools, workplaces, etc.People can register 9 all these events on the Internet to join in the worldwide celebration.If you're looking for other ways to celebrate World Table Tennis Day, you can choose to watch the 10 (amaze) table tennis games on TV on the day and tell your friends what day it is. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界乒乓球日的来历、庆祝活动等。 1．until　考查连词。not ...until ...意为“直到……才……”，为固定用法。 2．a　考查冠词。a matter of意为“一个……的事情/问题”；此处表泛指，应用不定冠词。 3．who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 4．has been improved　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句首的时间状语“So far”可知，应用现在完成时；又因为句子的主语table tennis与improve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。 5．recognition　考查名词。设空处前面的its是形容词性物主代词，后面需用名词。 6．To achieve　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语created，设空处应用非谓语动词；由语境可知，此处表示目的，应用不定式。 7．attracted　考查非谓语动词。由语境可知，此处表示“使人们被吸引”，get ...done意为“使……被……”，为固定用法，因此应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 8．organizing　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“by”可知，空处应用organize的动名词形式作by的宾语。 9．for　考查介词。register for意为“登记，注册”，为固定搭配。 10．amazing　考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语table tennis games，应用形容词；由语境可知，设空处表示“令人惊叹的”，故选amazing。 本课结束 $$