专题08非谓语动词 - 【中职专用】2025年对口升学英语二轮复习专项突破（全国通用）

专题08 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成: to do不定式——表【将来或者目的】 v-ing分词 ——表【主动或进行】 v-ed分词 ——表【被动】 非谓语 形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加 not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 分词 现在分词 doing Having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 Doing Having done being done having been done sb's doing 具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语 二、做宾语的非谓语动词比较: 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage，agree, afford, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy,imagine, practice, suggest, finish, appreciate, admit, avoid, risk, consider，can't help, feel like,look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin,start，like, love, hate，prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) Need，want，require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式) 意义相反 stopto do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生) go on to do(接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事) try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力) try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） Mean to do(打算做企图做)， Mean doing 意思是，意味着 Can’t help to do(不能帮忙做) can’t help doing （忍不住要做） 三、非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别: 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 不定式 ask, beg, expect, get,order, tell, want, wish,encourage 主谓关系 强调动作将发生或已经完成 I heard him call me several times. have, notice,see, watch,hear, feel, let, make 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hearfind, keep, have, feel 主谓关系 强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词 动宾关系 动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed. 四、非谓语动词做定语的区别: 区别 举例 不定式 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生 I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water/ the boiled water the developing country/ the developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves 过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成 五、非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别: 区别 举例 不定式 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于 it 把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher. To obey the lawis important. (dream,business,wish,idea,plan.duty,task 做主语时常用) 动名词 与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it 做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job. 分词 无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质,可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等可被 very,quite,rather 等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人…"之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动， 主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。 The situation is encouragingThe book is well written. (常见分词有 astonishing,moving tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing 及其-ed形式) 非谓语动词高频考点短语和句型 一、不定式（to do）作宾语 1. agree to do 同意做某事 2. plan to do 计划做某事 3. hope to do 希望做某事 4. choose to do 选择做某事 5. happen to do 偶然.... 6. promise to do 承诺做某事 7. manage to do 设法做成某事 8. refuse to do 拒绝做某事 9. expect to do 期望做某事 10. offer to do主动做某事 11. find/think/feel it adj. to do sth 12. wish to do希望做某事 13. want to do 想要做某事 14. would like to do 想要做某事 15. prefer to do 更喜欢做某事 16. can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 二、不定式（to do）作宾补 1. ask sb. to do 要求某人做某事 2. tell sb. to do 告诉某人做某事 3. encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做某事 4. allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事 5. advise sb. to do建议某人做某事 6. expect sb. to do期望某人做某事 7. teach sb. to do叫某人做某事 8. remind sb. to do提醒某人做某事 9. invite sb. to do邀请某人做某事 10. want sb. to do想要某人做某事 11. force sb. to do强迫某人做某事 12. warn sb. to do警告某人做某事 13. cause sb. to do导致某人做某事 14. wish sb. to do希望某人做某事 15. get sb. to do 让某人做某事 三、不定式（to do）作后置定语 1. have the ability to do 有能力做某事 2. have a chance to do 有机会做某事 3. have enough/some/no time to do有足够的时间做某事/有些时间做某事/没有时间做某事 4. make an effort to do 努力做某事 5. make a decision to do 决定做某事 6. There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 四、后接动名词（doing）的固定搭配 1.finish doing sth  完成做某事  2.mind doing sth  介意做某事      3.spend time/ money (in) doing sth. 4.keep doing sth  一直做某事  5.keep sb from doing sth= stop sb (from) doing sth= prevent sb (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 6.suggest doing sth  建议做某事 7.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 8.allow doing sth. 允许做某事  9.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 10.have trouble/ difficulty/ problem in doing sth. 做某事费劲 11.be (well) worth doing  值得做                12.It’s no use/ good doing sth. 做某事没有用处或好处 13.stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情 14.look forward to doing sth  期待做某事  15.pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 16.can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事 17.devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事 18.give up doing sth  放弃做某事 19.consider doing sth 考虑做某事  20. practise doing sth 练习做某事  21.enjoy doing sth= like doing sth 喜欢做某事  五、易混淆词组 1.remember doing sth  记得做过某事 remember to do sth   记得去做某事 2.forget doing sth  忘记做过某事 forget to do sth  忘记去做某事  3.regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 regret to do sth. 后悔未做某事   4.stop doing sth   停止做某事  stop to do sth  停下来去做另外一件事 5.mean doing sth. 意味着 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 6.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 (正在做)  see sb do sth  看见某人经常做某事、做了某事 (全过程) 7.hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 (正在做) hear sb do sth 听见某人经常做某事、做了某事 (全过程) 其他感官动词：watch 观看，observe观察，notice 注意， find 发现等与上用法相同 8.can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 can’t help to do sth.  不能帮助做某事 9.be used to do sth  被用于做某事= be used for doing sth. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 10. have sb do sth  让某人做某事 have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事=keep sb. doing sth have sth done  让某事被某人做（have my car repaired）；某人遭遇损失(have my wallet stolen) 六、重点句型 1. It’s time (for sb) to do sth. 做某事的时间到了 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间 3. It’s + adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是……的 4. It’s + adj. of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是……的(adj.修饰人的内在品质或性格特点) 5. be adj. (not) enough to do 足够(不足够) 做某事 6. too … to do… 太…而不能做某事 练习巩固 1.The girl student enjoy ________ English songs.      A.singing            B. to sing                 C. sing           D. sung 2. Thank you for ________ us so well.      A. to teach            B. teaches                C. teaching        D. taught 3. I often do some ________ on Sundays.      A. washed             B. to wash                 C. wash         D. washing 4. The boy ________ Li Hua in Class One is his brother.      A. called              B. calling                  C. to call        D. call 5. It often takes me half an hour ________ home.      A. walking             B. to walk                 C. walked       D. walk 6. Don’t forget ________ her clean water every day.      A. to give              B. giving                  C. given        D. give 7. I think it important ________ English well.      A. learning             B. learn                   C. to learn      D. learned 8. The funny story makes us ________.      A. laugh               B. laughing                C. to laugh      D. laughed 9. She was often heard ________ in English.      A. sing                B. singing                  C. sung         D. to sing 10. Our teacher told us ________ hard.      A. to work             B. working                C. worked       D. work 11. Could you tell me ________ this word?      A. to how read          B. how to read             C. how read      D. how read to 12. Please give me a pen ________.      A. to write             B. writing                C. to write with    D. written 13. He went home ________ some books.      A. got                 B. getting                C. get            D. to get 14. Remember ________ late for class again.      A. not to               B. not to be              C. to be not        D. be not to 15. Stop ________, please. I’ve something to tell you.      A. to read              B. reading               C. read           D. to write 16. Would you please ________?      A. not to go there       B. to go there              C. not go there     D. going there 17. You don’t look well. Why ________ to see the doctor?      A. not to go           B. you not to go            C. not go          D. didn’t go 18. There’s something wrong ________ my radio. I’ll have it ________.      A. with, fixed         B. with, fixing             C. on, to be repaired    D. in, repaired 19. Let’s ________ to the cinema together.      A. to go             B. going                   C. go              D. went 20. Jim asked Li Ping ________ his best wishes to everybody.      A. give              B. gave                    C. giving          D. to give 21. Have you read the book? It’s worth ________.      A. read              B. to read                  C. reading          D. to reading 22. Please tell him ________ the light when he leaves.      A. to turn off          B. turn down               C. turn off          D. to reading 23. I’m sorry ________ your friend is ill.       A. hear            B. to hear                C. listen         D. to listen 24. You had better ________ home at once. Don’t keep your mother ________.      A. to, wait          B. going, waiting          C. to go, to wait         D. go, waiting 25. ________ in the sun is bad for your eyes.     A. Read            B. Reads               C. Reading       D. To reading 26. When the little baby saw her mother ________, she couldn’t help ________.     A. coming, laughing  B. come, to laugh        C. come, laughs   D. came, laughing 27. Will you please get me something ________?      A. to eat            B. eat                 C. eating         D. for eating 28. The story is ________. So we are ________ in it.     A. interest, interesting                     B. interesting, interesting     C. interested, interesting                     D. interesting, interested 29. I’d like ________ a word with you.     A. had             B. having              C. to have       D. have 30. Hurry up! It’s time ________.     A. for have class     B. having class          C. have class     D. to have class 31. Can you finish ________ an elephant in two minutes?     A. draw            B. to draw              C. drew         D. drawing 32. The doctor was busy ________ on the boy at that time.     A. operate          B. operating             C. to operated    D. operated 33. I have something important ________ you.     A. tell             B. telling                 C. to tell        D. tell to 34. The young man is old enough ________ the army.     A. join             B. joining                C. to join        D. joins 35. His wish was ________ a scientist.     A. to becomes       B. becomes              C. become       D. to become 36. On Sundays I prefer ________ at home to ________ out.     A. to stay, go        B. staying, go             C. staying, going  D. to stay, going 37. The teacher agreed ________ lessons to his students.     A. give         B. that he give         C. to give              D. that he will give 38. All the students learned ________ up words in a dictionary.     A. look how     B. how to look         C. how look            D. to how look 39. The baby started ________. Try ________ it quiet.     A. cry, keep         B. to cry, to keep           C. to cry, keep      D. cry, to keep 40. I never heard him ________ so.     A. say              B. to say                  C. saying          D. having said 41. The teacher made her students ________ text twice a day.    A. recite the         B. reciting                 C. to recite the     D. recited the 42. She was seen _______ paper planes in the room. A. made              B. to make            C. makes         D. making 43. We have no money and no place _______. A. to live in             B. to live             C. living in        D. living 44. I have a few words _______ to you. A. say                  B. to say             C. speak           D. to speak 45. There is no chair for me _______. A. to sit at               B. sit with            C. to sit            D. to sit on 46. Here is the pen I want _______. A. to write with            B. to write           C. writing          D. to writing 47. He is always the first _______ and the last _______. A. coming, leaving       B. to come, to leave    C. comes, leaves    D. come, leave 48. his book is difficult _______. A. to be read          B. to read              C. read under        D. to read by 49. Remember _______ the book in time when you have finished _______ it. A. to return, reading  B. returning, reading   C. returning, to read   D. to return, to read 50. Do you know the _______ “There is no use _______ over the spilt milk?” A. word, cry        B. saying, crying       C. saying, cry         D. word, crying 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 非谓语动词练习答案解析 练习巩固 1.The girl student enjoy ________ English songs.      A.singing            B. to sing                 C. sing           D. sung 【答案】A。 【解析】“enjoy doing sth.”表示“喜欢做某事”，所以这里用singing。 2. Thank you for ________ us so well.      A. to teach            B. teaches                C. teaching        D. taught 【答案】C。 【解析】“Thank you for doing sth.”意思是“感谢你做某事”，for是介词，后面接动名词teaching。 3. I often do some ________ on Sundays.      A. washed             B. to wash                 C. wash         D. washing 【答案】 D。 【解析】“do some washing”是固定短语，意思是“洗衣服”。 4. The boy ________ Li Hua in Class One is his brother.      A. called              B. calling                  C. to call        D. call 【答案】A。 【解析】called是过去分词作后置定语，修饰the boy，表示“被叫做”，相当于the boy who is called。 5. It often takes me half an hour ________ home.      A. walking             B. to walk                 C. walked       D. walk 【答案】B。【解析】“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型，意思是“做某事花费某人多长时间”，所以用to walk。 6. Don’t forget ________ her clean water every day.      A. to give              B. giving                  C. given        D. give 【答案】A。【解析】“forget to do sth.”表示“忘记去做某事（还没做）”，“forget doing sth.”表示“忘记做过某事”，这里是不要忘记给她干净的水，用to give。 7. I think it important ________ English well.      A. learning             B. learn                   C. to learn      D. learned 【答案】C。【解析】“think it + adj. + to do sth.”是一个常用结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to learn。 8. The funny story makes us ________.      A. laugh               B. laughing                C. to laugh      D. laughed 【答案】A。【解析】“make sb. do sth.”表示“使某人做某事”，所以用laugh。 9. She was often heard ________ in English.      A. sing                B. singing                  C. sung         D. to sing 【答案】D。 【解析】“hear sb. do sth.”在被动语态中要变成“sb. be heard to do sth.”，所以是to sing。 10. Our teacher told us ________ hard.      A. to work             B. working                C. worked       D. work 【答案】 A。【解析】“tell sb. to do sth.”表示“告诉某人做某事”，所以用to work。 11. Could you tell me ________ this word?      A. to how read          B. how to read             C. how read      D. how read to 【答案】B。 【解析】“how to read”是“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语，意思是“如何读”。 12. Please give me a pen ________.      A. to write             B. writing                C. to write with    D. written 【答案】C。【解析】“write with a pen”表示“用钢笔写”，这里是不定式作后置定语，需要带上介词with。 13. He went home ________ some books.      A. got                 B. getting                C. get            D. to get 【答案】D。【解析】“to get”在这里是不定式作目的状语，表示回家的目的是拿一些书。 14. Remember ________ late for class again.      A. not to               B. not to be              C. to be not        D. be not to 【答案】 B。 【解析】“Remember not to do sth.”表示“记住不要做某事”，“be late for”表示“迟到”，所以是not to be。 15. Stop ________, please. I’ve something to tell you.      A. to read              B. reading               C. read           D. to write 【答案】B。【解析】“Stop doing sth.”表示“停止正在做的事情”，这里是停止阅读，用reading。 16. Would you please ________?      A. not to go there       B. to go there              C. not go there     D. going there 【答案】C。【解析】“Would you please (not) do sth.?”是一个请求的句型，这里是请你不要去那里，用not go there。 17. You don’t look well. Why ________ to see the doctor?      A. not to go           B. you not to go            C. not go          D. didn’t go 【答案】C。 【解析】“Why not do sth.?”是一个提建议的句型，意思是“为什么不做某事呢？”，所以用not go。 18. There’s something wrong ________ my radio. I’ll have it ________.      A. with, fixed         B. with, fixing             C. on, to be repaired    D. in, repaired 【答案】A。【解析】“There's something wrong with...”是固定句型，表示“……有问题”，“have sth. done”表示“让某事被做”，所以是fixed。 19. Let’s ________ to the cinema together.      A. to go             B. going                   C. go              D. went 【答案】C。【解析】“Let's do sth.”是祈使句，意思是“让我们做某事”，所以用go。 20. Jim asked Li Ping ________ his best wishes to everybody.      A. give              B. gave                    C. giving          D. to give 【答案】D。“ask sb. to do sth.”表示“要求某人做某事”，所以用to give。 21. Have you read the book? It’s worth ________.      A. read              B. to read                  C. reading          D. to reading 【答案】C。【解析】“be worth doing sth.”表示“值得做某事”，所以用reading。 22. Please tell him ________ the light when he leaves.      A. to turn off          B. turn down               C. turn off          D. to reading 【答案】A。【解析】“tell sb. to do sth.”表示“告诉某人做某事”，“turn off”表示“关掉”，所以是to turn off。 23. I’m sorry ________ your friend is ill.       A. hear            B. to hear                C. listen         D. to listen 【答案】B。【解析】“I'm sorry to hear...”是一个常用的表达，表示“听到……我很遗憾”。 24. You had better ________ home at once. Don’t keep your mother ________.      A. to, wait          B. going, waiting          C. to go, to wait         D. go, waiting 【答案】D。【解析】“had better do sth.”表示“最好做某事”，“keep sb. doing sth.”表示“让某人一直做某事”，所以是go和waiting。 25. ________ in the sun is bad for your eyes.     A. Read            B. Reads               C. Reading       D. To reading 【答案】C。 【解析】“动名词作主语”，这里是Reading in the sun这个动作作主语，所以用Reading。 26. When the little baby saw her mother ________, she couldn’t help ________.     A. coming, laughing  B. come, to laugh        C. come, laughs   D. came, laughing 【答案】 A。【解析】“see sb. doing sth.”表示“看见某人正在做某事”，“can't help doing sth.”表示“情不自禁做某事”，所以是coming和laughing。 27. Will you please get me something ________?      A. to eat            B. eat                 C. eating         D. for eating 【答案】A。【解析】“不定式作后置定语”，修饰something，表示“吃的东西”，用to eat。 28. The story is ________. So we are ________ in it.     A. interest, interesting                     B. interesting, interesting     C. interested, interesting                     D. interesting, interested 【答案】D。【解析】“interesting”表示“令人感兴趣的”，用来修饰事物；“interested”表示“感兴趣的”，用来修饰人，所以是interesting和interested。 29. I’d like ________ a word with you.     A. had             B. having              C. to have       D. have 【答案】 C。【解析】“I'd like to do sth.”表示“我想要做某事”，所以用to have。 30. Hurry up! It’s time ________.     A. for have class     B. having class          C. have class     D. to have class 【答案】D。【解析】“It's time to do sth.”表示“到做某事的时间了”，所以用to have class。 31. Can you finish ________ an elephant in two minutes?     A. draw            B. to draw              C. drew         D. drawing 【答案】D。【解析】“finish doing sth.”表示“完成做某事”，所以用drawing。 32. The doctor was busy ________ on the boy at that time.     A. operate          B. operating             C. to operated    D. operated 【答案】B。【解析】“be busy doing sth.”表示“忙于做某事”，所以用operating。 33. I have something important ________ you.     A. tell             B. telling                 C. to tell        D. tell to 【答案】C。【解析】“不定式作后置定语”，修饰something important，表示“要告诉你的重要事情”，用to tell。 34. The young man is old enough ________ the army.     A. join             B. joining                C. to join        D. joins 【答案】C。【解析】“adj. + enough + to do sth.”表示“足够……去做某事”，所以用to join。 35. His wish was ________ a scientist.     A. to becomes       B. becomes              C. become       D. to become 【答案】D。【解析】“不定式作表语”，表示“他的愿望是成为一名科学家”，用to become。 36. On Sundays I prefer ________ at home to ________ out.     A. to stay, go        B. staying, go             C. staying, going  D. to stay, going 【答案】C。【解析】“prefer doing sth. to doing sth.”表示“比起做某事更喜欢做某事”，所以是staying和going。 37. The teacher agreed ________ lessons to his students.     A. give         B. that he give         C. to give              D. that he will give 【答案】C。【解析】“agree to do sth.”表示“同意做某事”，所以用to give。 38. All the students learned ________ up words in a dictionary.     A. look how     B. how to look         C. how look            D. to how look 【答案】 B。【解析】“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语，意思是“如何在字典里查找单词”，用how to look。 39. The baby started ________. Try ________ it quiet.     A. cry, keep         B. to cry, to keep           C. to cry, keep      D. cry, to keep 【答案】 B。【解析】“start to do sth.”表示“开始做某事”，“try to do sth.”表示“尽力做某事”，所以是to cry和to keep。 40. I never heard him ________ so.     A. say              B. to say                  C. saying          D. having said 【答案】A。【解析】“hear sb. do sth.”表示“听到某人做某事（全过程）”，所以用say。 41. The teacher made her students ________ text twice a day.    A. recite the         B. reciting                 C. to recite the     D. recited the 【答案】A。【解析】“make sb. do sth.”表示“使某人做某事”，所以是recite the。 42. She was seen _______ paper planes in the room. A. made              B. to make            C. makes         D. making 【答案】 B。 【解析】“see sb. do sth.”在被动语态中变成“sb. be seen to do sth.”，所以是to make。 43. We have no money and no place _______. A. to live in             B. to live             C. living in        D. living 【答案】A。 【解析】“不定式作后置定语”，修饰place，因为live是不及物动词，需要加介词in，所以是to live in。 44. I have a few words _______ to you. A. say                  B. to say             C. speak           D. to speak 【答案】B。 【解析】“不定式作后置定语”，修饰words，表示“要说的话”，用to say。 45. There is no chair for me _______. A. to sit at               B. sit with            C. to sit            D. to sit on 【答案】 D。 【解析】“不定式作后置定语”，修饰chair，因为sit是不及物动词，需要加介词on，所以是to sit on。 46. Here is the pen I want _______. A. to write with            B. to write           C. writing          D. to writing 【答案】 A。【解析】“不定式作后置定语”，修饰pen，因为write是不及物动词，需要用write with a pen，所以是to write with。 47. He is always the first _______ and the last _______. A. coming, leaving       B. to come, to leave    C. comes, leaves    D. come, leave 【答案】B。 【解析】“the first/last to do sth.”表示“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”，所以是to come和to leave。 48. his book is difficult _______. A. to be read          B. to read              C. read under        D. to read by 【答案】B。【解析】“形容词+不定式”结构，这里是“书难读”，用to read。 49. Remember _______ the book in time when you have finished _______ it. A. to return, reading  B. returning, reading   C. returning, to read   D. to return, to read 【答案】A。【解析】“Remember to do sth.”表示“记得去做某事”，“finish doing sth.”表示“完成做某事”，所以是to return和reading。 50. Do you know the _______ “There is no use _______ over the spilt milk?” A. word, cry        B. saying, crying       C. saying, cry         D. word, crying 【答案】B。【解析】“saying”表示“谚语，格言”，“There is no use doing sth.”是固定句型，表示“做某事没有用”，所以是saying和crying。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$