专题07动词时态和语态及语气 - 【中职专用】2025年对口升学英语二轮复习专项突破（全国通用）

专题07 动词的时态和语态及语气 动词的时态 1.常用的动词的时态9种,以 ask为例， 将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下: 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking 完成 have/has asked had asked 完成进行 have/has been asking 2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: 1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。也就是利用过去，说明现在。如: I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容) 2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可 加“过”,“了”等词。也就是说，与现在无关。 如:I read the novel last month.(只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住） I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京曾经住过十年，现在在不在北京住，不知道。) 3.一般将来时的表达方式: 将来时的形式 用法 例句 will/shall+动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 My sister will be ten next year. be going to+动词原形 含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事 It's going to clear up.WVe're going to have a party tonight. be + doing 进行时表示将来 go.come.start.move.leave.arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? be about to +动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 was about to leave when the belrang. The meeting is about to close be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We're to meet at the schoolqate at noon. 一般现在时表示将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The meeting starts at fiveo'clock. The plane leaves at ten thisevening. 4.各时态的时间标志词。 ①一般现在时态: always，usually，often，sometimes hardly(ever), seldom, never, every day, once a week, on Sundays, every five minutes. etc. ②一般过去时态: last night, yesterday，two years ago, in 1935, in the past, the other day, just now, etc. ③一般将来时态: tomorrow, soon, later, next week, in a few days, in 2015, next Saturday, etc. ④现在进行时态: now, at present, at the moment, these days, look, listen, etc. ⑤过去进行时态: at 8 o’clock yesterday, at this time last night, from seven to nine, when, while, at that time, etc. ⑥现在完成时态：ever，never, before, after, in the past... years，in the last... years, over the last... years, over the past... years, by now, so far, for+段时间, since+过去动作或时间点, recently, lately, etc.   5.延续性动词和非延续性动词 1. 常见延续性动词与非延续性动词比对： borrow/lend→keep leave→be away buy→have die→be dead arrive/ reach →be (in ) ... buy/get/receive — have put on — wear become — be begin / start — be on 2. have been to VS. have been in VS. have gone to have/has been to 去过某地常与ever, never, once, twice, several times连用 have/has gone to 到某处去了，人不在说话的现场 have/has been in 在……生活、居住，表示状态，常与for+时间段，since+时间点连用 当have been to 和 have gone to 后面跟某些地点副词时（here，there，home）时，介词to要省略。 如： Tom is not at home. He has gone to the countryside to visit his grandparents. Tom 不在家，他去乡下看望他的祖父母了。 We all went to watch the basketball game, except Mark, because he had gone home.   我们都去看了篮球比赛，除了Mark，因为他已经回家了。 动词的被动语态 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 should/would be asked 将来完成时 will/would have beenasked 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注意： 1）被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构 be going to,used to,have to,had better 变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如: Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates . Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 2)汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如: It is believed that... It is hoped that... It is well known that... It is reported that ... It is said that ... 3)下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如: The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won't shut. /The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious./ Water feels very cold. 4)下面词或短语没有被动语态: leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, last, fit, fail, have,happen, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep 5)使役动词(如 make，have，let 等)及感官动词(如hear，feel，watch，see等)，在主动语态句子中后面接不带to的动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语，在被动语态句子中后面要接带to 的动词不定式(短语)作主语补足语。 6)含有双宾语的主动语态句子变为被动语态句子时，如果直接宾语作句子的主语，那么间接宾语前需要加介词to或for。 动词的虚拟语气 类别 用法 例句 If 引导的条件从句 与现在事实相反 从句动词:过去式(be用were) 主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形 If he were here, he wouldhelp us. 与过去事实相反 从句动词:had+过去分词 主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+ 过去分词 lf I had been free, I would have visited you. 与将来事实相反 从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式 主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 其它状语从句 As if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 They are talking as if theyhad been friends for years. in order that/so that 引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would 等+动词原形 Turn on the light so that wecan see it clearly. 宾语从句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为 should+动词原形 He suggested that we notchange our mind. wish 后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反 I wish I could be a pop singer. 主语从句 在 It is necessary/ important / strange that ..., It is suggested /demanded /ordered / requested that...等从句中，谓语动词用 should+动词原形 It is strange that such aperson should be our friends. 其它句型中 It is time that...句型中动词用过去式或 should+动词原形 It's high time that we left. would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now. If only 句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true! 巩固练习 1.His father      any washing in the morning.   A. doesn’t do      B. doesn’t      C. doesn’t does    D. doesn’t does 2. I       1000 English words by the end of last term.   A. have learned    B. had learned      C. would learn    D. was learning 3. How long       you       the bicycle?   A. have…bought        B. have…had   C. did…buy            D. do…buy 4. my brother knows London very well. He       there many times.   A. has been      B. has gone    C. was      D. went 5. The children want to know if Miss Green        free tomorrow.   A. is     B. is going to     C. will      D. will be 6. Listen, the music         nice.   A. sounds       B. is sounding     C. is sound       D. was sounding 7. Our teacher told us that light         faster than sound.   A. travelled      B. travels     C. was travelled    D. had travelled 8. Mr. Brown is not at home. He         to the library.   A. has gone    B. has been     C. had been      D . had gone 9. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he        free.   A. is     B. were     C. was       D. will be 10. He ______ with us yesterday morning.   A. doesn’t go swimming    B. goes swimming C. didn’t go swimming   D. went to swimming 11. There ______a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.   A. will have   B. will be    C. is going to have    D. would have 12. Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ .   A. has slept    B. is slept    C. will sleep    D. is sleeping 13. The students of Class 3 _____a football game now. Let’s go and watch.   A. are having    B. will have    C. is having   D. will be had 14. How many English songs ____ you _____ by the end of last term?   A. have, learned   B. did, learn    C. had, learned    D. were, learned 15. My mother _____ breakfast while I ______ my face this morning.   A. cooked, was cooking   B. was cooking, was washing   C. was cooking           D. would cook, was washing 16. Look at the flowers on both sides of the streets. They _______ last month. A. were planted         B. are planted C. are planting          D. were planting 17. —Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him? —No problem! I think he _______ to think twice before starting. A. should be told        B. shouldn’t be told C. should tell  18. —Linda has _______ to Paris. How can I get in touch with her? —Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she _______ there. A. been; will get        B. been; gets C. gone; will get        D. gone; gets   19. National Day celebrations for China’s seventieth birthday _______ in about three months. A. will be held             B. will hold   C. is held          D. was held  20. —Alex, why didn’t you answer my call at nine last night? —Sorry, I _______ my mobile phone at home. I _______ basketball in the park with my friends. A. forgot; played        B. forgot; was playing  C. left; played        D. left; was playing 21. —Jeff, could you tell me if it _______ tomorrow? If it _______ tomorrow, I will stay at home. —It’s reported that it will be sunny, let’s go camping on the Fenghuang mountain. A. rain; rain           B. rains; rains   C. will rain; rains        D. will rain; will rain 22. —May I speak to Mrs. Smith? —Sorry, she _______ the clothes. A. is washing              B. washes                 C. wash  23.This is a nice watch.Is it_______in Japan? A. make    B.making    C.made          D.makes 24.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish mustn't        into the river. A. be thrown         B.throw                    C. be throw          D.is  threw 25. Old people should             . A.take good care of                B.be  taken  good  care C. be taken good care of            D.take  good  care 26. This kind of clotl             very  comfortable. A.feels      B.is felt                 C.is feeling          D.was felt 27.You can go home as soon as your homework           A.is finished      B.finished    C. has finished   D.will be finished 28.The wall was built           people from coming in. A.stopped       B.to stop     C.stopping        D.stop 29.When            the accident          ? A. was; happen       B.did, happen                   C. was happened            D.has; happened 30.This kind of machine is used         cutting metal. A.to    B.of       C.for        D.as 31. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him. A. knew, would  B. had known, would have sent  C. know, would send  D. knew, would have sent 32. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now. A. had started, would be  B. started, might be C. had started, would have been  D. will start, might have been 33. I didn't know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then. A. Had I known, would ring him up  B. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him up  D. Had I known; would have rung him up 34. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn' t be  B. had been ill; wouldn't have been C. had been ill; should have been  D. hadn't been ill; could be 35. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way. A. will do B. would do  C. would have done D. were to do 36. Without your help, we________ so much. A. won ' t achieve B. didn ' t achieve  C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved 37. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows  C. has known D. won't know 38. If only I _________ to the lecture!　  A. listen B. will listen  C. am listening D. had listened 39.I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come  C. came D. had come 40. Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 【语法习题】现在完成时(一、二)练习题（可打印） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 动词的时态和语态及语气巩固练习答案及解析 1.His father      any washing in the morning.   A. doesn’t do      B. doesn’t      C. doesn’t does    D. doesn’t does 【答案】A。“do some washing” 表示 “洗衣服”，这是一个一般现在时的句子，主语是 “His father”，是第三人称单数，否定句要借助助动词 “doesn't”，后面跟动词原形 “do”。 2. I       1000 English words by the end of last term.   A. have learned    B. had learned      C. would learn    D. was learning 【答案】B。“by the end of last term”（到上学期末）是过去完成时的标志，过去完成时的结构是 “had + 过去分词”，“learn” 的过去分词是 “learned”。 3. How long       you       the bicycle?   A. have…bought        B. have…had   C. did…buy            D. do…buy 【答案】B。“how long”（多久）用于现在完成时，且 “buy” 是短暂性动词，不能和 “how long” 连用，要换成 “have”，“have” 的过去分词是 “had”。 4. my brother knows London very well. He       there many times.   A. has been      B. has gone    C. was      D. went 【答案】A。“has been to” 表示 “去过某地（人已经回来）”，“has gone to” 表示 “去了某地（人还没回来）”，根据 “He knows London very well” 可知他去过很多次，人已经回来，所以用 “has been”。 5. The children want to know if Miss Green        free tomorrow.   A. is     B. is going to     C. will      D. will be 【答案】D。【解析】“if” 引导的宾语从句，“tomorrow” 表示将来，要用一般将来时 “will + 动词原形”，“be free” 表示 “有空”。 6. Listen, the music         nice.   A. sounds       B. is sounding     C. is sound       D. was sounding 【答案】A。【解析】“sound”（听起来）是系动词，没有进行时，根据 “Listen” 可知是一般现在时，主语是 “the music”，是第三人称单数，所以用 “sounds”。 7. Our teacher told us that light         faster than sound.   A. travelled      B. travels     C. was travelled    D. had travelled 【答案】B。 【解析】在宾语从句中，当从句是客观真理时，要用一般现在时，“light travels faster than sound”（光比声音传播得快）是客观真理。 8. Mr. Brown is not at home. He         to the library.   A. has gone    B. has been     C. had been      D . had gone 【答案】A。 【解析】“has gone to” 表示 “去了某地（人还没回来）”，“has been to” 表示 “去过某地（人已经回来）”，“Mr. Brown is not at home” 说明他去图书馆还没回来，所以用 “has gone”。 9. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he        free.   A. is     B. were     C. was       D. will be 【答案】C。【解析】这是一个虚拟语气的句子，“if” 引导的条件状语从句，主句是 “would + 动词原形”，从句用一般过去时，“he” 是第三人称单数，所以用 “was”。 10. He ______ with us yesterday morning.   A. doesn’t go swimming    B. goes swimming C. didn’t go swimming   D. went to swimming 【答案】C。 【解析】“yesterday morning” 是一般过去时的标志，否定句要借助助动词 “didn't”，后面跟动词原形 “go”，“go swimming” 表示 “去游泳”。 11. There ______a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.   A. will have   B. will be    C. is going to have    D. would have 【答案】B。 【解析】“there be” 句型的一般将来时是 “there will be” 或 “there is/are going to be”，“a basketball match” 是单数，所以用 “will be” 12. Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ .   A. has slept    B. is slept    C. will sleep    D. is sleeping 【答案】D。【解析】“Don't make any noise.”（不要制造噪音）说明婴儿正在睡觉，要用现在进行时，结构是 “am/is/are + 动词现在分词”，主语是 “The baby”，是第三人称单数，所以用 “is sleeping”。 13. The students of Class 3 _____a football game now. Let’s go and watch.   A. are having    B. will have    C. is having   D. will be had 【答案】A。【解析】“now” 是现在进行时的标志，主语是 “The students of Class 3”，是复数，所以用 “are having”。 14. How many English songs ____ you _____ by the end of last term?   A. have, learned   B. did, learn    C. had, learned    D. were, learned 【答案】C。【解析】“by the end of last term” 是过去完成时的标志，结构是 “had + 过去分词”，“learn” 的过去分词是 “learned”。 15. My mother _____ breakfast while I ______ my face this morning.   A. cooked, was cooking   B. was cooking, was washing   C. was cooking           D. would cook, was washing 【答案】B。【解析】“while” 引导的时间状语从句，主句和从句都用过去进行时，结构是 “was/were + 动词现在分词”，“cook” 的现在分词是 “cooking”，“wash” 的现在分词是 “washing”。 16. Look at the flowers on both sides of the streets. They _______ last month. A. were planted         B. are planted C. are planting          D. were planting 【答案】A。 【解析】“last month” 是一般过去时的标志，“They” 指代 “the flowers”，和 “plant” 是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”，“plant” 的过去分词是 “planted”。 17. —Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him? —No problem! I think he _______ to think twice before starting. A. should be told        B. shouldn’t be told C. should tell  【答案】A。【解析】“he” 和 “tell” 是被动关系，“should be told” 表示 “应该被告诉”。 18. —Linda has _______ to Paris. How can I get in touch with her? —Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she _______ there. A. been; will get        B. been; gets C. gone; will get        D. gone; gets   【答案】D。【解析】“has gone to” 表示 “去了某地（人还没回来）”，“as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是 “she”，是第三人称单数，所以用 “gets”。 19. National Day celebrations for China’s seventieth birthday _______ in about three months. A. will be held             B. will hold   C. is held          D. was held  【答案】A。【解析】“in about three months”（大约三个月后）是一般将来时的标志，“National Day celebrations” 和 “hold” 是被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态，结构是 “will + be + 过去分词”。 20. —Alex, why didn’t you answer my call at nine last night? —Sorry, I _______ my mobile phone at home. I _______ basketball in the park with my friends. A. forgot; played        B. forgot; was playing  C. left; played        D. left; was playing 【答案】D。【解析】“leave sth + 地点” 表示 “把某物落在某地”，“last night” 是过去的时间，“我把手机落在家里” 用一般过去时 “left”，“我当时正在和朋友打篮球” 用过去进行时 “was playing”。 21. —Jeff, could you tell me if it _______ tomorrow? If it _______ tomorrow, I will stay at home. —It’s reported that it will be sunny, let’s go camping on the Fenghuang mountain. A. rain; rain           B. rains; rains   C. will rain; rains        D. will rain; will rain 【答案】 C 【解析】第一个 “if” 引导的宾语从句，“tomorrow” 用一般将来时 “will rain”，第二个 “if” 引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时 “rains”。 22. —May I speak to Mrs. Smith? —Sorry, she _______ the clothes. A. is washing              B. washes                 C. wash  【答案】A。 【解析】“Sorry” 说明她现在正在洗衣服，要用现在进行时，结构是 “am/is/are + 动词现在分词”，主语是 “she”，是第三人称单数，所以用 “is washing”。 23.This is a nice watch.Is it_______in Japan? A. make    B.making    C.made          D.makes 【答案】C。 【解析】“Is it made in Japan?” 这是一个一般现在时的被动语态的句子，“be made in...” 表示 “在…… 制造”。 24.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish mustn't        into the river. A. be thrown         B.throw                    C. be throw          D.is  threw 【答案】A。 【解析】“rubbish” 和 “throw” 是被动关系，“mustn't + be + 过去分词” 表示 “禁止被……”。 25. Old people should             . A.take good care of                B.be  taken  good  care C. be taken good care of            D.take  good  care 【答案】C。 【解析】“Old people” 和 “take care of” 是被动关系，“should + be + 过去分词” 表示 “应该被……”。 26. This kind of clotl             very  comfortable. A.feels      B.is felt                 C.is feeling          D.was felt 【答案】A。【解析】“feel”（感觉）是系动词，没有被动语态，这是一般现在时，主语是 “This kind of cloth”，是第三人称单数，所以用 “feels”。 27.You can go home as soon as your homework           A.is finished      B.finished    C. has finished   D.will be finished 【答案】A。【解析】“your homework” 和 “finish” 是被动关系，“as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是 “is/are + 过去分词”。 28.The wall was built           people from coming in. A.stopped       B.to stop     C.stopping        D.stop 【答案】B。【解析】“The wall was built to stop...”（墙被建造是为了阻止…），这里的 “to stop” 表示目的。 29.When            the accident          ? A. was; happen       B.did, happen                   C. was happened            D.has; happened 【答案】B。【解析】“happen” 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，“When did the accident happen?” 是一般过去时的特殊疑问句。 30.This kind of machine is used         cutting metal. A.to    B.of       C.for        D.as 【答案】.C。【解析】“be used for doing sth” 表示 “被用于做某事”。 31. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him. A. knew, would  B. had known, would have sent  C. know, would send  D. knew, would have sent 【答案】B。【解析】这是一个虚拟语气的句子，与过去事实相反，从句用 “had + 过去分词”，主句用 “would + have + 过去分词”。 32. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now. A. had started, would be  B. started, might be C. had started, would have been  D. will start, might have been 【答案】A。【解析】这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，从句与过去事实相反用 “had + 过去分词”，主句与现在事实相反用 “would + 动词原形”。 33. I didn't know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then. A. Had I known, would ring him up  B. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him up  D. Had I known; would have rung him up 【答案】D。【解析】这是一个虚拟语气的句子，与过去事实相反，从句用 “Had I known”（相当于 “If I had known”），主句用 “would + have + 过去分词”。 34. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn' t be  B. had been ill; wouldn't have been C. had been ill; should have been  D. hadn't been ill; could be 【答案】A。【解析】这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句子，从句用 “were not ill”，主句用 “wouldn't be”。 35. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way. A. will do B. would do  C. would have done D. were to do 【答案】.B。【解析】“Were I to do it”（相当于 “If I were to do it”）是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用 “would + 动词原形”。 36. Without your help, we________ so much. A. won ' t achieve B. didn ' t achieve  C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved 【答案】D。【解析】这是一个虚拟语气的句子，“Without your help” 相当于 “if we hadn't had your help”，与过去事实相反，主句用 “wouldn't + have + 过去分词”。 37. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows  C. has known D. won't know 【答案】A。【解析】“as if” 引导的方式状语从句，与现在事实不符，用一般过去时表示虚拟。 38. If only I _________ to the lecture!　  A. listen B. will listen  C. am listening D. had listened 【答案】D。【解析】“If only”（要是…… 就好了）引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，用 “had + 过去分词”。 39.I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come  C. came D. had come 【答案】D。【解析】这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句子，从句用 “had come”，主句用 “would have met”。 40. Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 【答案】D。【解析】“Without electricity” 相当于 “if there were no electricity”，与现在事实相反，主句用 “would + 动词原形”。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$