Unit 6 When was it invented？（人与社会：科学与技术）-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年九年级全一册英语单元阅读深度指导（人教版）

Unit 6 When was it invented? 人与社会：科学与技术——科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新 目录 内容 板块一 话题短语小知识 板块二 话题经典小故事 板块三 话题时文阅读 板块四 话题题型训练 话题短语小知识 · With the rapid development of technology, we are increasingly reliant on smartphones and the internet, which has significantly changed the way we live and work. 随着科技的迅速发展，我们越来越依赖智能手机和互联网，这在很大程度上改变了我们的日常生活和工作方式。 · Advances in internet technology have opened up endless possibilities for online education, making learning accessible anytime and anywhere, regardless of location. 互联网技术的进步为在线教育提供了无限可能，使得学习不再受地域限制，人们可以随时随地接受教育。 · With the rapid development of technology, we are increasingly reliant on smartphones and the internet, which has significantly changed the way we live and work. 随着科技的迅速发展，我们越来越依赖智能手机和互联网，这在很大程度上改变了我们的日常生活和工作方式。 · The development of artificial intelligence is gradually transforming various industries, from smart homes to automated production lines, bringing convenience as well as challenges tohuman life. 人工智能的发展正在逐步改变各行各业，从智能家居到自动化生产线，它为人类生活带来了便利同时也带来了挑战。 · Technology has not only impacted our work but also the way we socialize; for instance, the advent of social media has made communication more convenient. 随着移动支付技术的普及，现金的使用越来越少，这标志着我们进入了一个 更加数字化的经济时代。 · With the widespread adoption of mobile payment technology, theuse of cash is diminishing, signaling our entry into a more digitized economic era. 随着移动支付技术的普及，现金的使用越来越少，这标志着我们进入了一个更 加数字化的经济时代。 话题小故事 ——机器人宠物 Robotic Pets 机器人宠物 I am going to predict how people are going to be with future technology in their life. I think robotic pets are going to be increasingly popular as the technology develops. At least I am going to build what I think is a strong case for this prediction. 我要预测一下人们在未来的生活中将如何与科技共舞。我认为随着科技的发展，机器宠物将日渐得到人们的青睐。为此我得构想一个强大的案例，最起码我觉得是。 From a neurological point of view, I do not see anything in the way to people bonding fully with robotic pets. The human brain can attach emotions to things and respond to emotional signaling. Being alive is simply not required. From how objects move, our brains infer that they are able to act with their own will and purpose. If they move in a way that cannot be explained simply as passive movement, then they must be moving on their own. Therefore, they can connect to the emotional centers in our brains. We either fear them, or love them, or hunger for them, or whatever. We can respond emotionally with cartoon creatures, with animals, and yes, even with robots. Our brains treat things that act alive as if they are alive — no different. 从神经学的角度来看,我找不出人与机器宠物的任何联系。人类的大脑既可以赋诸于外物以情感，又能对情感信号做出反应。存活并非是仅有的需求。从物体的运动方式，我们的大脑推断出它们能够按照自己的意愿和目的行动。如果他们行动的方式无法解释仅仅是被动的运动,那么他们必须自己移动。因此，它们可以连接到我们大脑中的情感中心。我们要么怕他们，要么爱他们，要么渴望他们，或者别的什么。我们可以用卡通动物，动物，甚至是机器人来表达情感。我们的大脑对待那些动的东西就像它们是活的一样——没有什么不同。  One of the opposite points that people often bring up is that they love the way their pets behave, not just look. This gets to AI, which has been developing at a fast pace. We have AI that can beat world masters in chess and go. I have no doubt we can build AI to mimic the behavior of dogs and cats, if not now then probably within a generation. 人们经常提到的一个相反的观点是，他们喜欢宠物的行为方式，而不仅仅是外表。这就涉及到一直在快速发展的人工智能。我们有可以打败国际象棋大师的人工智能。我毫不怀疑我们可以建立人工智能模拟狗和猫的行为,如果不是现在,可能某一代人会做到。  So we will have no problem fully emotionally bonding with a robotic pet. But this doesn’t mean we would prefer such a pet. One argument against robotic pets is that they will be expensive compared to a live pet — but this is likely not to be true forever. Living pets need to be fed, and they need at least basic medical care, and they may need to be boarded at times. Also, people spend hundreds of dollars on pets, or thousands of dollars on pure bred species. Robotic pets will finally cost less in total than biological ones. 所以我们完全可以和机器宠物建立情感上的联系。但这并不意味着我们更喜欢这样的宠物。反对机器宠物的一个理由是，与活宠物相比，机器宠物会更昂贵——但为未来可能未必如此。活着的宠物需要喂养，他们至少需要基本的医疗保健，有时他们可能需要寄宿。此外，人们在宠物上花费数百美元，或者在纯种上花费数千美元。最终，机器宠物的总成本将低于生物宠物。        But let’s get tothe real reason people will prefer robotic pets at last. The possibilities for building in useful technology are endless. An advanced robotic pet could also serve as a defensive and alarm system. You could recharge your cell phone off their batteries. They could be a walking cell phone. They would be excellent companions for the elder, affording them more independence for longer. This in itself would be a huge cost saving — anything that keeps people out of a nursing home is cost effective. 但让我们来看看人们最终更喜欢机器宠物的真正原因。用有用的技术建造房屋的可能性是无穷无尽的。一个先进的机器宠物也可以作为防御和报警系统。你可以用他们的电池给你的手机充电。他们可能是一部手机。他们将是老年人的好伙伴，使他们能够更长时间地独立生活。这本身就是一个巨大的成本节约——任何让人们远离养老院的东西都是划算的。 Imagination is really the only limitation, once you have the basics of a working robot. When the technology crosses a certain limit, this will be a thing. Future generations may consider keeping a living animal in your home as primitive and cruel. They may have a point. 一旦你有一个基本的工作机器人，你唯一所缺乏的就是想象力了。一旦技术突破一定防线，那将成为一件事。未来可能会把养只活生生的宠物在家视为倒退和残忍的行为。他们或许有道理。 文章生词 · robotic adj. 自动的；机器人的，像机器人的 · increasingly adj. 自动的；机器人的，像机器人的 · prediction adj. 自动的；机器人的，像机器人的 · attach v. 系，绑；连接；使附着；附上；固定 把…作为电子邮件的附件 · creature n. 动物，生物；人；创造物 · opposite adj. 相反的；对面的；对立的 n. 对立面；反义词 prep. 在…的对面 · master vt. 控制；精通；征服 n. 主人；大师；硕士；教师 adj. 主要的；主人的；熟练的 · generation n. 同时代的人, 一代人, 一代 产生, 发生 · fully adv. 完全地；充分地；彻底地 · emotionally adv. 感情上;情绪上;冲动地 · biological adj. 生物学的 生物的 · defensive adj. 防御用的;防守的;守势的 n. 守势;防守 · recharge vt. 再充电；再袭击；再控告 n. 再袭击；再装填 · companion n. 同伴, 伙伴 · independence n. 同伴, 伙伴 · effective adj. 有效的；生效的 事实上的，实际的 · primitive adj. 原始的，早期的 简单的；粗糙的 早期的艺术家 原始人，原始事物 · cruel adj. 残酷的, 残忍的 使人痛苦的, 让人受难的 短语句式积累 · as the technology develops 随着科技的发展 · at least 至少：表示最小的数量、程度或条件。 · From a neurological point of view 从神经学的角度来看 · in the way 妨碍；挡道 · attach… to…. 附属于；使依恋；隶属于；属于 · respond to 回应：作为对已经说过或做过的事情的反应或回应 · act with their own will and purpose 以自己的意志和目的行动 · on their own 凭自己的力量，他们自己；静静独处 · connect to ；连接…. · either …or …要么…要么… · bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕出；（船等）停下 · at a fast pace 以快速的速度 · no doubt adv. 无疑地；很可能地 · bond with 与……建立联系或亲密关系，增进感情 · compared to 把...比作，比喻为 · in total 总共，总计，包括某事物的所有方面 · serve as 担任…，充当…；起…的作用 时文阅读 01—中国科学家创造出触感和感觉像人手的机器手指 A new sensory system that mimics a human fingertip has been created by a team of Chinese scientists, with the hope that one day it could bring the vivid sensation of touch to a robot or to a patient who has lost their hand. Developed by researchers from the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, Xidian University in Xian and University of Houston, the sensor’s AI technology can recognise different textures, including wool, linen, nylon, polyester and twill, with results shown to users in real time. “The sensory system integrated on a prosthetic fingertip can identify 20 different commercial textiles with a 100 per cent accuracy at a fixed sliding rate,” the team wrote in an article published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications on Wednesday. “Such a system is expected to promote the sensing technologies of robotics and prosthetics, and is potentially useful for the sensory recovery of patients wearing artificial prostheses, haptics-based virtual reality and consumer electronics,” the researchers said. In the new study, the team has developed a sensor that detects both static pressure and high-frequency vibrations. The researchers said this single-sensor system was more simple and robust than existing ones that required two sensors integrated with two sets of data acquisition systems. Lead author Guo Chuanfei, a professor at SUSTech’s department of materials science and engineering, said that to take the technology to the next level, the team was working on ways allow people with prosthetic limbs to feel what the sensor detects. “Transmitting electrical signals to the brain through nerves is still rather technologically challenging,” Guo said. “We, therefore, turn to transmitting the signals to skin on other parts of the body such as the upper arm or chest, which then allows the brain to process the information.” In addition to applications in robotics and for people who have prosthetic implants, he said the technology could also be used in virtual reality – a user might be able to feel touch remotely during video calls, for example, or feel the texture of products when shopping online. Guo also said the project was an example of cross-disciplinary research involving AI, materials science and robotics.“Our AI-powered system analyses materials with high accuracy and is applied in robotics,” he said. 1. According to the article, what can the sensor recognize in real time? A. Various colors. B. Static pressure only. C. High-frequency vibrations. D. Different textures, including textiles. 2. According to the article, what is considered technologically challenging in transmitting signals to the brain through nerves? A. Creating realistic textures.  B. Integrating AI technology.  C. Transmitting electrical signals.  D. Developing a two-sensor system. 3. In what way does Guo Chuanfei propose transmitting signals to the brain in the future?  A. Directly through nerves.  B. By enhancing the sliding rate.  C. Through virtual reality technology.  D. Through skin on other parts of the body. 4. What distinguishes the newly developed single-sensor system from existing ones? A. It is simpler and more robust. B. It can only detect static pressure. C. It is more complex but less robust. D. It requires two sets of data acquisition systems. 5. What is the main purpose of the newly developed sensory system mentioned in the article?  A. Facilitating textile recognition.  B. Enhancing human touch sensation. C. Improving virtual reality technology. D. Advancing prosthetic limb technology.  时文阅读 02—可准确预测极端天气的人工智能技术 According to a recent study,the Middle East is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of theworld. Without a doubt, high temperatures will have deep influences on the development of the area. That shows the growing risk to humans caused byextreme(极端的)weather. With more and more extreme weather events.we must find better techniques(技术)to make predictions about them and mitigate their influences. ★ It can deal with information and provide advice to ] help us better understand and make predictions about the weather. Traditional weather models use information from satellites(卫星).But these models have their disadvantages:they are not very exact. They also fail to discover complex(复杂的）conditions of the air around the earth. AI can overcome these disadvantages by using the technology of deep learning. It can learn from historical and real-time information and produce trustful predictions. AI can also deal with information from different places, such as satellite photos or online posts,to provide clearer pictures of the weather situation. A paper on the Pangu-Weather AI model has drawn a lot of attention. Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods. This model can increase the prediction speed by 10,000 times,making global weather prediction time drop to seconds. In May 2023, Typhoon(台风) Mawar appeared in the Pacific Ocean. According to the China Meteorological Administration,Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way in the eastern waters of the islands of Taiwan. 1.What does the underlined word“mitigate”probably mean in Chinese? A.利用 B.减轻 C.承担 D.创造 2.Which of the following can be the best to fill in “★ ”in Paragraph 3? A. AI is a powerful tool. B. AI can't be used in this field. C. We should ask scientists for help. D. We have no idea how to face extreme weather. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The difficulty in making weather prediction. B. The advantages of AI in weather prediction. C. The meanings of making weather prediction. D. The disadvantages of traditional weather prediction methods. 4.Why is Typhoon Mawar mentioned? A. To show how exact Pangu-Weather's predictions are. B. To tell us about the risks of extreme weather. C. To talk about how useless traditional weather models are. D. To express that the problems of extreme weather have been solved completely. 5.Where can you probably read the passage? A. In a travel magazine. B. In a health magazine. C. In a sports magazine. D.In a science magazine. 话题题型训练板块 Passage A In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics (特征)that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics: Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sensors(传感器): light sensors (eyes), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing sensors(ears)and taste sensors(tongue). Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it. Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight; some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do. 1．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The toy. B．The characteristic. C．The machine. D．The engine. 2．What may the chemical sensors help a robot to do? A．To see. B．To catch. C．To hear. D．To smell. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To help people understand what a robot is. B．To tell what a robot can do in our life. C．To describe the movement of a robot. D．To introduce the history of robots. Passage B Children grow quickly, especially their feet. But many families cannot afford new shoes each time. As a result, about 300 million children around the world go barefoot. Those children risk picking up diseases and parasites(寄生虫)from the soil. Kenton Lee, an American, has a solution for those barefoot kids—a shoe that grows with the child. He explains how the shoe works and how it is able to last so long. ""It grows in three places : the front, the sides with Velcro and the back with a buckle(锁扣). It can last up to five years. The bottom is made of compressed rubber(压缩橡胶), and the top is high-quality leather. The shoes come in two sizes: small size that fits children aged 4 to 9and large size for children aged 9 to 14. " Lee says he got the idea for the shoe while working as a volunteer in Kenya. "There were many children with too small shoes for their feet, but they were too poor to buy new shoes. So they had to cut open the front of the shoes to let their toes stick out. I wanted to do something to help them, so l invented these shoes. " Up to now, they have sent more than 50, 000pairs of shoes to 70 countries. A pair of shoes, he says, gives a child not only protection, but also self-worth. It's a small invention but really does make a big difference to these children's life. 4．What's the main reason for wearing a pair of shoes mentioned in this passage? A．For beauty. B．For fashion. C．For health. D．For wealth. 5．Where do the shoes grow? ①The front.②The bottom. ③The sides. ④The top. ⑤The back. A．①③⑤ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．②④⑤ 6．Who may appreciate the shoes of this kind according to the passage? A．A 1-year-old child. B．A 3-year-old child. C．An 11-year-old child. D．A 15-year-old child. 7．Why did Kenton Lee invent these shoes? A．Because he wanted to be famous. B．Because he wanted to be a designer. C．Because he wanted to earn much money. D．Because he wanted to help the poor children. 8．This passage most probably comes from ________. A．a poem B．a newspaper C．an ad D．a poster Passage C Is your TV connected to the Internet？What about your chair or your fridge？It is possible that they are not. But in the future, most things in your home may be connected, as the so-called"Internet of things"is developing. The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether it's a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner（吸尘器）. So, how do household objects that are part of Internet of things work？Well, think of a usual chair. When connected to the Internet the chair warms up when it knows that the user has just walked into the room and is feeling cold. An Internet-connected camera, like a smart-home camera, could help people feel safer in their homes. It can recognize（识别）people's faces, and even can see when someone passes by in the dark. Then it can send you a message on your smartphone to let you know who's there. If the person is someone you don't know, it can tell you that, too. But according to MIT Technology Review, whether companies are connecting dog food bowls or security（安全）systems to the Internet, there maybe problems. For example, many early connected-home devices（装置）don't have much built-in security, which means they could be hacked（攻击）. In addition, it could be difficult to get these devices to work together because they are made by different companies. To fight this, many companies have joined the Open Interconnect Consortium, which had 45 members by late 2014. So, picture this; you walk in through the front door of your home. The temperature changes to make you feel comfortable after a long day at school. Your favorite music starts playing for you. Do you think that this would be a good thing? It may happen sooner than you think. 9．We can infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4 that _______. A．the chair can know whether the user feels cold or not B．a usual chair can warm up when it knows the user comes in C．an Internet-connected chair can be used to take photos D．an Internet-connected camera can be connected to the user's smartphone 10．According to the passage, it is mentioned that __________ . ①the temperature inside is neither too high nor too low ②your fridge provides the drinks for you ③the chair warms up if you feel cold ④your favorite music starts playing ⑤your washing machine starts working A．①②⑤ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①④⑤ 11．Which of the following words best describes the writer's tone（语气）in the article？ A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Humorous. D．Worried. Passage E The biggest secret about invention is that anybody can do it! Perhaps this sounds crazy, but it's true. Maybe you have the wrong idea about invention, so read on to discover the truth. Wrong idea 1: An invention has to be something completely new. Invention means creating something "new", but the idea could come from something that already exists (存在) . The Wright brothers, for example, got the idea of building a "flying machine" from watching birds. Wrong idea 2: Inventors are born, not made. There are a lot of factors (因素) that make invention possible. Take Mozart for example. He was born with a talent for musical composition. But other factors were also important for his creativity. His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practiced for hours every day, from the time he was four years old. Thomas Edison said that being an inventor was "99% hard work and 1% inspiration"! Very successful creators don't give up when they get something wrong. As one inventor said, "A failure is the right answer to the wrong question." Wrong idea 3: Inventors are always old people. Don't believe that you can't invent anything when you are young. Here are two examples of young inventors: Louis Braille went blind when he was a child. When he was fifteen, he invented a system of reading and writing for blind people that is still used in most countries today. As a young man, George Nissen was watching some artists performing in a show. He watched how they fell into the safety net and then jumped back up again. This gave him an idea, and he invented the trampoline (蹦床). 12. _____________got the idea of building a "flying machine" from watching birds. A．Mozart B．George Nissen C．Louis Braille D．The Wright brothers 13. The underlined word "inspiration" probably means "_____________" in Chinese. A．态度 B．品质 C．灵感 D．能量 14. The writer wants to tell us _____________in Wrong idea 2. A．Mozart is a talented musician B．successful creators keep working hard C．not to give up the wrong question D．many successful examples 15. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? A．Anybody can do inventing. B．Inventors are born，not made. C．Inventors are always old people. D．An invention has to be something completely ne. 16. The best title for the passage would be "_____________". A．How to perform in a show B．Be a composer C．How to help blind people D．Be an inventor Passage F The famous British inventor George Stephenson was born in 178l and died in l848. One of his most important 13． was the train. He 14． his first train when he was forty-four years old. When he was experimenting(试验)with the steam engine on the train, he met with 15． from the government, the newspaper journalists and the gentlemen in the country. They said that the noise and the smoke would 16． cows, horses and sheep, that the engine would burst(爆炸）or that hot coals from it would set their houses on 17． . At that time, 18． people believed what they said. George Stephenson 19． the people that the train could go on small 20． , and could pull carriages of goods and passengers but there was 21． great danger to them. It was a very 22． matter for him to make them believe. However, after 23． he was able to do it and the first train that was driven 24． Stephenson himself proved 25． he had said. The first day when the people along the way heard the noises of the train far away and saw it 26． quickly to them, they ran back home as quickly as they could and closed their doors for they thought of it as a monster. They did not dare to come out 27． it had passed. 13．A．inventions B．projects C．things D．competitors 14．A．made B．bought C．introduced D．did 15．A．success B．trouble C．people D．pleasure 16．A．buy B．take C．interest D．kill 17．A．water B．air C．fire D．trees 18．A．most B．few C．only a few D．the rich 19．A．said B．spoke C．told D．warned 20．A．roads B．rivers C．steams D．railways 21．A．a little B．no C．some D．a few 22．A．easy B．difficult C．pleasant D．light 23．A．sometime B．some time C．some times D．sometimes 24．A．with B．by C．without D．for 25．A．where B．why C．how D．what 26．A．repeating B．spreading C．running D．connecting 27．A．when B．while C．until D．after Passage G Tea, coffee and cocoa are three major drinks all over the world. Tea is drunk by the largest number of people in the world. Tea, as well as silk and porcelain, began to be known by the world over a thousand years ago and has been an important Chinese export since then. Tea has a history of over 4, 000 years and China is the home of tea. In ancient China, tea was used as a kind of medicine, while nowadays people drink tea daily. Longjing, Pu'er, Wulong and Tieguanyin are all famous tea. Thanks to the mild climate and rich soil in Fujian, Zhejiang and Yunnan, tea is produced mainly in these provinces. The words for tea in different languages came from Chinese, like “cha' i” in Russian. And the Japanese character for tea is written exactly the same as it is in Chinese. Over the past centuries, Chinese people have developed their unique(独特的)tea culture, which includes tea planting, tea-leaf picking, tea making, tea drinking and so on. Tea is also popular in some sayings, like “A friendship between gentlemen is like a cup of tea.” In dances, songs, poems and novels, tea is often mentioned, too. （1）How many drinks are mentioned in this passage? （2）Why is tea produced mainly in Fujian, Zhejiang and Yunnan? （3）What does the underlined sentence “A friendship between gentlemen is like a cup of tea.” mean in Chinese? （4）In ancient China, people used tea as a kind of medicine, didn't they? （5）What is the best title for the passage? Passage H How many of your classmates drink cola now? Nearly everyone 　 1 　 (drink) it. Did you know that cola was a kind of medicine about 200 years ago? John Stith Pemberton was a doctor from America. He said to his friends, "I spent many months 　 2 　 (experiment) to find a kind of medicine for headaches. I 　 3 　 (mix) up different oils (油) and ingredients together and heated them until I found something helpful. So far, I 　 4 　 (succeed) already. I put the medicine into bottles (瓶) and began selling it in drugstores. The people have to 　 5 　 (add) water to it before drinking." Then, how did cola go from being a medicine to a soft drink? That 　 6 　 (come) by accident. One day, a man who had a headache came into a drugstore. He asked for a bottle of cola. He wanted 　 7 　 (take) it right away, so he asked the clerk to add some water to the medicine while he 　 8 　 (wait). But there was no hot water in the drugstore, The clerk used soda water (苏打水) instead. The man agreed. After drinking it, the man said it tasted wonderful. From then on, it 　 9 　 (begin) to become more popular. Today cola 　 10 　 (sell) in most countries around the world. Although it is no longer used to treat headaches, it is still very popular and fills people with energy. Passage I 如今，很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式——共享单车(bike-sharing)，它因环保、便捷而备受青睐，但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据提示以"Bike-sharing"为题写一篇英语短文，表达自己的看法和建议。 要点提示： Advantages be convenient, cause less pollution, reduce the traffic pressure (减缓交通压力), take exercise… Problems throw away, damage(毁坏), be stolen… Advice be civilized(文明的), follow the rules, take good care of… 注意：1）短文应包括以上要点，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯； 2）文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名； 3）词数: 80～100 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 When was it invented? 人与社会：科学与技术——科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新 目录 内容 板块一 话题短语小知识 板块二 话题经典小故事 板块三 话题时文阅读 板块四 话题题型训练 话题短语小知识 · With the rapid development of technology, we are increasingly reliant on smartphones and the internet, which has significantly changed the way we live and work. 随着科技的迅速发展，我们越来越依赖智能手机和互联网，这在很大程度上改变了我们的日常生活和工作方式。 · Advances in internet technology have opened up endless possibilities for online education, making learning accessible anytime and anywhere, regardless of location. 互联网技术的进步为在线教育提供了无限可能，使得学习不再受地域限制，人们可以随时随地接受教育。 · With the rapid development of technology, we are increasingly reliant on smartphones and the internet, which has significantly changed the way we live and work. 随着科技的迅速发展，我们越来越依赖智能手机和互联网，这在很大程度上改变了我们的日常生活和工作方式。 · The development of artificial intelligence is gradually transforming various industries, from smart homes to automated production lines, bringing convenience as well as challenges tohuman life. 人工智能的发展正在逐步改变各行各业，从智能家居到自动化生产线，它为人类生活带来了便利同时也带来了挑战。 · Technology has not only impacted our work but also the way we socialize; for instance, the advent of social media has made communication more convenient. 随着移动支付技术的普及，现金的使用越来越少，这标志着我们进入了一个 更加数字化的经济时代。 · With the widespread adoption of mobile payment technology, theuse of cash is diminishing, signaling our entry into a more digitized economic era. 随着移动支付技术的普及，现金的使用越来越少，这标志着我们进入了一个更 加数字化的经济时代。 话题小故事 ——机器人宠物 Robotic Pets 机器人宠物 I am going to predict how people are going to be with future technology in their life. I think robotic pets are going to be increasingly popular as the technology develops. At least I am going to build what I think is a strong case for this prediction. 我要预测一下人们在未来的生活中将如何与科技共舞。我认为随着科技的发展，机器宠物将日渐得到人们的青睐。为此我得构想一个强大的案例，最起码我觉得是。 From a neurological point of view, I do not see anything in the way to people bonding fully with robotic pets. The human brain can attach emotions to things and respond to emotional signaling. Being alive is simply not required. From how objects move, our brains infer that they are able to act with their own will and purpose. If they move in a way that cannot be explained simply as passive movement, then they must be moving on their own. Therefore, they can connect to the emotional centers in our brains. We either fear them, or love them, or hunger for them, or whatever. We can respond emotionally with cartoon creatures, with animals, and yes, even with robots. Our brains treat things that act alive as if they are alive — no different. 从神经学的角度来看,我找不出人与机器宠物的任何联系。人类的大脑既可以赋诸于外物以情感，又能对情感信号做出反应。存活并非是仅有的需求。从物体的运动方式，我们的大脑推断出它们能够按照自己的意愿和目的行动。如果他们行动的方式无法解释仅仅是被动的运动,那么他们必须自己移动。因此，它们可以连接到我们大脑中的情感中心。我们要么怕他们，要么爱他们，要么渴望他们，或者别的什么。我们可以用卡通动物，动物，甚至是机器人来表达情感。我们的大脑对待那些动的东西就像它们是活的一样——没有什么不同。  One of the opposite points that people often bring up is that they love the way their pets behave, not just look. This gets to AI, which has been developing at a fast pace. We have AI that can beat world masters in chess and go. I have no doubt we can build AI to mimic the behavior of dogs and cats, if not now then probably within a generation. 人们经常提到的一个相反的观点是，他们喜欢宠物的行为方式，而不仅仅是外表。这就涉及到一直在快速发展的人工智能。我们有可以打败国际象棋大师的人工智能。我毫不怀疑我们可以建立人工智能模拟狗和猫的行为,如果不是现在,可能某一代人会做到。  So we will have no problem fully emotionally bonding with a robotic pet. But this doesn’t mean we would prefer such a pet. One argument against robotic pets is that they will be expensive compared to a live pet — but this is likely not to be true forever. Living pets need to be fed, and they need at least basic medical care, and they may need to be boarded at times. Also, people spend hundreds of dollars on pets, or thousands of dollars on pure bred species. Robotic pets will finally cost less in total than biological ones. 所以我们完全可以和机器宠物建立情感上的联系。但这并不意味着我们更喜欢这样的宠物。反对机器宠物的一个理由是，与活宠物相比，机器宠物会更昂贵——但为未来可能未必如此。活着的宠物需要喂养，他们至少需要基本的医疗保健，有时他们可能需要寄宿。此外，人们在宠物上花费数百美元，或者在纯种上花费数千美元。最终，机器宠物的总成本将低于生物宠物。        But let’s get tothe real reason people will prefer robotic pets at last. The possibilities for building in useful technology are endless. An advanced robotic pet could also serve as a defensive and alarm system. You could recharge your cell phone off their batteries. They could be a walking cell phone. They would be excellent companions for the elder, affording them more independence for longer. This in itself would be a huge cost saving — anything that keeps people out of a nursing home is cost effective. 但让我们来看看人们最终更喜欢机器宠物的真正原因。用有用的技术建造房屋的可能性是无穷无尽的。一个先进的机器宠物也可以作为防御和报警系统。你可以用他们的电池给你的手机充电。他们可能是一部手机。他们将是老年人的好伙伴，使他们能够更长时间地独立生活。这本身就是一个巨大的成本节约——任何让人们远离养老院的东西都是划算的。 Imagination is really the only limitation, once you have the basics of a working robot. When the technology crosses a certain limit, this will be a thing. Future generations may consider keeping a living animal in your home as primitive and cruel. They may have a point. 一旦你有一个基本的工作机器人，你唯一所缺乏的就是想象力了。一旦技术突破一定防线，那将成为一件事。未来可能会把养只活生生的宠物在家视为倒退和残忍的行为。他们或许有道理。 文章生词 · robotic adj. 自动的；机器人的，像机器人的 · increasingly adj. 自动的；机器人的，像机器人的 · prediction adj. 自动的；机器人的，像机器人的 · attach v. 系，绑；连接；使附着；附上；固定 把…作为电子邮件的附件 · creature n. 动物，生物；人；创造物 · opposite adj. 相反的；对面的；对立的 n. 对立面；反义词 prep. 在…的对面 · master vt. 控制；精通；征服 n. 主人；大师；硕士；教师 adj. 主要的；主人的；熟练的 · generation n. 同时代的人, 一代人, 一代 产生, 发生 · fully adv. 完全地；充分地；彻底地 · emotionally adv. 感情上;情绪上;冲动地 · biological adj. 生物学的 生物的 · defensive adj. 防御用的;防守的;守势的 n. 守势;防守 · recharge vt. 再充电；再袭击；再控告 n. 再袭击；再装填 · companion n. 同伴, 伙伴 · independence n. 同伴, 伙伴 · effective adj. 有效的；生效的 事实上的，实际的 · primitive adj. 原始的，早期的 简单的；粗糙的 早期的艺术家 原始人，原始事物 · cruel adj. 残酷的, 残忍的 使人痛苦的, 让人受难的 短语句式积累 · as the technology develops 随着科技的发展 · at least 至少：表示最小的数量、程度或条件。 · From a neurological point of view 从神经学的角度来看 · in the way 妨碍；挡道 · attach… to…. 附属于；使依恋；隶属于；属于 · respond to 回应：作为对已经说过或做过的事情的反应或回应 · act with their own will and purpose 以自己的意志和目的行动 · on their own 凭自己的力量，他们自己；静静独处 · connect to ；连接…. · either …or …要么…要么… · bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕出；（船等）停下 · at a fast pace 以快速的速度 · no doubt adv. 无疑地；很可能地 · bond with 与……建立联系或亲密关系，增进感情 · compared to 把...比作，比喻为 · in total 总共，总计，包括某事物的所有方面 · serve as 担任…，充当…；起…的作用 时文阅读 01—中国科学家创造出触感和感觉像人手的机器手指 A new sensory system that mimics a human fingertip has been created by a team of Chinese scientists, with the hope that one day it could bring the vivid sensation of touch to a robot or to a patient who has lost their hand. Developed by researchers from the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, Xidian University in Xian and University of Houston, the sensor’s AI technology can recognise different textures, including wool, linen, nylon, polyester and twill, with results shown to users in real time. “The sensory system integrated on a prosthetic fingertip can identify 20 different commercial textiles with a 100 per cent accuracy at a fixed sliding rate,” the team wrote in an article published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications on Wednesday. “Such a system is expected to promote the sensing technologies of robotics and prosthetics, and is potentially useful for the sensory recovery of patients wearing artificial prostheses, haptics-based virtual reality and consumer electronics,” the researchers said. In the new study, the team has developed a sensor that detects both static pressure and high-frequency vibrations. The researchers said this single-sensor system was more simple and robust than existing ones that required two sensors integrated with two sets of data acquisition systems. Lead author Guo Chuanfei, a professor at SUSTech’s department of materials science and engineering, said that to take the technology to the next level, the team was working on ways allow people with prosthetic limbs to feel what the sensor detects. “Transmitting electrical signals to the brain through nerves is still rather technologically challenging,” Guo said. “We, therefore, turn to transmitting the signals to skin on other parts of the body such as the upper arm or chest, which then allows the brain to process the information.” In addition to applications in robotics and for people who have prosthetic implants, he said the technology could also be used in virtual reality – a user might be able to feel touch remotely during video calls, for example, or feel the texture of products when shopping online. Guo also said the project was an example of cross-disciplinary research involving AI, materials science and robotics.“Our AI-powered system analyses materials with high accuracy and is applied in robotics,” he said. 1. According to the article, what can the sensor recognize in real time? A. Various colors. B. Static pressure only. C. High-frequency vibrations. D. Different textures, including textiles. 2. According to the article, what is considered technologically challenging in transmitting signals to the brain through nerves? A. Creating realistic textures.  B. Integrating AI technology.  C. Transmitting electrical signals.  D. Developing a two-sensor system. 3. In what way does Guo Chuanfei propose transmitting signals to the brain in the future?  A. Directly through nerves.  B. By enhancing the sliding rate.  C. Through virtual reality technology.  D. Through skin on other parts of the body. 4. What distinguishes the newly developed single-sensor system from existing ones? A. It is simpler and more robust. B. It can only detect static pressure. C. It is more complex but less robust. D. It requires two sets of data acquisition systems. 5. What is the main purpose of the newly developed sensory system mentioned in the article?  A. Facilitating textile recognition.  B. Enhancing human touch sensation. C. Improving virtual reality technology. D. Advancing prosthetic limb technology.  参考答案： 1. D 这个新型传感系统可以实时识别不同的质地，包括包括羊毛、亚麻、尼龙、涤纶和斜纹布等纺织品。 2. C 郭传飞教授指出，通过神经向大脑传输电信号在技术上仍然相当具有挑战性。 3. D 为了克服将电信号传输到大脑的技术难题，研究团队转而将信号传输到身体的其他部位，如上臂或胸部的皮肤上。 4. A 新开发的单传感器系统比需要两个传感器集成两套数据采集系统的现有系统更为简单和稳健。 5. D 这个新型传感系统旨在为机器人或失去手的患者带来触感，尤其是假肢技术的发展。 时文阅读 02—可准确预测极端天气的人工智能技术 According to a recent study,the Middle East is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of theworld. Without a doubt, high temperatures will have deep influences on the development of the area. That shows the growing risk to humans caused byextreme(极端的)weather. With more and more extreme weather events.we must find better techniques(技术)to make predictions about them and mitigate their influences. ★ It can deal with information and provide advice to ] help us better understand and make predictions about the weather. Traditional weather models use information from satellites(卫星).But these models have their disadvantages:they are not very exact. They also fail to discover complex(复杂的）conditions of the air around the earth. AI can overcome these disadvantages by using the technology of deep learning. It can learn from historical and real-time information and produce trustful predictions. AI can also deal with information from different places, such as satellite photos or online posts,to provide clearer pictures of the weather situation. A paper on the Pangu-Weather AI model has drawn a lot of attention. Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods. This model can increase the prediction speed by 10,000 times,making global weather prediction time drop to seconds. In May 2023, Typhoon(台风) Mawar appeared in the Pacific Ocean. According to the China Meteorological Administration,Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way in the eastern waters of the islands of Taiwan. 1.What does the underlined word“mitigate”probably mean in Chinese? A.利用 B.减轻 C.承担 D.创造 2.Which of the following can be the best to fill in “★ ”in Paragraph 3? A. AI is a powerful tool. B. AI can't be used in this field. C. We should ask scientists for help. D. We have no idea how to face extreme weather. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The difficulty in making weather prediction. B. The advantages of AI in weather prediction. C. The meanings of making weather prediction. D. The disadvantages of traditional weather prediction methods. 4.Why is Typhoon Mawar mentioned? A. To show how exact Pangu-Weather's predictions are. B. To tell us about the risks of extreme weather. C. To talk about how useless traditional weather models are. D. To express that the problems of extreme weather have been solved completely. 5.Where can you probably read the passage? A. In a travel magazine. B. In a health magazine. C. In a sports magazine. D.In a science magazine. 【答案】  随着极端天气事件越来越多，我们必须找到更好的技术来对天气进行预测。人工智能技术可以帮助我们更高效、更准确地预测天气情况。 1.B 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，极端天气对人类造成的风险越来越大。根据画线词前的“we must find better techniques to make predictions about them”可知，我们必须找到更好的技术来对极端天气进行预测。再结合常识和选项可知，对极端天气进行预测是为了减轻极端天气带来的影响，故推断mitigate意为“减轻”。 2.A 句子还原题。根据空后一句可知，它可以处理信息并提出建议。帮助我们更好地理解和预测天气。由此可推知 空外内容应与“它”有用的功能有关；再结合第四段可推知，此处的“它”应指人工智能（AI）。故A项“人工智能是一个强大的工具”可引出下文，符合语境。 3.B段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了人工智能在天气预测方面是如何克服传统天气模型的缺点的，即人工智能在天气预测方面的优点。 4.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods.”可知，盘古气象是首个比传统的天气预测方法更加准确的人工智能预测模型。再结合最后一段中的“Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way”可推知，提到台风Mawar是为了表明盘古气象预测的准确性。 5.D推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文提到了人工智能在预测极端天气方面的能力与优点，所以我们最有可能在一本科学杂志上读到本文。 话题题型训练板块 Passage A In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics (特征)that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics: Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sensors(传感器): light sensors (eyes), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing sensors(ears)and taste sensors(tongue). Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it. Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight; some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do. 1．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The toy. B．The characteristic. C．The machine. D．The engine. 2．What may the chemical sensors help a robot to do? A．To see. B．To catch. C．To hear. D．To smell. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To help people understand what a robot is. B．To tell what a robot can do in our life. C．To describe the movement of a robot. D．To introduce the history of robots. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【解析】【分析】文章主要介绍了机器人应该具有的特征，要有感官，会动，有能量和智力。 1．推断题。根据It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine它还将帮助您决定需要在机器中构建什么，可知it代指机器，故选C。 2．细节题。A.看见；B.捉住；C.听见；D.闻。根据chemical sensors (nose)化学传感器，相当于鼻子，即鼻子机器人闻，故选D。 3．主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了机器人应该具有的特征，要有感官，会动，有能量和智力，故选A。 Passage B Children grow quickly, especially their feet. But many families cannot afford new shoes each time. As a result, about 300 million children around the world go barefoot. Those children risk picking up diseases and parasites(寄生虫)from the soil. Kenton Lee, an American, has a solution for those barefoot kids—a shoe that grows with the child. He explains how the shoe works and how it is able to last so long. ""It grows in three places : the front, the sides with Velcro and the back with a buckle(锁扣). It can last up to five years. The bottom is made of compressed rubber(压缩橡胶), and the top is high-quality leather. The shoes come in two sizes: small size that fits children aged 4 to 9and large size for children aged 9 to 14. " Lee says he got the idea for the shoe while working as a volunteer in Kenya. "There were many children with too small shoes for their feet, but they were too poor to buy new shoes. So they had to cut open the front of the shoes to let their toes stick out. I wanted to do something to help them, so l invented these shoes. " Up to now, they have sent more than 50, 000pairs of shoes to 70 countries. A pair of shoes, he says, gives a child not only protection, but also self-worth. It's a small invention but really does make a big difference to these children's life. 4．What's the main reason for wearing a pair of shoes mentioned in this passage? A．For beauty. B．For fashion. C．For health. D．For wealth. 5．Where do the shoes grow? ①The front.②The bottom. ③The sides. ④The top. ⑤The back. A．①③⑤ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．②④⑤ 6．Who may appreciate the shoes of this kind according to the passage? A．A 1-year-old child. B．A 3-year-old child. C．An 11-year-old child. D．A 15-year-old child. 7．Why did Kenton Lee invent these shoes? A．Because he wanted to be famous. B．Because he wanted to be a designer. C．Because he wanted to earn much money. D．Because he wanted to help the poor children. 8．This passage most probably comes from ________. A．a poem B．a newspaper C．an ad D．a poster 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了Kenton Lee为孩子们发明的新鞋。 4．推断题。根据about 300 million children around the world go barefoot. Those children risk picking up diseases and parasites from the soil全球约有3亿儿童赤脚行走。这些儿童有从土壤中感染疾病和寄生虫的风险，可知穿鞋的主要原因是为了健康，故选C。 5．细节题。根据It grows in three places : the front, the sides with Velcro and the back with a buckle它长在三个地方:前面，用魔术贴贴的两边和后面有扣的地方，可知鞋子长在前面，侧面和后面，故选A。 6．推断题。根据small size that fits children aged 4 to 9and large size for children aged 9 to 14这款鞋有两种尺寸:适合4至9岁儿童的小号和适合9至14岁儿童的大号，可知会欣赏这种鞋子，故选C。 7．细节题。根据I wanted to do something to help them, so l invented these shoes，可知Kenton Lee发明了这些鞋子因为他想帮助那些贫穷的孩子，故选D。 8．推断题。本文介绍了Kenton Lee为孩子们发明的新鞋，可知这段话很可能出自报纸，故选B。 Passage C Is your TV connected to the Internet？What about your chair or your fridge？It is possible that they are not. But in the future, most things in your home may be connected, as the so-called"Internet of things"is developing. The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether it's a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner（吸尘器）. So, how do household objects that are part of Internet of things work？Well, think of a usual chair. When connected to the Internet the chair warms up when it knows that the user has just walked into the room and is feeling cold. An Internet-connected camera, like a smart-home camera, could help people feel safer in their homes. It can recognize（识别）people's faces, and even can see when someone passes by in the dark. Then it can send you a message on your smartphone to let you know who's there. If the person is someone you don't know, it can tell you that, too. But according to MIT Technology Review, whether companies are connecting dog food bowls or security（安全）systems to the Internet, there maybe problems. For example, many early connected-home devices（装置）don't have much built-in security, which means they could be hacked（攻击）. In addition, it could be difficult to get these devices to work together because they are made by different companies. To fight this, many companies have joined the Open Interconnect Consortium, which had 45 members by late 2014. So, picture this; you walk in through the front door of your home. The temperature changes to make you feel comfortable after a long day at school. Your favorite music starts playing for you. Do you think that this would be a good thing? It may happen sooner than you think. 9．We can infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4 that _______. A．the chair can know whether the user feels cold or not B．a usual chair can warm up when it knows the user comes in C．an Internet-connected chair can be used to take photos D．an Internet-connected camera can be connected to the user's smartphone 10．According to the passage, it is mentioned that __________ . ①the temperature inside is neither too high nor too low ②your fridge provides the drinks for you ③the chair warms up if you feel cold ④your favorite music starts playing ⑤your washing machine starts working A．①②⑤ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①④⑤ 11．Which of the following words best describes the writer's tone（语气）in the article？ A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Humorous. D．Worried. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 【解析】【分析】主要讲了以后的家用设施将更多地与网络相连，更加智能化。 9．推断题。根据When connected to the Internet the chair warms up when it knows that the user has just walked into the room and is feeling cold.当连接到互联网时，当椅子知道用户刚走进房间，感觉很冷时，椅子就会变暖，可知连接互联网的摄像头可以连接到用户的智能手机， 故选D。 10．细节题。根据The temperature changes to make you feel comfortable after a long day at school. Your favorite music starts playing for you.在学校度过漫长的一天后，温度会变化，让你感到舒适。你最喜欢的音乐开始为你播放，可知①和④是正确的，排除A、B。 根据When connected to the Internet the chair warms up when it knows that the user has just walked into the room and is feeling cold.当连接到互联网时，当椅子知道用户刚走进房间，感觉很冷时，它就会变暖，可知③是正确的，故选C。 11．推断题。A.怀疑的；B.有希望的；C.幽默的；D.担心的。根据Do you think that this would be a good thing? It may happen sooner than you think.你认为这是件好事吗？这可能比你想象的要快，可知作者的语调是有希望的，故选B。 Passage E The biggest secret about invention is that anybody can do it! Perhaps this sounds crazy, but it's true. Maybe you have the wrong idea about invention, so read on to discover the truth. Wrong idea 1: An invention has to be something completely new. Invention means creating something "new", but the idea could come from something that already exists (存在) . The Wright brothers, for example, got the idea of building a "flying machine" from watching birds. Wrong idea 2: Inventors are born, not made. There are a lot of factors (因素) that make invention possible. Take Mozart for example. He was born with a talent for musical composition. But other factors were also important for his creativity. His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practiced for hours every day, from the time he was four years old. Thomas Edison said that being an inventor was "99% hard work and 1% inspiration"! Very successful creators don't give up when they get something wrong. As one inventor said, "A failure is the right answer to the wrong question." Wrong idea 3: Inventors are always old people. Don't believe that you can't invent anything when you are young. Here are two examples of young inventors: Louis Braille went blind when he was a child. When he was fifteen, he invented a system of reading and writing for blind people that is still used in most countries today. As a young man, George Nissen was watching some artists performing in a show. He watched how they fell into the safety net and then jumped back up again. This gave him an idea, and he invented the trampoline (蹦床). 12. _____________got the idea of building a "flying machine" from watching birds. A．Mozart B．George Nissen C．Louis Braille D．The Wright brothers 13. The underlined word "inspiration" probably means "_____________" in Chinese. A．态度 B．品质 C．灵感 D．能量 14. The writer wants to tell us _____________in Wrong idea 2. A．Mozart is a talented musician B．successful creators keep working hard C．not to give up the wrong question D．many successful examples 15. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? A．Anybody can do inventing. B．Inventors are born，not made. C．Inventors are always old people. D．An invention has to be something completely ne. 16. The best title for the passage would be "_____________". A．How to perform in a show B．Be a composer C．How to help blind people D．Be an inventor 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了几种关于发明的错误的观点。 12. 细节理解题。根据文中 The Wright brothers, for example, got the idea of building a "flying machine" from watching birds. 例如，莱特兄弟从观察鸟类中获得了制造“飞行机器”的想法。 可知，故选D。 13．词句猜测题。根据前文对莫扎特的介绍 He was born with a talent for musical composition. But other factors were also important for his creativity. His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practiced for hours every day, from the time he was four years old. 他生来就有作曲的天赋。但其他因素对他的创造力也很重要。莫扎特的父亲是一名音乐教师，从四岁开始，他每天都要练习好几个小时。 可知，此处指爱迪生说成为一个发明家需要“99%的努力和1%的灵感” ，所以inspiration是灵感的意思，故选C。 14. 推理判断题。根据本段中对莫扎特的介绍和爱迪生说的成为一个发明家需要“99%的努力和1%的灵感” 可推知，作者想告诉我们成功的创造者会一直努力工作，故选B。 15. 推理判断题。根据文中所列的关于发明的第三个错误观点 Inventors are always old people. 发明家总是老年人。 和本段所述 Don't believe that you can't invent anything when you are young. 不要认为你年轻的时候什么也发明不了。 可推知，作者的观点是认为“ 任何人都可以发明。 ”，故选A。 16.细节理解题。根据本文内容所述，本文介绍了几种关于发明的错误的观点，由此可得知，本文是告诉我们怎样成为一名发明家，故选D。 Passage F The famous British inventor George Stephenson was born in 178l and died in l848. One of his most important 13． was the train. He 14． his first train when he was forty-four years old. When he was experimenting(试验)with the steam engine on the train, he met with 15． from the government, the newspaper journalists and the gentlemen in the country. They said that the noise and the smoke would 16． cows, horses and sheep, that the engine would burst(爆炸）or that hot coals from it would set their houses on 17． . At that time, 18． people believed what they said. George Stephenson 19． the people that the train could go on small 20． , and could pull carriages of goods and passengers but there was 21． great danger to them. It was a very 22． matter for him to make them believe. However, after 23． he was able to do it and the first train that was driven 24． Stephenson himself proved 25． he had said. The first day when the people along the way heard the noises of the train far away and saw it 26． quickly to them, they ran back home as quickly as they could and closed their doors for they thought of it as a monster. They did not dare to come out 27． it had passed. 13．A．inventions B．projects C．things D．competitors 14．A．made B．bought C．introduced D．did 15．A．success B．trouble C．people D．pleasure 16．A．buy B．take C．interest D．kill 17．A．water B．air C．fire D．trees 18．A．most B．few C．only a few D．the rich 19．A．said B．spoke C．told D．warned 20．A．roads B．rivers C．steams D．railways 21．A．a little B．no C．some D．a few 22．A．easy B．difficult C．pleasant D．light 23．A．sometime B．some time C．some times D．sometimes 24．A．with B．by C．without D．for 25．A．where B．why C．how D．what 26．A．repeating B．spreading C．running D．connecting 27．A．when B．while C．until D．after 【答案】13．A；14．A；15．B；16．D；17．C；18．A；19．C；20．D；21．B；22．B；23．B；24．B；25．D；26．C；27．C 【解析】【分析】本文讲述了著名的英国发明家乔治·斯蒂芬森在发火车的过程中，遇到的困难。 13．句意：他最重要的发明之一是火车。A发明物，B项目，C事情，D竞争对手，根据inventor，可知此处是发明物，故选A。 14．句意：他在44岁的时候做了第一辆火车。A制作，B买，C介绍，D做，根据inventor，可知发明家是制作东西的人，故用made，故选A。 15．句意：当他在火车上试验蒸汽机时，他遇到了来自政府、报社记者和乡下绅士们的麻烦。A成功，B麻烦，C人，D高兴的事，根据下文发动机会爆炸，可知表示，meet with trouble from，遇到来自......的麻烦，故选B。 16．句意：他们说，噪音和烟雾会杀死牛、马和羊，发动机会爆炸，燃烧的煤块会烧着他们的房子。A买，B拿，C感兴趣，D杀死，根据发动机会爆炸，可知杀死牛、马和羊，故选D。 17．句意：他们说，噪音和烟雾会杀死牛、马和羊，发动机会爆炸，燃烧的煤块会烧着他们的房子。A水，B空气，C火，D数，根据燃烧的煤块，可知会烧着他们的房子，故选C。 18．句意：在那个时候，大多数人相信他们说的话。A大多数的，B没有，C只有几个，D富有的，大多数人都相信他们说的话，所以他们遇到了麻烦，故选A。 19．句意：乔治·斯蒂芬森告诉人们，火车可以在小型铁路上行驶，可以拉着货物和乘客的车厢，但对他们来说不会有太大的危险。A说，B讲话，C告诉，D禁告，根据下文the train could go on...，可知这是乔治·斯蒂芬森告诉人们的事实，故用told，故选C。 20．句意：乔治·斯蒂芬森告诉人们，火车可以在小型铁路上行驶，可以拉着货物和乘客的车厢，但对他们来说不会有太大的危险。A公路，B河流，C蒸汽，D铁路，根据train，可知火车在铁轨上行使，故选D。 21．句意：乔治·斯蒂芬森告诉人们，火车可以在小型铁路上行驶，可以拉着货物和乘客的车厢，但对他们来说不会有太大的危险。A少量，修饰不可数名词，B没有，C一些，D几个，修饰名词复数，根据火车可以在小型铁路上行驶，可以拉着货物和乘客的车厢，可知没有太大的危险，there is no+名词，没有......，故选B。 22．句意：对他来说，要让他们相信是一件非常困难的事情。A容易的，B困难的，C感兴的，D轻的，根据上文描述他们遇到了麻烦，可知决绝麻烦，让人相信是很困难的，故选B。 23．句意：然而，过了一段时间，他终于做到了，并且由斯蒂芬森亲自驾驶的第一辆火车证明了他所说的话。sometimes是频率副词，有时，常用在一般现在时或一般过去时态中，some times是名词词组，几次，几倍，多用于完成时或比较级，sometime，某时，可用于过去时或将来时态，搭配瞬间动词，some time，一段时间，常搭配 “for”或持续动词，此处表示一段时间后，故用some time，故选B。 24．句意：然而，过了一段时间，他终于做到了，并且由斯蒂芬森亲自驾驶的第一辆火车证明了他所说的话。A有，B被，C没有，D为了，根据was driven，可知被动语态用介词by引导，故选B。 25．句意：然而，过了一段时间，他终于做到了，并且由斯蒂芬森亲自驾驶的第一辆火车证明了他所说的话。A哪里，B为什么，C怎样，D什么，根据从句中的said，可知宾语从句表示宾语，故用连词what，故选D。 26．句意：第一天，当路上的人听到远处火车的声音，看到它迅速地向他们跑来时，他们就以最快的速度跑回家，并关上了门，因为他们认为那是一个怪物。A重复，B传播，C跑，D连接，根据quickly和train could go on small railways，可知火车在铁轨上快速地跑，故选C。 27．句意：直到雨过去，他们才敢出来。A当......的时候，B当......的时候，C直到，D在......之后，not until，是固定搭配，直到......才，故选C。 Passage G Tea, coffee and cocoa are three major drinks all over the world. Tea is drunk by the largest number of people in the world. Tea, as well as silk and porcelain, began to be known by the world over a thousand years ago and has been an important Chinese export since then. Tea has a history of over 4, 000 years and China is the home of tea. In ancient China, tea was used as a kind of medicine, while nowadays people drink tea daily. Longjing, Pu'er, Wulong and Tieguanyin are all famous tea. Thanks to the mild climate and rich soil in Fujian, Zhejiang and Yunnan, tea is produced mainly in these provinces. The words for tea in different languages came from Chinese, like “cha' i” in Russian. And the Japanese character for tea is written exactly the same as it is in Chinese. Over the past centuries, Chinese people have developed their unique(独特的)tea culture, which includes tea planting, tea-leaf picking, tea making, tea drinking and so on. Tea is also popular in some sayings, like “A friendship between gentlemen is like a cup of tea.” In dances, songs, poems and novels, tea is often mentioned, too. （1）How many drinks are mentioned in this passage? （2）Why is tea produced mainly in Fujian, Zhejiang and Yunnan? （3）What does the underlined sentence “A friendship between gentlemen is like a cup of tea.” mean in Chinese? （4）In ancient China, people used tea as a kind of medicine, didn't they? （5）What is the best title for the passage? 【答案】（1）Three. （2）Because the climate is mild and the soil is rich there. （3）君子之交淡如水。 （4）Yes, they did. （5）China's Tea Culture 【解析】【分析】（1）题干：文章中提到多少种饮料？根据第一段第一句可知共3种。故填：Three. （2）题干：为什么茶主要产于福建，浙江和云南?第一段最后一句Thanks to the mild climate and rich soil in Fujian, Zhejiang and Yunnan, tea is produced mainly in these provinces.故填：Because the climate is mild and the soil is rich there. （3）此题考查A friendship between gentlemen is like a cup of tea.的中文意思。故填：君子之交淡如水。 （4）题干：在中国古代，人们把茶当做药使用，是吗?根据第一段中In ancient China, tea was used as a kind of medicine。故填：Yes, they did. （5）题干：文章的最好标题是什么？本文讲的是中国的茶文化。故填：China's Tea Culture. Passage H How many of your classmates drink cola now? Nearly everyone 　 1 　 (drink) it. Did you know that cola was a kind of medicine about 200 years ago? John Stith Pemberton was a doctor from America. He said to his friends, "I spent many months 　 2 　 (experiment) to find a kind of medicine for headaches. I 　 3 　 (mix) up different oils (油) and ingredients together and heated them until I found something helpful. So far, I 　 4 　 (succeed) already. I put the medicine into bottles (瓶) and began selling it in drugstores. The people have to 　 5 　 (add) water to it before drinking." Then, how did cola go from being a medicine to a soft drink? That 　 6 　 (come) by accident. One day, a man who had a headache came into a drugstore. He asked for a bottle of cola. He wanted 　 7 　 (take) it right away, so he asked the clerk to add some water to the medicine while he 　 8 　 (wait). But there was no hot water in the drugstore, The clerk used soda water (苏打水) instead. The man agreed. After drinking it, the man said it tasted wonderful. From then on, it 　 9 　 (begin) to become more popular. Today cola 　 10 　 (sell) in most countries around the world. Although it is no longer used to treat headaches, it is still very popular and fills people with energy. 【答案】drinks；experimenting；mixed；have succeeded；add；came；to take；was waiting；began；is sold 【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了可乐的由来。 （1）句意： 几乎每个人都喝它。 drink喝，动词；根据语境可知，此处描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为不定代词，谓语动词用三单形式，故填drinks。 （2）句意： 我花了好几个月的时间做实验来寻找一种治头痛的药。 experiment做实验，动词；此处是固定句型sb. spend some time doing sth，某人花费时间做某事，所以此处需要动名词，故填 experimenting 。 （3）句意： 我把不同的油和成分混合在一起，加热，直到我找到有用的东西。 mix up混合，固定短语，根据语境可知，此处描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填mixed。 （4）句意： 到目前为止，我已经成功了。 succeed成功，动词；根据句中so far可知，此处用现在完成时，此处主语是第一人称单数，所以用have done形式，故填 have succeeded 。 （5）句意： 人们在喝之前必须加水。 add增加，动词；have to do sth.必须做某事，固定搭配，所以此处需要动词原形，故填add。 （6）句意： 那是偶然发生的。 come发生，动词；此处描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填came。 （7）句意： 他想马上吃它。吃药用动词take，want to do sth.，想要做某事，固定短语，所以此处需要动词不定式，故填to take。 （8）句意： 所以他让店员在他等的时候给药里加一些水。 wait等待，动词；此处是while引导的时间状语从句，且表示主句动作进行的时候，从句动作正在进行，主句为一般过去时，所以从句用过去进行时，主语为第三人称单数，所以用was doing形式，故填was waiting。 （9）句意： 它开始变得更受欢迎。 begin开始，动词；根据语境可知，此处描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填began。 （10）句意： 今天可乐在世界上大多数国家都有销售。 sell卖，动词；此处cola是sell的动作承受者，用被动语态，根据句中today可知，此处描述目前的状态，用一般现在时，所以此处应该是一般现在时的被动语态，此处主语为名词单数，所以用is done形式，故填is sold。 Passage I 如今，很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式——共享单车(bike-sharing)，它因环保、便捷而备受青睐，但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据提示以"Bike-sharing"为题写一篇英语短文，表达自己的看法和建议。 要点提示： Advantages be convenient, cause less pollution, reduce the traffic pressure (减缓交通压力), take exercise… Problems throw away, damage(毁坏), be stolen… Advice be civilized(文明的), follow the rules, take good care of… 注意：1）短文应包括以上要点，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯； 2）文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名； 3）词数: 80～100 【答案】Bike-sharing Today, as a greener means of transportation, bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities. But there are both advantages and disadvantages of bike- sharing. There are many advantages of bike-sharing. Firstly, it's convenient for people to go out, especially when it's too early in the morning or too late at night. Secondly, there will be less pollution since hikes don't burn gas or oil. Thirdly, it helps reduce the traffic pressure. And people can take exercise by riding bikes, too. However, there are also some disadvantages. Some people throw away the hikes when they don't need them. Sometimes the bikes can be damaged or stolen. I think we should be civilized. We should follow the rules and take good care of the bikes. 【知识点】命题作文；提纲作文 【解析】【分析】本文要求以bike-sharing为题，根据表格的内容提示写一篇短文，表达自己对共享单车的看法和建议。写作时，要紧密贴合表格中的三个要点：首先，阐述共享单车的优点：方便；减少污染；减小交通压力；锻炼身体；其次，列举共享单车带来的问题：被扔；被毁；被盗；最后给问题提出建议：表现文明，遵守用车规则；照顾好单车等。 【点评】所给范文内容丰富，表达了所有要点，描述客观事实用了一般现在时，语言表达准确，意思连贯，符合逻辑。在短文中使用了大量的复合句，例如 it's convenient for people to go out, especially when it's too early in the morning or too late at night 时间状语从句，there be句型 There are many advantages of bike-sharing 等固定句式， Firstly，However等连词以及 it's convenient for sb to do等固定短语，为文章增色。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$