Unit 4 Computers 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津上海版）

Unit 4 Computers 单元话题阅读理解练习 （23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中）Emergencies don’t happen very often. But when they do, you want to get help first. No one wants to spend time looking up the phone numbers. In 1968, the Untied States government wanted one number that people could call for emergencies. They decided that 911 was easy to remember and people could dial it quickly. The very first 911 call was made on February 16, 1968, in Alabama. Today, 911 is used for emergencies in most parts of the United States and many parts of Canada. Other countries may use other numbers. In Great Britain, it’s 999. If you’re not sure which emergency number is used in your area, check your phone book. When to call Never call 911 as a joke or just to see what might happen. The only time you should call 911 is when a person is badly hurt in danger right now! So call when there is a fire, a car accident, or sudden sickness, etc. When in an emergency call When you dial the 911 operator (接线员), it’s always OK to give out your information. Speak slowly and clearly when you explain what’s happening. What happened? Where are you? Who needs help? Don’t hang up (挂断)！ If you have to call 911, do not hang up until the operator tells you it’s OK to do so, That way, you can be sure that the operator has all the information to offer help fast. A dog named Faith dialed 911 when her owner who was in a wheelchair fell and needed help. She had been taught to use a speed dial (快递拨号) function. 1．The emergency number 911 was first used in __________ in the USA． A．1958 B．1968 C．1978 D．1999 2．Why was 911 chose to be the emergency call? A．Because other countries also used the number. B．Because it was suggested by the phone company. C．Because it was simple and easy to remember and dial. D．Because it was also used in many parts of Canada. 3．999 is used as the emergency number in __________. A．China B．Canada C．the USA D．Great Britain 4．People can’t call 911 when __________. A．a bus hits a boy badly B．a girl feels bored C．an old lady falls off the stairs, unable to stand up D．some people can’t get out of a burning building 5．If you call the emergency number, you should __________. A．wait for the operator’s words to end the call B．tell the operator what has happened and hang up C．test if your phone can get through to 911 D．tell the operator everything as quickly as possible 6．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．911 is an emergency number almost throughout the United States. B．Different countries have different emergency numbers. C．Usually phone books list emergency call numbers. D．The dog Faith pressed the three numbers 9-1-1. （23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期中）Improvements in technology often happen overnight. Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones. They can do hundreds of things. Here are some old gadgets that people used to use. ①________ Do you have a landline (固定电话) at home? These are phones that people plug (插入) into their living room walls. Mobile phones didn’t use to be so common at that time, so most families had a landline. But landlines only worked at home. What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone? They looked for a pay phone! Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines. ②________ People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks. The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful — each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better. But even the best ones could only hold 1. 44 MB．You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage (储存空间) available on a 32 GB phone! ③________ It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to be expensive, and people took fewer of them. To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film. This allowed you to take about 30 photos. After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days. Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old. What do you think will be next to disappear? 1．What does the underlined word “gadgets” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Toys. B．Tools. C．Games. D．Phones. 2．Match the title with each paragraph. a. Goodbye Disks     b. Music to My Ears   c. Picture This   d. Call Me   e. Film Development A．①-d, ②-b, ③-e B．①-d, ②-a, ③-c C．①-c, ②-a, ③-b D．①-c, ②-b, ③-e 3．What were the first floppy disks like? A．They could store much. B．They were very useful. C．They cost a lot of money. D．They were easy to carry. 4．Where could people make the photos be seen in the past? A．On people’s phone. B．At a shop. C．At home. D．On a roll of film. 5．What can we get from the passage? A．It was convenient to take photos with film. B．People outside used landlines to call someone. C．Improvements in technology change people’s life. D．For a time, many people had pay phones at home. 6．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Changing Phones B．The Products of Tomorrow C．Old Things We Use Today D．The Things We Used to Use （23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）Danny is reading an infographic. 1．An infographic is similar to ________. A．an information sheet B．an advertisement C．a letter D．a notice 2．The subtitle for the box could be ________ A．Why do we need sugar? B．What does sugar do to our body? C．How much sugar do we need every day? D．Who needs sugar most in our daily life? 3．Look at the boy on the right. He has taken in about ________ grams of sugar the whole day. A．75 B．120 C．280 D．310 4．What can we learn about sugar from the infographic? A．There are 7 grams of sugar in 330 ml of orange juice. B．A woman can eat as much sugar a day as a man can. C．China eats more sugar for each person than the USA does. D．400 ml of rice milk has less sugar than 400 ml of grape juice. 5．What can be a reason why the list of “Sugar that is hidden in foods and drinks” is put in the infographic? A．To help us understand how sugar hurts our body. B．To show what kinds of foods and drinks are popular with children. C．To tell us that we often have more sugar than we can without knowing it. D．To let us know how much sugar is enough to make foods and drinks taste good. 6．Which of the following could be another part in the infographic? A．How can we reduce our sugar intake? B．What good is sugar? C．What’s the difference between natural sugar and added sugar? D．Are you aware of hidden sugar in your diets? （22-23九年级上·上海宝山·开学考试）Heredity(遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get. When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan darkly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all. Each one has inherited a different ability to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right. An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun. Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale. Sometimes they decide the opposite. Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, a shin so pale that the veins (血管) showed was considered a mark of great beauty. During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, mines and mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made their skins pale. Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel so sunny countries. They had the leisure to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth. In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable. Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sun-lamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions(涂剂) that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight. These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntan there. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents. So there are three answers to the question “Where does our color come from?” It comes from the genes we inherit. It comes from the conditions in which we live. And it can come from a bottle that we buy at the drugstore on the corner of the street. 1．Besides genes, our skin color has much to do with __________. A．exercise B．weight C．food D．sunshine 2．Centuries ago in Europe, it was considered of great beauty to have _____. A．pale skin B．a suntan C．dark-colored skin D．light-colored skin 3．During the Industrial Revolution people began to like to have a tan because it was a sign of _______. A．good health B．great strength C．wealth D．youth 4．Pills and lotions have been invented in Western Europe and North America _______. A．to protect people from sunburn B．to make people look wealthy C．to smooth people’s skin D．to help people to have a quick tan 5．According to the author, our color does not come from_______. A．the genes we inherit B．the sort of food we live on C．the condition in which we live D．the lotions we buy at a drugstore （2023·上海静安·二模）Robot fools humans The idea that robots could one day be our friends has been around for a long time but until now they have always seemed more machine than person. A new study by a researcher at the Italian Institute of Technology has found that in fact it’s possible for robots to fool us here and there, they are just less perfect than human. Inspired by the Turing Test, Agnieszka Wykowska came up with an experiment using a child-sized human-like robot called iCub. Sitting in front of a screen, the people in the test were asked to press a button when a green box appeared on the screen, however, iCub only responded to red boxes Wykowska programmed the robot to take different lengths of time to respond, just like a person would. Afterwards, the humans were asked to judge whether they had been competing with a machine or a person according to the time of the buttions being pressed—and they couldn’t tell. Wykowska believes that making robots have more human responses is the key to making better robots and creating more trust between humans and robots. In another study with iCub, the robot and a human watched special videos of animals. In the first set of tests, iCub greeted the person, asked for his name and kept eye contact with its camera “eyes”. It made comments about the videos, laughed and showed emotions (情感). In the second experiment, however, iCub did not communicate with human and just made machine-like noises. The researchers found that people believe that the more human iCub is, the more it has its own thoughts and desires. The team now wants to know if people can communicate with robots that do not look human but that still show human-like actions. The researchers plan to repeat the experiments, using robots of different shapes and sizes, to see how people give their responses. 1．A new study at the Italian Institute of Technology has found that robots________. A．aren’t so clever as machines B．can possibly fool us here and there C．are more perfect than human D．plan to do a lot of research work 2．ICub in this article is________. A．a researcher at the Italian Institute B．an experiment Wykowska did C．a child-sized human-like robot D．a button people pressed in the test 3．People couldn’t tell whether they are competing with a human or an iCub according to________. A．the green boxes people used B．the time of the button being pressed C．the trust between humans and robots D．the red boxes iCub responded 4．In the first set of another study, iCub didn’t________ with a human. A．watch special videos of humans B．keep eye contact with its camera “eyes” C．greet the person and ask for his name D．make comments and show emotions 5．In the second experiment, people believe that if iCub is more human-like, it has ________. A．more machine-like noises B．more human-like actions C．more different shapes and sizes D．more thoughts and desires of its own 6．Which information is RIGHT in this passage? A．Robots are no longer machines and they have been our friends for a long time. B．Wykowska did some experiments but failed to find if iCub had any human responses. C．The researchers plan to do the experiment again to see how people will respond D．In the second test, iCub didn’t communicate with human because it became foolish. （22-23九年级上·上海宝山·期中）Choose the best answer. A virus is a small computer program that goes from one computer to another, causing problems. Most viruses are spread as e-mail attachments (附件). Sometimes they have attractive titles. When Internet users get one, they want to open the attachment—this action enables the hidden virus to start working. People can also download viruses from the Internet when they download some pictures, movies, or music. Viruses can cause all sort of problems with your computer system. For example, they will delete (删除) your files or mess up with your computer system to make it go crazy. Nowadays, some new viruses are aimed at stealing your banking information. How can I stop viruses from entering my computer? Fortunately, there are ways to improve the safety of your computer:     Avoid opening e-mail attachments unless you know who sends the e-mail and what the attachment is.     Avoid downloading movie or music files from websites that you do not trust—you may be downloading a virus as well!     Put antivirus software on your computer and make sure that you regularly update (升级) it with the latest version.     Create and use strong passwords (密码). How do I know if I have a virus? Here are some signs that may mean you may have a virus on your computer:     Your computer is slower.     Your computer keeps freezing.     Your computer shuts downs and restarts a lot.     The programs on your computer don’t work correctly.     You can’t print correctly from your computer.     You get lots of strange messages. If you have virus on your computer, get it removed. Download and use a virus removal toll from the Internet, or speak to a computer expert. 1．When Internet users get an e-mail attachment, they want to open it because ________. A．they can make virus start working B．they are attracted by its title C．they want to enjoy the music or movies D．they are waiting for important messages 2．Viruses can cause different kinds of problems EXCEPT ________. A．deleting your files B．stealing your banking information C．hurting your eyes D．making your computer system go crazy 3．The underlined sentence “Your computer keeps freezing.” probably means “________”. A．Your computer is getting cold. B．Your computer becomes slower. C．Your computer starts printing. D．Your computer stops working. 4．To stop viruses from entering your computer, you should ________. A．create and use very simple passwords B．open an e-mail attachment when you don’t know what it is C．update your antivirus software with the latest version D．download movies or music files from the website that you don’t trust 5．Which of the following is NOT a sign if you have a virus on your computer? A．Your computer keeps restarting. B．Your computer programs work properly. C．You keep receiving strange messages. D．Your computer becomes slower and slower. 6．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．give information about different kinds of computer viruses B．attract more Internet users to send e-mails with their computers C．talk about the importance of putting antivirus software on computers D．introduce ways on how to protect our computers from computer viruses （20-21九年级上·上海虹口·期中）The train pulled into the station at 8:05 p.m. on time, just as the schedule required, and the excellent Dr. Twill rushed to the train exit door and jumped onto the platform with a crowd of other travelers. He was tired from his long journey on the train（伸懒腰） and yawned （打哈欠）, and decided to find a hot cup of coffee before heading out to enjoy the bright city night. His trip through the nearby county towns had been a rewarding one: with a few short explanations here, some attractive promises there, and a great deal of excitement everywhere he went, he had been able to sell a number of his electrical cures at prices which made him more money than he had expected, and returned with a much lighter truck and fatter wallet than those with which he had departed. The cures were many and various, ranging from electrical hair brushes which promised to grow more hairs on a shiny bald head and give back a youthful and good-looking appearance, to electrical belts which were designed to reduce the fat around the belly（肚子）, lose weight every hour and build strong muscles while watching TV on a sofa, even to electrical shoes, the function of which was still unclear but wonderful without questions. He had even been able to get some rather big investments（投资）in the development of his latest cure: a bottle of magic water with pure electrical energy. When someone imbibes it, the whole health would improve, including his or her physical appearance of the body and the mind from within! Moreover,  this magic water works on both humans and pets. It is so popular that many people have asked to buy it before Dr. Twill is able to produce it. There was still a small question of how he would manage to turn pure electricity into water without losing its energy—but with all the amazing equipment in his lab, Dr. Twill had all confidence that a solution would come soon enough. 1．It can be inferred from the passage that Dr. Twill makes a living by ________. A．researching a great variety of diseases B．selling devices which are supposed to cure disease C．turning electricity into water, and selling it in the county D．travelling to the city to see patients under electric lights 2．Dr. Twill seems to believe that electricity is ________. A．a necessary thing of the modern world B．a dangerous technology which must be carefully studied C．a magical power that can be useful for human beings D．a medicine to fight against disease 3．Based on the context of the passage, Dr. Twill was travelling in order to ________. A．get away from the tiring city life B．make money by selling his invention in other towns C．find ideas to get new investment D．help people who were too poor to visit a doctor 4．According to the passage, what is the most likely reason that Dr. Twill returned from his travels with a “much lighter trunk” ? ________. A．Dr. Twill needed less clothing, because the weather was warmer than when he left B．Dr. Twill sold most of the things in his trunk while traveling C．Dr. Twill lost weight and reduced the fat around the belly D．Dr. Twill bought a new, lighter trunk with the investment 5．Based on the context of the passage, “imbibe” most nearly means ________. A．wear B．invest C．invent D．drink 6．Why is the “bottle of magic water” popular? ________ A．Because it can turn pure electricity into water without losing its energy. B．Because it improve the health inside and outside. C．Because it’s made from the amazing equipment in Dr. Twill’s lab. D．Because Dr. Twill is confident that be will produce it soon. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Computers 单元话题阅读理解练习 （23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中）Emergencies don’t happen very often. But when they do, you want to get help first. No one wants to spend time looking up the phone numbers. In 1968, the Untied States government wanted one number that people could call for emergencies. They decided that 911 was easy to remember and people could dial it quickly. The very first 911 call was made on February 16, 1968, in Alabama. Today, 911 is used for emergencies in most parts of the United States and many parts of Canada. Other countries may use other numbers. In Great Britain, it’s 999. If you’re not sure which emergency number is used in your area, check your phone book. When to call Never call 911 as a joke or just to see what might happen. The only time you should call 911 is when a person is badly hurt in danger right now! So call when there is a fire, a car accident, or sudden sickness, etc. When in an emergency call When you dial the 911 operator (接线员), it’s always OK to give out your information. Speak slowly and clearly when you explain what’s happening. What happened? Where are you? Who needs help? Don’t hang up (挂断)！ If you have to call 911, do not hang up until the operator tells you it’s OK to do so, That way, you can be sure that the operator has all the information to offer help fast. A dog named Faith dialed 911 when her owner who was in a wheelchair fell and needed help. She had been taught to use a speed dial (快递拨号) function. 1．The emergency number 911 was first used in __________ in the USA． A．1958 B．1968 C．1978 D．1999 2．Why was 911 chose to be the emergency call? A．Because other countries also used the number. B．Because it was suggested by the phone company. C．Because it was simple and easy to remember and dial. D．Because it was also used in many parts of Canada. 3．999 is used as the emergency number in __________. A．China B．Canada C．the USA D．Great Britain 4．People can’t call 911 when __________. A．a bus hits a boy badly B．a girl feels bored C．an old lady falls off the stairs, unable to stand up D．some people can’t get out of a burning building 5．If you call the emergency number, you should __________. A．wait for the operator’s words to end the call B．tell the operator what has happened and hang up C．test if your phone can get through to 911 D．tell the operator everything as quickly as possible 6．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．911 is an emergency number almost throughout the United States. B．Different countries have different emergency numbers. C．Usually phone books list emergency call numbers. D．The dog Faith pressed the three numbers 9-1-1. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．D 【导语】本文主要给我们讲述了美国的紧急电话号码911，这个数字比较容易记住，人们在紧急情况时可以快速拨号。作者还讲述了在使用紧急电话的时候应该注意的一些细节。 1．细节理解题。根据“The very first 911 call was made on February 16, 1968, in Alabama.”可知，1968年，美国首次使用了紧急号码911。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“They decided that 911 was easy to remember and people could dial it quickly.”可知，因为它简单，容易记忆和拨号。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In Great Britain, it’s 999. If you’re not sure which emergency number is used in your area, check your phone book..”可知，999在英国被用作紧急电话号码。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Today, 911 is used for emergencies in most parts of the United States and many parts of Canada.”以及“In 1968, the Untied States government wanted one number that people could call for emergencies.”可知，911是美国的紧急电话，应该在遇到紧急情况的时候使用。当一个女孩感到无聊时，人们不能打911。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“If you have to call 911, do not hang up until the operator tells you it’s OK to do so”可知，如果你拨打紧急号码，你应该等待接线员的话来结束通话。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“A dog named Faith dialed 911 when her owner who was in a wheelchair fell and needed help. She had been taught to use a speed dial (快递拨号) function.”可知，这只小狗使用的是快递拨号功能。故选D。 （23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期中）Improvements in technology often happen overnight. Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones. They can do hundreds of things. Here are some old gadgets that people used to use. ①________ Do you have a landline (固定电话) at home? These are phones that people plug (插入) into their living room walls. Mobile phones didn’t use to be so common at that time, so most families had a landline. But landlines only worked at home. What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone? They looked for a pay phone! Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines. ②________ People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks. The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful — each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better. But even the best ones could only hold 1. 44 MB．You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage (储存空间) available on a 32 GB phone! ③________ It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to be expensive, and people took fewer of them. To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film. This allowed you to take about 30 photos. After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days. Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old. What do you think will be next to disappear? 1．What does the underlined word “gadgets” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Toys. B．Tools. C．Games. D．Phones. 2．Match the title with each paragraph. a. Goodbye Disks     b. Music to My Ears   c. Picture This   d. Call Me   e. Film Development A．①-d, ②-b, ③-e B．①-d, ②-a, ③-c C．①-c, ②-a, ③-b D．①-c, ②-b, ③-e 3．What were the first floppy disks like? A．They could store much. B．They were very useful. C．They cost a lot of money. D．They were easy to carry. 4．Where could people make the photos be seen in the past? A．On people’s phone. B．At a shop. C．At home. D．On a roll of film. 5．What can we get from the passage? A．It was convenient to take photos with film. B．People outside used landlines to call someone. C．Improvements in technology change people’s life. D．For a time, many people had pay phones at home. 6．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Changing Phones B．The Products of Tomorrow C．Old Things We Use Today D．The Things We Used to Use 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们过去常用的旧工具。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones.”可知此处指变得更小更快的东西，举例中有智能手机，由此推出gadgets意为“工具，设备”。故选B。 2．标题归纳题。根据“Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines.”可知①段讲电话机手机，用“Call Me”作标题；根据“But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks.”可知②段关于以前用过的磁盘，用“Goodbye Disks”作标题；再由“It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to be expensive, and people took fewer of them.”可知③段介绍拍照工具，用“Picture This”做标题。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful”可知最初的软盘是很贵的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days.”可知过去人们在商店洗照片。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Improvements in technology often happen overnight.”及下文内容可知文中介绍科技在进步，这在不断改变人们的生活。故选C。 6．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了人们过去常用的旧工具，用“The Things We Used to Use”作标题最合适。故选D。 （23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）Danny is reading an infographic. 1．An infographic is similar to ________. A．an information sheet B．an advertisement C．a letter D．a notice 2．The subtitle for the box could be ________ A．Why do we need sugar? B．What does sugar do to our body? C．How much sugar do we need every day? D．Who needs sugar most in our daily life? 3．Look at the boy on the right. He has taken in about ________ grams of sugar the whole day. A．75 B．120 C．280 D．310 4．What can we learn about sugar from the infographic? A．There are 7 grams of sugar in 330 ml of orange juice. B．A woman can eat as much sugar a day as a man can. C．China eats more sugar for each person than the USA does. D．400 ml of rice milk has less sugar than 400 ml of grape juice. 5．What can be a reason why the list of “Sugar that is hidden in foods and drinks” is put in the infographic? A．To help us understand how sugar hurts our body. B．To show what kinds of foods and drinks are popular with children. C．To tell us that we often have more sugar than we can without knowing it. D．To let us know how much sugar is enough to make foods and drinks taste good. 6．Which of the following could be another part in the infographic? A．How can we reduce our sugar intake? B．What good is sugar? C．What’s the difference between natural sugar and added sugar? D．Are you aware of hidden sugar in your diets? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍糖的危害以及一些隐藏在食物和饮料中的糖的情况。 1．推理判断题。根据“Danny is reading an infographic.”及文章的理解可知，本文是通过一份信息图表介绍糖对身体的危害，类似于一份资料，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据图片内容展示可知，提到了“getting fat, sleeping less well, heart problems...”，这些都是健康问题，因此此处应是介绍糖对我们的身体的影响，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据图标内容可知，“ice cream (66g)”，“cheesecake (95g)”，“cola (330ml)”以及“1 teaspoon=4g of sugar”可知，四个冰淇淋相当于16勺糖，相当于64g糖，一瓶330ml的可乐相当于9勺多糖，那么1L的可乐大约相当于28勺糖，相当于112g糖，一块95g的奶酪蛋糕相当于5勺糖，那么一块500g的奶酪蛋糕相当于26勺糖，相当于105g糖，所以这个男孩今天摄入了64+112+105=281g糖，即大约280g糖，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“rice milk (400 ml)”和“grape juice (400 ml)”显示的含糖量可知，400毫升米浆的含糖量比400毫升葡萄汁的含糖量要少。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“Sugar that is hidden in foods and drinks”可知，隐藏在食物和饮料中的糖是为了告诉我们，我们经常在不知情的情况下摄入过多的糖。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据信息表的展示可知，介绍了糖对身体的危害以及隐藏在食物和饮料中的糖之后，接下来应该是介绍如何减少糖的摄入量，故选A。 （22-23九年级上·上海宝山·开学考试）Heredity(遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get. When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan darkly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all. Each one has inherited a different ability to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right. An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun. Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale. Sometimes they decide the opposite. Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, a shin so pale that the veins (血管) showed was considered a mark of great beauty. During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, mines and mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made their skins pale. Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel so sunny countries. They had the leisure to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth. In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable. Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sun-lamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions(涂剂) that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight. These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntan there. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents. So there are three answers to the question “Where does our color come from?” It comes from the genes we inherit. It comes from the conditions in which we live. And it can come from a bottle that we buy at the drugstore on the corner of the street. 1．Besides genes, our skin color has much to do with __________. A．exercise B．weight C．food D．sunshine 2．Centuries ago in Europe, it was considered of great beauty to have _____. A．pale skin B．a suntan C．dark-colored skin D．light-colored skin 3．During the Industrial Revolution people began to like to have a tan because it was a sign of _______. A．good health B．great strength C．wealth D．youth 4．Pills and lotions have been invented in Western Europe and North America _______. A．to protect people from sunburn B．to make people look wealthy C．to smooth people’s skin D．to help people to have a quick tan 5．According to the author, our color does not come from_______. A．the genes we inherit B．the sort of food we live on C．the condition in which we live D．the lotions we buy at a drugstore 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要谈论了影响肤色的因素以及不同时期人们对不同皮肤的定义。 1．细节理解题。根据“In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get.”可知，我们的肤色还和阳光有关，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“As a result, a shin so pale that the veins (血管) showed was considered a mark of great beauty.”可知，几个世纪以前，在欧洲，白皙的皮肤被认为是非常美丽的，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“During the Industrial Revolution things changed.....Having a tan became a sign of wealth.”可知，在工业革命期间，人们开始喜欢晒黑，因为这是一种财富的象征。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions(涂剂) that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight.”可知，这些药片和乳液可以在不暴露在阳光下的情况下人工使皮肤变黑。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“It comes from the genes we inherit. It comes from the conditions in which we live. And it can come from a bottle that we buy at the drugstore on the corner of the street.”可知，皮肤的颜色来自于我们遗传的基因，来自于我们的生活环境，也可以来自我们在街角的药店买的瓶子，没有提到B项中的内容。故选B。 （2023·上海静安·二模）Robot fools humans The idea that robots could one day be our friends has been around for a long time but until now they have always seemed more machine than person. A new study by a researcher at the Italian Institute of Technology has found that in fact it’s possible for robots to fool us here and there, they are just less perfect than human. Inspired by the Turing Test, Agnieszka Wykowska came up with an experiment using a child-sized human-like robot called iCub. Sitting in front of a screen, the people in the test were asked to press a button when a green box appeared on the screen, however, iCub only responded to red boxes Wykowska programmed the robot to take different lengths of time to respond, just like a person would. Afterwards, the humans were asked to judge whether they had been competing with a machine or a person according to the time of the buttions being pressed—and they couldn’t tell. Wykowska believes that making robots have more human responses is the key to making better robots and creating more trust between humans and robots. In another study with iCub, the robot and a human watched special videos of animals. In the first set of tests, iCub greeted the person, asked for his name and kept eye contact with its camera “eyes”. It made comments about the videos, laughed and showed emotions (情感). In the second experiment, however, iCub did not communicate with human and just made machine-like noises. The researchers found that people believe that the more human iCub is, the more it has its own thoughts and desires. The team now wants to know if people can communicate with robots that do not look human but that still show human-like actions. The researchers plan to repeat the experiments, using robots of different shapes and sizes, to see how people give their responses. 1．A new study at the Italian Institute of Technology has found that robots________. A．aren’t so clever as machines B．can possibly fool us here and there C．are more perfect than human D．plan to do a lot of research work 2．ICub in this article is________. A．a researcher at the Italian Institute B．an experiment Wykowska did C．a child-sized human-like robot D．a button people pressed in the test 3．People couldn’t tell whether they are competing with a human or an iCub according to________. A．the green boxes people used B．the time of the button being pressed C．the trust between humans and robots D．the red boxes iCub responded 4．In the first set of another study, iCub didn’t________ with a human. A．watch special videos of humans B．keep eye contact with its camera “eyes” C．greet the person and ask for his name D．make comments and show emotions 5．In the second experiment, people believe that if iCub is more human-like, it has ________. A．more machine-like noises B．more human-like actions C．more different shapes and sizes D．more thoughts and desires of its own 6．Which information is RIGHT in this passage? A．Robots are no longer machines and they have been our friends for a long time. B．Wykowska did some experiments but failed to find if iCub had any human responses. C．The researchers plan to do the experiment again to see how people will respond D．In the second test, iCub didn’t communicate with human because it became foolish. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了研究结果表明，机器人有可能会愚弄人类，机器人拥有的人类特征越多，人们就更会觉得机器人有自己的想法和渴望，与人类相似的特征越多，是做出更好的机器人的关键。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“A new study by a researcher at the Italian Institute of Technology has found that in fact it’s possible for robots to fool us here and there, they are just less perfect than human.”可知意大利理工学院一位研究人员的一项新研究发现，事实上，机器人有可能在这里那里愚弄我们，它们只是不如人类完美。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Inspired by the Turing Test, Agnieszka Wykowska came up with an experiment using a child-sized human-like robot called iCub. ”可知受到图灵测试的启发，Agnieszka Wykowska提出了一个实验，使用一个名为iCub的儿童大小的类人机器人。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Afterwards, the humans were asked to judge whether they had been competing with a machine or a person according to the time of the buttions being pressed—and they couldn’t tell. ”可知之后，人类被要求根据按按钮的时间来判断他们是在与机器还是人竞争——他们无法分辨。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In another study with iCub, the robot and a human watched special videos of animals.”可知在iCub的另一项研究中，机器人和人类观看了动物的特殊视频。因此不是人类的。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The researchers found that people believe that the more human iCub is, the more it has its own thoughts and desires. ”可知研究人员发现，人们认为iCub越人性化，它就越有自己的想法和欲望。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据文章结尾的“The researchers plan to repeat the experiments, using robots of different shapes and sizes, to see how people give their responses.”可知研究人员计划使用不同形状和大小的机器人重复这些实验，看看人们如何做出反应。故选C。 （22-23九年级上·上海宝山·期中）Choose the best answer. A virus is a small computer program that goes from one computer to another, causing problems. Most viruses are spread as e-mail attachments (附件). Sometimes they have attractive titles. When Internet users get one, they want to open the attachment—this action enables the hidden virus to start working. People can also download viruses from the Internet when they download some pictures, movies, or music. Viruses can cause all sort of problems with your computer system. For example, they will delete (删除) your files or mess up with your computer system to make it go crazy. Nowadays, some new viruses are aimed at stealing your banking information. How can I stop viruses from entering my computer? Fortunately, there are ways to improve the safety of your computer:     Avoid opening e-mail attachments unless you know who sends the e-mail and what the attachment is.     Avoid downloading movie or music files from websites that you do not trust—you may be downloading a virus as well!     Put antivirus software on your computer and make sure that you regularly update (升级) it with the latest version.     Create and use strong passwords (密码). How do I know if I have a virus? Here are some signs that may mean you may have a virus on your computer:     Your computer is slower.     Your computer keeps freezing.     Your computer shuts downs and restarts a lot.     The programs on your computer don’t work correctly.     You can’t print correctly from your computer.     You get lots of strange messages. If you have virus on your computer, get it removed. Download and use a virus removal toll from the Internet, or speak to a computer expert. 1．When Internet users get an e-mail attachment, they want to open it because ________. A．they can make virus start working B．they are attracted by its title C．they want to enjoy the music or movies D．they are waiting for important messages 2．Viruses can cause different kinds of problems EXCEPT ________. A．deleting your files B．stealing your banking information C．hurting your eyes D．making your computer system go crazy 3．The underlined sentence “Your computer keeps freezing.” probably means “________”. A．Your computer is getting cold. B．Your computer becomes slower. C．Your computer starts printing. D．Your computer stops working. 4．To stop viruses from entering your computer, you should ________. A．create and use very simple passwords B．open an e-mail attachment when you don’t know what it is C．update your antivirus software with the latest version D．download movies or music files from the website that you don’t trust 5．Which of the following is NOT a sign if you have a virus on your computer? A．Your computer keeps restarting. B．Your computer programs work properly. C．You keep receiving strange messages. D．Your computer becomes slower and slower. 6．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．give information about different kinds of computer viruses B．attract more Internet users to send e-mails with their computers C．talk about the importance of putting antivirus software on computers D．introduce ways on how to protect our computers from computer viruses 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 【导语】本文主要说明了电脑有病毒的迹象以及保护其免受电脑病毒侵害的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most viruses are spread as e-mail attachments (附件). Sometimes they have attractive titles.”可知大多数病毒通过电子邮件的附件进行传播，有时候这些附件的标题很吸引人，所以人们收到电子邮件时会情不自禁地打开。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Viruses can cause all sort of problems with your computer system. For example, they will delete (删除) your files or mess up with your computer system to make it go crazy. Nowadays, some new viruses are aimed at stealing your banking information.”可知电脑病毒会给计算机系统带来各种问题，如删除文件或扰乱电脑系统，或窃取银行信息，没有提到伤害眼睛。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“Here are some signs that may mean you may have a virus on your computer: Your computer is slower.”可知电脑变慢是电脑可能有病毒的迹象之一，可推断出本句也是电脑有病毒的表现，动词“freeze”在这里可理解为“被暂时锁定”，可推断出这句话表示电脑因病毒导致的故障而死机。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Fortunately, there are ways to improve the safety of your computer:”部分中的“Put antivirus software on your computer and make sure that you regularly update (升级) it with the latest version.”可知提高电脑安全性的方法之一是在电脑上安装杀毒软件并定期升级到最新版本。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Here are some signs that may mean you may have a virus on your computer:”部分中“Your computer is slower…Your computer shuts downs and restarts a lot. The programs on your computer don’t work correctly…You get lots of strange messages.”可知电脑有病毒会表现为电脑变慢，电脑经常关机和重启，电脑程序不能正常工作或收到奇怪的消息等，所以电脑程序运行正常不是电脑有病毒的迹象。故选B。 6．判断推理题。通读全文，尤其是文中“How can I stop viruses from entering my computer?...Here are some signs that may mean you may have a virus on your computer…”和最后一段可知本文主要说明了电脑有病毒的迹象，同时提出了保护电脑免受电脑病毒侵害的方法，可推断出本文的写作目的是介绍保护电脑免受病毒侵害的方法。故选D。 （20-21九年级上·上海虹口·期中）The train pulled into the station at 8:05 p.m. on time, just as the schedule required, and the excellent Dr. Twill rushed to the train exit door and jumped onto the platform with a crowd of other travelers. He was tired from his long journey on the train（伸懒腰） and yawned （打哈欠）, and decided to find a hot cup of coffee before heading out to enjoy the bright city night. His trip through the nearby county towns had been a rewarding one: with a few short explanations here, some attractive promises there, and a great deal of excitement everywhere he went, he had been able to sell a number of his electrical cures at prices which made him more money than he had expected, and returned with a much lighter truck and fatter wallet than those with which he had departed. The cures were many and various, ranging from electrical hair brushes which promised to grow more hairs on a shiny bald head and give back a youthful and good-looking appearance, to electrical belts which were designed to reduce the fat around the belly（肚子）, lose weight every hour and build strong muscles while watching TV on a sofa, even to electrical shoes, the function of which was still unclear but wonderful without questions. He had even been able to get some rather big investments（投资）in the development of his latest cure: a bottle of magic water with pure electrical energy. When someone imbibes it, the whole health would improve, including his or her physical appearance of the body and the mind from within! Moreover,  this magic water works on both humans and pets. It is so popular that many people have asked to buy it before Dr. Twill is able to produce it. There was still a small question of how he would manage to turn pure electricity into water without losing its energy—but with all the amazing equipment in his lab, Dr. Twill had all confidence that a solution would come soon enough. 1．It can be inferred from the passage that Dr. Twill makes a living by ________. A．researching a great variety of diseases B．selling devices which are supposed to cure disease C．turning electricity into water, and selling it in the county D．travelling to the city to see patients under electric lights 2．Dr. Twill seems to believe that electricity is ________. A．a necessary thing of the modern world B．a dangerous technology which must be carefully studied C．a magical power that can be useful for human beings D．a medicine to fight against disease 3．Based on the context of the passage, Dr. Twill was travelling in order to ________. A．get away from the tiring city life B．make money by selling his invention in other towns C．find ideas to get new investment D．help people who were too poor to visit a doctor 4．According to the passage, what is the most likely reason that Dr. Twill returned from his travels with a “much lighter trunk” ? ________. A．Dr. Twill needed less clothing, because the weather was warmer than when he left B．Dr. Twill sold most of the things in his trunk while traveling C．Dr. Twill lost weight and reduced the fat around the belly D．Dr. Twill bought a new, lighter trunk with the investment 5．Based on the context of the passage, “imbibe” most nearly means ________. A．wear B．invest C．invent D．drink 6．Why is the “bottle of magic water” popular? ________ A．Because it can turn pure electricity into water without losing its energy. B．Because it improve the health inside and outside. C．Because it’s made from the amazing equipment in Dr. Twill’s lab. D．Because Dr. Twill is confident that be will produce it soon. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．B 【分析】本文介绍了Dr. Twill的新发明。 1．推理判断题。根据“he had been able to sell a number of his electrical cures at prices which made him more money than he had expected”可知，Twill医生靠出售被认为可以治疗疾病的设备谋生，故选B。 2．细节推断题。根据“When someone imbibes it, the whole health would improve, including his or her physical appearance of the body and the mind from within”可知，他相信这是一种对人类有用的神奇力量，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“he had been able to sell a number of his electrical cures at prices which made him more money than he had expected,”可知，他旅行是为了售卖发明赚钱，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“returned with a much lighter truck and fatter wallet than those with which he had departed”可知，开着比他离开时更轻的卡车，并且更鼓的钱包回来，所以这意味着在旅行期间售卖了卡车里的大部分物品，故选B。 5．词义推测题。根据“When someone imbibes it, the whole health would improve, including his or her physical appearance of the body and the mind from within”可知，当一个人喝了它，整个健康就会得到改善，包括他或她的身体外观和内心的思想，所以imbibe与drink同义，故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据“When someone imbibes it, the whole health would improve, including his or her physical appearance of the body and the mind from within”可知，因为人喝下它时，整个健康将改善，包括他或她的身体外观和内心的思想。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$